tecnologia sdh

8/10/2019 Tecnologia SDH

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TECNOLOGIA SDH


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Objectives

Introduction to SDH

Multiplexing

STM-1 frame

Virtual Containers (VCs)

TU coordinates

STM-N frame

SDH layers and trails

SDH network elements

SDH overhead Mapping


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INTRODUCCION


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What is SDH?

SDH = Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

It is a transport network

synchronous

fully standardized

with high bandwidth

for synchronous and asynchronous signals

for future broadband signals and new services

with standardized network management capabilities

with traffic protection with a flexible multiplexing structure

direct access to tributaries

cross-connections without demultiplexing


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NETWORK ELEMENTS


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Digital Transmission System

Regenerator

Recreates the signal

Multiplexer (MUX) Multiplexer combines data from

several lines and transmits it

over a higher-capacity data link

No signal

100 km

R

100 km

Regenerator

MUX MUX


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Multiplexer Naming Conventions

Terminal Multiplexer (TM) All traffic is terminated here. m: aggregate level n: lowest tributary level

Add-Drop Multiplexer (ADM)

Part of the traffic is terminated

Part of the traffic goes transparentlythrough

TM

m/n

aggregateADM

m/n

aggregateaggregate

tributaries


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Digital Cross-connect (DXC m/n)

No traffic is terminated

Cross-connection matrix

connects tributary signals of

one aggregate to another

aggregate

MUX

MUX

MUX

MUX

MUX

MUX

MUX

MUX

MUX

MUX

MUX

MUX

MUX

MUX

MUX

MUX


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PDH vs. SDH


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PDH vs. SDHBit Rates

SONET

(ANSI)

SDH

(ITU-T)

Data rate

(Mbps)STS-1 51.84

STS-3 STM-1 155.52STS-9 466.56

STS-12 STM-4 622.08STS-18 933.12

STS-24 1244.16

STS-36 1866.24

STS-48 STM-16 2488.32

STM-64 9953.28STM-256 39813.12

Hierarchy level USA Europe

0 64 kbit/s T0 64 kbit/s E0

1 1.544 Mbit/s T1 (24x) 2.048 Mbit/s E1 (32x)2 6.312 Mbit/s DS-2 (4x) 8.448 Mbit/s E2 (4x)3 44.736 Mbit/s DS-3 (7x) 34.368 Mbit/s E3 (4x)4 139.264 Mbit/s E4 (4x)

E1 (2.048 Mbit/s)

T1 (1.544 Mbit/s)

DS-2 (6.312 Mbit/s)

E3 (34.368 Mbit/s)

DS-3 (44.736 Mbit/s)

E4 (139.264 Mbit/s)

ATM

etc.

PDH

SDH TM STM-1

TM STM-4

TM STM-16

E1E0

E2

E3 E4plesiochronous

plesiochronous

plesiochronous

synchronous


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PDH vs. SDHAdd & Drop Function

Six TMs needed

to drop E1

One ADM is

enough to

drop E1

PDH SDH

E3

E3

E3

E2

E2

E1

E1

E1

E4 E4

E1 (2.048 kbit/s)

E2

TM4/3

TM3/2

TM2/1

TM2/1

TM3/2

TM4/3

ADM STM-4STM-4


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STM-1 FRAME


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STM-1 Frame

2430 bytes/frame 8 bit/byte 8000 frame/s = 155.52 Mbit/s

transmitted from left to right and top to bottom

9rows(by

tes)

9

5

261

270 columns (bytes)

3 RSOH

AU-4 pointers

MSOH

Payload VC-4 (HO-VC)


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C4 4. level 140 Mbit/s

C3 3. level 34/45 Mbit/s

C2 2. level 6 Mbit/s

C1.2 1. level 2 Mbit/s

C1.1 1. level 1.55 Mbit/s

Virtual Containers (VCs)

VC-3

VC-4

VC-12VC-11

VC-2

E1 (2.048 Mbit/s)

T1 (1.544 Mbit/s)

DS-2 (6.312 Mbit/s)

E3 (34.368 Mbit/s)

DS-3 (44.736 Mbit/s)

ATM cells

Mapping

E4 (139.264 Mbit/s)


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VC-4STM-N

N

3 1

3

7

139 264 kbit/s

44 736 kbit/s

34 368 kbit/s

6312 kbit/s

2048 kbit/s

Pointer processing

Multiplexing

Aligning

Mapping

1544 kbit/s

CTPPassing connection

Contains: payload pointer...

