4th uclg aspac congress – jakarta, indonesia 2012 pp
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By:
FAUZI BOWO
Governor of Jakarta
JAKARTA CAPITAL CITY GOVERNMENT TUESDAY, 2 OCTOBER 2012
Pages: 5
OPENING REMARKS
AT THE
THE 4th UCLG ASPAC CONGRESS 2012
“Resilient Cities: Rethink, Rebuild, Revitalize”
1
Good morning,
Yang Terhormat Menteri Dalam Negeri, Bapak
Gamawan Fauzi,
Dear participants of UCLG-ASPAC Congress;
Dear Ladies and Gentlemen,
Mayors and Governors of the Asia Pacific region, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to Jakarta for this 4th United Cities and Local Governments Asia Pacific congress. The theme of the 4th UCLG Congress is “Resilient Cities: Rethink, Rebuild, Revitalize” summarizes the challenges cities have in the Asia Pacific region in order that prosperity is achieved, a central ingredient for peace in this region.
In order that our cities become resilient, we must be able to survive future challenges and in some cases these challenges will be extreme. Therefore, our cities must continually rethink about how to survive, and how to rebuild decaying parts of our cities which can easily become dead areas within the city weighing down on development. Finally a crucial part in ensuring
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our cities are resilient is to have the capacity and tenacity within our cities to be able to revitalize in a sustainable manner and innovation plays an important role in this.
There is no other region in the world like this region. As we are all aware, the UCLG in the Asia Pacific region is the biggest of the eight sections in the UCLG, with linkages to more than 7000 local government and representing 3.7 billion people. That is half of the world’s population.
This region is home to great diversity, whether it be economic, religious or cultural. One indicator is reflected by the fact the variation in per capita disposable income in the region. In 2011 this ranged from US$34.739 in Japan, to US$ 8500 in China and US$ 3700 in India. Another point of diversity is the fact that some parts of the region are highly industrialized while others remain very much rural.
One factor which has been a pressure point in the region is the pace of urbanization, which is unparalleled by any other area in the world. Eleven of the worlds Mega city with a population of more than 10 million are located in this region. In the
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last two decades the Asia-Pacific urban proportion has risen by 29%, this rate of urbanization is more than any other region in the world. This urbanization has resulted in growth, but as the UN Economic and Social Commission noted, this has also driven up poverty within cities. The Asian Development Bank notes that two third of the world’s poor live in this region.
One other crucial factor about this region according to the United Nations is the fact that this region is home to 45% of the world’s youth which amounts to approximately 700 million young people. If managed properly these youths can be an important engine in future economic growth in the region.
The challenge this region faces includes managing climate change, the increasing urbanization, and reducing poverty just to mention a few. For these reasons and many others, the Asia Pacific region has no choice except to become home to resilient cities. Certainly urban planning and building design plays an important role in facilitating the development of a greater capacity for future resilience but there is more than this.
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Two of the crucial and basic ingredients in building resilient cities are already present in this region that is economic growth and a large young population. These two factors are interrelated and special attention must be given to youths with a focus on education and employment creation. The challenge is how to harness these advantages in order that cities are able to sustain economic growth and distribute this growth so that prosperity is experienced by all.
However, there are two crucial pillars to building strong cities. Preparing and developing infrastructure to be able to cope with the speed of growth our cities are experiencing. Equally important is also preparing the people that live in these cities to be resilient and able to embrace the changes needed to complement the urban planning. As the classical Greek Philosopher Plato said “This city is what it is because our citizens are what they are”. City administrations and governments make policies and manage cities but in the end its the people who really make and shape the cities they live in.
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Strong cities can only be established and be sustained if there is good governance in the way they are managed. The foundation of a strong city is a robust and participative community, with a good flow of communications between its mayor and its people in its day to day running and future development of the city. Strong cities are democratic cities this includes democratic elections.
On this note allow me before finishing this speech to bid farewell to all you as beginning on the 7th October Jakarta will have a new governor as determined by a democratic election which took place on the 20th September. It has been indeed a great honor and also a great pleasure for me to be the 4th President of the United Cities and Local Governments Asia Pacific. I take with me valuable experiences which I could not gave gained anywhere else. I thank you all for the exchanges and also the friendships.
Ladies and Gentlemen, it is my conviction that this region is the region of the future. I wish you all luck in the journey of creating strong resilient cities in order that prosperity is achieved.
Thank you
By:
Fauzi Bowo
Governor of Jakarta
JAKARTA CAPITAL CITY GOVERNMENT
THURSDAY, 4 OCTOBER 2012
YHM : 4 Hlm
CLOSING REMARKS
AT
UCLG ASPAC CONGRESS
2012
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Good evening,
- Cr. Chen Haosu, Founding President Co-
President for International Relations and
Networking
- Mr. Peter Woods, Co President of UCLG
ASPAC;
- Mr. Rudolf Hauter, Secretary General of
UCLG ASPAC:
- Distinguished Participants of UCLG ASPAC
Congress.
It is my great pleasure to be here among all of you who has just completed meeting and discussion much intensively during three days. The actual issues relating to the theme “rethink,
rebuild and revitalize” has been fully encouraging us based on our responsibility toward a better and prosperous city. The ideas and thoughts of the participants have been emerged and shared, I firmly believe it could enrich insights and develop capability of the participants on overcoming urban development problems based on its own characteristic.
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On behalf of the Jakarta Capital City Government and President of UCLG ASPAC, I truly extend my sincere thanks and appreciation to the distinguished participants have provided fruitful results and also commitments made among participants for a sustain and future of our organization.
I would also congratulate to the Executive Bureau Meeting took smoothly and democratically and I am sure that all inputs and critics from the floor accommodated by the Executive Bureau Meeting and very convincingly will follow up in the next meeting of the UCLG-ASPAC in making the efforts of providing innovative solution and alternatives for a better and esteemed city.
Concluded the results achieved from the Meeting, I would congratulate Dr. Jatin V. Modi as the elected President of UCLG ASPAC 2012-2013 and Mr. Syed Muhammad Asghar Shah Gillani as the elected President of UCLG ASPAC 2013-2014. Additionally, I would congratulate Gwangju City, Korea to host the
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next Executive Bureau Meeting in May 2013 and Taipei City as host of the 5th UCLG ASPAC Congress in 2014.
Distinguished participants,
Tonight is our time to share a happiness and joyful among us and I hope through our farewell dinner will strengthen the ties of our friendship and expand our international networking.
Again I personally would like to thanks the distinguished participants for consuming energy and sharing thoughts and your active participation is really appreciated. And I do believe that the results of congress as our further reference and feedback to a betterment.
