6. gas

7/21/2019 6. Gas

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/6-gas-56d9d3a8dcf61 1/27

Gas

7/21/2019 6. Gas


Elements that exist as gases at 250C and 1 atmosphere

5.1

7/21/2019 6. Gas


5.1

7/21/2019 6. Gas


• Gas mengikuti bentuk dan volume tempatnya..

• Gas adalah materi yang dapat dimampatkan.• Gas akan tecampur rata seluruhnya apabila berada

dalam satu ruang yang sama.

• Gas memiliki kerapatan yang sangat rendah

dibandingkan dengan cairan dan padatan.

5.1

Ciriciri !isik Gas"

7/21/2019 6. Gas


#atuan $ekanan"

1 pascal %&a' ( 1 )*m2

1 atm ( +,0 mm -g ( +,0 torr

( 101/25 &a

( 1.+ psi

( 2.2 in. -g

5.2arometer

$ekanan(Gaya3uas

%gaya ( massa x percepatan'

7/21/2019 6. Gas


Sea level 1 atm

4 miles 0.5 atm

10 miles 0.2 atm

5.2

7/21/2019 6. Gas


Hukum BoyleHukum BoylePP α 1/Vα 1/VIni berarti tekanan danIni berarti tekanan dan

volume BERBANDINGvolume BERBANDING

TERBALIK aabila milTERBALIK aabila mildan !u"u kon!tan #tidakdan !u"u kon!tan #tidakberuba"$% &onto"n'a( Pberuba"$% &onto"n'a( Pnaik dan V turun%naik dan V turun%

PP11VV11 ) P) P** VV** Robert BoyleRobert Boyle

(1627-1691).(1627-1691).

Son of Earl ofSon of Earl of

or!" #relan$.or!" #relan$.

7/21/2019 6. Gas


Hukum CharlesHukum Charles

Jika tekanan dan molJika tekanan dan molkonstan,maka Vkonstan,maka V α Tα T

V dan TV dan T BERBANDINGBERBANDING

LURUS.LURUS.VV11 V V22

TT11 T T22

! I" one tem#e$at%$e &oes %#, t'eI" one tem#e$at%$e &oes %#, t'e

(ol%me &oes %#)(ol%me &oes %#)

%a&'es arles (1746-%a&'es arles (1746-

1*2+). #solate$ boron1*2+). #solate$ boron

an$ st$ie$ ,ases.an$ st$ie$ ,ases.

Balloonist.Balloonist.

7/21/2019 6. Gas


Gay-Lussac’s LawGay-Lussac’s LawJika mol dan (ol%meJika mol dan (ol%me

konstan,maka *konstan,maka * α Tα T

* dan T* dan T

BERBANDINGBERBANDINGLURUS.LURUS.

**11 * *22

TT11 T T22

I" one tem#e$at%$e &oes %#,I" one tem#e$at%$e &oes %#,

t'e #$ess%$e &oes %#)t'e #$ess%$e &oes %#)

%ose ois /ay-%ose ois /ay-ssa& (177*-1*50)ssa& (177*-1*50)

7/21/2019 6. Gas


Combined Gas Law! T'e &ood ne+s is t'at o% don-t

'a(e to $ememe$ all t'$ee &asla+s) Sin/e t'e a$e all $elated to

ea/' ot'e$, +e /an /omine t'eminto a sin&le e0%ation. BE SUREU 3N4 T5IS E6UATIN)

*1 V1 *2 V2

T1 T2

No, it’s not related to R2D2

7/21/2019 6. Gas


And no+( +e au!e ,or t"i!

-ommer-ial me!!a.e ,rom TP

" so its really not 3#S !in$

of S3

S3 in &emistry stan$s for

Stan$ar$ 3emeratre an$ressre

Stan$ar$ ressre

1 atm (or ane'ivalent)

Stan$ar$

3emeratre 0 $e,

(27+ )

S3 allo8s s to

&omare amonts of,ases bet8een $ifferent

ressres an$

temeratres

S3 allo8s s to

&omare amonts of,ases bet8een $ifferent

ressres an$

temeratres

7/21/2019 6. Gas


-ukum 4vogadro

V α

umlah mol %n'V ( konstan x n

V 1*n1 ( V 2*n2

5./

Constant temperatureConstant pressure

7/21/2019 6. Gas


&ersamaan Gas 6deal

5.

