bravo: barrier removal assessment and viability overview

Rare project plans viability and potential impacts assessment tool

BRAVO: Barrier Removal Assessment and Viability Overview

Tun Mustapha Marine Park

Economics Technical Cultural/PoliticsImpacts &

Metrics

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Assessment on costs, funding/sources of revenues and factors of income substitution with regard to specific Barrier Removal Solution.

Assessment on technology availability, required training and efficiency of organizational partners involved in Barrier Removal Solution.

Assessment on supporting factors and limitations of Barrier Removal Solution that may arise from cultural norms and political situations.

Assessment on comprehensive impacts of Barrier Removal Solution and present metrics viability to measure such impacts.

BRAVO: Executive Summary

What: Locally Managed Marine Area (LMMA) is a good effort to protect an area from activities to destroy fish resources ,as well as grave coral reef degradation. Through LMMA, community living in the nearby area or community using the related fish resources will be actively involved in efforts to protect the marine ecosystem. The community will also automatically obey regulations to allow fishes to lay eggs and grow. LMMA area will be a no-fishing zone demonstration area or example of no-take zone area inside Tun Mustapha Marine Park. By implementing LMMA, fish resources in the area will be maintained and the area will serve as an example for other areas. In the future, more areas may be designated as LMMA. With more area designated as LMMA , the uses of destructive practices to catch fish will be reduced and the uses of bomb and sujum (sodium cyanide solutions) will be limited. The situation will allow the growth of coral reefs and preserve the fishes in the area. More importantly, the community will benefit from the program and future generations will still be able to use the fish resource in the area.

Who: Target audiences of the LMMA program are people of Kg Berangus, Pulau Banggi, including Karakit, Singgamata, Perpaduan and Sibogo as well as Maliangin Kecil Island who are practicing unsustainable fishing ways. Total population in the targeted areas area is 10,000, including non-fishermen. WWF-Malaysia is designating a fish protection area as demonstration site for Tun Mustapha Marine Park in Maliangin area. Tun Mustapha is well known as Marine Protected Area. Therefore, an area designated as no-fishing demonstration zone area to sustainably managed the fish resources in the area is required for local community. Funding currently available to conduct such a program is RM 20,000, which include activities to raise community awareness on Conservation issues. More funding is required to maintain the continuation of such activities.

When: LMMA will be conducted together with Rare campaign program. In October 2009, the program will begin with a meeting with community in the area. The meeting will be followed by other activities, which include mapping and other activities. Activities to generate community awareness on conservation issues will be conducted to raise community knowledge on the importance of LMMA implementation. Discussions will be held to generate common ideas on LMMA. In 2010, training will be conducted and will involve fishermen, especially in areas of Tg Kapor, Berungus and Maliangin. In other areas, trainings that are related to the program and will benefit the community will also be held .

How: WWF-Malaysia has allocated RM 20,000 for Rare Pride campaign program in the area. However, more funding is required to conduct one year campaign activities in several villages. The allocated funding will be used for activities to raise community awareness on conservation issues, especially the needs to sustainably manage fish resources among fishermen in the campaign area. While WWF-Malaysia has allocated a funding of RM 20,000, it is expected that Rare will still contribute some more funding to help running the program.

BRAVO Scores

Feasibility Score: 3.5

Impact Score: 3.7

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Criteria Explanation Score

Costs

Preliminary projected costs

Preparation Phase– Community meetings include meeting with government agency.– Map documentations– Printing

Implementation Phase– Resource use mappings with community– Data processing– Series of public hearings and meetings – Enforcement– Volunteer– Printing– Survey ( indicator of success)

Training:– Mapping – Resource Monitoring – Alternative Livelihood – Entrepreneurship

Equipment

Predictability of cost burden

To support such projected cost, 7 villages will be involved in this Rare campaign program. A total cost of RM 50,000 is projected to conduct the campaign for one year period. 4

Cost per behavior changed (ie per person in target audience

How much will you spend per person, in your targeted audience for behavior change? For instance, if your barrier removal strategy costs $100,000 and you are targeting 1000 fishermen, than figure is $100 per fisherman. $

Average Score 4

BRAVO Tun Mustapha DetailsEconomics (1 of 3)

