bagian depan tugas akhir tkj kelas x
DESCRIPTION
Tugas menika minangka syarat kenaikan tingkat kelas XTRANSCRIPT
Laporan Tugas
Akhir semester
genap TKJ kelas X Tahun Ajaran 2012/2013
Nama : Krisna Septiadjie P
Kelas : X TKJ B
No Absen : 19
SMK Negeri 2 Surakarta JL.LU.Adi Sucipto No 33.Telp (0271) 714901,Fax.
727003 Surakarta
ii
Laporan Tugas Akhir ini telah disetujui guna memenuhi kenaikan tingkat Teknik
Komputer Jaringan SMK Negeri 2 Surakarta pada : hari :
tanggal :
Guru Pembimbing
Sutarno,S.Pd,MT
NIP.196702121992031013
iii
Assalamualaikum Wr Wb
Puji Syukur selalu kita panjatkan atas kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena atas
karunia-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan Laporan Tugas Akhir Semester Genap TKJ
Kelas X untuk memenuhi Tugas Akhir Semester Genap.
Pada kesempatan ini saya mengucap terima kasih kepada :
1. Bapak Susanta selaku Kepala Sekolah SMKN 2 Surakarta
2. Bapak Sutarno selaku Guru Teknik Komputer Jaringan kelas X
3. Bapak Sigit Susilo selaku Guru Teknik Komputer Jaringan kelas X
4. Bapak Heri Sudjatmiko selaku Guru Teknik Komputer Jaringan kelas X
5. Kedua Orang Tua yang selalu memberikan dukungan
6. Dan seluruh pihak yang telah membantu yang sanggup saya sebutkan satu persatu.
Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam Laporan ini masih terdapat kekurangan.Oleh karena
itu,penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran demi sempurna laporan ini dan kebaikan
selanjutnya.
Akhir kata,penulis berharap laporan ini dapat bermanfaat bagi pembaca dan siapapun
yang berkepentingan.
Wassalamualaikum Wr Wb
Surakarta,4 April 2013
Penulis
iv
Halaman
1. Halaman Depan............................................................................................ i
2. Pengesahan................................................................................................... ii
3. Kata Pengantar............................................................................................. iii
4. Daftar Isi........................................................................................................ iv
5. Daftar Gambar............................................................................................... viii
6. Daftar Tabel................................................................................................... xi
7. Bab I : KK I - ANALOG dan DIGITAL............................................. 1
1.1 Teori Kelistrikan................................................................................... 1
a. Tegangan.............................................................................................. 1
b. Arus Listrik........................................................................................... 1
c. Power/Tenaga....................................................................................... 1
d. Resistansi/Hambatan............................................................................. 1
1.2 Komponen Elektronika.............................................................................. 2
a. Resistor................................................................................................. 2
Pengertian........................................................................................ 2
Macam-macam atau jenis-jenis Resistor......................................... 2
Simbol-simbol pada Resistor.......................................................... 6
Kode Warna pada Resistor............................................................. 7
b. Kondensator/Kapasitor........................................................................ 8
Pengertian....................................................................................... 8
Macam-Macam dan Bentuk Kondensator...................................... 9
Cara Perhitungan Variabel pada Kondensator............................... 12
1.3 Penggunaan Multimeter/AVO Meter....................................................... 14
Pengertian............................................................................................ 14
Jenis-jenis Avometer/Multimeter dan Bagian Bagiannya................... 14
AVO Meter Analog........................................................................ 15
Bagian AVO Meter Analog....................................................... 15
AVO Meter Digital........................................................................ 17
Bagian AVO Meter Digital....................................................... 18
Cara Menggunakan AVO Meter......................................................... 19
Membaca Skala pada AVO Meter/Multimeter............................... 19
v
a) Untuk posisi range selector pada skala 1000............................. 19
b) Untuk menggunakan skala 250, 50 dan 10................................. 21
Mengukur Resistansi....................................................................... 22
Mengukur Tegangan DC................................................................ 23
Mengukur Tegangan AC............................................................... 25
Mengukur Arus Listrik.................................................................. 26
Mengukur Kondensator................................................................ 27
Mengukur Transistor..................................................................... 27
a. Menguji Transistor Jenis NPN................................................. 28
b. Menguji Transistor Jenis PNP................................................. 28
c. Menguji Transistor Jenis FET.................................................. 28
d. Menguji Transistor Jenis UJT.................................................. 29
8. Bab II : KK II - Setting Ulang dan Perbaikan PC.............................. 30
2.1 POST (Power-On Self-Test).................................................................. 30
