review keberlanjutan sistem mega-urban menuju sinergi dan keterpaduan pembangunan kawasan...
Post on 02-Jun-2018
229 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
1/98
Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban
menuju
SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN
PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN
JABODETABEKPUNJUR
Ernan RustiadiP4W IPB
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
2/98
Topik yang diharapkan
(1) Pengelolaan wilayah hulu dan hilir kawasan
perkotaan jabodetbekpunjur
(2) Rencana penataan ruang Kawasan Perkotaan
Jabodetabekpunjur
(3) Rencana pengembangan kawasan
permukiman di kawasan perkotaan
jabodetabekpunjur
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
3/98
Background
Three Global major problems (Beatley, 2000):
(1) the increase in food demand
(2) population growth and
(3) environmental degradation
Cities and urban areas are viewed as one triggerof the problems (OECD, 2010).
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
4/98
Mega Urban concepts
megalopolis (Gottman 1961)
extended metropolitan region (McGee 1991)
mega urban regions (McGee 1995) world cities (Hall 1966; Friedmann 1986; Sassen 1994; Jones
and Douglass 2008)
global city-regions (Scott 2001)
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
5/98
Megacities: The Impacts
Mega urbanization impact on environment is
significant due to their rapid growth, high
population densities and high consumption
rate of their residents
Significantly affect the future prosperity and
sustainability of the world.
key issue: Sustainable mega-urban
expansion in developing countries
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
6/98
Spatial Pattern of Urban Expansion
concentric shape
polycentric shape
leapfroging sprawl
conurbation along transportation corridors.
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
7/98
Asian Mega Urbanization(McGee and others)
continuing outward expansion of extendedmetropolitan regions extends beyond cityadministrative boundaries.
No clear distinction between rural and urban
Blurred distinction between rural and urban Mixed land uses: agricultural & non-agricultural
lands take place side by side in suburban areas
region-based urbanization in East Asia and Southeast
Asia are often located in wet-rice production areas(Ginsburg et al. 1991)
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
8/98
Megacities: The Impacts
Mega urbanization impact on environment is
significant due to their rapid growth, high
population densities and high consumption
rate of their residents
Significantly affect the future prosperity and
sustainability of the world.
key issue: Sustainable mega-urban
expansion in developing countries
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
9/98
Global Urbanizaton
More than half of the worlds population now
lives in urban.
The United Nations (UN) expected that by
2050 about 66% of the worlds population willlive in cities (UN 2014).
Rapid urbanization in Asian developing
countries have been followed by excessive ofthe urban population concentration in verylarge urban agglomerations (megacities).
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
10/98
Megacities (UN 2014)
A metropolitan area (urban agglomeration) with > 10
million inhabitants.
Number of Megacities in the world:
1990: 10 (153 million, 7% urban population)
2014: 28 (453 million, 12% urban population)
2030: 41 megacities
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
11/98
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
12/98
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
13/98
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
14/98
Percentage urban and location of urban agglomerations
with at least 500,000 inhabitants, 2014
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
15/98
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
16/98
Global urban population growth is propelled by
the growth of cities of all sizes
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
17/98
Population distribution by city size
varies across major areas in 2014
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
18/98
RIHN Report (2014)
Kyoushu kankyou ruigatakara Megacity nogurobaru na renkan todoutai wo toraeru
From living environmentpoint of view tocapture globalmegacities dynamics
and cycles
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
19/98
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
20/98
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
21/98
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
22/98
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
23/98
(Nama of city) (Population in urban area)
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
24/98
(Nama of city) (Population in urban area)
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
25/98