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Revenues

Description of revenue streams

Fundraising total: $ Sources: Stallman Fund, Department of ForestryEarned income total: $ Sources:

Percentage of total cost available

WWF-Malaysia has allocated RM 20,000 for the Rare campaign program.4

Likelihood of fundraising success

WWF-Malaysia should have conducted the activity. However, in Tun Mustapha Marine Park, WWF-Malaysia does not conduct such an activity. 4

Fundraising timing

NA

Funding Alignment

NA

Sustainable Funding

WWF-Malaysia has carried out conservation related activity (aktiviti alam sekitar ) and discussions with community on Tun Mustapha Marine Park area since 2002. Many conservation related activities involving children, young people and adults have been conducted to support their knowledge on the importance of conserving the nature and support the established Tun Mustapha Marine Park. WWF-Malaysia also works with fishermen to disseminate information on the current problem of decreasing fish resources. To this day, WWF-Malaysia is actively conducting conservation related program and establish Maliangin sanctuary (santuari maliangin) for the future needs.

3

Profit/(Loss)

Difference between Revenues and Costs

NA

Average Score 3.7


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Income Substitution (if applicable)

New income source relative to old income

The use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions in the reserved Mustapha Park ( Cadangan Taman Mustapha) area has raised concerns as it drives to lack of fish resources in the area. With regard to the decreasing fish resources in the area as the result of, among others, the use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions, the campaign will try to help the community to find alternative source of income other than the use bomb and sodium cyanide solutions. The alternative sources of income that are known in the area are weaving mengkuang mattress (tikar mengkuang ) for women and agriculture . However, based on discussion held with people in Kg….., such alternative sources of income will not benefit the community . There is no market the products and the income generated is not comparable to income as fisherman. Consequently, the effectiveness of the alternative sources of income to generate higher income than the old practices cannot be measured. WWF-Malaysia in Kudat area never introduce other alternative source of income to the community. Therefore, success of such effort will be difficult to predict and will require cooperation from the community.

NA

New income source sustainability

As stated above, the effectiveness of the alternative sources of income to generate higher income than the old practices cannot be measured. However, if the alternatives sources of income can be carried out with cooperation from the community, there are chances that such alternatives will last in long term on condition that market is available. Funding is required to support the alternative sources of income and involvement of organizations, such as village industrial agency (lembaga perindustrian desa), are required to support the alternative sources of income to survive in the future.

NA

Average Score NA


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Technology

Attainability & Availability

WWF-Malaysia has communicated with community living in the area of Tun Mustapha Marine Park since 2002. At the moment, WWF-Malaysia is conducting discussions with community of Maliangin village on the establishment of Maliangin Sanctuary. WWF-Malaysia is also actively discussing fishing issues with commercial fishermen. In addition, WWF-Malaysia is carrying out activities to raise community awareness on conservation issues in Tun Mustapha Marine Park area.No technology is required for LMMA. GIS mapping technology is available easily. To minimize the use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions, WWF-Malaysia has identified and introduced fishing equipments, that do not damage coral reefs and exploit fish resources, to fishermen. The equipments include fishing equipments, basket fish trap (bubu) and net (saiz mata pukat), that are allowed by law to use. Such equipments are easily available to the community. WWF-Malaysia is not going to provide such equipments as funding is not sufficient. WWF-Malaysia will only inform the community the benefits of those equipment and disadvantages of using bomb and sodium cyanide solutions.

3

Technology assistance

NA (No special technology is required for LMMA program)

Appropriate for circumstances

NA

Average Score 3

BRAVO Tun Mustapha DetailsTechnical (1 of 2)

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Capacity /

Organizational Abilit

y

Barrier Removal Partner support

Barrier Removal Partner is WWF-Malaysia, conducted by Marine Biologist with contract up to June 2011.

4

Barrier Removal Partner’s ability to drive change

In the Reserved Tun Mustapha Park Area (Kawasan Cadangan Taman Tun Mustapha), the use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions has long been prohibited by laws. Both bomb and sodium cyanide solutions, however, are still used. In the past, no area was designated as no-fishing zone. At the moment, WWF-Malaysia under the marine biologist project is working with community of Kg Maliangin to designate part of the island as no-fishing zone. Before working with WWF-Malaysia, the marine biologist worked with Sabah Parks and works with the community to raise community awareness on the importance of conserving kima species.

