manajemen stratejik 9
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MANAJEMEN S T R A T E G I
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PENYUSUNAN STRATEGI
TUGAS AHLI STRATEGI YANG EFEKTIF
1. Suka bekerja keras
2. Mempunyai wawasan yang luas dan analisis yang menyeluruh (integrated)
3. Berpikir jernih (objectif) dan melontarkan banyak gagasan dalam pengambilan keputusan
PERAN KONSULTAN MANAJEMEN
Konsultan biasanya terlibat dalam merumuskan strategi dan bagaimana mengimplementasikan strategi perusahaan dan membantu dalam merancang kerangka evaluasi dan pengendalian strategi perusahaan agar nantinya dapat diketahui efektifitas strategi perusahaan yang diimplementasikan.
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Broader responsibility:
Private corporation has responsibilities to society that extend beyond making a profit.
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SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Friedman’s Traditional View
“There is one and only one social responsibility of business – to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits…”
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SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Carroll’s Four Responsibilities
Economic Legal Ethical Discretionary
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RESPONSIBILITIES OF BUSINESS
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SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY BENEFITS
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Ben & Jerry’s
Maytag
Procter &Gamble
Rubbermaid
•Environmental concerns may enable the firm to charge premium prices and gain brand loyalty
•Trustworthiness may help generate enduring relationships with suppliers and distributors without spending time and money policing contracts
•Can attract outstanding employees who prefer working for a responsible firm
•More likely to attract capital from investors who view reputable companies as desirable
REASONS FOR UNETHICAL BEHAVIOR
Moral Relativism
Morality is relative to some personal, social or cultural standard and that there is no method for deciding whether one decision is better than another.
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SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYKohlberg’s Levels of Moral Development
Preconventional Level– Concern for self
Conventional Level– Consideration of laws and norms
Principled Level– Adherence to internal moral code11
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Code of Ethics: Specifies how an organization
expects its employees to behave while on the job.
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SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
EthicsThe consensually accepted standards of behavior for an occupation, trade, or profession
MoralityThe precepts of personal behavior based on religious or philosophical grounds
LawFormal codes that permit or forbid certain behaviors
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SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Approaches to Ethical Behavior
UtilitarianUtilitarian Actions and plans judged by
consequences Individual RightsIndividual Rights
People have fundamental rights to be respected in all decisions
JusticeJustice Distribution of costs and benefits to be
equitable, fair, and impartial
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SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
Approaches to Ethical Behavior
Categorical imperativesCategorical imperatives“golden rules”
Not restrict others behavior
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SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYImpact of the Internet
Issues –
Cybersquatting
Taxation
Public Interest16
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