Before closing my remarks, I’d like to recommend you to spare your time for sightseeing around Jakarta. I hope during your stay in Jakarta will bring impressive and memorable things that you might one day come to Jakarta again for holiday.
By:
FAUZI BOWO
Governor of Jakarta
JAKARTA CAPITAL CITY GOVERNMENT
TUESDAY, 2 OCTOBER 2012 Pages: 4
WELCOME DINNER
AT THE
THE 4th UCLG ASPAC CONGRESS 2012
“Resilient Cities: Rethink, Rebuild, Revitalize”
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Mayors, Governors, Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome tonight to Fatahillah Museum.
Today two very important sessions have been conducted. One, concerning the readiness of cities to change in order to anticipate the future, focused on the willingness of people themselves to change. The other was on infrastructure, innovations, and the building of roads for the future.
Tonight, however, I will not be speaking about Resilient Cities of the future. Instead, for just a few brief moments, allow me to talk about a Resilient City of the Past, that is, Batavia, which is now called Jakarta. We are tonight having dinner in the Old Town of Jakarta, the location where the city of Jakarta was first established. This building in which we are having dinner is where the former City Hall was situated.
Before becoming the City Hall, this building was originally called the Stadhuis, and was the administrative headquarters of the Dutch East India Company and the Dutch trading company, and later the office of the Dutch Government. The building was constructed in 1710 by Governor General van Riebeeck. It is located in front of a
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public square, which in the past was known as Stadhuisplein or the City Hall Square. Many of you would have walked across this square in order to get to the building where we are having dinner tonight.
This building has been a witness to some of the most important parts of Indonesian history. As they say, if only these walls could talk and tell what they have seen, we would probably be hearing a fascinating part of Indonesia’s story. For example, the building, which is underneath the building where we are having dinner, was a famous prison. Any Indonesians, and for that matter Dutch people, who rebelled against Dutch colonial rule, were imprisoned here. One very famous historical figure was the Indonesian freedom fighter Prince Diponegoro, who was arrested in Central Java and imprisoned here in 1830, before being banished to Manado in North Sulawesi.
Despite this role, the place was also an important source of life not only because the port of Sunda Kelapa, which was the center of trade for Batavia and the surrounding areas, was just a stone’s throw away but because in the center of the
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square, just in front of this building, there was a fountain, which served as the water supply for the colonial capital, Batavia. This place was the center of life for Old Jakarta for hundreds of years.
Today this building is a museum. It has been temporarily closed since July 2011 for conservation work to be carried out on the badly damaged complex but it is expected to reopen in 2014.
Jakarta or Batavia, as the city was first referred to in historical records in the 4th century, was originally a Hindu settlement and a port. Ever since, the city has been variously claimed by the Indianized kingdom of Tarumanegara, the Hindu Kingdom of Sunda, the Muslim Sultanate of Banten, the Dutch East Indies government, the Empire of Japan, and finally Indonesia.
Today Jakarta is 485 years old. The fact that this place is still functioning as a city is proof that Jakarta is a resilient city and that somehow, during its journey of hundreds of years, it has managed to “Rethink, rebuild and revitalize”.
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I often ask myself what has enabled this city to survive for so long, while in the process managing to adapt to major cultural and political changes and to flourish? In my humble opinion it’s the people who have lived here. Not just the people of Batavia but the different people from different parts of Indonesia who have come here and made this place what it is today, creating here one of the richest centers of culture in the country. In fact, I could almost say that Jakarta has been “Little Indonesia” for hundreds of years.
Thank you. Please enjoy your dinner tonight.
By :
Fauzi Bowo
Governor of Jakarta
JAKARTA CAPITAL CITY GOVERNMENT
TUESDAY, 2 OCTOBER 2012
ANITA BOJE/YHM/SHB/HRY/ : Pages: 6
WELCOME ADDRESS
AT DINNER FUNCTION
IN HONOUR OF THE PARTICIPANTS OF
UNITED CITIES AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
(UCLG) WORLD CONGRESS
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Good evening,
Distinguished Delegates from the Asia Pacific Region,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
I would like to welcome you very warmly to the City Hall of the Jakarta Capital City of Jakarta. The room we gathered here tonight is called “Balai Agung”. In the Indonesian tradition, the name indicates a place where within a community very important things taking place – celebrations, inaugurations and significant announcements. So, this is the heart of the Jakarta Capital City Government. And I am very happy to be your host and celebrate here with you tonight in “Balai Agung” the 4th UCLG ASPAC Congress.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
The first day of our congress is nearly over. Today we have shared our experiences and ideas how to improve the resilience of our cities and municipalities – in terms of good and adaptive local governance and in terms of a modern and
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innovative infrastructure, which takes the unpredictable into consideration.
We, as city leaders or as persons in charge for urban development and welfare – we already know how demanding our job already is when things are normal and everything is working relatively smoothly in our cities. But when things getting rough, when turbulences shaking up our usual routines, when natural or man-made disasters threaten the lives and the wellbeing of the people, then we have to ask ourselves if our city is really ready to cope with it.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
As the overall theme of this Congress indicates, it is all about “Re-Think, Re-Build and “Re-Vitalize” to get ready for tomorrow, especially considering the challenge of global warming.
As you may know, Jakarta, as many other member cities of UCLG-ASPAC, face basic bread and butter problems: housing, transportation, flooding, waste disposal, the provision of energy and adequate drinking water.
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These problems derive mostly from an increasing migration into our cities, where people are looking for jobs and prospects for a better life for themselves and their children. In case of Jakarta, the excessive land-use in the past is now a severe obstacle and constraint for making the city fit for the future.
Given Jakarta’s geographical condition as a low-lying region, our city is very vulnerable to climate change. Based on Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA) study, Jakarta is indicated as the most prone area towards climate change impact in South East Asia.
In February 2007, Jakarta was hit by one of the worst flood ever experienced, covering 70% of metropolitan area. This disaster claimed human lives and caused enormous financial damages. The increasing of global temperature has caused climate change and variability, such as the changes of rainfall intensity as well as extreme whether. And the Sea level rise makes Jakarta prone to the activity of extreme weather such as floods and has a substantial impact on the city.
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We are undertaking a series of adaption methods to prevent and control flooding and seawater infusion leading to subsidence. One of the major developments of flood control system in Jakarta is the development of East Flood Canal that has already flown to the sea at the end of 2009. The east flood canal has reduced the flood risk in Jakarta as much as 30%.
