UNDERSTANDING GENRE

STANDAR KOMPETENSI:

Membaca: Memahami makna teks fungsional pendek dan esei sederhana dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari dan untuk mengakses ilmu pengetahuan. KOMPETENSI DASAR:

- Merespon makna dalam teks fungsional pendek resmi dan tak resmi yang menggunakan ragam bahasa tulis secara akurat, lancar dan berterima dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari.

- Merespon makna dan langkah retorika dalam esei yang menggunakan ragam bahasa tulis secara akurat, lancar dan berterima dalam konteks kehidupan sehari-hari dan dan untuk mengakses ilmu pengetahuan dalam berbagai bentuk teks.

TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN:

Setelah melaksanakan pembelajaran, siswa dapat: - Membedakan berbagai bentuk teks - Memahami ciri-ciri dan esensi teks - Mengemukakan gagasan pokok dari berbagai teks - Mengemukakan detil informasi yang ada dalam teks - Mengemukakan makna dan tujuan komunikasi teks

GLOSSARY:

Genre is a particular type or style of literature that you can recognize because of its special features.

UNDERSTANDING GENRE

NO TYPE OF TEXT COMMUNICATIVE

PURPOSE EXAMPLES

TEXT ORGANIZATION

LANGUAGE FEATURES

1. NARRATIVE A piece of writing that tells a story

1. To tell a story about something or someone.

2. To amuse or entertain the readers/ listeners

short stories, folktales, legends, myths, fables, novels, cartoon strips, picture books

1. Orientation 2. Complication 3. Resolution 4. Re-orientation

1. Past tense 2. Nouns 3. Pronouns 4. Noun phrases 5. Time connectives

& conjunctions 6. Adjectives 7. Adverbs 8. Adverbial phrases

of time & place 9. Action verbs,

Saying verbs Thinking verbs, feeling verbs, verbs of senses

10. Direct speech & indirect speech

2. RECOUNT A piece of writing that tells events in chronological sequence

To reconstruct past experiences by retelling events in the order which they have occurred

incident report, newspaper report, police reports, articles, letters, journals, historical account, diary entries

Personal Recount 1. Orientation 2. Events 3. Evaluation

Factual Recount 1. Orientation 2. Events

1. Nouns 2. Pronouns 3. Action verbs 4. Past tense 5. Time conjunctions 6. Adverbs 7. Adjectives

3. ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION

A piece of writing that tries to convince the readers to agree with the writer’s viewpoint by analyzing a certain issue within the text

To put forward a viewpoint about something

newspaper, editorials, debates, speeches

1. Thesis 2. Arguments 3. Reiteration

1. Simple present tense

2. Words that qualify statements

3. Words that link arguments

4. Passive voices 5. Modal auxiliaries 6. Connectors

4. HORTATORY EXPOSITION

A piece of writing that persuades the readers to accept the writer’s point of view by showing the information in a logical way

To persuade the readers to agree with the writers

newspaper, editorials, political speeches, advertisements

1. Thesis 2. Arguments 3. Recommendation

1. Simple present tense

2. Words that qualify statements

3. Words that link arguments

4. Passive tenses 5. Modal auxiliaries 6. Connectors

5. DISCUSSION A piece of writing that explores the pros and cons or the advantages and disadvantages of an issue to allow the readers to reach a logical conclusion

To present arguments/ opinions/ information from different viewpoints

newspaper, editorials, thesis, journals, debates

1. Issue 2. Arguments-for 3. Arguments-

against 4. Conclusion or

recommendation

1. General nouns 2. Relating verbs 3. Thinking verbs 4. Additive

connectives 5. Contrastive

connectives 6. Causal connectives 7. Modalities 8. Adverbs of manner

6. DESCRIPTIVE A piece of writing that lists the characteristics of a person, place or thing

To describe a particular person, place, or thing

biographies, autobiographies, magazine specifications

1. Identification 2. Description

1. Pronouns 2. Nouns 3. Adjectives 4. Noun phrases 5. Prepositions 6. Adverbs 7. Linking verbs 8. Present tense 9. Attributive have

and has

NO TYPE OF TEXT COMMUNICATIVE

PURPOSE EXAMPLES

TEXT ORGANIZATION

LANGUAGE FEATURES

7. REPORT A factual information about specific subjects like social phenomena, nature, and man-made things.

To give factual information about specific subjects

science reports, weather reports

1. General classification

2. Identification

1. Present tense 2. Adjectives 3. Pronouns 4. Adverbs 5. Quantifier 6. General nouns 7. Relating verbs 8. Behavioural verbs 9. Attributive ‘have’

and ‘has’

8. PROCEDURE A piece of writing which consists of instructions to follow

To tell the steps in doing or making something in sequential order

instruction manuals, recipes

1. Goal 2. Materials 3. Steps

1. Present tense 2. Adjectives 3. Nouns 4. Imperative verbs 5. Quantifiers 6. Sequence

connectors

9. EXPLANATION A piece of writing that gives straightforward information about the process related to the formation of natural social, scientific, and cultural phenomena

