2-konsep dasar sistem (sim)

8/20/2019 2-Konsep Dasar Sistem (SIM)

1/49

SISTEM INFORMASISISTEM INFORMASIMANAJEMENMANAJEMEN


2/49

Konsep Dasar Sistem,

,Informasi


3/49

SISTEM, DATA DAN INFORMASI

Sistem

PendekatankomponenKumpulan darikomponen yang saling berhubungan satu

dengan yang lainnyamembentuk satukesatuan untuk mencapai tujuantertentu

PendekatanprosedurKumpulan dariprosedur-prosedur yang mempunyai

tujuan tertentu


4/49

Subsistem

Subsistem

Batassistem

Karakteristik Sistem

Sub

sistem

Subsistem

Lingkungan luar

Penghubungsistem


5/49


What Is a System? System: A set of components that work together to achieve a

common goal

Subsystem: One part of a system where the products of more

5

an one sys em are com ne o reac an u ma e goa

Closed system: Stand-alone system that has no contact withother systems

Open system: System that interfaces with other systems


6/49


6

Figure 1.3

Several subsystems make up this corporate accounting system.


7/49


Data: Serangkaian fakta-fakta yang mencerminkan

kejadian yang terjadi dalam organisasi atau lingkungan

phisik sebelum diorganisir dan disusun ke dalam sebuah

bentuk yang bisa dipahami dan digunakan secara efektif oleh

Informasi:

- Data yang diolah menjadi bentuk yang berguna bagi para

pemakainya (meaningful context ).

- Data yang sudah diproses

- Data yang diproses dengan cara penjumlahan,

mengurutkan, merata-ratakan, menbandingkan, etc.


8/49


Meaningful context:

- context : - informasi bervariasi dari orang ke orang

- informasi dari satu orang bisa menjadi data

menurut context orang lainconto :

- departemen produksi menghasilkan informasi berupa

ikhtisar aktifitas harian

- ikhtisar kegiatan harian di departemen produksi menjadi

input untuk buku besar umum di departemen akuntansi

dalam rangka menghasilkan informasi seperti nerasa dan

laba rugi bulanan.


9/49


Data

Raw facts such as an employee’s name and number of hours worked in a week, inventory part numbers or sales orders.

Information

A collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional

value beyond the value of the facts themselves.

Data Information

$35,000 12 Units

$12,000 J. Jones Western Region$100,000 100 Units

35 Units

DataProcessing

Salesperson: J. Jones

Sales Territory: WesternRegion Current Sales: 147Units = $147,000


10/49


Sistem Informasi: Kumpulan komponen-komponen yang saling berhubungan yangmengumpulkan, memproses, menyimpan danmendistribusikan informasi untuk mendukung

pengambilan keputusan dan pengawasan .

SIM– Merencanakan, mengembangkan,mengelola dan menggunakan peralatan TI

untuk membantu orang-orang dalammelaksanakan semua tugas-tugas yangberhubungan dengan pemrosesan danpengelolaan informasi


11/49

Characteristics of good information

1. Accurate2. Timely3. Relevant

- to context - to subject

4. Just sufficient5. Worth its cost


12/49

Figure 1.2 Characteristics of useful information


13/49

Information Systems

An information system(IS) is typically considered to be aset of interrelated elements or components that

collect(input), manipulate(processes), and disseminate

(output) data and information and provide a feedback

mechanism to meet an objective.


14/49

Figure 1.1 Input-process-output


15/49


16/49

Data, Information, and Systems

16Figure 1.6 Components of an information system


17/49

An Information System is an organized combination of people, hardware, software, communication networks andthe data resources that collects, transforms and disseminatesinformation in a organization.

Computer-based Information System


18/49


The Four Stages of Data Processing

Input: Data is collected and entered into computer.

18

mathematical, statistical, and other tools.

Output: Information is displayed or presented.

Storage: Data and information are maintained for later use.


