ENGLISH PAPER

BY :

RENY EKA PURWATI 135080300111033ILHAM 135080300111083ROKINO PURBA 135080301111091SOFYAN DANIEL DARLIN S 135080301111136RICHARD MAKANONENG 135080307111002

TECHNOLOGY OF FISHERIES

FACULTY OF FISHERIES AND MARINE SCIENCE

UNIVERSITY OF BRAWIJAYA

2014

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Navigate is a part of the sail boat from a place to another . Knowledge of navigation tools are very important to help a sailor in the sail boat .

Along with the times , the modernization of equipment is very helpful navigational accuracy positioning vessels on the surface of the earth , so as to ensure the creation of economical aspects Marine navigation systems include some basic activities , among others :

Determine the locus ( position ) , where the ship is located on the surface of the earth . Learning and determine the route / path to take in order to ship safely , quickly , safely ,

and efficiently get to the destination . Determine the bow between the place of departure and arrival places that are known so

far / distance can be determined . Determine where the starting point arrived when the bow and much is known .

Status vessel navigation in sea transport, is essential used to alert situation and avoid a collision. effort to address some of the weaknesses in the AIS has been performed on Monitoring and Control System (Monitoring & Control - M & C hereinafter referred to as M & C) for sea transport [Aisha, USA, 2009].

CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Definition of Navigation

Navigation is the process of sail boats from one place to another safely and efficiently smoothly .

Navigation tool is a tool used to assist in navigation , a navigation tool is divided into two kinds of conventional and electronic navigation equipment .

Wide Electronic Navigation Equipment : 

1 . Radar

Radar stands for " Radio Detection and Ranging " is the most important electronic navigation equipment in shipping . Basically radar is used to detect and measure the distance of an object around the ship . Besides, can give indication of ships , buoys , coastal position and other objects around the ship , this tool can also provide bearing and distance between the ship and the objects

2 . GPS

GPS is a radio navigation system and uses satellite positioning . Formal name is NAVSTAR GPS stands for Satellite Navigation and Ranging Global Positioning System .

3 . RDF

 RDF ( Radio Direction Finder ) is a radio direction finder operated through acceptance by emitting electromagnetic waves emitted by the transmitting station .

4 . Echo sounder

Echo sounder is one underwater detection techniques . In its application , Echo sounder use instrument that can produce a beam ( beam sound waves ) are called transducers . Echo sounder is a tool to measure the depth of water by sending a pressure wave from the base to the surface of the water and note the time until the echo back from the bottom of the water .

5 . AIS

Automatic Identification System ( AIS ) is a short-range vessel tracking system used on ships and Beach Station to identify and track vessels using electronic data transmission with other ships and shore stations nearest

6 . Map navigation equipment aboard

The third ship navigation tool is a map , the map is the main equipment in the form of two- dimensional cruise ship ( on a plane ) the whole or part of the earth's surface that is projected by comparison / certain scale . or in other words a two -dimensional representation of a three dimensional space . The study of map making is called cartography .

7 . Compass Navigation Vessels

navigation tools that 4th ship is a compass , Compass is a navigational instrument for determining the direction of the ship ship in the form of an arrow pointing magnetic freely align itself with Earth's magnetic field accurately . Compass provide certain reference direction , so it is very helpful in the field of navigation . Designee cardinal directions are north , south , east , and west . When used together with clock and sextant , the compass will be more accurate in showing the direction . This tool helps the development of maritime trade by making travel safer and much more efficient than when humans still based on the position of the stars to determine the direction of the navigation of the ship.

8 . Telegraph communications equipment aboard

ships telegraph communication tool is a machine to send and receive messages on the remote ship . mengunahkan Morse code with gelobang frequency radio , Morse code is a method of transmitting information , using standard delivery of data or voice tone , light to distinguish knock from the dash and dot message sentences , words , letters , numbers and punctuation marks . Morse code can be sent through the whistle , flag , light , and knock Morse .

9 . Sextant .

Used to measure the angle between the two targets of remote optical instruments . It is usually measured by the sun or other celestial objects on the time horizon or horizons with a corner so fast that ship or aircraft latitude and longitude location . Sextant is Newton's principle was first proposed . Sextant with fan shape , its components , including a small telescope , a semi -

reflective mirror translucent mirror fixed horizon , indicators related to the activity index of the mirror reflector .

10.Sonar

Sonar ( originally an acronym for Sound Navigation And Ranging ) is a technique that uses sound propagation ( usually underwater , as in submarine navigation ) to navigate , communicate with or detect objects on or under the surface of the water , such as other vessels . Two types of technology share the name " sonar " : passive sonar is listening for the sound Essentially made by vessels ; active sonar is emitting pulses of sounds and listening for echoes . Sonar may be used as a means of acoustic location and of measurement of the echo characteristics of " targets " in the water .

CHAPTER III

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

3.1 Conclusion

            The conclusion that can be drawn in this paper is , to know the type and function navigation tools are very important , this is because many navigational hazards that may threaten the safety of shipping , and to avoid it required knowledge of navigation tools to determine which tools should be used in the event of a navigational hazard .

            Some functions of the navigation tool on the paper is , the GPS is needed to determine the position of the ship , The radar is used to look at the circumstances surrounding the vessel at a predetermined distance , AIS is used to identify the ship that was approaching our ship , RDF for direction finding of radio waves and can also used as a marker to the fishing vessel .

3.2 Advice

This paper is still far from perfection, and therefore takes criticism and suggestions as inputs for the author to fix any shortcomings that exist in this writing.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Prasetyo Hermawan Putra, Dr. Ir. Aulia S.A, MT, Fitri Adi Iskandarianto , ST, MT.

PERANCANGAN SISTEM NAVIGASI PADA KAPAL (MCST-1 SHIP AUTOPILOT)

UNTUK MENDUKUNG SISTEM AUTOPILOT. Surabaya : ITS.

http://boygile.blogspot.com/2013/01/alat-navigasi-kapal-dan-alat-komunikasi.html.