biologi -achadiah rachmawati - · pdf filebiologi -achadiah rachmawati somatic and asomatic...

BIOLOGI - ACHADIAH RACHMAWATI

SOMATIC AND ASOMATIC CELLS 1

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Electronic noises can spoil the enjoyment of this lecture

Please TURN OFF all mobile phones, WAPs and PADs

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SelSel BerdasarkanBerdasarkanJumlahJumlah KromosomKromosom

1. Sel somatis (2n)– Sel tubuh (sel yang menyusun seluruh

tubuh hewan)2. Sel asomatis (1n)

– Sel kelamin (sel gamet)• Spermatozoa → spermatogenesis (testis)• Oosit → oogenesis dan folliculogenesis (ovary)

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Prokaryotic cellsProkaryotic cells

(b) A thin section through thebacterium Bacillus coagulans(TEM)

Pili: attachment structures onthe surface of some prokaryotes

Nucleoid: region where thecell’s DNA is located (notenclosed by a membrane)

Ribosomes: organelles thatsynthesize proteins

Plasma membrane: membraneenclosing the cytoplasm

Cell wall: rigid structure outsidethe plasma membrane

Capsule: jelly-like outer coatingof many prokaryotes

Flagella: locomotionorganelles ofsome bacteria

(a) A typicalrod-shaped bacterium

0.5 µmBacterial

chromosome



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Eukaryotic Eukaryotic cellcell

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Animal cellAnimal cell



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2 nm

Chromosomes

DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid

Nucleic Acid

Nucleotide

Nucleosome

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RibosomeRibosomeproduces proteinproduces protein



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Two Types of Two Types of RibosomesRibosomes

• Free ribosomes- make proteins that stay in the cytoplasm and are used there.

• Bound ribosomes- make proteins for export or for membrane construction.

ER Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Ribosomes Cytosol

Free ribosomes

Bound ribosomes

Largesubunit

Smallsubunit

TEM showing ER and ribosomes Diagram of a ribosome

0.5 µm

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SelSel Spermatozoa Spermatozoa

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StrukturStruktur SpermatozoaSpermatozoa



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StrukturStruktur KepalaKepala SpermatozoaSpermatozoa

• Sebagian kepaladiselubungi oleh akrosomyang didalamnya terdapatenzim-enzim yang berguna untuk fertilisasi(pro acrosin danhyaluronidase)

• Enzim ini diaktifkan saatterjadinya reaksi akrosom

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EkorEkor SpermatozoaSpermatozoa

Bagian Middle Piece :• Mitochondrial sheat

– menghasilkan energi untukmenggerakkan spermatozoa

• Axoneme– menggerakkan mikrotubulus yang

berpola 9+2, sehinggamemungkinkan spermatozoa bergerak sliding

• Semua bagian spermatozoa diselubungi membran kecualipada end piece



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AxonemeAxoneme

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AxonemeAxoneme (SEM)(SEM)



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Spermatozoa abnormalSpermatozoa abnormal

Mitochondria Mitochondria padapada leherleher spermatozoaspermatozoa

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SeluruhSeluruh TubuhTubuh Spermatozoa Spermatozoa DiselaputiDiselaputiMembranMembran ((PerluPerlu DijagaDijaga))



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SeluruhSeluruh TubuhTubuh Spermatozoa Spermatozoa DiselaputiDiselaputiMembranMembran ((PerluPerlu DijagaDijaga))

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Spermatozoa Spermatozoa manusiamanusiaSpermatozoa Spermatozoa TikusTikus



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OOSIT (SEL TELUR)OOSIT (SEL TELUR)

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OOGENESISOOGENESIS• Mitosis• Meiosis I dan II

– Meiosis I (pembentukanoosit primer ke oositsekunder)

– Meiosis II(pembentukan ovum dengan polar bodi)

• Oosit siap untukfertilisasi pada saatMeosis II (metafase)



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Every folliculogenesis step, oocytes undergo atresia and then the best oocytescan be ovulated.

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-50 -4 +10-9 +1-180Time (days)

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Very little atresia

Ovulation

Corpusluteum

Large antral

Recruited

Growing

50 - 80% atresia

Primordial SmallAntral

Pre-ovulatory

Possible time of action of nutrition on folliculogenesis

Selecte

d



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Development ofDevelopment ofGerm Cell BiotechnologyGerm Cell Biotechnology

ClonningClonning



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Development ofDevelopment ofGerm Cell BiotechnologyGerm Cell Biotechnology

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Embryonic Stem CellEmbryonic Stem Cell

biologi -achadiah rachmawati - · pdf filebiologi -achadiah rachmawati somatic and asomatic...

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