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TEKNOLOGI REPRODUKSI DAN
INSEMINASI BUATAN (1)KH SEMESTER V
DISIAPKAN OLEH
Prof.Dr.drh.Pratiwi, Ts, MS.
TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS 1
10/20/2012
T I U : SETELAH MENYELESAIKAN MATA KULIAH INI
MAHASISWA DAPAT MENGERTI DAN TERMOTIVASI
MEMPELAJARI TENTANG TEKNOLOGI REPRODUKSI
DAN INSEMINASI BUATAN (IB)
Setelah menyelesaikan mata kuliah ini mahasiswa dapat
mengerti dan termotivasi mempelajari tentang teknologi
reproduksi secara umum, dan manfaat dan kegunaannya
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:TIK
TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS
3 • Mhs dapat mengetahui informasi proses belajarmengajar, pengertian dan manfaat teknologireproduksi.
• Mahasiswa memahami peralatan dan carapenampungan semen serta prosedur evaluasi semen
• Penampungan Semen dan Evaluasi Semen
• Pengenalan jenis alat, bagian-bagian dan fungsialat
• Metode penampungan semen
• teknik penanganan ejakulat
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Deskripsi
TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS
4• Dalam mata kuliah ini dibicarakan mengenai Teknik
penampungan dan evaluasi semen, pembuatan
semen cair, pembuatan semen beku, inseminasi
buatan, sinkronisasi estrus, super ovulasi, fertilisasi in
vitro dan embrio transfer.
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Tujuan Intruksional UmumSetelah menyelesaikan mata kuliah ini mahasiswa
diharapkan menguasai
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• teknik penampungan
• evaluasi semen,
• pembuatan semen cair,
• pembuatan semen beku,
• inseminasi buatan,
• sinkronisasi estrus,
• super ovulasi,
• fertilisasi in vitro
• embrio transfer.
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TIK : Inseminasi Buatan
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• Mahasiswa dapat mengerti dan mempraktekkanteknik IB, peralatan, dan sistem pencatatan danpenilaian hasil
• Pengertian, tujuan dan manfaat serta kerugian IB
• Peralatan dan fungsi bagian alat IB, teknik merakitalat IB
• Deteksi estrus, waktu optimum untuk IB, tempatdeposisi semen
• Prosedur IB; dosis IB, teknik IB pada sapi, kerbau, kambing/domba
• Sistem pencatatan dan penilaian hasil IB
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TUJUAN AI
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PEJANTAN UNGGUL
KETURUNAN UNGGUL
MENGURANGI KEMUNGKINAN TRANSMISI
PENYAKIT
PENYELESAIAN BREEDING PROBLEM
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Ciri birahi
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Breeding Systems
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Grading-Up
Mating purebred male (sires) to unregistered or
corssbred females (dams)
Yorkshire bore X Yorkshire/Hampshire sow
Hybrid Vigor
Superior traits from crossbreeding
Offspring are better than parents
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Breeding Systems
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Inbreeding
Mating closely related animals
Brother X Sister
Son X Mother
Father X Daughter
• Linebreeding
– Breeding more distant relatives than inbreeding
– Cousin X Cousin
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Breeding Systems
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Pure Breeding
Registered male and female animals
Angus X Angus
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Breeding Systems
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Cross Breeding
Mating a male and female of different breeds
Angus X Charolais = Crossbreed
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Components of Male Reproductive Capacity
Libido
Physical ability to mate
Total available sperm production
Quality of sperm produced
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Total available sperm production:
Factors affecting
Size of testes - sperm production
Scrotal circumference
Size of cauda epididymis - storage of reserve
sperm
Cryptorchidism
Testicular hypoplasia
Effect of ejaculation of sperm production
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Process of Artificial Insemination
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Semen Collection
Two methods
Artificial vaginas
electroejaculation
Semen Processing, Storage and Handling
Insemination
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Spermatogenesis
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Trout Spermatozoa
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http://www.rennes.inra.fr/scribe/images/spermato.jpg10/20/2012
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Semen Collection
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Male is trained to mount a teaser animal or
dummy
Penis is directed into an artificial vagina that is
temperature controlled to be the same
temperature as the female.
