Teknik AudioTeknik Audio

Oleh : DRS.YOPI SOEPRIYONOOleh : DRS.YOPI SOEPRIYONOSMK Negeri 4 JakartaSMK Negeri 4 Jakarta

Dasar AudioDasar AudioSatuan Listrik

Satuan Ukuran untuk Besaran Simbol

Voltelectrical "pressure"

Tegangan V

Amperethe flow of electrons

Arus A, I

Watt power W, P

Ohmresistance to current flow  R

Ohmimpedance, reactance

 X

Farad capacitance F, C

Henry inductance H, L

Hertz frequency Hz

Tipe Penguat (Amplifier)Tipe Penguat (Amplifier)

Penguat Tegangan (Voltage Penguat Tegangan (Voltage Amplifier)Amplifier)

Penguat Tegangan memperkuat Tegangan input biasa Penguat Tegangan memperkuat Tegangan input biasa menggunakan konfigurasi Common Base menggunakan konfigurasi Common Base

Penguat Arus ( Current Amplifier )Penguat Arus ( Current Amplifier ) Penguat Arus memperkuat Arus biasa menggunakan konfigurasi Penguat Arus memperkuat Arus biasa menggunakan konfigurasi

Common CollectorCommon Collector

Penguat Daya ( Power Amplifier )Penguat Daya ( Power Amplifier ) Kombinasi dari keduanya ,mampu memperkuat arus maupun tegangan , Kombinasi dari keduanya ,mampu memperkuat arus maupun tegangan ,

biasa menggunakan Common Emitorbiasa menggunakan Common Emitor

Simbol dan WiringSimbol dan Wiring

Rumus-rumus Rumus-rumus DasarDasar

Hukum Ohm :

R = V / I , V = I . R dan I = V/R

Daya :

P = V . I , P = I 2. R dan P = V2/R

Reaktansi :

Xc = 1 / (2 * π * f * C)

XL = (2 * π * f * L)

Decibell (dB) :

dB = 20 * log (V1 / V2) dB = 20 * log (I1 / I2) dB = 10 * log (P1 / P2)

Frekuansi Cuttoff :

Fc = 1 / (2 * π * R * C)

TransistorTransistor

Jenis transistor PowerJenis transistor Power

Penguat TransistorPenguat Transistor

Konfigurasi PenguatKonfigurasi Penguat

Konfigurasi PenguatKonfigurasi Penguat

Prategangan Transistor ( Prategangan Transistor ( Bias )Bias )

Bias Basis ( Base bias)Bias Umpan balik kolektor ( Collector Feedback Bias )Bias Pembagi Tegangan ( Voltage Devider Bias )

Penguat FET dan Penguat FET dan MOSFETMOSFET

Push Pull amplifierPush Pull amplifier

Push Pull amplifier 2Push Pull amplifier 2

Push Pull amplifier 3Push Pull amplifier 3

LOUDSPEAKER ACTIVELOUDSPEAKER ACTIVE

TV

Tone Cantrol

VCD

Driver

Catu Daya

Amplifier

DIAGRAM BLOK

HASIL AKHIR

SKEMA LOUDSPEAKER SKEMA LOUDSPEAKER ACTIVEACTIVE

680 pF

100n

4K7

VOLUME

BALANCE

1K

22K

1K

TREBLE

BASS

1K5

1M

2K2

10K

10K

Q1C945

10uF/25V

3n9

15n

5K6

1K

1000 uF/25 V 100n

1uF/25V

1uF/25V

470

10uF/25V

220n

1 Ohm

100n

1 Ohm

100n22n

22n

2200uF/25V

TD

A 2

00

4IC 1

1

5

7

9

11

8

10

24

6

DC12 V - 15 V

LS

+

-

Rancangan BOX dan Rancangan BOX dan PanelPanel

20 Cm

8 cm

POWER

VOL BAL TREBLE BASSLOUDNES

HiFi 80 W ACTIVE SPEAKER

50 cm

24 cm

26 c

m

Ø 2,5”