Relation between population and population density
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
26/98
Relation between population and urban area
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
27/98
Population size rank, population, urban area,
population density, etc
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
28/98
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
29/98
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
30/98
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
31/98
List of 18 megacities
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
32/98
Kawasan Megacity Jakarta
danPiramida kependudukan 2011
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
33/98
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
34/98
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
35/98
Jakarta Megacity
(Greater Jakarta = Jabodetabek)
Largest megacity in South East Asia
seems to be underestimated, either by globalinstitutions (eg. UN) as well as by Indonesiainstitutions
UN (2014): Jakarta Megacitys population =10.2 million
RIHN (2014): Jakarta megacity as 2nd largestmegacity in the world with 27 millionsinhabitatns in 2010
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
36/98
POPULATION
Population
(perso
n)
1961 1971 1981 1991 2000 2010
Jakarta 2.906.533 4.576.009 6.555.954 7.108.359 8.385.639 8.502.818
Botabek 3.011.455 3.762.068 5.543.986 9.425.983 12.814.688 18.253.144
Jabotabek 5.917.988 8.338.077 12.099.940 16.534.342 21.200.327 26.755.962
Indonesia 97.085.600 119.208.200 151.314.600 182.940.100 203.456.005 237.641.326
-
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
30,000,000
1961 1971 1981 1991 2000 2010
Jakarta
Botabek
Jabotabek
Jakarta City
Bodetabek
Jabodetabek
A slowdown due
Asian Economic crisis
in 1997
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
37/98
Population Growth Rates
1961-1971 1971-1981 1981-1991 1991-2000 2000-2010
Jakarta 57,44 43,27 8,43 17,97 1,40
Botabek 24,93 47,37 70,02 35,95 42,44
Jabotabek 40,89 45,12 36,65 28,22 26,21
Indonesia 22,79 26,93 20,90 11,21 16,80
-
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
1961-1971 1971-1981 1981-1991 1991-2000 2000-2010
Jakarta
Botabek
Jabotabek
Indonesia
The highest
population growthrate of Jakarta City The peak ofsuburbanization
growth rate
(Bodetabek)
Re-suburbanization
?A slowdown due
Asian Economic
crisis since 1997
Population Share of Jabodetabek to National
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
38/98
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
Percentage(%)
1961 1971 1981 1991 2000 2004 2008 2010Year
Jakarta (I)
Botabek (II)
Jabotabek (I+II)
Population Share of Jabodetabek to NationalPopulation (%) 1961-2010
A slowdown due
Asian Economic crisis
in 1997
Peran PDRB sektor Industri Pengolahan terhadap pembentukan Total PDRB
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
39/98
Otokorelasi
Spasial Lokal(Kekuatan keterkaitan (Ii,l )
)
Kondisi
Eksisiting(Nilai Riil PDRB
(Xi,l) )
Model GWR(Koefisieni,l )
Perluasan interaksi spasial ekonomi
Pulau Jawa yang ditunjukkan dari nilai
koefisiennya justru di luar wilayah-
wilayah yang secara aktual merupakan
basis industri.Sektor ini menunjukkkan
kekuatan yang cukup signifikan di
bagian tengah/sebagian besar Jateng
hingga ke DIY terhadap pertumbuhan
total PDRB baik terhadap wilayahnya
sendiri maupun terhadap total PDRBPulau Jawa
Kuat keterkaitannyadi dalam kelompok
wilayahnya lemah
terhadap wilayah
lainnya
Kota-kota besar seperti:
Jakarta, Bogor, Depok
Tangerang (Jabodetabek),
Bandung dan sekitarnya,
Semarang, Surabaya dan
sekitarnya
Peran PDRB sektor Perdagangan, Hotel dan Restoran terhadap pembentukan Total PDRB
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
40/98
Perluasan sektor
perdagangan, hotel danrestauran di wilayahsekitar Jabodetabek-Bandung, bagian baratJawa Tengah, danbeberapa wilayah dibagian barat dan selatan
Jawa Timur
Kondisi Eksisiting
(Nilai Riil PDRB (Xi,l) )
Model
GWR
(Koefisien
i,l )
Otokorelasi
Spasial Lokal
(Kekuatan keterkaitan
(Ii,l ) )
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
41/98
Land Cover Change in Jabodetabek 1972-2012
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
A
rea(Hectare)
Year
Built Up Paddy Field
Dry Land (Agriculture Non Paddy Field) Water Body
Forest
Decay Function model (Urban Sprawl Model) of Jabodetabek
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
42/98
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Jarak ke Monas (Km )
ProporsiRua
ngTerbangun
Tahun 1972
Tahun 1983Tahun 1992
Tahun 2000
Tahun 2005
ecay u c o ode (U ba Sp a ode ) o abode abe
RTB (i, t) = RTB (o, t) exp (abxi)
Average position of urbans
physical borders (RTBo) (0,223 -0,037xi); R
2= 0,76
x1 x2 x3
Urbanland
ratio
Distance to the center of Jakarta
Suburbanization of Jakarta results the expansion of housing and
industries in more distant areas from the city.