The development of East Flood Canal is not only aimed to control the flood in Jakarta, but also to act as an economic prime mover at the northern and eastern part of Jakarta.
It is supposed to be an integrated infrastructure development between Green Infrastructure and Water Front Development and will function as flood control, water conservation and not least as a green open space corridor.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Sometimes it is necessary to make bold steps to shape a cities future, e.g. by big infrastructure projects like the East Flood Canal and the Green Infrastructure around it. This is an urgently needed adaptation measure to prevent disastrous
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flooding in the East and North of Jakarta. We aim to make virtue out of necessity and seize the opportunity to create a green belt around this canal for the benefit of both economy and ecology in Jakarta.
However to achieve real sustainability and resilience, we have to promote more than ever local control and to utilize local resources. By this, it is also possible to change people’s mindsets. People should realize that initiatives for resilience don’t just aim at a better life in an unknown future but are going to improve the quality of life of the people now. To work on the city of tomorrow pays off today.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
I am very glad that UCLG ASPAC has competent partner organisations that have enormous expertise in the field of urban sustainable development and resilience. Various organisations also supported us a great deal to organize this Congress.
I would like to thank the UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction UNISDR, the Cities Development Initiative for Asia CDIA, the
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WORLDBANK Jakarta, ICLEI, and the Cultural Development Network, Australia, for their outstanding support and commitment to this Congress. Tomorrow, these partners will facilitate Breakout Sessions and discuss in depth ideas and strategies with you, Ladies and Gentlemen, how we can make our cities ready. I wish all of us fruitful and interesting discussions.
Ladies and Gentlemen,
But this is the schedule for tomorrow. Now is time for celebrating, enjoying good food and pleasant company and having a good time here in ‘Balai Agung”.
Enjoy this first evening of the 4th UCLG ASPAC Congress in Jakarta and enjoy your whole stay. It is a great pleasure to have you as our guest.
Thank you!
Abstract for the Keynote Speech (by Dong-Shin Moon, Mayor of Gunsan, Republic of Korea)
The main theme of "Resilient Cities: Rethink, Rebuilt, Revitalize" for the 4th
Congress in Jakarta, Indonesia is
very significant. Local governments of today are no longer able to exist independently from the international
community, as we have entered into an era of an ever-growing need for inter-municipal cooperation with the
advent of global climate problems and trade issues affecting local governments. The environment in which we
live today has changed significantly, and it is continuously evolving at a tremendous speed, affected by
multiple complex variables which no local government has experienced before. Problems arising from
urbanization, multi-culturalism, sprawl, and other forms of natural environment pollution will become the
subjects which will be resolved through the lens of "Resilience."
Counter-Punch: Solution to Change is to Change
It is important to absorb shocks with flexibility, but at the same time we should go one step further and utilize
situations as opportunities for greater advancements. This is analogous to the effects of a "counter-punch" in
boxing. Rather than limiting oneself to the defensive posture, we should introduce new policies or make
necessary amendments to the existing system and framework in response to the changes to guarantee
unprecedented rippling effects. Therefore, in order to maximize these effects, you must be aggressive but also
bold, requiring you to think outside the box. External changes and stresses can be successfully managed by
employing a necessary corresponding force. A proactive response, in other words, requires determination and
endeavors to renovate the existing structure against the surrounding developments which can then become
the stimulus to acquire the needed resilience against the evolving global community.
Unity, Key for Development; Diversity, Key for Resilience
Since resilience is a fundamental element required for future urban development, and unity cannot be
completely discredited by municipal governments, it is critical that we find a workable balance between these
seemingly contradicting principles. In order to successfully address and overcome the inherent problems
embedded in diversity, I propose the introduction and operation of regular and effective communication
channel. The establishment of a responsible organizational body will be able to provide long-term, workable
solutions to current existing problems. Rather than simply registering civil complaints and providing temporary
solutions, the introduction of a comprehensive system reflecting different opinions in extracting a socially
agreed upon consensus is required to overcome the inherent characteristics of diversity in the absence of
unity.
Urban Design: Case Study - Gunsan Modern Historical Landscape Project
Gunsan, as the center of the Saemangeum Project, the largest land reclamation project in Korea is renowned
as a future city. However, at the same time, Gunsan is a city of history of 1,000 years and modern culture. The
Modern Historical Landscape Project, in short, is to add new life to the modern architectural buildings by
adding the color of the 21st
century. The fundamental design principles governing this project are
"Completeness of Community" and "Spirit of Revitalization” (utilizing local resources). The project aims at
installing various facilities to minimize the distance human movement and maximizing the utility of existing
resources in our efforts to create new added values, engaging in aggressive and active transformation of the
urban infrastructure, thus expecting to revitalize the slow inner urban communities.
In conclusion, I would like to introduce "Self-Innovation" as the key word in securing the necessary resilience
needed to successfully adapt to the changing global community. The definition of the word "resilience" itself
has a resilient character which can be applied to many different situations. Therefore, we must also respect
the definitional characteristics of the word and exercise a spirit of activeness and flexibility in our endeavors.
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ELECTED COUNCIL AND EXECUTIVE BUREAU FOR 2012 - 2014
EAST & NORTHEAST ASIA
1 Governor Association of Korea (GAOK) (Executive Bureau)
2 City of Hamamatsu (Executive Bureau)
3 Beijing City (Executive Bureau)
4 Taipei City (Executive Bureau)
5 Gunsan City (Executive Bureau)
6 Guangzhou City
7 Haikou City
8 Shanghai City
9 Dalian City
10 Harbin City
11 New Taipei City
12 Taichung City
13 Jeju Special Self Governing Province
14 Seoul Metropolitan Government
15 Gumi City
16 Changwon City
17 Gangwon Province
18 Gyeonggi Province
19 Korean City Federation
20 Shenzhen City
21 Xi'an City
22 Chengdu City
23 Fuzhuo City
24 Kunming City
Co-President: Song, Young-Gil (Incheon Metropolitan City)
Co-President: Chen Haosu, Founding President (CPAFFC)
Designated representative to the Council and Executive Bureau: Council of Local Authorities for
International Relations (CLAIR)
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PACIFIC � �
1 Local Government New Zealand (Executive Bureau) � �
2 Ministry of Internal & Social Affairs of Kiribati (Executive Bureau) � �
3 Ministry of Provincial Government & Institutional Strengthening � �
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Co-President: Cr. Felicity-ann Lewis (Australian Local Government Association) � �
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SOUTHEAST ASIA � �
1 Association of Indonesian Municipalities (APEKSI) (Executive Bureau) � �
2 Association of Cities of Vietnam (Executive Bureau) � �
3 Municipal League of Thailand (Executive Bureau) � �
4 Wakatobi Regency (Executive Bureau) � �
5 Association of Indonesian Municipal Councils (ADEKSI) � �
6 League of Cities of the Philippines (LCP) � �
7 National League of Commune/Sangkat of Cambodia � �
8 City fo Makati � �
9 City of Probolinggo � �
10 City of Cimahi � �
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Immediate Past President : Dr. Fauzi Bowo � �
Co President (Host): Gov. Joko Widodo (Jakarta Capital City Government) � �
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SOUTH & SOUTHWEST ASIA � �
1 Municipal Association of Nepal (MuAN) (Executive Bureau) � �
2 Federation of Sri Lanka LG Association (Executive Bureau) � �
3 Local Council Association of the Punjab Pakistan (Executive Bureau) � �
4 Municipal Association of Bangladesh (MAB) (Executive Bureau) � �
5 National Association of Village Dev. Committees in Nepal (NAVIN) � �
6 Local Council Association of Khyber Paktunkhwa � �
7 Bangladesh Union of Parishad Forum � �
8 City of Kathmandu � �
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Presidents: Dr. Jatin V. Modi; Syed Muhammad Asghar Shah Gillani � �
Co-President: Krishna Prasad Jaishi (ADDCN) � �
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Achieve a Safe & Happy Life by building a Resilient City
Mr. Chen Mingquan
Vice Secrectary General of Wuhan Political Consultative Committee, Hubei Province,
P.R.China
2012.10.02, Jakarta
Dear friends, ladies & gentlemen,
Good Afternoon.