To enable the readers to understand the processes involved in the formation or the working of natural, social, scientific, and cultural phenomena

reports on natural phenomena, articles on scientific inventions, documentary films

1. General statement

2. Explanation

1. Focus on generic, non-human participants

2. Simple present tense

3. Adverbial phrases 4. Noun phrases 5. Action verbs 6. Passive voice 7. Technical language

10. REVIEW A piece of writing which presents a critique of an art work or event

To critique an art work, event for a public audience

book review, film review, song review

1. Orientation 2. Interpretive

recount 3. Evaluation 4. Evaluative

summation

1. Attitudinal lexis 2. Qualitative

attributes 3. Affective mental

processes 4. Metaphorical

language

11. NEWS ITEM A piece of writing about an important event or situation that happens on a particular day

To inform readers or listeners of the details of events, accidents, or incidents that have happened

informative articles

1. Newsworthy event(s)

2. Background event(s)

3. Sources

1. Action verbs 2. Adjectives 3. Connectors 4. Pronouns 5. Adverbs 6. Present tense 7. Past tense 8. The use of

journalist’s 5 Ws

12. ANNOUNCEMENT A public statement giving people information or news

To give a formal written notice of certain events

written notice, news of birth, wedding, & events

1. Opening 2. Content 3. Closing

1. Simple present 2. No connectors

13. LETTER A piece of handwritten or printed text addressed to a recipient and typically sent by mail

To communicate through written symbols

letters to editors, letters of complaint

1. A sender’s address

2. A send date 3. A recipient

address 4. Greetings 5. Contents of the

letters 6. Leave-takings 7. Sender’s signature

1. Written in any tenses

2. Emotive words are only available in personal letters

3. Passive voice 4. Modal auxiliaries 5. Verbs 6. Verb phrases 7. Connectors 8. Subjunctive

opinions using pronouns I and We

14. MESSAGE A written communication similar to a letter but without the formal address blocks at the beginning, especially one that is circulated to people within an office or organization

To communicate in brief

memorandum, short notice, short message service

1. Recipient’s name 2. Sender’s name 3. Subject 4. Date 5. Content

1. Present tense 2. No connectors 3. Subjects are

omitted

NO TYPE OF TEXT COMMUNICATIVE

PURPOSE EXAMPLES

TEXT ORGANIZATION

LANGUAGE FEATURES

15. ADVERTISEMENT A public announcement in a newspaper or on the radio, television or internet advertising about something such as a product for sale or an event

To promote an idea, a product or influence behaviour

advertisements on newspaper, magazines, etc

1. Name of the product

2. Explanation about the product

3. Contact person

1. Present tense 2. Persuasive words 3. Connectors 4. Passive voice 5. Subjective opinions

using pronouns I and We

15. BROCHURE Also known as a pamphlet. It is a thin, boundless booklet and usually gives information about upcoming events

To give information about something such as forthcoming events, holiday sites, etc

brochures of workshops, brochures of institutions

1. Title 2. Date 3. Time 4. Place 5. Additional

information (ticket box, price)

1. Present tense 2. Passive voice

SAMPLES of TEXTS

NARRATIVE Orientation Major complication Resolution Complication Resolution Complication

Major resolution

RECOUNT Orientation Event Event Event

ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION Thesis: Position Argument 1 Argument 2 Argument 3 Conclusion

Snow White

Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her Aunt and

Uncle because her parents were dead.

One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle

because they both wanted to go to America and they did not have enough money to take

Snow White.

Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to do this so she decided it would be best

if she ran away. The next morning she ran away from home when her Aunt and Uncle were

having breakfast. She ran away into the woods.

She was tired and hungry.

Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she went inside and fell

asleep.

Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There they

found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said,

“What is your name?” Snow White said, “My name is Snow White.”

Doc said, “If you wish, you may live here with us.” Snow White said, “Oh, could I? Thank

you.” Then Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story and Snow White and the seven dwarfs

lived happily ever after.

Kang Choi Hwan was born into a loyal family that had once lived in the large Korean

community of Japan. In Kyoto, his grandfather had been supporter of Kim Il Sung, North

Korean’s Great Leader since 1945. In 1961 the grandfather returned with his family to North

Korea and had important government post.

Within months, however, he was complaining to friends that North Korea was not the

country he had expected. He was shocked to see so much poverty, which he eventually came

to blame on the government’s stifling grip on the economy. One morning in July 1977, when

Kang was nine, his grandfather left for work and never returned.

A few weeks later, seven plain clothes security guards stormed into Kang’s house. “Your

grandfather betrayed the fatherland,” one of the men stated. “You must be punished.”

Kang’s parents and grandmother sobbed as they forced Kang to pack their belongings into

two army trucks. The family was driven off, but Kang’s mother was left behind, spared because

her own father was regarded as a revolutionary hero. That was the last time Kang ever saw

her.

In Australia there are three levels of government, the federal government, state government and local government. All of these levels of government are necessary. This is so far for a number of reasons. First, the federal government is necessary for the big things. They keep the economy in order and look after things like defense. Similarly, the state government look after the middle sized things. For example, they look after law and order, preventing things like vandalism in school. Finally, local government look after the small things. They look after things like collecting rubbish, otherwise everyone would have diseases. Thus, for the reasons above we can conclude that the three levels of government are necessary.