Ø 5 cm

Ø 6 “

8 cm

20 cm

8 cm

19,3

cm

10,7

cm

PANEL CONTROL

PANEL CONTROL

GAMBAR RANCANGAN BOX

Power ampli 60 WattPower ampli 60 Watt

20 Watt Power Amp20 Watt Power Amp

Catu daya simetrisCatu daya simetris

Gambar rangkaian dan Gambar rangkaian dan ICnyaICnya

50 watt power amplifier50 watt power amplifier

Ic lm 3876Ic lm 3876

OTL 40 Watt Power AmpOTL 40 Watt Power Amp

Catu daya non simetrisCatu daya non simetrisuntuk OTL power amplifieruntuk OTL power amplifier

OCL 50 wattOCL 50 watt

Pcb layoutPcb layout

OTL 35 WattOTL 35 Watt

PA GitarPA Gitar

Power Ampli TDA 2005Power Ampli TDA 2005

Stereo HIFI MungilStereo HIFI Mungil

Pre-AmpPre-Amp

  Preamp Head Tape Pick Up Mic Aux1

X C:500 pF R:47 k R:47 k R:47 k

R1 810 1k 1 k 1 k

R2 12 k 560 k Hub. Singkat Hub. Singkat

R3 330 k 56 k 100 k 10 k

C2 22 uF 47 uF 47 k 47 uF

C3 - 6,8 nF  - -

C4 10 nF 1,5 nF 100 pF -

Tone ControlTone Control

Power Amplifier Power Amplifier TA7230ATA7230A

Power AmplifierPower Amplifier

Pre Amp HeadPre Amp Head

Daftar Komponen R1 = R5 = 56k C2 = C6 = 1,5nF R2 = R6 = 2,2M C3 = C7 = 22uF/10V R3 = R7 = 270 ohm C4 = C8 = 1uF/25V R4 = R8 = 330k C9 = C10 = 4,7uF/25V R9 = R10 = 100k IC = LM387

Catu DayaCatu Daya

Catu Daya VariableCatu Daya Variable

Preamp GitarPreamp Gitar

Pemasangan HeatsinkPemasangan Heatsink

Pemasangan HeatsinkPemasangan Heatsink

Penguat Operasional (Op-Amp)Penguat Operasional (Op-Amp)

Jenis Konfigurasi Pin :

Non-Inverting Amplifier :

Single Op-AmpDual Op-AmpQuad Op-Amp

Inverting Amplifier :

Penguat Op-AmpPenguat Op-Amp

Av = (Rfb1 + Rfb2) / Rfb2 Av = Rfb / RinX

Buffer AmplifierBuffer Amplifier

Balaxandall Tone ControlBalaxandall Tone Control

Fb0 = 1 / (2 * π * C * Rv) ...   where C is the cap across the pot, and Rv is the pot valueFb1 = 1 / (2 * π * C * Rs) ...   where C is the cap, and Rs is the series resistance to the potThese give (again, respectively) ... Fb0 = 1 / (2 * π * 47nF * 100k) = 33 HzFb1 = 1 / (2 * π * 47nF * 22k) = 154 HzThe treble is a little trickier, since there is an interaction with the bass control due to the bass feed resistance from the bass pot wiper. In theory the frequency is determined by Ft = 1 / ( 2 * π * C * Rb)

Gyrator ( Simulator L)Gyrator ( Simulator L)L = C1 * R1 * (R2 - R1)

F = 1 / (2 * π * √(LC)) Hz

Schmitt Trigger OscilatorSchmitt Trigger Oscilator

X = R3 / (R2 + R3) Fo = 1 / (2 * R1 * C1 * loge ((1 + X) / (1 - X))

Frekuensi Untuk rangkaian Oscilator di atas adalah :

X = 100 / 200 = 0.5 Fo = 1 / (2 * 100k * 10nF * loge (1.5 / 0.5)) Fo = 1 / (0.002 * loge (3)) Fo = 455 Hz

Phase Shift OscilatorPhase Shift Oscilator

Fo = √ 6 / (2 * π * C * R)