The fastest expansion of physical urban space was in the period of 1992-2000, in the
late period before the monetary crisis (before 1997).
1972
1983 19922000
2005 2010
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
43/98
Jabodetabeks
Land Use Change Scenarios
using
Land Transformation Model (LTM)
1972-2030
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
44/98
Illustration of how the neural nets were used with the driving variabel
Estimate error from
observed data seet
Input hidden output
Distance from urban landuse
1972
Distance from rivers
Distance from to arteri road
Distance from to county roadsDensity of arteri roads
Density of county roads
Distance from toll road
Assign weight to
estimate output
Presence=1 or absence=0 of a transition
Process repeated hundreds or thousands of
iterations in order to minimize error
Network
File
Neural Network Parameterization
2025 2030
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
45/98
Urban land use change
Scenario 1. population growth
rate is 1% per year until year
2025 and 2030
Scenario 2. population growth
rate is 2 % per year until year2025 and 2030
Scenario 3. Population growth
follows linear function for year
2025 and 2030
2025 2030
2025 2030
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
46/98
Urban land use change
A
B
Scenario 1. Population
growth follows the target
of economic growth 5 %per year until year 2025
and 2030
Scenario 2. Population
growth follows the target
of economic growth 6%
per year until year 2025
and 2030
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
47/98
P bli li d
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
48/98
Public policy and governance Ideological view: political necessity of building a
modern (world) city (Leaf 1994) 1980s: market-oriented policies to support of
corporate-led housing & industrial expansion;(Hudalah et al. 2013) to accelerate economic growth
Resulted enormous international capital influx(attract domestic and foreign investments)
Corruption & The weakness in the government's
ability to monitor and control the urbanization(Firman 2004; Server 1996)
i l d l d
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
49/98
Private-led settlements and new towns
Start from 1980s
1990s property boom, new towns rangingfrom 500 to 6,000 hectares were developedaround Jakarta alone (Firman, 2004; Winarso
and Firman 2002) Almost all new towns largely serve as
dormitory towns: socio-economically still
heavily dependent on the core, resultedmassive commuting and traffic (Firman 2004).
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
50/98
Private-manufacturing sectors
Industrial land development in suburban
China is often planned and carried out by
national state, rather than municipal or local
government (Wu and Phelps, 2008).
Start by government-supported industrial
parks and followed by private industrial parks
(Hudalah et al 2013).
T t ti id
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
51/98
Transportation corridor:
Highway roads
Establishment of highways affect urban form
by causing the population to spread out along
the highways
3 major highways: (1) The first highway is
Jagorawi (Jakarta-Bogor-Ciawi) Toll Road (to
the southern suburbs), (2) Jakarta-Cikampek
Toll Road (heading to Bandung, central andeastern Java) and (3) Jakarta-Merak Toll Road
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
52/98
Jakarta-Bandung Urban Corridor
New tpll road linking the city of Bandung and
Jakarta has shorten the travel time between
the two urban and forming Jakarta-Bandung
conurbation as a mega-conurbation.
This corridor is a continuation of meso-scale
conurbation from Jakarta to Cikampek.