HORTATORY EXPOSITION Thesis Argument 1 Argument 2 Recommendation

DISCUSSION Issue Argument ‘for’ Argument’ against’ Conclusion

DESCRIPTIVE Identification Description

Nowadays people use the internet for communicating with others. Many of them share

their feelings, ideas, opinions, and problems in social networks. In fact, sharing problems on

social networks embarrasses themselves and really annoys others.

On Facebook and Twitter, fickle teenagers post their problems. Those who share their

problems on special networks really irritate other people. Social network is not a place for

sharing personal problems. As a user of social networks, their statuses bother me. I want to

update myself with the recent news, but reading their personal problems on the social

networks is a nuisance.

Besides, netizens sharing problems on social network only shame themselves. Other

netizens will think they have miserable lives. These miserable netizens indirectly present

themselves as impolite internet users with bad attitudes because they do not care about

embarrassing themselves.

In my view, netizens should not share their problems on social networks. It is better for

them to write their feelings in a diary or have a private talk with friends. Personal problems

shared on the social networks only show their negative side.

Video games have become a controversial issue for parents and educators. Those who are

in favor of video games believe that video games have some benefits. However, people who

are against video games consider these game have several negative effects.

In the proponents’ point of view, video games function as a form of light entertainment.

As a part of a balanced entertainment, games can provide stress relied for kids, help with

aspects of coordination and concentration on visual details, and help kids relate to one another

in some forms of healthy competition.

On the contrary, the opponents of video games think that video games have some

disadvantages. Video game players are prone to aggressive thoughts, attitudes and actions.

Violent video games cause children to be less sensitive to the pains and suffering of others. A

study also shows that these children are more fearful of the world around them. In addition,

video games make the players addicted. Furthermore, too much time on any video

entertainment takes away time spent on school work. As a result, the games cause children to

weaken their school achievement.

In conclusion, parents should limit their children on playing video games. Children can play

video games at their leisure but parents should think about how well-balanced it is. Violent

video games also can be thought as treats.

On the banks of the Chao Phraya, Bangkok’s “River of Kings”, lies a hotel that has already set new standards of hospitality for this celebrated city. Set in magnificently landscaped tropical gardens, the Shangri-La Bangkok provides guests with all the charm and warmth of the Orient, and at the same time, an unsurpassed range of facilities and leisure activities. There is a choice of 12 superb settings to wine and dine, a large swimming pool that overlooks the river, convention centre and meeting facilities for up to 2,000 people and a 24-hour business centre. From every single guestroom and suite, there is a breathtaking view of all the exotic hustle and bustle of the fabled “river of Kings”. One might expect such a well-equipped and positioned hotel to be miles away from the city centre. But at the Shangri-La Bangkok, the business district and the main shopping areas are minutes away. For more that 200 years, Bangkok’s grandeur has been reflected in the waters of the Chao Phraya. Today the Shangri-La Bangkok towers beside the majestic river offer its guests the golden promise of the East.

REPORT General classification Identification

PROCEDURE Materials needed Steps

EXPLANATION General statement Explanation Explanation Explanation

The platypus is a semi-aquatic mammal endemic to eastern Australia, including Tasmania. It

is one of the five extent species of monotremes, the only mammals that lay eggs instead of giving

birth to live young.

The body and the broad fat tail of this animal are covered with dense brown fur that traps a

layer of insulating air to keep the animal warm.

It uses its tail for storage of fat reserves. It has webbed feet and a large rubbery snout. These

are features that appear closer to those of a duck than those of any known mammal.

Weight varies considerably from 0.7 to 2.4 kilograms, with males being larger than females. A

male averages approximately 45 centimetres.

The platypus has an average body temperature of 32 degrees Celcius than 37 degrees Celcius.

That’s typical of a placental mammal.

The Hole Game

two players

one marble per person

a hole on ground

a line (distance) to start from

First, you must dub (click marble together).

Then, you must check that the marbles are in good condition and are nearly worth the same value.

Next, you must dig a hole in the ground and draw a line a fair distance away from the hole.

The first player carefully throws his or her marble towards the hole.

Then, the second player tries to throw his or her marble closer to the hole than his or her opponent.

The player whose marble is closest into the hole tries to flick hos or her marble into the hole. If

successful, this player tries to flick his or her opponent’s marble into the hole. The person’s flicking

the last marble into the hole wins and gets to keep both marbles.

A Brief Summary of Speech Production

Speech production is made possible by the specialized movements of our vocal organs that generate speech sounds waves. Like all sound production, speech production requires a source of energy. The source of energy for speech production is the steady stream of air that comes from the lungs as we exhale. When we breathe normally, the air stream is inaudible. To become audible, the air stream must vibrate rapidly. The vocal cords cause the air stream to vibrate. As we talk, the vocal cords open and close rapidly, chopping up the steady air stream onto a series of puffs. These puffs are heard as a buzz. But this buzz is still not speech. To produce speech sounds, the vocal tract must change shape. During speech we continually alter the shape of the vocal tract by moving the tongue and lips, etc. These movements change the acoustic properties of the vocal tract, which in turn produce the different sound of speech.