Ejaculation occurs
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Frequency of collection
Bulls
Twice a day – 2 days/week- frozen semen
Three times a week otherwise
Sheep
Many times a day for several weeks
Boars and Stallions
Every other day
If everyday is required for short period, let rest for 2-3 days
between intensive collection.
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BENTUK ABNORMAL SPZ
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Semen Analysis
NORMAL ALAMI Alkalinity=7.2 to 7.6
Normal discharge=2-5 ml per
ejaculation
Sperm count is roughly 50-130
million per ml of ejaculate.
Morphology= <35% are
abnormal
Motility= 60% exhibit forward
motility
Survival=can live 48 hours after
ejaculation
Sterility=less than 20 million
sperm/ml
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SYARAT MINIMAL SPZ
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Macho Sperm Theory
Damaged sperm may still
fertilize an egg.
Some toxins may alter the
sperm’s chromosomes which
carry genetic information
Results infertility and
miscarriage to birth
defects, learning
disabilities and childhood
cancer and kidney cancer
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Semen
Processing
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Dillution
Can be diluted so that more animals can be bred with one ejaculate
Freezing
Use liquid nitrogen at -320 F
Storage
Put into ampules or plastic straws.
Liquid nitrogen tanks
Horse and swine semen is generally not frozen
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Insemination
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34 Estrus detection in female
Timing is important – sperm need to be injected into oviduct at ovulation
Semen is thawed and placed in inseminating device.
Technician inserts speculum into female reproductive tract into cervix
Inseminating tube is inserted and sperm is deposited.
Technician is well trained to avoid damaging the reproductive tract of females.
Cleanliness and sterilization are very important to reduce disease transmission.
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Procedures
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Cattle
Rectovaginal technique -Straw inseminating gun or pipet
Sheep
Speculum – straw inseminating gun or pipet
Laparoscopic insemination (most common)
Semen is deposited directly into the uterine horns by way of surgical procedure.
Swine
Cork screw pipet
pipet is hooked to bottle containing semen
Horse
Vaginal method
Straw inseminating gun or pipet
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TEKPRO - OVERVIEW 2012-PTS
36 Procedures for cattle
Collect semen
Freeze semen
Identify cow in heat
Thaw semen
Rectal palpation
Pass inseminating gun
Deposit semen Insemination Tubes
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Bovine Estrous Cycle•19-23 days in mature cows
•19-22 days in heifers
Cycle is divided into four periods:Pro Est Metestrus Diestrus
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Ova viability
24 - 32 h
Onset of Estrus Ovulation
Sperm Viability
12 to 30 h
8 to 12 hsperm transport
6 h
Insemination Timeline
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39 Procedures for cattle
Collect semen
Freeze semen
Identify cow in heat
Thaw semen
Rectal palpation
Pass inseminating gun
Deposit semen Insemination Tubes
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Cows
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Procedures for swine
Lubricate spirette tip
Pass through to cervix (semen not attached)
Rotate clockwise through cervix
Attach semen bottle
Deposit semen
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Procedures for Horses
Collect semen and extend
Identify mare in heat
Prepare semen (syringe and insemination tube)
Vaginal palpation
Pass insemination tube
Deposit semen in uterus
Syringe and
Insemination Tube
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Mares
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Future
Growing industry
Semen sexing
• Semen sexing
– Two million
cells
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SPERM BULL BOAR RAM STALLION
x 106 /gram of
testis/day16 27 25 20
Testis wt.