I come from Wuhan, China. Later I will give a few words of my city.
First of all, I’d like to express our sincere appreciation to Jakarta municipality for
hosting the grand event of UCLG ASPEC 4TH
Congress. It is a great honor and a great
pleasure for me as well to have the opportunity today to give a speech here in
Jakarta on the topic of resilient cities.
We’ve got to know the definition of resilience highlights the capacity or the ability of
a city to absorb shocks and stresses, survive and retain vitality in front of disturbance.
It is the fact that cities grow more and more civilized, but seems weaker than before
in recovery from both natural disaster and man-made shocks and stress. Facing all
kinds of risks increasingly in this time, how to enhance the resilience of a city and
how to build such a city has been a common challenge of top concern around the
world.
With a population over 10 million people, Wuhan is a megalopolis in central China. It
is the capital city of Hubei Province, abundant in water resources with hundreds of
lakes and a big river. Yangtze River, the world’s third longest river and its largest
tributary Han River meet in Wuhan. Wuhan is situated at the confluence of the
Yangtze River and the Han River and the two big rivers cut the city into three parts of
Hankou, Hanyang and Wuchang, namely Three Towns of Wuhan which are standing
like the three feet of a tripod by the two rivers. It has been renowned as a cultural
city with a long-standing history dating back to 3500 years ago.
Next, I’d like to give a brief introduction of the methods adopted by our city on
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resilience-building and our thinking for the future.
Since the beginning of this century, Wuhan Municipality put resilient construction of
the city with public safety as a key on top agenda. We paid efforts and got good
results.
Basic methods of building a resilient city
A Organizations in charge of public safety administration grow increasingly
strong
The city government set up an emergency committee exclusively in charge of
unexpected public events, and over 10 such committees of special sectors of
construction, transportation, public safety, water affairs, higene, agriculture,
earthquake, environmental protection, safe production monitoring, grain, food
safety and medicine safety etc. Emergency committees are also established in
district level, in charge of ordinary incidents. In general, an organization system of
emergency management takes shape with 3 levels of municipality, special sector
authorities, and district government, and It works under the principal of unified
leadership, comprehensive coordination, hierarchical responsibility, and priority of
localized management.
B Exposure rating and early warning system under construction step by step
The city government pays great attention to the construction of basic emergency
data base, and communication information system of emergency commanding. In
the year of 2008, the municipality launched Trial Regulation of Methods on
Precaution of Emergency Events and Information Release & Dissemination,
established unified platform of information release for early natural disaster, and has
released meteorological disaster information in time to citizens.
Especially, five fundamental data base of rules and regulations, precaution plan,
experts, teams and materials supply for early warning have been established.
And since the beginning of 2009, exposure rating system of social stability was
established for heavy accidents.
C Formulation of emergency preplan more standardized, and exercise regularized
Emergency preplan system was established with integrated structure, all functions,
rapid reaction and high efficiency, which is most important for early warning. Fifteen
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specialized preplan has been worked out involving production accidents, road traffic
accidents, public health accidents, food safety and medicine safety etc., with over
500 sub-preplan. Therefore overall preplan system has taken shape.
On the other hand, regularized exercise raised the capability of people and different
departments, and made those preplans increasingly perfect.
D Collection and release of information of public safety administration sound and
effective
Networks and teams of public safety information are enhanced, as well as
information collection, disposal and analysis, early warning, report and
dissemination, cooperation with news media. By real-time press briefing, rumors
clarified and stopped, panic eliminated.
E Construction of refuge for public safety has achieved a good result
Refuge construction is the most important method to guarantee life safety of
citizens at crisis. It is the top concern of the municipality. By far, there are 386
refuges for emergency use in the whole city, 37 of which are municipal level, 349 are
district level. 7 municipal level over ground cover an area of 600,000 sq. meters,
which can accommodate 436.000 people at the same time, more than 30
underground mainly for air attack.
Meditation on resilient construction of the city of Wuhan for the next step
In the process of rapid urbanization, enlargement of the size of city, problems and
shortages also emerge in terms of resilience. For the future improvement, we would
like to pay more efforts as below:
A Enhance the education and training in terms of public safety
Awareness of public safety crisis is of great help in reducing occurrence of possible
crisis, as well as reducing the loss and disorder generated by crisis or emergency.
Later in the future, education of such subject will be taken into schools. Promotion,
skill training and exercise will be strengthened among citizens to improve their
ability for anti-crisis.
B Enhance the planning and assessment of urban public safety
Construction of early warning and monitoring system is priority in prevention and
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elimination of risk and crisis. Analysis and study of risk is necessary for a city, by
which we should make reasonable special planning and timing of human activities.
The support of science of high technology should be largely used in the research and
study in this sector, such as remote sensing, topography, geographical exploration,
meteorological study, etc.
Then the forecast of all information of possible crisis and emergency can offer
conductive reference for both the citizens and the government.