REVIEW Orientation Evaluation Evaluation Evaluative summation

NEWS ITEM Newsworthy event Background event Sources

ANNOUNCEMENT Opening Content Closing

My family of three went to see an early screening of the new Disney movie, “Brave” yesterday,

so I thought I would write a quick “mommy” review of the film.

Disney definitely break the standard “Disney Princess” mold with this movie as Princess Merida

is a fun, outgoing and wild girl that for once is not in search for the love of a prince. The characters

in the movie are entertaining and I loved the way the Scottish culture comes out in the movie. I

found myself wishing for more music though, which is one of the things that I truly love about past

Disney movies. I would compare this movie more with Shrek” than a movie like “Tangled”.

As to the age of the kids that would like this movie I would have to say maybe 5 years old and

up. The movie is not quite engaging enough for very young viewers, which was a little disappointing

for our three years old. There were parts of the movie that our daughter enjoyed, but it is engaging

enough for younger viewers in the audience and made them cry, so be forewarned of this if you are

bringing children under the age of five years old.

I have always been a big fan of Disney movies so on a 5-star scale I would rate this 4-star movie.

It’s definitely not a favourite, but I give it four stars for the relationship that was built between

Merida and her mother. I think this offers a great lesson to appreciate your family and truly listen

to each other’s needs and concerns.

DENPASAR – Bali is to host the Indonesian Coffee Festival in Ubud on September 15 to 16 this

year to better promote Indonesian coffee and make the country a coffee hub for the world.

Tourism and Creative Economy Deputy Minister Sapta Nirwandar said that the festival would be

one of the most important tourist events of 2012 as the ministry was currently developing culinary

tourism. “Cuisine, including coffee, is strongly related to tourism and Indonesian coffee is among the

best in the world. Thus, we want more people to know our coffee by conducting this festival,” Sapta

told reporters in Jakarta on Tuesday. “We also want to make kopi tubruk (ground coffee beans served

with scalding hot water) and kopi luwak (civet coffee) more popular through the festival.”

Tuti Mochtar, a member of the festival committee, who is also a coffee producer, said there

would be 40 booths on the festival serving all kinds of coffee varieties from across the country, from

Aceh to Papua.

(taken from ‘Jakarta Post’)

Announcement

In accordance with the international security regulation, the following items are never allowed

to be taken onto a plane by passengers, either in their carry-on bags or in their checked luggage:

weapon, including knives and guns, explosives, including dynamite and fireworks.

The following items may be placed in checked luggage but not on carry-on bags: tools, including

hammers, screwdrivers and wrenches; sports equipment such as golf clubs, baseball bats, skis and

ski poles.

When you pass through the security line, all bags will go through the security line, all bags will

go through our X-Ray machines and some bags will be manually checked by personnel as well.

Thank you for your cooperation. Have a safe pleasant flight.

LETTER Sender’s address Send date Recipient’s address Greetimg Content Leave-taking Sender’s signature

MESSAGE Recipient’s name Content Sender’s name

ADVERTISEMENT Name of the product

Explanation about the

product

Contact person

PT EUREKA Jl. Jendral Sudirman112-116 Palembang May 21, 2014 PT Internusa Jl. Gatot Subroto 101 Jakarta

Dear Sir or Madam,

We are interested in becoming a distributor for your software products in Palembang. Would

you please send us your latest catalogs, brochures, and terms of agreement?

We are a hardware company and eager to add software products to our sales offering. Our

annual reports is enclosed.

We look forward to hearing from you soon.

Sincerely yours,

Reza Pramudya

Chairman

To All Third Grade Students

All library books have to be returned on the twenty-second of May, 2011. They should be

covered with non-colourful wrapping plastic. Lost books must be replaced with the ones of

similar subjects. Fine will be charged to the late return of the books. Students who have handed

back all books will get receipts that have to be submitted to the administration officers.

Library Staff

EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISMS 4

Organic Fermentation Bacteria

To Increase Cattle Productivity

EM-4 is a mixture of microorganism that gives the benefit for cattle growth and product.

Usage:

1. To increase smell pollution

2. Too balance mutual microorganism

3. To increase the quality and quantity of cattle product

How to use:

1. To get satisfying result, dissolve 1 cc EM-4 per litre of water every day.

2. Spray I cc EM per litre of water every week on the floor, wall and manure.

Agent: PT Songgolangit Persada Jakarta Distributor

Jl. Ki Hajar Dewantara 46, Jakarta

Phone: (021) 7891234

BROCHURE

Title Additional information Place Date Time

EXERCISES TEXT 1

1. The text tells you about ______. A. an old man with his faith D. a crazy old man B. an old man with his neighbours E. dying old man C. a mad old man 2. How was Takahama’s character? A. He was a humorous person. D. He was a sociable person. B. He was an indolent person. E. He was a hilarious person. C. He was a pathetic person. 3. Who was Akiko? A. She was Takahama’s fiancé. D. She was Takahama’s sister. B. She was Takahama’s niece. E. She was Takahama’s mother C. She was Takahama’s sister-in-law. 4. Which statement is not true according to the text? A. Takahama went every day to Akiko’s grave and prayed for her happiness. B. Takahama lived near Akiko’s grave. C. Takahama resolved not to marry after Akiko’s death. D. Takahama became very ill on summer day. E. Takahama chased the white butterfly out into the garden.