TTPEnd of trail

Contains: path trace,

signal label, error detection

AUG AU-4

TUG-3

TUG-2

TU-3

TU-2

TU-12

VC-2

VC-3

VC-12

VC-11

C-4

C-3

C-2

C-12

C-11

1

C-n Container-n

SDH Multiplexing Structure (ETSI)

1

ITU-T


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VC-4STM-N N

3 1

3

7

139 264 kbit/s

Gb Ethernet

44 736 kbit/s

34 368 kbit/s

2048 kbit/s

Fast Ethernet

Pointer processing

Multiplexing

Aligning

Mapping

AUG AU-4

TUG-3

TUG-2

TU-3

TU-12

VC-3

VC-12

C-4

C-3

C-12

C-n Container-n

Tellabs 6300 SDH Multiplexing Structure

1


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VC-4STM-N N

3

3

7

n x 8, n x 64 kbit/s

2048 kbit/s

n x 8, n x 64 kbit/s

Pointer processing

Multiplexing

Aligning

Mapping

AUG AU-4

TUG-3

TUG-2 TU-2

TU-12

VC-2

VC-12

C-2

C-12

1

C-n Container-n

Tellabs 8100 SDH Multiplexing Structure

1


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RSOH

AU-4 pointers

MSOH

Payload

VC-4 (HO-VC)

KLM Coordinates

V

C

-

4

P

O

H

VC-2

VC-12

K

L

TU12-1 TU12-2 TU12-3

TUG3-1 TUG3-2 TUG3-3

TUG2-6

TUG2-7

TUG2-5

TUG2-4

TUG2-3

TUG2-1

TUG2-2

TUG-3 number (values 1-3)

TUG-2 number (values 0-7)

TU-12 number (values 0-3)

KLM: 170KLM: 152 KLM: 300

VC-3


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STM-N FRAME


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STM-N Frame

One SOH

AU pointers for every VC-4

N VC-4s

T1518000-95

4

3

1

9

5

270 Ncolumns (bytes)

9 N 261 N

STM-N payload9 rows

Section overheadSOH

Section overheadSOH

Administrative unit pointer(s)

Synchronous

Transport

Module

L ine Rate

Mbit/s

STM -1 155.520

STM -4 622.080

STM-16 2488.320

STM-64 9953.280


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Multiplexing of AU into STM-N

AU-4 is placed directly in the AUG

N AUGs are one-byte interleaved into STM-N withfixed phase

Figure 7-1/G.707

1 9

1 261

1 9

1 261

N 9 N 261

123...N123...N

T1518050-95

123 ... N

123...N123...N

AUG AUG

RSOH

MSOH

STM-N

#1 #N


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SDH TRAILS


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SDH Layers

PSTN ISDN ATM IP

Lower-Order

Higher-Order

Multiplex

Regenerator

Physical

Client

Server

OS, ES

RS

MS

HOP (VC-4)

LOP (VC-12, VC-2, VC-3)


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R R

LO Path

MS trail MStrail

RS

trail

RS

trail

RS

trail

RS

trail

MS trail

TM LO TM LOADM HO DXC LO

HO Path HO Path

SDH Trails 1(2)

Trail: Route between two Trail Termination Points (TTP)

TTP: Point where signal is terminated

RS trail: Regenerator Section trail (or just RS) is between regenerators

MS trail: Multiplex Section trail (or just MS) is between multiplexers

Path (P): Trail in path layer (HOP or LOP)

RS

trail


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SDH Trails 2(2)

HO

LO

MS

RS RS RSRS RS RS RS

MS MS MS MS

HO HO

RS RS RS

MS

HO

LO

RS trail RS trail RS trail RS trail RS trail

MS trail MS trailMS trail

HO path HO path

LO path

LO matrix LO matrix

HO matrix


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Regenerator

Regenerates the optical signal

Terminates RSOH

REG

STM-N STM-N


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Terminal Multiplexer

Terminates RSOH and MSOH

May terminate HOP and LOP overhead

Multiplexes/maps tributary signals

Includes timing and management functions

TMSTM-N

or

PDH

STM-M


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STM-N or PDH

STM-MSTM-M

ADM

Add/drop Multiplexer


May terminate HOP and LOP overhead

Includes connection function between the twoaggregates

Multiplexes/maps tributary signals

Includes a connection function for allocation of TUs

within the STM frame


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Cross-connect


Includes connection function between theaggregates

Can have tributary ports, for which it may

terminate HOP and LOP overhead

STM-N or PDH

STM-MSTM-M DXC


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STM-16

STM-4

STM-1

STM-16

STM-4

STM-1

SDXC 4/1

Example of Cross-connect (XC)

