publik tipe-tipe barang problem...

• Pengertian barang publik

• Tipe-tipe barang publik

• Problem barang publik

Barang Publik

• Barang yang bersifat non-rivaled

dan non-excludable.

untuk mengkonsumsi barang

publik orang tidak harus bersaing

dan orang tidak bisa membuat

pembatasan atau larangan untuk

mengkonsumsinya (no one can be

excluded from using the good).

Example : udara = barang bebas

Barang Privat

• Bersifat rivaled dan excludable

• example, if one individual eats a cake, there is no cake left for anyone else, and it is possible to exclude others from consuming the cake private good

Barang Publik :

• Inge Kaul (1999) :

– Barang Publik Murni

– Barang Publik Tidak Murni

• Barang publik murni

– Non-rivalry : penggunaannya

tidak bersaingan

– Non-excludable : tidak dapat

diterapkan prinsip perkecualian

(impossible to exclude individuals

from consumption) TV, radio,dsb

• Barang yang

penggunaannya tidak

bersaing dan tidak ada

perkecualian (siapapun

bisa menggunakan/

mengkonsumsi)

Barang Publik Murni

Contoh : jalan raya,

lampu lalu lintas,

keamanan, kebersihan

lingkungan,dsb

Barang Publik Tidak Murni

• Barang yang tidak sepenuhnya publik maupun sepenuhnya privat atau barang yang hanya sebagian yang bersifat tidak bersaingan (non-rivalry) ataupun tidak ada perkecualian (non-excludable).

Contoh : pendidikan , kesehatan , makanan bergizi, internet, dsb

Excludable Non-excludable

Rivalrous Private goods :

makanan, pakaian,

mobil,dsb

Common goods /

(Common-pool

resources)

air, ikan, pasir, kayu

hutan,dsb

Non-

Rivalrous

Club goods :

TV kabel, internet

Public goods :

udara, keamanan,

TV nonkabel,

jalan raya, taman

kota,dsb

Terminology, and types of public goods

Barang Publik Tidak Murni:

Common Pool Resources

• Barang yg bersifat

“rivalrous but non-

excludable “ problem

barang publik = tragedy of

the commons.

• For example, sea fishing =

non-excludable resource,

but one which is finite and

diminishing.

Barang Publik Tidak Murni :

Club Goods • Club goods atau toll goods bersifat

non-rivalrous but excludable

• could be delivered as private goods, but are usually delivered by the government (finances from public funds like taxes).

Note : • public good = non-excludable pure

public goods.

• Club goods = excludable public goods .

Problem “Free Riders”

• Konsumer ikut menikmati atau

memanfatkan barang publik

tanpa perlu ikut andil dalam

proses penciptaannya = free

rider problem”, atau "easy rider

problem"

Free Riders

• Adanya „free rider‟ market

failure Why ?

• sulit mengkalkulasi cost dan

benefits dari barang publik yg

diproduksi tidak ada insentif

untuk memproduksi barang

publik secara sukarela

• hardly anyone is willing to pay

for the invention/goods if they can

benefit from it for free

Barang Publik: Market Failure

• Non-rivalness and non-excludability may cause problems for the production of such goods.

market failure = markets are unable to provide these goods in desired quantities

Barang Publik: Market Failure

Adam Smith :

• Market alone unable to

provide necessary public

goods.

• the collective must do

something together to

provide these goods.

Public sector

Sektor Publik :

• Definisi sektor

publik

• Pentingnya sektor

publik

• Peran Sektor

Publik

Public Sector

• The public sector, sometimes referred to as the

state sector is a part of the state that deals with either the production, delivery and allocation of goods and services

by and for the government or

its citizens, whether

national, regional or local/municipal

(wikipedia).

Public Sector http://www.investorwords.com :

• The part of the economy concerned with providing basic government services as the police, military, public roads, public transit, primary education and healthcare for the poor

The public sector might provide services that non-payer cannot be excluded from (such as street lighting), services which benefit all of society rather than just the individual who uses the service (such as public education), and services that encourage equal opportunity

Public Sector

Hicks (dalam Hughes,1994):

• Sektor publik menyediakan barang dan pelayanan/jasa (services) yang cakupan dan jenisnya tidak ditentukan oleh keinginan langsung konsumer, tapi oleh keputusan badan-badan pemerintah ataupun badan perwakilan rakyat.

Public Sector Hicks (lanjut)

• Sektor publik : hasil dari pengambilan keputusan politik/publik tidak melibatkan proses pasar

command based : memaksa orang untuk patuh

Misal : KTP,SIM, pajak, dsb

Bisnis : voluntary (baju,elektronik, makanan, mobil,perhiasan, dsb)

Individual Decisions :

I can choose, alone &

without interference

Collective Decisions : Choices are made by

the community & are

binding on all

Private Decisions

My choice has no

consequence for your

welfare

Liberty of the individual :

- What socks should I

wear?

- Religion

- Whom should I marry?

Tyranny of the Majority:

- Should we have a right

to die? Suicide?

- Should we restrict what

people can read ?

Public Decisions

My choices affect

your welfare

Theft by the Minority :

- Number of children

Liberty of the Group:

-How much should we

spend on defense?

- Smoking in public places?

- What do we do about the

homeless?

Sumber : wikipedia