2.2 Diagnosa Umum..................................................................................... 33
2.3 Diagnosa Mencari dan Memecahkan Kerusakan.................................. 33
2.4 Troubleshooting Power Supply.............................................................. 34
a. Untuk Jenis TX.................................................................................. 34
b. Untuk Jenis ATX............................................................................... 35
c. Kemungkinan Kerusakan................................................................... 36
d. Prosedur dan Troubleshooting........................................................... 36
e. Rangkuman....................................................................................... 37
2.5 Troubleshooting Motherboard............................................................... 37
a. Permasalahan yang mungkin terjadi................................................. 38
b. Prosedur Diagnosa dan Toubleshooting............................................ 38
c. Rangkuman....................................................................................... 39
9. Bab III : KK III - Perawatan PC.......................................................... 40
3.1 Perawatan Periferal................................................................................ 40
Hard Disk......................................................................................... 41
Pengertian.................................................................................... 41
Komponen Penyusun................................................................... 42
Penyimpanan Data....................................................................... 44
Kapasitas dan Performa............................................................... 44
Cara Memformat Hard Disk........................................................ 45
Cara mempartisi Harddisk dengan Disk Management................ 46
Cara mempartisi Harddisk dengan Easeus Partition................... 51
Floppy Drive..................................................................................... 56
vi
Pengertian Floppy Disk................................................................ 56
Pengertian Floppy Drive.............................................................. 56
Sejarah Floppy Disk..................................................................... 57
Perkembangan Floppy Disk......................................................... 58
Jenis-jenis Floppy Disk................................................................ 58
Komponen Floppy Disk............................................................... 58
Cara Kerja Floppy Drive.............................................................. 59
Cara Memformat Floppy Disk..................................................... 60
CD ROM Drive................................................................................. 61
Pengertian dan Fungsi CD-ROM Drive....................................... 61
Macam-macam CD-ROM Drive.................................................. 61
Komponen pada CD-ROM Drive................................................ 61
Bagian-bagian CD-ROM Drive................................................... 62
DVD ROM Drive............................................................................. 62
Pengertian dan Fungsi DVD-ROM Drive................................... 62
Macam-macam DVD-ROM Drive.............................................. 63
VGA Card......................................................................................... 63
Pengertian VGA Card.................................................................. 63
Bagian-bagian VGA Card............................................................ 64
Jenis-jenis VGA Card.................................................................. 65
Kelemahan dan kelebihan masing-masing VGA Card................ 65
Resolusi Gambar Komputer......................................................... 66
Sound Card....................................................................................... 69
Pengertian Sound Card................................................................ 69
Jenis Sound Card.......................................................................... 69
Bagian-bagian pada Sound Card.................................................. 70
LAN Card......................................................................................... 71
Pengertian LAN Card.................................................................. 71
Jenis-jenis LAN Card................................................................... 71
NIC LAN Card........................................................................ 71
Wireless LAN Card................................................................. 72
Troubleshooting pada LAN Card................................................. 74
3.2 Cara Perawatan Komponen PC.............................................................. 74
vii
Untuk Hard Disk............................................................................... 75
Untuk Floppy Disk........................................................................... 76
Untuk CD ROM Drive & DVD ROM Drive.................................... 76
Untuk VGA Card.............................................................................. 77
Untuk Sound Card............................................................................ 77
Untuk LAN Card.............................................................................. 77
3.3 Tool atau Program untuk Check Komponen......................................... 77
BIOS................................................................................................. 77
Device Manager................................................................................ 78
Disk Defragmenter............................................................................ 78