16 x

4 x

1 x

16 x

4 x

1 x

SDHmultiplexer

AUG

VC-4

34 (45) Mbit/s2(1.5) Mbit/s

VC-12 VC-3

HOXC

LOXC


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RSOH

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

RSOH 1 A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0 NU1 NU2

RSOH 2 B1 R1 R2 E1 R3 U1 F1 NU3 NU4RSOH 3 D1 R4 R5 D2 R6 U2 D3 U3 U4PTR 4 H1 Y1 Y2 H2 1 1 H3 H3 H3

MSOH 5 B2 B2 B2 K1 U5 U6 K2 U7 U8MSOH 6 D4 U9 U10 D5 U11 U12 D6 U13 U14MSOH 7 D7 U15 U16 D8 U17 U18 D9 U19 U20MSOH 8 D10 U21 U22 D11 U23 U24 D12 U25 U26MSOH 9 S1 Z12 Z13 Z21 Z22 M1 E2 NU5 NU6

A1, A2 framing patterns (F6H), (28H)

J0 regenerator section Trail Trace Identifier (TTI)

B1 BIP-8 parity byte

E1 RS orderwire channel (service telephone)

F1 user (network operator) data channel D1, D2, D3 regenerator section Data Communication Channel

(DCCR)

NU1, NU2, NU3, NU4 bytes reserved for national use

R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 media specific bytes (e.g. radio link)

U1, U2, U3, U4 bytes with no defined use


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MSOH1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

RSOH 1 A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0 NU1 NU2

RSOH 2 B1 R1 R2 E1 R3 U1 F1 NU3 NU4RSOH 3 D1 R4 R5 D2 R6 U2 D3 U3 U4PTR 4 H1 Y1 Y2 H2 1 1 H3 H3 H3

MSOH 5 B2 B2 B2 K1 U5 U6 K2 U7 U8MSOH 6 D4 U9 U10 D5 U11 U12 D6 U13 U14MSOH 7 D7 U15 U16 D8 U17 U18 D9 U19 U20MSOH 8 D10 U21 U22 D11 U23 U24 D12 U25 U26MSOH 9 S1 Z12 Z13 Z21 Z22 M1 E2 NU5 NU6

B2 BIP-24 parity bytes

K1, K2 Automatic Protection Switching (APS) channel, bit orientedprotocol (bits 1-5), Remote Defect Indication (RDI) (bits 6-8)

D4 to D12 multiplex section Data Communication Channel (DCCM)

S1 synchronization status (bits 5-8)

M1 Remote Error Indication (REI)

E2 MS orderwire channel (service telephone)

NU5, NU6 bytes reserved for national use

U5 to U26 bytes with no defined use

Z12, Z13, Z21, Z22 bytes with no defined use


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VC-4 and VC-3 POH

P O H

J 1

B 3

C 2

G 1

F2

H 4

F3

K 3

N 1

J1 Trail Trace Identifier

B3 Parity BIP-8

C2 Signal label (C2), used for payload type identification

G1 Path status

REI Remote Error IndicationRDI Remote Defect Indication

F2 Network operator (user) channel

H4 Multiframe indicator, a sequence indicating

TU-multiframe phase (position of VC-12/VC-2)F3 Network operator (user) channel

K3 Automatic Protection Switching (bits 1-4)

N1 Tandem Connection Monitoring TCM, optional use in

multioperator environments

REI RD

I

Reserv

ed

Spar

e

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8


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VC-2 and VC-12 POH

J2 Trail Trace Identifier

N2 Tandem Connection Monitoring TCM, optional use in

multioperator environmentsK4 Automatic Protection Switching (bits 1-4), additional

information for RDI (bits 5-7) (optional)

V5 Signal monitoring

Parity BIP-2

Remote Error Indication (REI)

Remote Failure Indication (RFI), only for VC-11 (not in ETSI)

Signal label (SL)

Remote defect indication (RDI)

POH

V5 J 2 N2 K 4

V5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

B IP-2 B IP-2 REI RFI SL SL SL RDI


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PDH OVER SDH


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PDH over SDH

Container (C) Basic payload unit

Virtual Container (VC)

C + POH (pathoverhead)

Tributary Unit (TU)

VC + pointer

The pointer indicatesthe start of the VC

and allows dynamic

alignment of the VC

ithi th TU f

Justification bytes

C12

POH

Path OverheadVC12

Container

POH

TU PointerTU12

Virtual Container

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