Charles7 la8" V α T %at constant n and P '

4vogadro7s la8" 9 α n %at constant P and T '

oyle7s la8" 9 α %at constant n and T '1

P

V α nT

P

V ( constant x ( R nT

P

nT

P R is the ,as &onstant

PV nRT

7/21/2019 6. Gas


&ada kondisi 0 0C and 1 atm dinamakan stan$ar$

temeratre an$ ressre (S3).

PV = nRT

R =

PV

nT (

%1 atm'%22.13'

%1 mol'%2+/.15 :'

R ( 0.0;205+ 3 • atm * %mol • :'

5.

&ercobaan memperlihatkan bah8a pada #$& 1mol gas ideal memenuhi 22.1 3.

7/21/2019 6. Gas


<ensity %d ' Calculations

d = mV

( P MRT

m is the mass o! the gas in gM is the molar mass o! the gas

=olar =ass %M ' o! a Gaseous #ubstance

dRT

P M ( d is the density o! the gas in g*3

5.

7/21/2019 6. Gas


4 2.103 vessel contains .,5 g o! a gas at 1.00 atm

and 2+.00C. >hat is the molar mass o! the gas?

5./

dRT

P M ( d =

mV

.,5 g

2.10 3( ( 2.21

g

3

M (2.21

g

3

1 atm

x 0.0;21 x /00.15 :3•atm

mol•:

M ( 5., g*mol

7/21/2019 6. Gas


Gas #toichiometry

>hat is the volume o! C@2 produced at /+0 C and 1.00

atm 8hen 5.,0 g o! glucose are used up in the reaction"

C,-12@, %s' A ,@2 %g ' ,C@2 %g ' A ,-2@ %l '

g C,-12@, mol C,-12@, mol C@2 V C@2

5.,0 g C,-12@, 1 mol C,-12@,

1;0 g C,-12@,

x , mol C@2

1 mol C,-12@,

x ( 0.1;+ mol C@2

V (nRT

P

0.1;+ mol x 0.0;21 x /10.15 :3•atm

mol•:

1.00 atm

( ( .+, 3

5.5

7/21/2019 6. Gas


-ukum <alton mengenai $ekanan &arsial

V and T

are&onstant

P 1 P 2 P total = P 1 A P 2

5.,

7/21/2019 6. Gas


Consider a case in 8hich t8o gases 4 and are in a

container o! volume 9.

P 4 ( n AB$V

P (nBB$

V

n 4 is the number o! moles o! 4

n is the number o! moles o!

P $ ( P 4 A P X 4 (n 4

n 4 A n

X (n

n 4 A n

P 4 ( X 4 P $ P ( X P $

P i X i P 3

5.,

mole fraction (X i ) =ni

nT

7/21/2019 6. Gas


4 sample o! natural gas contains ;.2 moles o! C-

0.21 moles o! C2-, and 0.11, moles o! C/-;. 6! the

total pressure o! the gases is 1./+ atm 8hat is the

partial pressure o! propane %C/-;'?

P i ( X i P $

X propane (0.11,

;.2 A 0.21 A 0.11,

P $ ( 1./+ atm

( 0.01/2

P propane ( 0.01/2 x 1./+ atm ( 0.01;1 atm

5.,

7/21/2019 6. Gas


2:Cl@/ %s' 2:Cl %s' A /@2 %g '

Bottle fll of oy,en

,as an$ 8ater vaor

P $ ( P @ A P - @2 2 5.,

7/21/2019 6. Gas


5.,

7/21/2019 6. Gas


emistry in :&tion;

#cuba <iving and the Gas 3a8s

& 9

<epth %!t' &ressure%atm'

0 1

// 2

,, /

5.,

7/21/2019 6. Gas


$eori :inetik =olekul Gas

1. Gas terdiri atas molekulmolekul yang

bergerak random.2. $idak terdapat tarikan maupun tolakan antar

molekul gas.

/. $umbukan antar molekul adalah tumbukanelastik sempurna yakni tidak ada energi

kinetik yang hilang.

. ila dibandingkan dengan volume yangditempati gas volume real molekul gas

dapat diabaikan.

5.+

7/21/2019 6. Gas


&enyimpangan &erilaku 6deal

1 mole o! ideal gas

PV ( nRT

n =PV RT

( 1.0

5.;

Bepulsive orces

4ttractive orces

7/21/2019 6. Gas


E!!ect o! intermolecular !orces on the pressure exerted by a gas.

5.;

7/21/2019 6. Gas


5 ;

PersamaanVan der Waals

Gas )yata

P A %V D nb' ( nRT an2

V 2% ' E

$ekanan

terkoreksi

E

volume

terkoreksi

6. gas

Documents