aplikasi.pdf

September 4-6, 2013 Yeosu, Korea

Youn Jumin

The Status of DME (dimethyl ether) Fuel in KOREA

Korea Petroleum Quality & Distribution Authority

Korea Petroleum Quality and Distribution Authority

1. Overview of DME

2. DME project in KOREA

3. DME Standardization

4. Future works

- DME and DME-LPG blends standards

- DME test method (GC)

2/20


• The first commercialization of DME in the world

• The largest DME Market

• 79 DME manufacturer, capacity: 10 million ton

• Niigata DME plant (80 kton/y)

• 100,000 km field test of medium-duty DME vehicle (ISUZU)

• JIS for DME fuel were published this year

• Demonstration of DME-LPG blends for domestic use

• Demonstration of DME vehicle for transportation fuel

• Draft of Korean standards and regulations are preparing

3/20


Properties of DME

The simplest ether, CH3OCH3

Non-toxic, clean and colorless gas that is easy to liquefy and transport

Physical properties similar to those of LPG (i.e., propane and butane)

Properties DME LPG

Boiling point (°C) -25 -0.5

Vapor pressure (kPa) 530 520

Liquid density (kg/m3) 667 540

Lower heating value (MJ/kg) 28.8 46.0

advantage disadvantage

• Easy to storage, charging, transport

• Not harmful to the ozone layer

• High cetane number (55-60)

• Low emission, no PM, no, soot

• Ultra clean combustion

• Low heating value

• Low viscosity, low lubricity

• Rubber (seal materials) corrosion

Characteristics

4/20


Natural gas

Conversion Syn gas (CO, H2)

Methanol

DME

DME

Two step process

Coal

Biomass

Methanol dehydration

1 reactor

Methanol synthesis

Production Process

One step process

sources

5/20


Aerosol propellant Chemical intermediate DME

Olefins, H2

6/20

http://cfs15.tistory.com/original/33/tistory/2009/03/14/14/56/49bb4712a7f2c


Daeheung Industrial (Ulsan)

3,000 ton/yr DME production from methanol

Almost produced DME are used as industrial application, propellant in various aerosol products

and chemical intermediate

KOGAS (Incheon LNG terminal)

10 ton/day DME demo plant

Launch in 2004, run in 2008

DME Production from direct synthesis of natural gas

KOGAS direct DME process

Process development stage 10 Metric ton/day demonstration plant

Process type One step

Number of reaction steps 2 (reformer → DME)

Tolerance for high CO2 in NG feed Up to 20 mol% CO2

Reforming Tri-reformer → utilize high CO2 NG feed

DME production Single step from syngas to DME

7/20


An enforcement ordinance of Petroleum and Petroleum Substitute Fuel Business Act

Article No.5 (Kinds of Alternative Fuels)

Biodiesel Bioethanol CTL Emulsified Fuel Biogas Orimulsion

(Bitumen) GTL

• Feasibility study, 2006-2008

DME

• Commercialization in 2006

• 2-5 vol% Blending at diesel fuel

• R&D

• Commercialization, but not use

• Demonstration test

8/20


DME manufacturing technology development

Lab scale (2000~2003)

50 kg/day DME pilot plant (2003~2005)

10 ton/day DME demo plant (2004~2009)

Feasibility study of DME/LPG blends

(2007.12~2009.09)

A study on the safety of gas appliances and facilities

applying to DME-LPG blends

Safety assessment of storage and refueling facilities of

DME-LPG blends

Quality test of DME-LPG blends for transportation use

KOGAS DME demo plant

K-Petro DME-LPG filling station

9/20


Demonstrative test for LPG blending (2009.12~2011.11)

Test of business model supplying DME-LPG to apply at household and commercial facilities

Supplying for 4 LPG station and 400 house in the whole country

60,000 km field test of LPG vehicles using DME-LPG blend (5% DME/ 95% LPG)

Assessment for safety of LPG station (household and commercial use) to apply DME-LPG

Preparation of quality and safety standards for DME-LPG blends

DME-LPG supply demonstration in KOREA (Source: W.J. Cho, November 2011, 7th Asian DME Conference, Japan)

10/20


Heavy duty DME engine and vehicle (2003~)

KIER (Korea Institute of Energy Research)

Development of DME bus and truck with KOGAS and SK

Common-rail DME vehicle (2008~)

KATECH (Korea Automotive Technology Institute)

Development of Common-rail DME engine and vehicle

DME fuel supply system, high pressure pump and injector for DME fuel

11/20


Project overview

Title : The Development of technologies to demonstrate environment-friendly DME

Project partner : KATECH, KOGAS, KGS, K-Petro, Ulsan University, Korea National University of

Transportation

Period : 2012.11 ~ 2015.10 (3 years)

Object

Development of common-rail DME vehicle for meeting EURO-5 requirements

120,000 km field test of DME vehicle

Construction and operation of DME filling station in Choongju city

Preparation of DME regulations and standards for transportation fuel as diesel substitute

DME production (KOGAS demo plant)

DME filling station (Choongju city)

Field test of DME vehicle

Quality test of DME

Preparation of safety regulation

Performance test (emission…)

12/20


DME Specifications

Specification of DME-LPG blends for household and domestic use

Specification of DME-LPG blends for transportation fuel (LPG vehicle)

Specification of DME for transportation fuel (diesel vehicle)