BOOK FAIR

Antiquarian and Second-Hand Books Display for Sale Assembly Hall Crescent Road, Tonbridge Wednesday, Thursday and Friday (1st, 2nd, 3rd April) 10 a.m. – 5 p.m. Saturday and Sunday (4th, 5th April) 10 a.m. – 8 p.m. Admission

The White Butterfly

An old man named Takahama lived in a little house behind the cemetery of the temple of Sozanji. He was extremely friendly and generally liked by his neighbours, though most of them considered him a little mad. That was because he was very old but he did not want to get married. He did not have the desire for intimate relationship with women. One summer day he became very ill, so ill, in fact, that he sent for his sister-in-law and her son. They both came and did all they could to bring comfort during his last hours. While Takahama fell asleep, they watched a large white butterfly flew into the room and rested on the old man’s pillow. The young man tried to drive it away with a fan; but it came back three times, as if it was very loath to leave the sufferer. At last Takahama’s nephew chased it out into the garden, through the gate, and into the cemetery beyond, where it lingered over a woman’s tomb, and then mysteriously disappeared. On examining the tomb the young man found the name “Akiko” written upon it, together with a description narrating how Akiko died when she was eighteen. Though the tomb was covered with moss and must have been erected fifty years previously, the boy saw that it was surrounded with flowers, and that the little water tank had been recently filled. When the young man returned to the house he found that Takahama had passed away, and he returned to his mother and told her what he had seen in the cemetery. “Akiko?” murmured his mother. “When your uncle was young he was betrothed to Akiko. She died shortly before her wedding day. When Akiko left this world your uncle resolved never to marry, and to live ever near her grave. For all these years he has remained faithful to his vow, and kept in his heart all the sweet memories of his one and only love. Every day Takahama went to the cemetery, whether the air was fragrant with summer breeze or thick with falling snow. Every day he went to her grave and prayed for her happiness, swept the tomb and set flowers there. When Takahama was dying, and he could no longer perform his loving task, Akiko came for him. That white butterfly was her sweet and loving soul.”

Adapted from: http://www.pitt.edu

5. The word “It” (paragraph 3, sentence 2) refers to … A. the garden B. the cemetery C. the tomb D. the white butterfly E. the gate 6. What type of text is used by the writer?

A. Narrative D. Descriptive B. Report E. Recount C. News item

7. To tell the plot, the writer uses _______.

A. A rhetorical question and an exclamation D. Past tenses B. Time sequences E. Concessive conjunctions C. Contrastive evidence

TEXT 2

8. The purpose of the text is ______

A. to describe persons and characters D. to persuade the readers to have many friends

B. to tell a sequence of events E. to teach the readers how to make friends

C. to entertain the readers

9. The followings are Firsty’s characters ____

A. cheerful, humorous, and sensitive D. determined, humorous, sensitive

B. cheerful, confident, and strong-minded E. sensitive, confident, serious

C. determined, sensitive, and funny

10. What is Jonathan like?

A. He is fat, easy going, and funny. D. He is plump, humble, and sensitive.

B. He is fat, stubborn, and funny. E. He is friendly, easy going, and slim.

C. He is chubby, diligent, and sensitive.

11. What is Hana’s favourite?

A. She loves Chemistry. D. She loves painting.

B. She loves cats. E. She loves singing.

C. She loves watching TV.

My Very Best Friends

I believe that a friend is an angel who lifts us off our feet when our wings have trouble remembering how to fly. It means that our friends are people who will always be there for us any time we need them. I’m so lucky because I have three best friends. They are Firsty, Ronald and Jonathan. We have known each other since we were four years old. We met in the kindergarten. Since then, we always go to the same school. Moreover, our houses are still in the same block. We do everything together. Our motto is “United we stand, divided we fall”. It means “together we are stronger”. Now, let me introduce my friends one by one. Firsty is the youngest among us because she was born in December. We call her “The Sweety Firsty”. Her father is French. She is tall and slim. She’s about 171 cm. She has long straight hair. Actually the color of her hair is blonde. However, she dyed her hair black since last year. She has beautiful blue eyes, an oval face and pointed nose. “The Sweety Firsty” is a cheerful, confident, and determined girl. However, she is a little bit careless and stubborn. She has many cats in her house. There are about nine cats. She loves them all. One of her favourite is a little orange cat. She calls her ‘Shinny’. Firsty loves to dance and sing. Nevertheless, she wants to be a model. Ronald’s nickname is Ron. Most of girls in our school love and adore him. There’s no doubt about his good looking. We call him “The Charming Ron”. His height is 176 cm. Ron has straight hair and perfect face. He is an intelligent and introvert person. Above all, he is humble. He was crowned as The Best Student this year. He won so many prizes on Math, Chemistry and Physic competition. However, his favourite subject is Chemistry. He wants to be a chemist someday. Jonathan is a funny person. He can always find a way to make the people around him laugh. I wonder what it is in his head for he can create jokes spontaneously. Jonathan’s nick name is Jo. He is plump. He’s about 168 cm tall. His weight is 80 kg. That’s why we call him “The Big Jo”. He has a round face with brown eyes. His spiky hairstyle makes him easily recognized. Jo is a humorous, friendly and an easy going person. He is a movie freak. He would never miss any new movie in the cinema. He dreams of becoming a famous actor one day. About me? Well, my name is Hana. I’m the shortest one among them. I’m about 160 cm tall. I have long wavy hair with round face. My friends call me “The Chubby Hana” because I also have a chubby check. Most people, even my parents say that I’m a careful, generous and diligent person. They also say that I’m a bit sensitive. I love painting. I spend much time in my small studio just painting. That’s all about me and friends of mine. Even though we are quite different, we love each other and will keep this relationship for good.