3

Budget planning and cost efficient execution

Unknown

Average Score 3.5

Other

Partners

Other critical partners

Other partners in the program are Department of Fisheries (Jabatan Perikanan) and Police (Polis). They play the role to monitor the use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions.

3

Average Score 3

BRAVO Tun Mustapha DetailsTechnical (2 of 2)

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Community Leadership

Leaders and influencers in the community

- Religious leader (Imam )- Head of village (Ketua Kg/JKKK)- Department of Fisheries of Kudat (Jabatan Perikanan Kudat)- Department of Police (Jabatan Polis)- Local authority (Pejabat Daerah)

1

Leadership willingness to endorse

WWF-Malaysia has had discussions with those parties and they have stated their support to conservation activities.

4

Average Score 2.5

BRAVO Tun Mustapha DetailsCultural/Political (1 of 2)

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Political Environmen

t

Current legislative and legal landscape

Bomb and sodium cyanide solutions are illegal substances because of their destructive nature to coral reefs and fish resources. There are regulations that outlaw the use of those substances. Department of Fisheries, Department of Police and Department of Wildlife (Jabatan Hidupan Liar) will be in charge of any violation to the regulations. This will support the program to run.

4

Ability to drive legislative change

None

Average Score 4

Values

and Norms

Assessment of norms

None of the present norms contradict with regulations on MPA.4

Ability to address normative obstacles

Unknown.

Average Score 4

BRAVO Tun Mustapha DetailsCultural/Political (2 of 2)

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Conservatio

n Impact

Likelihood of conservation impact

To change a human attitude is difficult. Through this campaign, a change of attitude to leave the use of bomb and sodium cyanide solutions is expected even in relatively low percentage.

2

Impact sustainability

A change of attitude is expected to give a long term impact in the community to generate better fish resources for future generations.

4

Average Score 3

BRAVO Tun Mustapha DetailsImpact and Metrics (1 of 2)

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Criteria

Explanation

Score

Tipping Points

1st Tipping Point The establishment of No-Fishing Zone will help agencies, including Sabah Parks, Department of Fisheries, Police and WWF-Malaysia to conduct monitoring activities in MPA area. 4

2nd Tipping Point

3rd Tipping Point

Average Score 4

Metrics

Measurable outcomes

The program is measured with respect to the program schedule that has been set. Campaign manager will measure the outcomes up to 2010.

4

Average Score 4

BRAVO Tun Mustapha DetailsImpact and Metrics (2 of 2)

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Category Subcategory Score Average Category Score

Feasibility

Economics Costs 4

3.85 Revenues 3.7

Income Substitution NA

Technical Technology 3

3.2 Capacity / Organizational Ability 3.5

Other Partners 3

Cultural / Political Community Leadership 2.5

3.5 Political Environment 4

Cultural Norms 4

Feasibility Score 3.5

Impact

Impact and Metrics Conservation Impact 3

3.7 Tipping Points 4

Metrics 14

Impact Score 3.7

Barrier Removal Assessment and Viability Overview (BRAVO)Composite Score

Enter average scores in the right hand column. Then take the feasibility score and enter it into Miradi and the Impact score and enter it into Miradi. Where either score is below X for either feasibly or impact, consider the strategy to be inappropriate and assess the need to conduct a second BRAVO that reviews a different strategy.

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BRAVO Tun Mustapha DetailsRisk Factors

Risk Factors Consequence Mitigation Strategies1. Loss of source of income2. Up to half of the community members may

not be satisfied/angry3. There are some chances that fishermen

will bother about the upcoming program.

1. Lack of source of income2. Campaign does not work well 3. Campaign does not work effectively

1. Alternative source of income2. Discussions in good manners. To

disseminate understandings to the community and, if necessary, call the police.

3. Discussions in good manners. To disseminate understandings to the community.

List any risk factors, consequences and mitigation strategies that may need to be adopted.

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BRAVO Tun Mustapha DetailsAuthors and approvals

List BRAVO authors and their affiliation

Suzianah Binti Ramlee Campaign Manager

Robeca Supervisor

bravo: barrier removal assessment and viability overview

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