Development of DME test method (by GC)

Refrigerated non-petroleum based liquefied gas fuel – Dimethyl ether (DME) – Determination of

Purity and impurities by gas chromatography (GC)

Test method for the determination of hydrocarbons and dimethyl ether (DME) in liquefied

petroleum gases (LPG) and LPG-DME mixtures by gas chromatography (GC)

International and regional standards are necessary for DME fuel market - quality control - international trading and distributing

13/20


Item

LPG fuel spec. (in Korea1)) Draft for DME-LPG blends

LPG No. 1 (for domestic)

LPG No. 2 (for automotive fuel) LPG No. 1

(for domestic)

LPG No. 2 (for automotive fuel)

summer Winter2) summer winter

Composition (mol%)

C3 Hydrocarbon >90 ≤10 25~35 >75 ≤10 25~35

C4 Hydrocarbon - ≥85 ≥60 - ≥80 ≥55

DME - - - ≤19.3 ≤5 ≤5

Butadiene ≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤0.5 ≤13) ≤0.5 ≤0.5

Sulfur4) (mg/kg) ≤40 ≤40 ≤40 ≤40

Vapor pressure (40 °C, MPa) ≤1.53 ≤1.27 ≤1.43 ≤1.27

Density (15 °C, kg/m3) - 500~620 - 500~620

Residue (mL) ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.05

Copper corrosion (40 °C, 1 h) No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 No. 1

Water pass - ≤0.04 wt% -

1. Petroleum and Petroleum Substitute Fuel Business Act, Safety Control and Business of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Act 2. From November to March 3. Including butadiene as well as other hydrocarbons (methanol, CO2, methyl formate etc.) 4. After adding odorant

14/20


Characteristics Unit Limit ISO* JIS ASTM (draft) Korea (draft)

DME purity wt% Min. 98.5 이상 99.0 98.5 99.0

Methanol wt% Max. 0.050 1.0 0.050 0.02

Water wt% Max. 0.030 1.0 0.030 0.1

Hydrocarbons (up to C4) wt% Max. 1.00 - - 0.5

CO2 wt% Max. 0.10 0.10 - 0.1

CO wt% Max. 0.010 - - -

Methyl formate wt% Max. 0.050 0.01 Report 0.01

Ethyl methyl ether wt% Max. 0.20 - -

Residue after evaporation wt% Max. 0.0070 - 0.05 0.002

Residue Oil strain - - - - Pass -

Sulfur mg/kg Max. 3.0 Not detected 3.0 10

Vapor pressure (40 °C) kPa Max. - 1,050 1,434 -

Copper corrosion (37.8 °C) - Max. - - No.1 No.1

* Draft of DME specification standard ISO TC28/SC4/WG13

15/20


DME Specifications

Specification of DME-LPG blends for household and domestic use

Specification of DME-LPG blends for transportation fuel (LPG vehicle)

Specification of DME for transportation fuel (diesel vehicle)

Development of DME test method (by GC)

Refrigerated non-petroleum based liquefied gas fuel – Dimethyl ether (DME) – Determination of

Purity and impurities by gas chromatography (GC)

Test method for the determination of hydrocarbons and dimethyl ether (DME) in liquefied

petroleum gases (LPG) and LPG-DME mixtures by gas chromatography (GC)

International and regional standards are necessary for DME fuel market - quality control - international trading and distributing

16/20

Korea Petroleum Quality and Distribution Authority 17/20

GC Flow diagram for analyzing DME-LPG blends

* Manufactured and designed by AC (Analytical Controls) in the Netherland

0

500

1000

1500

2000

0 2 4 6 8 100

50

100

150

(b) FID 2

1,3-

buta

dien

en-

pent

ane

isope

ntan

ec-

2-bu

tene

isobu

tyle

ne1-

bute

net-2

-but

ene

n-bu

tane

isobu

tane

prop

ylene

cyclo

prop

ane

prop

ane

ethy

lene

etha

ne

(a) FID 1

DME

Resp

onse

(pA)

Retention time (min)

GC chromatogram of DME-LPG blends


GC Flow diagram for analyzing DME-LPG impurities

* Manufactured and designed by AC (Analytical Controls) in the Netherland

min2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

pA

0

250

500

750

1000

FID1 A, Front Signal (120104\SIG2000003.D)

1.9

52

- C

O

2.9

92

- M

eth

an

e (

V1

)

5.2

37

19

.83

5

min2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

pA

0

250

500

750

1000

FID2 B, Back Signal (120104\SIG2000003.D)

1.3

62

2.0

64

2.2

63 4

.93

7

5.5

54

5.7

45

8.2

80 1

0.1

20

10

.25

7

12

.77

0

14

.57

0

TCD3 C A Si l (120104\SIG2000003 D)

GC chromatogram of DME-LPG blends

CH4 CO2

CH4 DME MeOH

EME

MF


DME business of KOGAS

DME production plant construction from small-to-medium size gas fields

Planning to apply for diesel substitute or fuel for power generation rather than LPG blend stock

To Optimize DME engine system

Development/choice of lubricant improver for DME engine

Removal of deposit formation in the nozzle

Durability of high pressure pump for DME

Regulation and standardization

Establishment of DME specifications and test method

Guidelines on safety practices for DME storage, handling and filling etc.

Government policies

Regulations on DME production, imports and distribution

Pricing, taxation, quality control

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