C Reinforce the construction of emergency administration system
Prevention is more important than treatment. Preplan plays a role of planning and
guiding in anti-crisis, turning people from unprepared to fully prepared. So the
preplan system should be more feasible and easily operated, and promoted to
community level, to rural area, to all kinds of organizations and units of a city. With
regards to improving the precaution, we can try to establish anti-crisis fund,
insurance of responsibility and super-serious disaster, and promote charity
development, to form strong financial support backup. In terms of material
preparation, reserve of all kinds of material, communication equipments, life utensils
should be adequate. Meanwhile, special teams should be trained effectively and
constantly to raise the ability of cooperation.
D Intensify the information sharing system, improving sound communication
among government, news media and citizens
We have embraced a time of information. The government should guide the medias
to interfere in emergency events under the principal of “just, fair and open”. Social
power should be motivated in crisis treatment. Meanwhile, monitoring of news
release should be paid high attention. Especially we should be prudent in the release
of information regarding public safety. In addition, the government should enhance
exchange and cooperation with citizens, especially NGOs, give them a full play in
anti-crisis.
In general, on the occasion of crisis, the government should make people more
confident, and the people should give more faith to the government, news media
should play a good bridge between the two. If so, a sound communication will be
generated among the three parties to achieve a good treatment of crisis and a rapid
recovery from crisis.
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Last but not least, I’d like to take this opportunity to invite you to visit our city and
exchange with us in this sector and others as well, to know each other, to
understand each other, to learn from each other, and to find chances of cooperation.
That’s all for my speech today. Thank you for your patience.
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A Presentation at the Fourth Congress of the
United Cities and Local Governments – Asia Pacific
Jakarta 2 October 2012
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Partnership for Governance Reform
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1. Introduction
2. Why local governments and communities?
3. Current challenges faced by cities in the Asia-Pacific region – and the need to rethink about the way we plan and to rethink about the way we plan and manage cities
4. The need for cities to be resilient
5. The need for most/many local governments to be reformed
6. A few case studies
7. Conclusions and recommendations
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� A ������������� is one that has developed capacity to help absorb future shocks and stresses to its social, economic and technical systems and infrastructures so as to still be able to maintain essentially the same economic and technical systems and infrastructures so as to still be able to maintain essentially the same functions, structures, systems and identity [www.resilientcity.org as quoted in the conference TOR]
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� National regulations and institutionalization (In the case of Indonesia: Law 24/2007 and establishment of BNPB) and local implementationimplementation
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� Many other local areas and communities are not yet covered or adopting the preparedness measures
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“Graduated”LGs
One way of national government engages LGs for sustainable urban resiliency
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Period-1 Period-2 Period-3 Period-4 Period-5
National government provides incentives & disincentives for capable LGs
“Graduated”LGs
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Similar principle of increasing local participation should also be applied to any other externally-induced initiatives
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� Yet, there are a number of challenges in engaging LGs to adopt and implement
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engaging LGs to adopt and implement the necessary measures
� The challenges are of various levels
� There are particular ways in approaching LGs, which potentially help ensure more sustained implementation of the principles
Future Challenges
• Increase of population and migration to urban
areas
• Depletion of stock of non-renewable natural
resourcesresources
• Degradation of upper catchment areas
resulting in flood and freshwater shortage
Policy to meet the challenges
• Efficiency of the use of non renewable resources
• Intensification of the use of renewable resourcesresources
• Optimization of the use of land in accordance with its carrying capacity
• Sustainable growth with equity to the people
� Sustainable development with green growth as a tool
Strategy to meet the challenges
• Green growth (GG) is not a goal but merely a tool to sustainable development
• Sustainable development is the ultimate objective of implementing GG
• Implementation of GG should be directed • Implementation of GG should be directed towards the achievement of sustainable economic growth with equity – Green Economy
• Strategic Environment Assessment (SEA) as a main tool for spatial planning (Act. No. 32 Year 2009, Article 15)
ELEMENT OF GREEN ECONOMY
• Low Carbon
• Resource efficiency
Socially Inclusive• Socially Inclusive
(UNEP, 2011)
GREEN ECONOMY IN PRACTICES - PRIVATE
• SUSTAINABLE MINING
PT Medco E&P Indonesia (Oil and gas)
The Intensive Planting Program, PT MedcoE&P Indonesia Kampar Block replants twiceas many trees as the cleared land. Up to2011, the company has planted 137 treesthat absorb carbon dioxide. PT Medco E&P
Initiated by private sector
that absorb carbon dioxide. PT Medco E&PIndonesia Kampar Block also recycles organicwaste and turns them into compost. Localpeople are involved in this program, whichcan recycle an average of 200 kilograms ofwaste per month, half of which is turned intocompost.
RE – LC - SI
Source:Overview Indonesia’s
Sustainable Development
• SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRY
PT. HOLCIM Indonesia (Cement)
For ex-mining site conservation, PT Holcim
Indonesia-Cilacap Factory conducted
reclamation activity in Nusakambangan site
area by planting 8,670 native trees in the
GREEN ECONOMY IN PRACTICES - PRIVATE
Initiated by private sector
area by planting 8,670 native trees in the
22.8 hectare area (or 20.2% of the total
operational site) in 2010. The company also
planted hard-wood trees in 29.1 hectare of
site in Jeruklegi, or approximately 28.1% of
the total operational site. The reclamation
activities reached almost 100%.
LC
Source:Overview Indonesia’s
Sustainable Development
• SUSTAINABLE CITIES
Green Building and Low Carbon Development
Implementation of Green Buildingpractices is a component to support lowcarbon development through policies andprograms on increasing energy and water
GREEN ECONOMY IN PRACTICES - GOVERNMENT
Initiated by Government
programs on increasing energy and waterefficiency using environment-friendlyconstruction materials, and using low-carbon technology. The government alsoencourages all stakeholders to participatein tackling climate change issue in thebuilding construction sector through theMinistry of Environment Regulation No.8/2010 on Criteria and Certification ofEnvironment-Friendly Buildings.