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
53/98
Urban Expansion in
JakartaBandung Mega UrbanRegion (JBMUR)
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
54/98
Situation ap
The Greater Jakarta
(Jabodetabek Metropolitan Area)
Bandung
Metropolitan Area
POPULATION DENSITY
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
55/98
JAVA ISLAND
POPULATION DENSITYJAKARTA-BANDUNG MEGA URBAN REGION (JBMUR):
Population : 40.7 million (2010)
Area : 18,411 km2
Pop. Density : 2,211 person/km2
Population density (person/km2)
Based on PODES Data (BPS, 2010)
BANDUNG
JAKARTA
URBAN-RURAL STATUS
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
56/98
JAVA ISLAND
URBAN RURAL STATUS
Jakarta-Bandung Region (JBR) =
Greater Jakarta (Jabodetabek) + Bandung Metropolitan + Cianjur Regency +
Karawang Regency + Purwakarta Regency
BANDUNG
JAKARTA
Based on PODES Data (BPS, 2010)
Urban area
Rural area
Study area
CONURBATIONS
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
57/98
CONURBATIONS
CONCEPT
D dj=D -D ( )1 URBAN LAND RATIO
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
58/98
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 50 100 150 200 250
ULR_78
ULR_83
ULR_97
ULR_00
ULR_05
Adjusted distance (km)Jakarta Bandung
UrbanLand
Ratio
1 2 3
D adj=Dmax Dorg (west)
Dadj=Dmax+Dorg
Dadj=Dmax+130+Dorg (east)
1
2
3
URBAN LAND RATIO
vs.
ADJUSTED DISTANCE
Dadj=Dmax-Dorg (west)1 URBAN LAND RATIO
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
59/98
Adjusted distance (km)Jakarta Bandung
Dadj=Dmax+Dorg
Dadj=Dmax+130+Dorg (east)
1 2 3
2
3
Urban
Land
Ratio
URBAN LAND RATIO
vs.
ADJUSTED DISTANCE
Western side of
Jakarta
Eastern side
of Bandung
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
60/98
Impacts of Jakarta-Bandung
Conurbation
(1) land use-cover changes: rice field conversion
(2) Local and Global Environmental Impact
(3) raise disaster hazard
(4) changes in resources consuming pattern.
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
61/98
Rice fields conversion
Rapid urban expansion in
Jabotabek has caused land use
conversion and environmentalproblems as well.
Rice fields on Java
have been widely
known as one ofproduction centers
in Indonesia.
Spatial Distribution of Rice Fields in Java and Bali
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
62/98
Decay Function model (Urban Sprawl Model) of Jabodetabek
RTB (i t) = RTB (o t) exp (a bx )
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
63/98
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.30.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Jarak ke Monas (Km )
ProporsiRuangTerbangun
Tahun 1972
Tahun 1983Tahun 1992
Tahun 2000
Tahun 2005
RTB (i, t) = RTB (o, t) exp (abxi)
Average position of urbans
physical borders (RTBo) (0,223 -0,037xi); R
2= 0,76
x1 x2 x3
Urbanland
ratio
Distance to the center of Jakarta
Suburbanization of Jakarta results the expansion of housing and
industries in more distant areas from the city.
The fastest expansion of physical urban space was in the period of 1992-2000, in the
late period before the monetary crisis (before 1997).
1972
1983 19922000
2005 2010
URBAN SPRAWL IN JABODETABEK
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
64/98
Relation between urban land ratio and population density
y 2000 = 0.192Ln(x) - 1.242
R2= 0.62
y1992 = 0.176Ln(x) - 1.113
R2= 0.69
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000 90000 100000
Kepadatan Penduduk (orang/Km2)
Rasiourban 2000
1992
The spatial trends of land utilization tends to become a more
inefficient land utilization (per capita land utility has been
increasing)
Urban physical expansion growth beyond its population growth
URBAN SPRAWL IN JABODETABEK
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
65/98
Amidst continued land use changes & urbansprawl in Jabodetabek region, variousenvironmental issues have been indicated:
temperature rise (urban heat island), flooding, landslide, etc.