DirectX............................................................................................. 78
Scandisk............................................................................................ 78
Task Manager.................................................................................... 78
3.4 Tindakan Korektif.................................................................................. 79
10. Penutup ............................................................................................... 81
A. Kesimpulan............................................................................................ 81
B. Kritik & Saran....................................................................................... 81
11. Daftar Pustaka..................................................................................... 85
viii
Halaman
1. Gambar 1.1 Resistor Kawat......................................................................... 3
2. Gambar 1.2 Resistor Karbon....................................................................... 3
3. Gambar 1.3 Resistor Keramik..................................................................... 3
4. Gambar 1.4 Resistor Film Karbon.............................................................. 3
5. Gambar 1.5 Resistor Film Metal................................................................. 4
6. Gambar 1.6 Potensiometer.......................................................................... 4
7. Gambar 1.7 Potensiometer Geser................................................................ 5
8. Gambar 1.8 Trimpot.................................................................................... 5
9. Gambar 1.9 NTC & PTC Resistor.............................................................. 6
10. Gambar 1.10 LDR...................................................................................... 6
11. Gambar 1.11 Resistor Peka Suhu(NTC & PTC) dan Peka Cahaya (LDR)
beserta simbolnya...................................................................................... 7
12. Gambar 1.12 Identifikasi Empat Pita........................................................ 8
13. Gambar 1.13 Macam Kondensator........................................................... 9
14. Gambar 1.14 Kapasitor Nonpolar............................................................. 9
15. Gambar 1.15 Kapasitor Polar.................................................................... 9
16. Gambar 1.16 Kondenstor Varco............................................................... 10
17. Gambar 1.17 Kondenstor Trimer.............................................................. 10
18. Gambar 1.18 Kapasitor Keramik............................................................. 10
19. Gambar 1.19 Kapasitor Tantalum............................................................ 10
20. Gambar 1.20 Kapasitor Inti Udara........................................................... 10
21. Gambar 1.21 Kapasitor Elektrolit............................................................ 11
22. Gambar 1.22 Kapasitor Kertas................................................................. 11
23. Gambar 1.23 Kapasitor Mika................................................................... 11
24. Gambar 1.24 Kapasitor Polyester............................................................ 11
25. Gambar 1.25 Avometer/Multimeter/Multitester...................................... 14
26. Gambar 1.26 Avometer Analog............................................................... 15
27. Gambar 1.27 Bagian-Bagian Avometer Analog...................................... 15
28. Gambar 1.28 Avometer Digital............................................................... 17
29. Gambar 1.29 Bagian-Bagian Avometer Digital...................................... 18
30. Gambar 1.30 Membaca Skala AVO Meter.............................................. 19
31. Gambar 1.31 Contoh I Penunjukan Skala Pengukuran Tegangan Range
selector 1000............................................................................................ 20
32. Gambar 1.32 Contoh II Penunjukan Skala Pengukuran Tegangan Range
selector 1000............................................................................................. 20
33. Gambar 1.33 Skala Pengukuran Tegangan Range selector 250,50,10..... 21
34. Gambar 1.34 Contoh I Penunjukan Skala Pengukuran Tegangan Range
selector 250.50,10..................................................................................... 21
35. Gambar 1.35 Contoh II Penunjukan Skala Pengukuran Tegangan Range
selector 250.50,10..................................................................................... 22
ix
36. Gambar 1.36 Contoh III Penunjukan Skala Pengukuran Tegangan Range
selector 250.50,10...................................................................................... 22
37. Gambar 1.37 Cara mengukur Resistor....................................................... 23
38. Gambar 1.38 Cara mengukur tegangan DC.............................................. 23
39. Gambar 1.39 Contoh Penunjukan Skala Pengukuran Tegangan DC........ 24
40. Gambar 1.40 Pemilihan Batas Ukur Tegangan AC.................................. 25
41. Gambar 1.41 Menghubungkan Probe Avometer dengan Stop Kontak.... 26
42. Gambar 1.42 Penunjukan Jarum Pengukuran Tegangan AC................... 26
43. Gambar 1.43 Pemilihan Batas Ukur Tegangan DcmA............................ 27
44. Gambar 1.44 Cara Menguji Kondensator................................................ 27
45. Gambar 1.45 Cara Menguji transistor...................................................... 28
46. Gambar 1.46 Menguji Transistor Jenis FET............................................ 29
47. Gambar 1.47 Menguji Transistor Jenis UJT............................................ 29
48. Gambar 2.1 Power Supply Jenis TX........................................................ 34