LC Source:Overview Indonesia’s
Sustainable Development
• SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Sustainable Food Reserve Garden
Ministry of Agriculture has also
developed programs to empower rural
family to build its own capacity in food
security. One of them is development
of Food Reserve Garden (FRG). FRG is
GREEN ECONOMY IN PRACTICE - GOVERNMENT
Initiated by Government
of Food Reserve Garden (FRG). FRG is
implemented by involving communities
and relevant parties at central and
regional levels The pilot of FRG was
established in February 2011 at Jelok,
Kayen Village, Pacitan, East Java
RE - SI
Source:Overview Indonesia’s
Sustainable Development
• SUSTAINABLE CITIES
Green City Development
Green City Development, Green city program started with raising Green City
initiatives and commitments from 60 cities and districts through the
formulation of Green City Action Plan (RAKH) in 2011. The 60 cities and
districts will have to implement the action plan in 2012
GREEN ECONOMY IN PRACTICE - GOVERNMENT
Infrastructure
Program will focus on three out of eight green city attributes:
1. City planning and design which accommodate the green agenda
2. Creation and development of green open space and urban green open
space network
3. Raising community’s sensitivity, awareness and active roles in developing
green city’s attributes (green planning and design, green open space,
green community, green building, green energy, green water, green
transportation, and green waste)
Source:Overview Indonesia’s
Sustainable Development
• RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Self Reliant Energy Village (DME)
The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) has launched a program
that handles self-reliant energy village program (DME). The DME program is a
program of energy supply by utilizing the potential energy found in that village
from both biofuel and non-biofuel with technology that can be operated by the
local people, such as Biofuel technologies, Micro-hydro, Wind Energy Technology,
GREEN ECONOMY IN PRACTICE - GOVERNMENT
local people, such as Biofuel technologies, Micro-hydro, Wind Energy Technology,
Solar Technology, Biogas Technology, Biomass technology, and others. The DME
program is intended as an entry point for the first rural economic activities
launched by the President of Indonesia in Grobogan Village, Central Java in
2007and is followed by other villages throughout Indonesia. At the end of 2009 it
is expected to achieve 850 DME and at the end of 2014 it is expected to form
3000 DME
Source:Overview Indonesia’s
Sustainable Development
• RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
Cinta Mekar Hydro Power
One of the most recognized micro hydro power project in indonesia is that is developed by yayasan ibeka in cinta mekarvillage (Cinta Mekar Micro Hydro Power Plant/MHPP). It catapults ibeka's
GREEN ECONOMY IN PRACTICE - LOCAL
Plant/MHPP). It catapults ibeka'sreputation in developing public private and community based micro hydro power plant. The cinta mekar project is a 120- kW micro hydro power plant (MHPP) designed to generate supply of grid connected electricity. The project is located in CintaMekar village, Subang, West Java, about 150 km from the capital city of Jakarta. Cinta Mekar, which consists of four sub-villages, is home to 646 families. Prior to the start of the project, 102 households were without electricity Source:Overview Indonesia’s
Sustainable Development
� Individual initiatives by local communities, private companies, and government efforts indicates practices that may eventually lead to sustainable development.
� However, aggregation of individual efforts at national � However, aggregation of individual efforts at national level may not fully lead Indonesia to green economy, unless some policy actions are taken
� Analysis from various studies indicates Indonesia is still in very low ranking in terms of carbon in the world, still not efficient in using its resources, while the inequality of distribution of income remains
� Jakarta has introduced the bus rapid transit, the emission inspection and the introduction of gas as fuel for public transport.
� Even if all vehicles in Jakarta switch to cleaner fuel, the problem of heavy traffic, inefficiency of energy use will not be solvednot be solved
� A good mass rapid transport (MRT system) needs to be put in place in order to promote a more intensive use of public transport and better efficiency and cleaner use of energy resources
� The Government needs to develop more new energy and renewable energy resources that are cleaner than conventional fossil energy
� Economic instruments need to be put in place in order to apply the polluters pay principle
� A fiscal reform needs to be introduced where higher tax be imposed to activities with more intensive use of resources and more carbon emission and tax of resources and more carbon emission and tax incentive be imposed to activities with more efficient use of resources and less carbon release
� Moratorium of conversion of forest and protected areas that has been taken by the Government should be maintain until further evaluation
• The concept of sustainable development, let alone green
growth, might not be well understood in our country. However,
Local wisdom becomes the basis for further developing best
partices of sustainable development principles, in more focus
way, in a more systemic way, that may eventually lead the
country to culture herself as a sustainability society. The
Government will play a role of facilitating and encouraging good
GREEN GROWTH IMPLEMENTATION
Government will play a role of facilitating and encouraging good
sustainable development practices at all level that will result in
the increase of resilience of our economy in coping with
potential crises in the next decade, be in food, in energy, in
water, and in climate change. Greening the economy will be
developed into the development of sectors at middle and low
level that will increase the resilience of our economy, by
gradually replacing the domination of extractive economy and
industry.
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The National League of The National League of The National League of The National League of
Communes/Communes/SangkatsSangkats
Geographical Areas
� Areas: 181,035 km2
� Population:14.7 million (Census 2008)� Capital: Phnom Penh (1.2 millions)� Provinces: 23
Sub-National Structure� Provinces/Capital (24)
� Disticts/Muinicipalities/Khans (194)
� Communes/Sangkats (1,633) (directly elected by citizens)
Energy AccessEnergy Access
Access to modern cooking fuels Access to modern cooking fuels 7.97.9urbanurban % HH, 2008 % HH, 2008 37.3 37.3 ruralrural % HH, 2008 % HH, 2008 1.5 1.5
Electricity Access, nationalElectricity Access, national % HH, 2010 % HH, 2010 29.7 29.7 Electricity Access, nationalElectricity Access, national % HH, 2010 % HH, 2010 29.7 29.7 urbanurban % HH, 2008% HH, 2008 8787
ruralrural %% HH, 2008HH, 2008 13 13
No. of people w/o access to electricity (2009) (mil.) No. of people w/o access to electricity (2009) (mil.) 11.311.3Population served by offPopulation served by off--grid sources (grid sources (minigridsminigrids, HH systems), HH systems) 4%4%
Electricity access target Electricity access target 70% of70% of HH in 2030 (100% of villages) HH in 2030 (100% of villages)
Renewable EnergyRenewable Energy
-- BiomassBiomass
-- BiogasBiogas
-- BiofuelBiofuel
-- SolarSolar
-- WinWin-- WinWin
-- HydroHydro
-- Mini/Micro/Mini/Micro/picopico hydro powerhydro power
-- Other Renewable Energy sourcesOther Renewable Energy sources
Transportation InfrastructureTransportation Infrastructure
-- SkippersSkippers
-- National HighwaysNational Highways
-- RailwaysRailways
-- HighwaysHighways
-- Rural roadsRural roads-- Rural roadsRural roads
-- Seaports and harborsSeaports and harbors
-- AirportsAirports
Role of Public TransportationRole of Public Transportation-- Buses companies increase considerably but without any short Buses companies increase considerably but without any short
distance busdistance bus
-- Railway’s just renovated (Aug 2012)Railway’s just renovated (Aug 2012)
-- Taxi meter, Taxi meter, TukTuk tuktuk, , motomoto dup, dup, cyclocyclo, , remoqueremoque motomoto
-- No subway No subway
Energy Consumption to be reducedEnergy Consumption to be reduced
-- Bio digestersBio digesters
-- Small hydroSmall hydro power and power and biofuelbiofuel
-- Hybrid diesel Hybrid diesel
-- Biomass wastes/Biomass wastes/biocharbiochar productionproduction
-- Biomass Biomass gasifiergasifier
-- Used fuel generatorUsed fuel generator-- Used fuel generatorUsed fuel generator
-- Geothermal/wind Geothermal/wind
Efficiency of EnergyEfficiency of Energy
-- Loans of DPs focused on the natural resources and energy Loans of DPs focused on the natural resources and energy
-- National National MiodigesterMiodigester ProgramProgram
-- Rural Energy Strategy Program (National Gov.) Rural Energy Strategy Program (National Gov.)