12. Which statement is true according to the text?

A. Firsty has a round face. D. Hana has long straight hair.

B. Jonathan wants to be a chemist. E. Jonathan is plump.

C. Ron wants to be an artist.

TEXT 3

13. What is the most significant factor in evaluating a job? A. location D. prestige B. how much you like it E. value to your career C. salary

14. Which is NOT mentioned as a sacrifice for a valuable job? A. moving to other region D. low salary B. moving to other country E. bad working hours C. no benefits 15. What is wrong with taking a job outside your career path? A. You will earn less. D. People will complain to you. B. You will be a part of the team. E. People will give you advice. C. You won’t perform well. 16. What is the writer’s best advice? A. Take the job offered. D. Think before accepting a job. B. Consider changing career. E. Find a job with the highest salary. C. Don’t work with other people. 17. What type of text is used by the writer? A. Procedure D. Discussion B. Explanation E. Exposition C. Recount 18. Sentence 2 up to 7 show us ________. A. methods D. descriptions B. arguments E. events C. elaborations

TEXT 4

If you want to advance your career, you will have to make some careful decision about which jobs to take. Evaluate a job offer for the value it has to your career. It may mean sacrifice at first. You may have to move to a different region or different country to get a job that is right for you. You may have to work late hours, at least temporarily. You might even have to take lower salary for a job that offers you the experience you need. But you should never accept a job if it is not related to your career goals. Accepting a job that is not within your career path will not give you the training or experience you need or want. You will find yourself frustrated in such a position and consequently will not perform your best. This will have an effect on the people around you who will not feel as if you are being part of the team. The best advice is to think carefully before accepting any position and make sure the job is the one you want to have.

The alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) is one of the two members of the order Crocodilia found in the U.S.

Although few full-grown alligators are to be found any more, their great size is legendary. At one time, the coastal

regions of the southeastern U.S. were the home of millions of these reptiles, and from the account of Bartram in

1791, the population was almost too great for safety.

With the increase in human population, the alligators were greatly reduced in numbers by hunters, and today

they are rarely seen in any area accessible by automobile. An authoritative account of the natural history of the

alligator was published in 1935 by E.A.Mc. Ilhenny of Avery Island, Loisiana. We have seldom had the cause to

disagree with the published result of his lifelong experiences, and we remain indebted to him for much useful

information.

The anatomy of the alligator has been studied from the middle of the last century up to the present, and hundreds of the papers have been written on the subject. A fairly comprehensive treatise published by Reese in 1915 has been a guide for much of the more recent work, and is still helpful to those using the alligator for research. Neither the physiology nor the biochemistry of the alligator had been studied in much detail prior to the work described here. In the early years of the century when metabolism was being investigated in many different

types of animals, several experiments were conducted on reptiles. Benedict, Krehl and Soetbeer, and others used the alligator, and comparisons were made of the caloric, requirements of cold – and warm-

blooded animals.

19. Krehl and Soetbeer studied ___________ of the alligator. A. the physiology D. the metabolism B. the size E. the natural history C. the anatomy 20. One important cause of the declining of the alligator population was _______. A. hunters D. changes in weather conditions B. overpopulation E. experiments carried out by scientists C. automobiles 21. “……… and we remain indebted to him for much useful information.” (Paragraph 2) The synonym of the underlined word is __________. A. responsible D. accountable B. obliged E. bound C. owing 22. Sentence 1 _________. A. tells an orientation D. gives a general classification B. poses a thesis E. elaborates an explanation C. shows an abstract

TEST 5

23. What does the text talk about? A. Different opinions about Facebook? D. The way Facebook was invented B. Ways to use Facebook properly E. The history of Facebook C. Steps to make a profile in Facebook

24. What is NOT the benefit of Facebook? A. It is one of the ways to the express the real us D. It offers an alternative activity to kill the time B. It enables us to get more knowledge E. It helps people build social networking C. It provides the most effective way of communication

25. Which paragraph shows that Facebook is very popular among teenagers?

A. 1 D. 4 B. 2 E. 5 C. 3

26. What does the second paragraph talk about?

A. The popularity of Facebook D. The photo album in Facebook B. The benefits of Facebook E. The people you can see in Facebook C. The bad impacts of Facebook

The importance of social networking has continued to grow. That’s why Facebook has easily spread like wildfire among college campuses and high schools. Today, it is practically a requirement for college and high school students to have a Facebook page, or risk being alienated from other students.