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
66/98
Flood and landslides insidents follow top of
rainfall dynamic in rainy season, but the
probability for anthropogenic disastersincrease due to the decreasing of carrying
capacity
That caused by decreasing of conservatory
and agriculture area (Rustiadi et al., 2009)
Potential anthropogenic disasters such
landslides (and flood) in increasing
Floods and Landslides
in Jabodetabek Increase
Number of Desa/Villages
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
67/98
2000 2003 2006 2008 2011
6.00%
35.82%
19.53%
37.88%
22.61%
1.53%
5.59%
7.88%
17.94%
11.37%
Percentage of Desa/Villages
floods landslides
2000 2003 2006 2008 2011
102
609
332
644
338
26
95134
305
170
Number of Desa/Villagesfloods landslides
Years
Floods
Numbers of Village Persentage (%)
2000 102 6.00
2003 609 35.82
2006 332 19.53
2008 644 37.88
2011 338 22.61
Years
Landslides
Numbers of Village Persentage (%)
2000 26 1.53
2003 95 5.59
2006 134 7.88
2008 305 17.94
2011 170 11.37
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
68/98
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
69/98
Rainy Season
(maximum
discharge)
Dry Season
(minimum discharge)
Katulampa
Flood Control Station
(Bogor)
Flood Status:
- Siaga 1 (High)
- Siaga 2 (moderate)
- Siaga 3 (low)
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
70/98
17 Jan
066 Feb 01
26-28 Jan
999-14 jan 97
12 Mei 98
12, 14 Okt &
15 Nov 95
25 & 26
Mar 95
8 Jan 94
10 Jan 93
3 Des 92
24 jan & 28
Feb 92
21 Des 91
23 Jan
90 21 & 23 Jsn
05
12 , 17 Jan &12 Feb 04
14,15,,23,28-
30 Jan dan 1-
2 Feb 02
1-2
Feb 07
Record Daily Precipitation Level (mm/day) 1990-2010 in Puncak Area
and record of Major Floods in Jakarta
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
71/98
4 Feb 2007
3 Feb 200730 Jan 2002
21 Feb 2002
3 Jan 1996
6 Jan 1996
18 Jan
2005
21 Jan
1994
Record of Daily Precipitation Level (mm/day) 1990-2010 and Extreme Precipitation
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
72/98
The average of Monthly Precipitation Level (mm/day) 1990-2010 of Puncak Area
Mm/day
ChangesDry Season
Climate Change in Puncak Area
Rainy Season
Rainy Season
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
73/98
The average of Monthly Precipitation Level (mm/day) 1990-2010 of Puncak Area
Average of Flood Frequency at Katulampa Station (1990-2010 )
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
74/98
Yearly Flood Frequency at Katulampa Station (1990-2010 )
Yearly Flood Status Frequency at Katulampa Station (1990-2010 )
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
75/98
Flood Status at Katulampa Stattion
and the frequency of Flood status
Yearly Precipitation Level 1990-2011
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
76/98
Difference = mu (C1) - mu (C2)
Estimate for difference: 0.167500
95% CI for difference: (-4.496515, 4.831515)
T-Test of difference = 0 (vs not =): T-Value = 0.07 P-Value =
0.941 DF = 21
T-test for Independent Samples (Spreadsheet1) Note:
Variables were treated as independent samples
Mean -
Group 1
Mean -
Group 2 t-value df p
Valid N -
Group 1
Valid N -
Group 2
Std.Dev. -
Group 1
Std.Dev. -
Group 2
F-ratio -
Variances
p -
Variances
Var1 vs.
Var2 9.880.155 9.712.574 0.074727 22 0.941107 12 12 5.377.022 5.606.942 1.087.348 0.892032
Period of 1990-2000 Period of 2000-2011
Statistically there is no significant
different between
Average precipitation of period1990-2000 and period 2001-2011
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
77/98
Statistically there is a significant different in term of flood evidencebetween period 1990-2000 and period 2001-2011
Increase in environmental vulnerability (due to land use/cover
change) rather than change on precipitation
Flood Evidences Frequency
in Katulampa Station
Previous study (Rustiadi et al. 2002)
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
78/98
The Inconsistency
between Spatial Plan
and Existing Land
Cover (2001)
Production Forest Agric Land Uses
Agriculture Built Up Areas
Conservation Zone Built Up Areas
Spatial Plan of Jabodetabek +
Punjur 2008 2028
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
79/98
Punjur 2008-2028
(president Decree 54/2009)
Inconsistency between Land Use/Cover
vs Spatial Plan
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
80/98
vs Spatial Plan
Consistent
574.355,3 Ha
89,79%
Inconsistent
65286,0 Ha
10,21%
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
81/98
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
82/98
Land Use/Cover of Puncak Area
