materi genetik, alur informasi genetik dan ekspresi gen

MATERI GENETIK, ALUR INFORMASI GENETIK DAN EKSPRESI GEN

THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF THE GENETIC

MATERIALThe genetic material is consisted of :

Chromosomes

Genes

called as NUCLEOPROTEIN

reside along the chromosome

KROMOSOM

Jumlah kromosom• Setiap sel somatik mengandung satu set

kromosom yg diwariskan dr induk maternal (betina) dan satu set kromosom pasangannya (kromosom homolog) dr induk paternal (jantan)

• Set rangkap disebut DIPLOID (2n)• Sel kelamin atau gamet (1/2 dr sel somatis,

HAPLOID (n)

Chromosomes• The essential part of a chromosome

is a single very long strand of DNA. This DNA contains all the genetic information for creating and running the organism.

• The DNA is supported and neatly packaged by proteins bound to it. At different times, these proteins cause the DNA to be spread out like spaghetti in a bowl, or tightly condensed into the X-shaped chromosomes we can see in the microscope.

• Each chromosome has a central constricted region called a centromere that serves as an attachment point for the machinery of mitosis.

Morfologi Kromosom

Chromosome in general Chromosome in general (size, shape and number)(size, shape and number)

- Diploid organisms = 2n- Two copies of autosomes with sex chromosomes- diploid organisms have two cell-types somatic cells = body’s cells germ cells = gametes

- human bodies ~= 1014 cells many cell divisions => mitosis

- sexual reproduction require haploid (n) cells => meiosis

Human chromosomes =22 pairs of autosomes + sex chromosome (XX or XY)

Double helix DNA

GENE EXPRESSION

DNA

RNA

PROTEIN

CELL EFFECT TISSUE

ORGANISM

POPULATION

BIOSPHERIC PHENOTYPE

DNA

DNA Replication

RNA PROTEIN

Transcription

Translation

CENTRAL DOGMAFrancis Crick, 1958

TRANSCRIPTION

REMOVALOF INTRONS