There are certainly many benefits of having a profile on Facebook and regularly updating it. It’s a great way to stay connected to friends and family all over the world.

Facebook allows users to connect with other users through networks. Many people have met their brothers and sisters who have been separated for a long time.

People can also deliver updated information about themselves on Facebook so that all of their friends know what they do or where they are today. It is very easy to load a multitude of pictures or videos to specified Facebook albums. You can “tag” your friends in these pictures, so that the pictures will show up on their Facebook profile.

Moreover, Facebook provides many games and quizzes. These features are very entertaining. They provide a fun way to keep in touch with friends.

Despite what most people think, there are also many risks created by Facebook. Even if one’s profile privacy has been restricted, it is still very easy for other people to access the profile. There is always a chance that a “predator” will find information adn use it to cause harm. In fact, many users fail to make use of privacy settings at all, leaving them that much more vulnerable to “online predators”. Also, friends may tag you in pictures or videos that you’d rather not have others see. Perhaps, you were pretty wild on one occasion last night, or were even engaging in some illegal activities. If your photos are posted up and tagged in to your friend list, consequently, a teacher or one of your parents will see these and not be very happy about it. There are many people who have not been hired because an employer did not like what they saw on the applicant’s Facebook profile, or the photos their friends put on. Moreover, Facebook wastes a lot of time. It can be pretty addicting, like any website, so make sure you set a time – limit for how long you can spend on the website, or you won’t accomplish anything. And if you’re using a computer for schoolwork, avoid Facebook at all costs, it’s one of the best procrastination tools out there. Whether or not you have a Facebook or use it on a regular basis, it’s good to know the risks and the rewards, so that you can adjust your habits to make your time spent networking safer and more rewarding.

27. Which statement is NOT true according to the text? A. The writer is conscious about the bad impacts of Facebook B. The profile on Facebook is not totally restricted C. Facebook does not bring any disadvantages D. We can upload pictures on Facebook E. Facebook can be used for communication purpose.

28. “Even if one’s profile privacy has been restricted, it is still very easy for other people to access the profile”.

(paragraph 5). What does “restricted” mean? A. banned D. closed B. opened E. prohibited C. limited

TEXT 6

29. What does the writer think of the music in “Brave”? A. Too much D. Demonstrative B. Too little E. Very beautiful C. Wild enough 30. What does the reviewer think of the movie? A. It is definitely not her favourite D. It does not have any lesson for the children B. It has a good music composition E. It gives a bad impression of a mom and daughter C. It is the same as the other Disney movies 31. How does the writer feel about the movie? A. Amazed D. Disappointed B. Frustrated E. Not worthy enough C. Appreciative 32. What type of text is used by the writer? A. Descriptive D. Narrative B. Report E. Review C. Exposition

TEXT 7

33. What does the text mainly talk about?

A. The effect of the tilt of the Earth on daylight. D. Summer and winter.

B. The distance between the Earth and the Sun. E. Orbit of Earth

C. The amount of daylight in winter.

34. We get more daylight in summer due to ______________.

A. the length of time D. the horizon’s being below the sun

B. the tilt of the Earth E. the orbit of the Earth

C. the Earth’s being closer to the sun

My family of three went to see an early screening of the new Disney movie, “Brave” yesterday, so I thought I would write a quick “mommy” review of the film. Disney definitely break the standard “Disney Princess” mold with this movie as Princess Merida is a fun, outgoing and wild girl that for once is not in search for the love of a prince. The characters in the movie are entertaining and I loved the way the Scottish culture comes out in the movie. I found myself wishing for more music though, which is one of the things that I truly love about past Disney movies. I would compare this movie more with Shrek” than a movie like “Tangled” As to the age of the kids that would like this movie I would have to say maybe 5 years old and up. The movie is not quite engaging enough for very young viewers, which was a little disappointing for our three years old. There were parts of the movie that our daughter enjoyed, but it is engaging enough for younger viewers in the audience and made them cry, so be forewarned of this if you are bringing children under the age of five years old. I have always been a big fan of Disney movies so on a 5-star scale I would rate this 4-star movie. It’s definitely not a favourite, but I give it four stars for the relationship that was built between Merida and her mother. I think this offers a great lesson to appreciate your family and truly listen to each other’s needs and concerns.

In summer, the amount of daylight that we get is more than that in winter. This is not because some people

think we are closer to the sun but because of the tilt of the Earth.

The Earth is actually closer to the sun in winter than it is in the summer, but you would be forgiven for thinking

that this cannot be true after looking out of your window on a cold and frosty morning. It seems strange that as the

Earth gets closer to the Sun during its orbit, the amount of daylight that we get decreases. But this is the case. It is

the tilt of the Earth that determines the amount of daylight that we get and so does the length of time that the sun

is above the horizon.