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
83/98
/
(1990, 2001 & 2010)
1990 2001
Shrub
Upland
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
84/98
Settlemen
tPlantationForest
Water Body
Idle Land/grass
Irrigated ricefield
Rainfed Ricefield
SettlementPlantation
Forest
Water Body
Idle Land/grass
Irrigated ricefield
Rainfed Ricefield
Shrub
Upland
a) Land use/cover inconsistency to spatial plan (%)
b) Land use/cover inconsistency to land capacity (%)
Inconsistency (%)
Consistency (%)
Inconsistency (%)
Consistency (%)
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
85/98
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
86/98
Permasalahan
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
87/98
Permukiman
PermukimanPertanian Lahan Kering
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
88/98
Inkonsistensi Penggunaan Lahan
Rencana Pola
Ruang(RTRW 2005-2025)
Status Kawasan
Hutan(BPLAN Kemenhut 2012)
Penggunaan
Lahan(Ikonos, 2012)
VS VS
Concluding Remarks
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
89/98
During the last two decades, the intensity of anthropogenic
disasters in Jabodetabek has increased due to declining
environmental carrying capacity
The decrease in carrying capacity associated with land Use/Cover
Change (LUCC) due to rapid urbanization pressure, especially due to
the decrease of greenery area
LUCC in jabodetabek tends to be inconsistent with spatial plan and
the carrying capacity
Future Jabodetabek environmental conditions are expected toincreasingly vulnerable to anthropogenic disaster. The intensity of
floods and landslides will continue to increase if there is no
significant change of control measures
Concluding Remarks
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
90/98
Regional Planning system should be supported by strong and
effective Controlling system.Urban sprawl & Suburbanization in Jabodetabek implicate on aninefficient resources allocation and environmental problems
The lack of integrated spatial development control in the long run
will become a threat to a sustainable development.
Amidst continuing global climate changes, various forms ofdegradation and destruction of natural resources and environmentare seemingly continue to happen and increase environment
vulnerability
Concluding Remarks
Isu dan Tantangan Penataan Ruang
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
91/98
g g
Kawasan Jabodetabek
1. Lingkungan: Indikasi terlampauinya dayadukung lingkungan
2. Ekonomi: Hilangnya Daya saya sebagai KotaGlobal
3. Sosial-Kelembagaan:
Lingkungan
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
92/98
LingkunganIndikasi terlampauinya daya dukung lingkungan
1) Alih fungsi lahandan inkonsistensi tata ruang
zona-zona berfungsi lindung (area resapan air)
dan pencegah banjir
2) Meningkatnya kerentanan lingkunganterhadap
dinamika lingkungan dan bencana (banjir dan
longsor)
3) Kontrubusi Signifikan pada Pemanasan Global
Ekonomi
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
93/98
EkonomiDaya saing Jabodetabek perekonomian nasional
1) Perspektif internasional: daya saing sebagai
kota global
2) Perspektif Nasional: Pusat perekonomiannasional
sistem transportasi yang sangat tidak efisien dan
boros sumberdaya
Sosial Kelembagaan:
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
94/98
Sosial-Kelembagaan:
1) Lemahnya koordinasi lintas sektoral nasional
2) Lemahnya koordinasi pembangunan lintas
wilayah administrasi (BKSP??)
Sejauh mana revisi perpres 54/2008
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
95/98
j p p
mengelaborasi
Urban sprawl
Environmental Impact
Food Security
Impact of High Consumption
Increase of Disaster Risk and Hazard
Governance
Apakah perpres 54/2009 masih memadai
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
96/98
sebagai payung regulasi penataan ruang?
Sinkronisasi pola & struktur ruang dg batas kaw hutan,
RTR terkait dan nomenklatur2 nya
Pembangunan infrastruktur: sistem Transportasi massal
terintegrasi Jabodetabekpunjur sebagai satu entitasKerjasama
antar daerah merupakan kunci
Kelembagaan koordinasi pengendalian danpemanfaatan ruang:
Koordinasi pembangunan, penanggulangan bencana dll
Organisasi dan aturan2 turunan
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
97/98
-
8/10/2019 Review Keberlanjutan Sistem Mega-Urban menuju SINERGI DAN KETERPADUAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN JABODETABEKPUNJUR
98/98
Aksi Penyelamatan Kawasan Hulu DAS Ciliwung Berbasis Masyarakat
PUNC K
yang Tenggelam, dan
Aksi Bersama Penyelamatannya
top related