-- Rural electrification based on renewable energy (solar lanterns, Rural electrification based on renewable energy (solar lanterns,
JatrophaJatropha) )
Challenges Regarding Energy, Challenges Regarding Energy,
Renewable Energies and Renewable Energies and
Rural Energy inRural Energy in CambodiaCambodia
-- Institutional StructureInstitutional Structure-- Policy and Regulatory FrameworkPolicy and Regulatory Framework-- ProgrammeProgramme ConcernsConcerns-- Access IssuesAccess Issues-- Access IssuesAccess Issues-- Financing ConcernsFinancing Concerns-- Gender ConcernsGender Concerns
-- Monitoring and Monitoring and EvoluationEvoluation FrameworkFramework
Other resources to be increasedOther resources to be increased
-- Green technologyGreen technology
-- Forest Forest replantationreplantation
-- BiomassBiomass
-- BiogasBiogas
-- BiofuelBiofuel
-- SolarSolar
-- WinWin
-- HydroHydro
-- Other Renewable EnergyOther Renewable Energy
Efficient circular economy Efficient circular economy
helps protect environmenthelps protect environment
-- Since theSince the 1990th,1990th, Cambodia’s economic growth around 10%Cambodia’s economic growth around 10%
-- Plus,Plus, revenues from minerals and newly found oil and gas reservesrevenues from minerals and newly found oil and gas reserves
-- Although its economic growth, funding support for environmental Although its economic growth, funding support for environmental
protection and management is still poorprotection and management is still poorprotection and management is still poorprotection and management is still poor
-- Land grabbing, illegal logging, illegal fishingLand grabbing, illegal logging, illegal fishing and mineraland mineral extraction extraction
are major concernsare major concerns
-- However, local communities with funding support from dev. partners However, local communities with funding support from dev. partners
have established fishery and forestry communities.have established fishery and forestry communities.
UCLG ASPAC Members: Towards Low Carbon
Cities
By
Kalanidhi Devkota, Executive Director
Municipal Association of Nepal (MuAN)
UCLG ASPAC Congress, Borobudur Hotel, Jakarta, 3 Oct. 2012
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8.2
8.1
7.1
6.2
Toronto
Shanghai
New York
London
Per Capita Emissions (In Tonnes)
2.76
2.31
2.25
1.97
1.83
19.7
Jamshedpur
Gurgaon
Visakhapatnam
Ranchi
Kolkata
Washington, DC
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76%
76% of the total emission coming from Transportation
14%1%2% 7%
0%
Residential Commercial Industrial Transportation Waste Others
7% of the total emission coming from Waste
Points to be Noted
� The GHG emission in Washington DC can be responsible for thedroughts in Uganda, floods in the Philippines and Indonesia andmelting glacier in Nepal
� Climate-induced disasters such as floods, landslides and droughtshave killed more than 4,000 people in Nepal alone over the last 10years. The economic losses caused by disasters add up to about USDyears. The economic losses caused by disasters add up to about USD5.34 billion in Nepal
� World Bank's annual investments of US$ 140–175 billion are projectedfor the next 20 years and another US$ 30–100 billion per annum forclimate change adaptation.
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� Regional LG Associations i.e., UCLG ASPAC, CITYNET, ICLEI etc need
to play strategic roles by involving ASEAN, SAARC etc.
� National LGAs i.e., MuAN, NLC/S, ADKASI etc have to support their
members to develop their capacity, help develop GHG inventory &
implementation
� National LGAs should advocate and lobby for low carbon policy and
engage private sector to invest in renewable energy, sustainable transport
such as electric vehicle and cycle friendly roads.
� National LGAs should ensure LG are incorporating responses to climate
change in their planning, investment decisions, and emergency-
preparedness plans.
� Nepal prepared its National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA) for
adapting to extreme climate events through consultative process. The
document was shared with Parties to the UNFCCC in November 2010.
� National Framework for Local Adaptation Plan for Action (LAPA) has also
Initiatives in Nepal
been developed for implementing adaptation actions, and integrating
climate change into local development planning.
�����������4�����-� ������������
� MuAN and ICLEA SA are coordinating
“Toward Zero Waste in SA” supported by EU for 3 years
Implementing cities are:
� Coimbatore & Simla (India)
� Matale (Srilanka)
� Phunstonling (Bhutan)
� Hetuada & Tansen (Nepal)
� North Dhaka City (Bangladesh)
AGRE (Austria) and VVSG (Belgium) Technical Supporter
�
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Private Sector Financing Schemesfor Strategic Urban Infrastructure
InvestmentsInvestments
William Young
UCLG ASPAC Congress
October 2012
Table of Contents
• Introduction
• Seeking financing from the private sector
• Private sector trends relating to debt and equity
type financingtype financing
• Projects and return profiles
• Criteria and Risks
Introduction
New Risk to Europe's Growth: Banks Cut Lending to Cities Source: Wall Street Journal, 7 June 2012
Across Southeast Asia, public works are being expanded by governments needing to counter a slowdown in global demand and sustain an acceleration in growth that has made the region one of the few bright spots in a volatile world economy.Source: Reuters, 2 September 2012
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) estimates that Southeast Asia’s 10 countries need at least $60 billion a year to fund ambitious infrastructure work. Source: Reuters, 2 September 2012
Infrastructure projects are not without danger. Execution problems and cost overruns are common. Land acquisition can be thorny — laws sometimes don’t help — and financing can be complicated.Source: Bloomberg, 8 September 2012
Introduction
In affluent Singapore, the roads are good and public housing is the envy of most other countries, but a jump in the population in the recent years has caused problems.Source: Reutersl, 15 September 2012
"Providing effective infrastructure for trade will be critical to help ASEAN economies move be critical to help ASEAN economies move progressively into more complex and higher-value manufacturing and production, including meeting rising demand from a growing middle class in the region," the ADB’s Goswami said.