19/49

IT VERSUS IS

Information Technology (IT):

- Refers to the products, methods, inventions, andstandards that are used for the purpose of producing

information. - consists of all the hardware and software that a firm

use in order to achieve its business objectives.

Information System (IS):

- an assembly of hardware, software, data, procedures,and people that interact produces information.

- IS can be understood by looking from both atechnology and a business perspective.


20/49

INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY

Hardware

Software

Databases

are used to build

INFORMATION

PayrollSystem

Inventory System

IT Vs IS

Networks

Other relatedcomponents

MarketingSystem

CustomerServiceSystem


21/49

Perkembangan peran sisteminformasi

-

Era jejaring global

Era jejaring

Pertengahan 1990-an

1970-an – 1980-an

1960-an – 1970-an

Awal 1950 - awal 1960-an

Era informasi

Era operasional

Eraakuntansi


22/49

Expanding Roles of IS

1. Data Processing: 1950s-1960s

2. Management Reporting: 1960s-1970s

3. Decision support: 1970s-1980s

4. Strategic and End User Support: 1980s-1990s

5. Global Internetworking: 1990s-2000s


23/49

Classification of IS

Information Systems

Operations Support

System ManagementSu ort S stem

Transactionprocessingsystems

Processcontrolsystems

Officeautomationsystems

Managementinformationsystems

Decisionsupportsystems

Executiveinformationsystems


24/49

1. Operations support systems process data generated by business operations

Major categories are:i) Transaction processing systems

ii) Process control systems

iii) Office automation systems

2. anagemen uppor ys ems prov e n orma onand support needed for effective decision making by managers

Major categories arei) Management Information System

ii) Decision Support Systems

iii) Executive Information System


25/49

1. Operations Support System

i) Transaction processing systems

• Process business exchanges

• Maintain records about the exchanges

• Handle routine, yet critical, tasks

• Perform simple calculations

ii) Process control systems monitor and controlindustrial processes.

iii) Office automation systems automate officeprocedures and enhance office communications andproductivity.


26/49

2. Management support systems provide information

and support needed for effective decision making by managers

Major categories are:

i) Management information systems

Operational efficiency

Use transaction data as main input

Databases integrate MIS in different functional areas


27/49

ii) Decision Support System

• Interactive support for non-routine decisions orproblems

• End-users are more involved in creating a DSS than an

MIS

iii) Executive information systems

Provide critical information tailored to the information

needs of executives


28/49

Other categories :

a) Expert systems : Expert Systems are knowledge-based

systems that provides expert advice and act as expertconsultants to the users

b) End user computing systems : End user computingsystems support the direct, hands on use of computers by

end users for operational and managerial applications

c) Business information systems : Businessinformation systems support the operational andmanagerial applications of the basic business functions of

a firmd) Strategic information systems : Strategic

information systems provide a firm which strategicproducts, services, and capabilities for competitiveadvantage


29/49

Peran utama sistem SI dalam bisnis

Mendukungendukung

berbagaierbagai

strategi untuktrategi untuk

keunggulaneunggulan

kompetitifompetitif

Mendukungendukung

berbagaierbagai

strategi untuktrategi untuk

keunggulaneunggulan

kompetitifompetitif

Mendukung pengambilanendukung pengambilan

eputusan dalam bisniseputusan dalam bisnis

Mendukung proses dan operasi bisnisendukung proses dan operasi bisnis


30/49

Middle management

Seniormanagement

Informasipemecahanmasalah

Informasi

pengarahan

Operational management

Production & service workers

Data workers

knowledge workers perhatian

Informasi

pengumpulan data


31/49

Tipe Informasi

Informasipemecahan

masalah

Merupakan informasi untuk membantumanajer atas mengambil keputusanpemecahan masalah yangdihadapinya

Merupakan informasi untuk membantu pengarahan

perhatian

manajemen memusatkan perhatianpada masalah2 menyimpang dankesempatan2 yang dapat dilakukan

InformasiPengumpul-

an data

Merupakan informasi yang berupaakumulasi atau pengumpulan data


32/49

Manajemen senior : membuat keputusan strategik jangkapanjang tentang produk dan jasa yang ditawarkan untukmemastikan tercapainya kinerja keuangan perusahaan.