49. Gambar 2.2 Power Supply Jenis ATX..................................................... 35
50. Gambar 2.3 Diagram Alir Mencari Kerusakan Power Supply................. 37
51. Gambar 3.1 Hard Disk............................................................................. 41
52. Gambar 3.2 Bagian-bagian Harddisk....................................................... 42
53. Gambar 3.3 Disk Management................................................................. 46
54. Gambar 3.4 Pemilihan Drive yang belum dipartisi................................. 47
55. Gambar 3.5 New Simple Volume Wizard............................................... 47
56. Gambar 3.6 Contoh kapasitas Maximum Disk Space............................. 48
57. Gambar 3.7 Membagi nilai maximum kapasitas harddisk...................... 48
58. Gambar 3.8 Format Partition................................................................... 49
59. Gambar 3.9 Assign Driver Letter or Path................................................ 49
60. Gambar 3.10 Finishing The New Simple Volume Wizard...................... 49
61. Gambar 3.11 Partition I........................................................................... 50
62. Gambar 3.12 New Simple Volume untuk mempartisi harddisk bagian
kedua........................................................................................................ 50
63. Gambar 3.13 Partition II.......................................................................... 50
64. Gambar 3.14 Tampilan utama EASEUS Partition Master....................... 51
65. Gambar 3.15 Tampilan Mainscreen EASEUS Partition Master.............. 51
66. Gambar 3.16 Langkah Mempartisi Harddisk dengan EASEUS Partition
Master...................................................................................................... 52
67. Gambar 3.17 Resize/Move partition........................................................ 52
68. Gambar 3.18 Menentukan Ukuran Partisi Awal...................................... 53
69. Gambar 3.19 Tampilan Utama Setelah Menentukan
Ukuran Partisi Awal................................................................................. 53
70. Gambar 3.20 Screenshot Create Partition................................................ 54
71. Gambar 3.21 Toolbar EASEUS Partition Master.................................... 54
72. Gambar 3.22 Screenshot Apply Changes EASEUS Partition Master..... 55
73. Gambar 3.23 Finishing EASEUS Partition Master................................. 55
74. Gambar 3.24 Floppy Disk........................................................................ 55
x
75. Gambar 3.25 Floppy Drive...................................................................... 56
76. Gambar 3.26 Bagian-bagian Floppy Drive.............................................. 57
77. Gambar 3.27 Komponen Floppy Disk..................................................... 58
78. Gambar 3.28 CD ROM Drive.................................................................. 61
79. Gambar 3.29 DVD ROM Drive............................................................... 62
80. Gambar 3.30 VGA Card.......................................................................... 63
81. Gambar 3.31 Bagian-bagian VGA Card.................................................. 64
82. Gambar 3.32 VGA Card Soket DB-15 VGA out..................................... 67
83. Gambar 3.33 Sound Card On Board........................................................ 69
84. Gambar 3.34 Sound Card PCI/Add On................................................... 69
85. Gambar 3.35 Bagian-bagian Sound Card................................................ 70
86. Gambar 3.36 LAN Card........................................................................... 71
87. Gambar 3.37 LAN Card (NIC)................................................................ 71
88. Gambar 3.38 Wireless LAN Card............................................................ 73
89. Gambar 3.39 Scan Disk........................................................................... 75
90. Gambar 3.40 Disk Defragmenter............................................................. 76
xi
Halaman
1. Tabel 1.1 Jenis-jenis Resistor.................................................................... 2
2. Tabel 1.2 Macam-macam Resistor Tetap.................................................. 3
3. Tabel 1.3 Macam-macam Resistor Variabel............................................. 4
4. Tabel 1.4 Simbol-simbol pada Resistor.................................................... 6
5. Tabel 1.5 Macam dan simbol Kapasitor Polar.......................................... 9
6. Tabel 1.6 Macam-macam Kondensator berdasarkan Dielektrikum.......... 10
7. Tabel 1.7 Penjelasan beberapa Kapasitor Berdasarkan Dielektrikum...... 11
8. Tabel 1.8 Nilai Dielektrikum.................................................................... 12
9. Tabel 2.1 Kode Suara Kesalahan............................................................. 32
10. Tabel 2.2 Kode Beep pada BIOS AMI.................................................... 32
11. Tabel 2.3 Kode Beep Award BIOS......................................................... 32
12. Tabel 2.4 IBM BIOS............................................................................... 33
13. Tabel 2.5 Kode Pesan Kesalahan............................................................. 33
14. Tabel 2.6 Tegangan pada Power Supply TX........................................... 34
15. Tabel 2.7 Tegangan Output Power Supply Jenis ATX............................ 35
16. Tabel 3.1 Jenis,Kapasitas,Kapasitas Range & Pembuat Floppy Disk..... 58
17. Tabel 3.2 Perkembangan resolusi gambar komputer............................... 66
18. Tabel 3.3 Koneksi 15 pin soket VGA....................................................... 67
19. Tabel 3.4 Perkembangan interface VGA pada motherboard................... 68
20. Tabel 3.5 Contoh Logsheet...................................................................... 80