ANALISA KEAUSAN DAN SISA UMUR PIPA TAILING BAWAH LAUT

JENIS HDPE 44 INCH H10 EASTERN

PT AMMAN MINERAL NUSA TENGGARA

TUGAS AKHIR

Diajukan Kepada

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Akademik Dalam Menyelesaikan

Program Sarjana Teknik (S1)

Disusun Oleh :

RIFKI KHAIRUL IMAN

201310120311011

JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2018

KATA PENGANTAR

Segala puji bagi Allah SWT atas segala rahmat dan karunia yang di berikan-

Nya dalam penyelesaian Skripsi ini yang berjudul : “Analisa Keausan dan Sisa

Umur Pipa Tailing Bawah Laut Jenis HDPE 44 Inch H10 Eastern PT Amman

Mineral Nusa Tenggara”. Penulisan skripsi ini diajukan untuk memenuhi salah

satu syarat untuk mendapatkan gelar pada Jurusan Teknik Mesin Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang. Penyusun mendapat banyak bantuan baik berupa

bimbingan dan kritikan sehingga dengan rasa syukur, penyusun mengucapkan

terimah kasih kepada:

1. Allah SWT, karena atas izin dan kehendak-Nya, tugas akhir ini dapat

terselesaikan

2. Bapak Ir. Daryono MT, dan bapak Dr. Nur Subeki ST, MT, selaku dosen

pembimbing akademik Tugas Akhir.

3. Bapak Murjito, ST., MT selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik Mesin yang telah

mengarahkan pencapaian tugas akhir ini.

4. Bapak Ahdiat Amril selaku Manager Social Responsibility Planning &

Development dan sponsor penulis untuk diterima Penelitian Tugas Akhir di PT.

Amman Mineral Nusa Tengara.

5. Bapak Mohammad Ramadhani selaku pembimbing dan General Supervisor

Reliability Engineering PT. Amman Mineral Nusa Tenggara.

6. Bapak I Gede Adhyatmika selaku pembimbing perusahaan dalam penelitian

Tugas Akhir yang telah memberikan kritikan dan mengajarkan ilmunya kepada

penulis.

7. Seluruh staff dan crew Reliability, Dacon Inspection dan Duta Anugrah Teknik.

Akhirnya penyusun menyadari bahwa masih banyak kekurang. Semoga skripsi ini

dapat bermanfaat bagi pembaca dan semua pihak khususnya dalam Bidang Teknik

Mesin.

Terima kasih.

Penulis

Rifki Khairul Iman

DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR JUDUL ................................................................................................... i

POSTER ................................................................................................................. ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ..................................................................................iii

LEMBAR KONSULTASI / ASISTENSI ............................................................ iv

LEMBAR SURAT PERNYATAAN TIDAK PLAGIAT .................................. vi

ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................ vii

ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................viii

KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................... x

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... xiv

DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ xv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang ................................................................................................ 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................................... 3

1.3 Tujuan Penulisan ........................................................................................... 4

1.4 Manfaat Penulisan ......................................................................................... 4

1.5 Batasan Masalah ............................................................................................ 5

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

2.1 Sistem Perpipaan ............................................................................................ 6

2.1.1 Pipa .......................................................................................................... 9

2.1.2 Pipa HDPE ............................................................................................. 11

2.1.2.1 Inspeksi & Pengujian Pipa Polyethylene (PE) ............................... 16

2.1.2.2 Spesifikasi Standar & Kode Pipa Polyethylene (PE) ..................... 17

2.2 Pigging ........................................................................................................ 20

2.2.1 Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) ............................................................. 24

2.2.2 Ultrasonic (UT) .................................................................................... 25

2.3 Conditioning Monitoring (CoMo) ............................................................... 27

2.3.1 NDT Metode Pada Inside Crack ........................................................... 27

2.3.1.1 Radiography Test .......................................................................... 27

2.3.1.2 Ultrasonic Test .............................................................................. 29

2.3.1.3 Accustic Emmision ........................................................................ 31

2.3.2 NDT Metode Pada Surface Crack ........................................................ 33

2.3.2.1 Visual Inspection Optical .............................................................. 33

2.3.2.2 Liquid Penetrant ........................................................................... 33

2.3.2.3 Megnetic Particles ........................................................................ 34

2.3.2.3 Megnetic Particles ........................................................................ 35

2.4 Fluida ........................................................................................................... 36

2.4.1 Sifat-Sifat Fluida .................................................................................... 36

2.4.2 Hukum Kontinuitas ............................................................................... 39

2.4.2.1 Persamaan Kontinuitas untuk Fluida Incompressible ................... 40

2.4.2.2 Persamaan Kontinuitas untuk Fluida Compressible ..................... 41

2.4.3 Hukum Bernoulli .................................................................................. 42

2.4.4 Bilangan Reynolds ................................................................................ 43

2.4.2 2.4.5 Persamaan Darcy - Weisbach ...................................................... 47