Seeking financing from
Private Sector
• Reduction in bank financing
• Vast increase in public projects
• Reduction in public money (tax revenue)
• Increasing population and aging population
• Need to understand drivers for private investors
Private Sector Trends to
Debt and Equity
• Increase conservatism in the private sector (risk
appetite)
• Private investors are on a wait and see
approach due to the global economyapproach due to the global economy
• More stringent assessment criteria
• Wanting more control
• Higher weighting on risk premium
• Looking for preservation of equity
• Better alignment of interest
• Transparency
Project and Return Profiles
• 5 year term for development type projects (time
bound)
• Higher expected returns
• Guarantee equity/Project guarantee by • Guarantee equity/Project guarantee by
government (Europe)
• Investor involvement in decision making
• Working together with private sector investors in
developing projects, Australia is a good example
Criteria and Risks
• Executional risks and cost overruns
• Country risks & transparency
• Sound legal framework
• Green and sustainable projects• Green and sustainable projects
• Well defined exit strategies
• Government support/continuity
• Development support/reliable partners
• Reporting in English and to international
standards
UCLG ASPAC – Congress
Jakarta, October 3, 2012
Copyrights: University of Washington
Urban Infrastructure Financing
Accessing Infrastructure Financing
2
What kind of infrastructure financing is
available for cities in Indonesia?
What should cities do to access the
financing?
Source of Financing
C
I
T
I
E
S
Cities own funds
National Government
Other Local
Government
Financial Institutions
Retail/people
ONSHORE FUNDS
Corporations
Foreign
Governments
International Donor
Agency
Financial Institutions
OFFSHORE FUNDS
Corporations
Sub-
sidiary
Loan/
Grant
Agree-
ment
Nat-
Gov.
PPP
Local
Corp.
3
4
Source of Infrastructure Financing for Cities
National Government
Other Local Governt
Retail/ People
Bonds Grant Loan
Subsidiary Loan /Grant Agreement
Loan
Governmt Investm.
Fund
Private Sector
Loan
Bank Non Bank
PPP
Financial Institutns
Corpora-tions
(non FI)
Loan
Budget Mechanism (APBD) Budget Mechanism(APBD)
Grant
Ministries’ Budget &
Mechanism
Cities/Local Government
5
Council
Approval
Proposal
Cities
Summary
of Prop
DRPPLN (List
of Priority)
DRPLN-JM
(List of
Potential
Activities)
REJECTED
RPPLN (Plan
for Offshore
Financing)
Inform plan
for DRPLN
Feasible
?
List of
Activities
(Projects)
Planning Agency
Ministries or
SOE Evaluation on
administration,
technical and
financial
Increase
Readiness
Meet
Req?
YES
NO
Ministry of Finance
NO
REVISE/IMPROVE
YES
1
2
3
4
56
7
9
Ministries or
SOEDetail
Proposal
7
Ministries or
SOE
Meet
readiness
criteria
8
3 mth after
Medium-
term Dev
Plan, revised
annually
6 mth after
Medium-
term Dev
Plan
Source: PER.004/M.PPN/2011
Subsidiary Loan Agreement Procedure
When forwarding the loan, the
Government (Ministry of
Finance) enters a subsidiary
loan agreement with cities.
Characteristics:
1. Grant is mostly used for preparation or assistance funds.
2. Cities involvement is quite limited in proposing grant.
3. Ministries can forward funds to cities as either grant or loan
(PER.004/M.PPN/2011). Each Ministry has its own mechanism of
distributing funds to cities e.g. RPIJM (Public Works).
Finding out financing mechanism in Sectoral Ministries
Type of Financing – Grant
Source:
National Government/Ministries
Offshore funds
G
R
A
N
T
7
Type of Financing – Loan
Characteristics:
1. Each financing has a different mechanism but all is subject to PP
30/2011
2. Some lenders are more stringent than others
3. Loan requires strong fiscal capacity, good financial management as well
as some degree of transparency
Source:
National Government (PIP, PT SMI, PT IFF)
Offshore funds – through SLA
Financial Institutions
Other LGs
Retail (Bonds)
More suitable for income generating projects
L
O
A
N
8
Type of Financing – PPP
Characteristics:
1. The part offered to private sector should be interesting enough for them
to participate
2. PPP requires advance knowledge on project structure
3. Initiatives can come from Ministries/Cities or Private Sector
Source:
National Government (PIP, PT SMI, PT IFF)
Private Sector (Corporations, State-Owned Enterprise, Local
Government Owned Companies and Cooperatives): PP56/2011
allows foreign legal entities
A PPP project can be a combination of different financing types
P
P
P
9
Challenges in Accessing Financing
Packaging. Packaging is about how to design financial scheme of a project to
be not only attractive but also fits the risk profile of each source of funds. This is
all about creativity, skills and experience.
Execution. Successful infrastructure financing needs not only good planning
but more importantly execution starting with establishing a team, timeline, target.
Financial Gap. Most cities depend on budget transfer from Government
which currently still dominates the city financial income structure (around 70-80%
of the total income) and is just enough for routine expenditures.
Prioritization. Considering the limited amount of funds, cities need to
prioritize their infrastructure projects.
Case-studies of cultural planning and impacts
Application of Culture in City Planning Process
1. Consider a recent cultural event or activity in
your local government area
2. Discuss and reflect on any cultural impacts, 2. Discuss and reflect on any cultural impacts,
changes or issues that were uncovered
3. Think though the next similar event and in
planning would you enhance the cultural
impact or seek to reduce the cultural impact
4. How would you do it differently?
Critical Issues: Matrix Overview
• Step 1: Brainstorming exercise – What are the critical issues?
(And what are the objectives in relation to those critical issues?)
• Step 2: Brainstorming exercise – What are the criteria for assessing issues?
(e.g. cost, urgency, ability to affect)
• Step 3: Consider driving forces and pressures • Step 3: Consider driving forces and pressures
• Step 4: Analyse Issues
– A. Compare and rate criteria
– B. Compare and rate issues – against all criteria
– C. Assess impacts (positive and negative) between issues
• Step 5: Interpret results
– What is the overall assessment of positive vs negative impacts?
– What is the final shortlist of material issues?
Critical Issues Matrix
• Iterative
• Continual
• ‘Virtuous’ Cycle• ‘Virtuous’ Cycle
• Compatible with
macro-strategic
review processes