Manajemen tingkat menengah : menjalankan program danrencana yang sudah dibuat oleh manajemen senior .

Knowledge worker (ex; ilmuwan, insinyur, arsitek) :

mendisain produk atau jasa dan menciptakan pengetahuan .

Manajemen operasional : bertanggung jawab mengawasiaktifitas bisnis sehari-hari.

Production or service worker : menghasilkan produk dan

menyampaikan jasa. Data worker (ex; sekrektaris) : membantu semua level yang

ada di perusahaan.


33/49


34/49

Pendekatan Kontemporer SI

Ilmu

Ilmukomputer

Operationresearch

Pendekatan teknis

manajemen

Sosiologi

EkonomiPsikologi

SIM

Pendekatan perilaku


35/49

Pendekatan teknis :

Menekankan model berbasis matematika untuk mempelajari SI. Disiplin atau ilmu yang berperanterhadap pendekatan teknis adalah pengetahuankomputer, pengetahuan manajemen, dan risetoperasi.

Merupakan bagian penting dari SI yang berkaitandengan isu-isu perilaku yang muncul dalampengembangan dan pemeliharaan SI jangkapanjang.

NextBack


36/49

Lists categories of knowledge

Why information systems are necessary

What are the fundamental terms

What are the essential technologies

What are the basic information s stem t es

How information system are to be managed anddeveloped

How to find out about new technology


37/49

Knowledge category Example

Why Need for IS • competitive advantage

• problem solving•Decision making

What Fundamental terms • CPU• DBMS•IP address

Essential Technologies • Relational data model•LAN WAN Internet • HTML, XML

IS types • CRM• ERP• DSS

How Methodologies • data modeling• Systems development• Security management

Technology frameworks • Systems development life cycle


38/49

IS as Discipline

IS is an interdisciplinary field influenced by Computer Science, Political Science,Psychology, Operations Research,

Linguistics, Sociology, and Organizational

Theory.


39/49


40/49

Challenges

1. Workforce downsizing

2. Information overload 3. Employee mistrust

4. Difficult to built

5. Security breaches


41/49


42/49

Information Systems

Why Do People Need Information?

Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment

42

Businesses - Decision making, problem solving andcontrol


43/49


Information and Managers

Systems thinking

Creates a framework for problem solving and decision making.

43

business.


44/49


44

Figure 1.5 Qualities of humans and computers that contribute to synergy


45/49


The Benefits of Human-Computer Synergy

Synergy

When combined resources produce output that exceeds the sum of

45

Allows human thought to be translated into efficientprocessing of large amounts of data


46/49

Why Study IS?

Information Systems Careers Systems analyst, specialist in enterprise resource planning (ERP), database

administrator, telecommunications specialist, consulting, etc.

Knowledge Workers Managers and non-managers

46

Employers seek computer-literate professionals who know how to useinformation technology.

Computer Literacy Replacing Traditional Literacy

Key to full participation in western society


47/49

Ethical and Societal IssuesThe Not-So-Bright Side

Consumer Privacy

Organizations collect (and sometimes sell) huge amountsof data on individuals.

47

mp oyee r vacy

IT supports remote monitoring of employees, violatingprivacy and creating stress.


48/49

Ethical and Societal IssuesThe Not-So-Bright Side

Freedom of Speech IT increases opportunities for pornography, hate speech, intellectual

property crime, an d other intrusions; prevention may abridge free speech.

IT Professionalism

48

--professions.

Social Inequality Less than 20% of the world’s population have ever used a PC; less than 3%

have Internet access.


49/49

THE END

NextBack

2-konsep dasar sistem (sim)

Documents