(grams)350 360 275 200
Total sperm
production. (x
109 sperm)
11 19 14 8
Length of
Spermatogene
sis (Days)
61 34 49 49
Sperm Producing Capacity
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CATTLE
DAIRY BEEF SHEEP SWINE HORSES
Volume (ml)6 4 1-2
225* -
400 60* - 100
Sperm
concentration
(billion/ml) 1.2 1.0 3.0 0.2 0.15
Total sperm
(billion) 7 4 3 45 9
Motile
Sperm % 70 65 75 60 70
Morphologicall
y normal
sperm % 80 80 90 60 70
pH 6.5-7.0 6.5-7.0 5.9-7.3 6.8-7.3 6.2-7.8
Semen and ejaculation
characteristics of farm species
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Components of Male Reproductive
Capacity
Libido
Physical ability to mate
Total available sperm production
Quality of sperm produced
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Praktikum tek rep & AI
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Jenis-jenis bahan pengencer, sifat kimia dan fisik
bahan pengencer, proporsi/komposisi bahan
pengencer.
Proses pengenceran, formulasi pengencer
daya tahan pengencer
metode penyimpanan dan kemasan
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Semen Processing
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Dillution
Can be diluted so that more animals can be bred with one ejaculate
Freezing
Use liquid nitrogen at -320 F
Storage
Put into ampules or plastic straws.
Liquid nitrogen tanks
Horse and swine semen is generally not frozen
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Praktikum semen cair
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Evaluasi semen segar; makroskopis danmikroskopis
Mahasiswa memahami dan dapat menjelaskanbahan pengencer dan prose pengenceransemen, metode penyimpanan dan kemasan
Pembuatan Semen Cair
Pengertian, tujuan dan manfaat semen cair
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Pembuatan Semen Beku
(Frozen Semen)
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Pengertian, tujuan dan manfaat pembekuansemen
Formulasi Bahan Pengencer dan AgenKrioprotektif
Problem utama pembekuan semen
Macam-macam teknik dan peralatanpembekuan semen
Kemasan semen beku
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Semen beku
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• Prosedur pembekuan semen
• Metode gliserolisasi, proses penurunan suhu ke 5
• ekuilibrasi, suhu kritis, periode pembekuan danpenyimpanan semen beku
• Metode pencairan ulang (thawing), macam-macamcara thawing, suhu thawing, penanganan post thawing
• Evaluasi semen post thawing
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Reproductive Functions (Female)
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Estrous period length by species:
Cow 12 - 18 hours
Ewe 24 - 36 hours
Sow 48 - 72 hours
Mare 90 - 170 hours
Hens & Women none
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Reproductive Functions (Female)
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Gestation and Lactation Periods:
Species Gestation Period Lactation(Milking)
Cow 275 - 285 days beef 180 - 270 days
dairy 305 - 365 days
Ewe 115 - 142 days 60 - 90 - 120 days
Sow 112 - 115 days 21 - 42 days
Mare 330 - 345 days 90 - 150 days
Woman 270 days ? years
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Reproductive Functions of the Female
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Estrous cycle - time from one heat period (or menstrual cycle) to the next.
Length of estrous cycle by species:
Cow 19 - 21 days
Ewe 16 - 17 days
Sow 19 - 21 days
Mare 21 - 24 days
Woman 28 days
Hen none
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Estrous Length of the cycle
Estrus When animal is in heat
Sexual receptivity
Species Length of
Estrous
Duration of
Estrus
Estrus to
Ovulation
Cattle 21d 15 h 24-32 h
Pig 21 d 50 h 36-44 h
Sheep 17 d 30 h 24-30 h
Horse 21 d 7 d 5 d
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Estrous detection
Observation
Computerized estrous detection
Chin-ball marker
Heat mount detectors
Paint/chalkPaint/chalk
Chin-Ball marker
KAMAR
Electronic Heat Detection 10/20/2012
Illustrates how the Electronic Heat Detection System works
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Cow not in heat
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Hafez (1992), Austin & Short (1982) Toelihere
(1985), Hunter (1981), Sulisbury & Van Demark
(1985).Macfarlane at.al. (1992
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