2.5 Keausan ....................................................................................................... 49

2.5.1 Keausan Adhesive ................................................................................. 50

2.5.2 Keausan Abrasive .................................................................................. 51

2.5.3 Keausan Lelah ....................................................................................... 53

2.5.4 Keausan Oksidasi .................................................................................. 53

2.5.5 Keausan Erosi ....................................................................................... 54

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN

3.1 Metode Penelitian ........................................................................................ 56

3.2 Alat & Data Penelitian ................................................................................. 56

3.3 Waktu & Tempat Penelitian ........................................................................ 57

3.4 Tahap-tahap Penelitian ................................................................................ 57

3.5 Flowchart ..................................................................................................... 58

BAB IV ANALISA DATA & PEMBAHASAN

4.1 Data .............................................................................................................. 59

4.1.1 Data Spesifikasi Pipa Tailing Off-shore ............................................... 59

4.1.2 Data Elevasi Pipa Tailing Off-shore ..................................................... 61

4.1.3 Data In Line Inspection (ILI) Tiga Periode ........................................... 62

4.1.4 Data Proses Produksi (Manufacturing Database) ................................ 64

4.2 Perhitungan .................................................................................................. 65

4.2.1 Flowchart Perhitungan .......................................................................... 65

4.2.2 Perhitungan Diameter Dalam Pipa (ID) ................................................. 66

4.2.3 Perhitungan Luasan Pipa (A) ................................................................. 67

4.2.4 Perhitungan Kecepatan Aliran Tailing (Velocity) .................................. 68

4.2.5 Perhitungan Laju Keausan pada Pipa (Off-shore) ................................. 70

4.2.6 Perhitungan Sisa Umur Pipa ................................................................. 71

4.2.7 Perhitungan Aliran Pada Pipa ............................................................... 72

4.3 Pembahasan ................................................................................................. 74

4.3.1 Laju Keausan pipa ................................................................................ 74

4.3.2 Pengaruh Elevasi terhadap Keausan Pipa ............................................. 75

4.3.3 Pengaruh Elevasi terhadap Kecepatan Aliran Tailing .......................... 76

BAB V KESIMPULAN

5.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................. 77

5.2 Saran ............................................................................................................ 77

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

LAMPIRAN

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Tingkat kepadatan pipa HDPE............................................................17

Tabel 2.2 Sistem Klasifikasi Sel dari ASTM D 3350 .........................................24

Tabel 2.3 Kode Huruf ASTM D3350 .................................................................25

Tabel 4.1 Spesifikasi pipa pipa Tailing laut jenis HDPE....................................70

Tabel 4.2 Diameter dalam pipa ...........................................................................71

Tabel 4.3 Nilai Elevasi ........................................................................................73

Tabel 4.4 Data ILI tiga periode inspeksi .............................................................75

Tabel 4.5 Data pabrik produksi ...........................................................................76

Tabel 4.6 Data perhitungan Inside Diameter (ID) ..............................................79

Tabel 4.7 Data perhitungan Luasan Pipa ............................................................81

Tabel 4.8 Data perhitungan Velocity ...................................................................83

Tabel 4.9 Data hasil inspeksi tiga periode .........................................................83

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Jaringan Pipa (Pipeline) tailing PT AMNT.....................................12

Gambar 2.2 Komponen-komponen Pipa.............................................................14

Gambar 2.3 Polimerisasi HDPE..........................................................................15

Gambar 2.4 Struktur Rantai PE...........................................................................18

Gambar 2.5 Berat Molekul..................................................................................19

Gambar 2.6 Distribusi Berat Molekul. ................................................................20

Gambar 2.7 PIG ILI PT. AMNT .........................................................................26

Gambar 2.8 Magnetic Flux Leakage ...................................................................30

Gambar 2.9 Prinsip Ultrasonik............................................................................31

Gambar 2.10 Bentuk Alat Uji Radiography Test ................................................34

Gambar 2.11 Prinsip Kerja Radiography Test ....................................................35

Gambar 2.12 Ultrasonic Flaw Detector ..............................................................36

Gambar 2.13 Prinsip Kerja Ultrasonic Flaw Detector ........................................36

Gambar 2.14 Skema AE (Accustic Emmision) ..................................................38

Gambar 2.15 Inspeksi Visual ..............................................................................39

Gambar 2.16 Liquid Penetrant ............................................................................40

Gambar 2.17 Partikel Magnetik ..........................................................................41

Gambar 2.18 Arus Eddy......................................................................................41

Gambar 2.19 Kontinuitas ....................................................................................46

Gambar 2.20 Tabung Bernoulli...........................................................................50

Gambar 2.21 Jenis Aliran Fluida ........................................................................55

Gambar 2.22 Diagram Moody ............................................................................57

Gambar 2.23 Adhesive Wear ..............................................................................60

Gambar 2.24 Abrasive Wear...............................................................................62

Gambar 2.25 Surface Fatique wear .....................................................................63

Gambar 2.26 Tribo Chemical wear .....................................................................64

Gambar 3.1 Flowchart.........................................................................................69

Gambar 4.1 Elevasi Pipa HDPE didasar Teluk Senunu......................................72

Gambar 4.2 Ujung Pipa & Pemberat Beton Pada Pipa .......................................74

Gambar 4.3 Flowchart Perhitungan ....................................................................77

Gambar 4.4 Laju Keausan Tiga Periode Inspeksi ...............................................87

Gambar 4.5 Pengaruh Elevasi Terhadap Keausan ..............................................89

Gambar 4.6 Pengaruh Elevasi Terhadap Kecepatan Aliran Tailing ...................90

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