35. The purpose of the text is ____________________.

A. to explain the reason of the different amount of daylight

B. to prove that the Earth is close to the sun

C. to tell that winter is cooler than summer

D. to show the process of daylight

E. to describe summer

TEXT 8

36. The following time which is not on the list for the TOEFL registration is ___________.

A. Friday, 04.00 pm D. Tuesday, 10.00 am

B. Saturday, 08.00 am E. Wednesday, 11.00 am

C. Monday, 08.00 am

37. The purpose of the text is ___________.

A. to judge the activities D. to announce to the readers

B. to explain the activities E. to describe the activities

C. to entertain the readers

38. “International tests (TOEFL, GMAT or GRE) registration is now available at EAS.”

The underlined word means ___________.

A. free D. agreeable B. offered E. measureable C. valuable

TEXT 9

39. What is the letter about? A. A recommendation to close the skateboard park. D. An objection to close the skateboard. B. An agreement to reopen the skateboard park. E. An advice to reopen the skateboard park. C. A complaint about the facilities of the park. 40. The closure of the skateboard park should be rejected because _________.

A. a skateboard is a healthy game B. the park is a safe place to skate C. skateboard is a kind of entertainment D. the park is a place to show skateboard E. Children and teenagers cannot live without skateboard

American Indonesian Exchange Foundation

Services at EAS: International tests (TOEFL, GMAT or GRE) registration is now available at EAS. You don’t have to worry for your test registration. Change of Hours of Operation at EAS: In order to provide more service to students, please note that our hours of operation will change as follows beginning April 1, 2014 Monday – Friday : 08.00 – 16.30 Saturday : 09.00 – 13.00

Pre-Admission Orientation (PAO): Every Thursday from 01.00 pm – 03.00 pm This program highlights information on the educational system in the USA, selecting the appropriate institutions, general requirements for applying to a college and among other topics.

Dear Editor,

I am writing to appeal to the Town Council to review the proposed closure of the local skateboard park. Many

of the friends and I were very upset to read of the news in a recent newspaper report.

The skateboard park is enjoyed by children and teenagers after school and on weekends. It is also welcomed as

a popular pastime on holidays. Along with my friends, I have also made many new friends through going to the park.

Before the park was opened, there were limited places to skate. Consequently, we used our driveways, the road

footpaths, car parks and shopping centers. Some of these places prohibited skating because of potential danger to

both the public and skaters. On the other hand, the park provides a safe place to skate. The ramps, humps and hills

are specially designed – a lot safer than the homemade variety.

Finally, I hope this letter make other young appeal against the closure of such a popular place in our community.

Sam Skateman

41. The purpose of the letter is __________. A. to persuade people to disagree with the closure of skateboard park B. to inform there is a plan to close skateboard park C. to entertain people with skateboard D. to describe how to do skateboard E. to give news on skateboard

TEXT 10

42. The text informs us that _____________. A. a tsunami hit East Timor D. an earthquake struck off Sumatra B. a strong earthquake might have occurred E. an earthquake struck off East Timor C. a coast of East Timor was damaged 43. Which of the following statements is true based on the text? A. There were tsunami warnings due to large waves hitting the tiny nation’s coast. B. In December 2004, a massive earthquake causing tsunami killed few people. C. East Timor is located a long a series of fault lines and volcanoes. D. A weak earthquake struck off the coast of East Timor. E. The warning was retracted because it was too late. 44. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To describe the occurring cases of earthquake in East Timor. B. To inform that an earthquake struck off the coast of East Timor. C. To explain the process of earthquake in the coast of East Timor. D. To retell the earthquake that happened in East Timor to the readers. E. To present two points of view about the earthquake that happened in East Timor 45. “The warning was later retracted.” What is the synonym of the underlined word? A. evaporated D. moved B. withdrawn E. gone C. returned

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

Djuhari, Otong Setiawan. 2007. Genre. Bandung: CV Yrama Widya.

Grace, Eudia, Th. M. Sudarwati, dan Sri Mulyati. 2008. Tuntas Olah Paket Soal. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga

Tim Erlangga Fokus SMA. 2013. Fokus UN 2013. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.

DILI (AP): A strong earthquake struck off the coast of East Timor on Wednesday, prompting authorities to issue a tsunami warning, but no large waves hit the tiny nation’s coast. The 5.2 magnitude tremor struck 262 kilometers northeast of the capital, Dili, in Indonesia’s Banda Sea at a depth of 10 kilometers, the U.S. Geological Survey said. Residents in Dili did not feel any shaking and there were no immediate reports of damage or injuries. Indonesia’s Meteorology and Geophysics Agency issued a tsunami alert, saying it had been powerful enough to generate giant waves. The warning was later retracted. East Timor, a colony abandoned by the Portuguese that became Asia’s youngest country after breaking from Indonesia in 1999. Sits along a series of fault lines and volcanoes known as the Pacific Ring of Fire. In December 2004, a massive earthquake struck off Indonesia’s Sumatra and triggered a tsunami that killed more

than 230,000 people in a dozen countries, including 160.000 people in Indonesia’s western province of Aceh.