TEACHING SPEAKING SKILL THROUGH OPENING PLACE TECHNIQUE----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

BaihaqiDosen Tetap Non PNS Pada Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris

Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu PendidikanUniversitas Samudra Langsa

Jln. Kampus Meurandeh No. 1 LangsaEmail: baihaqi_01@yahoo.com

Abstract:The research deals with teaching speaking through Opening Place Technique

The purposes of this study is to find out causes which make students feel bored when learning in the classroom, causes which make students feel shy to speak and whether teaching speaking through opening place effective to make students interest and more active. The methodology in order to obtain the data for this research the writer used library and field research. In library research, the writer read some books, which are relevant to the topic from library and other sources and in the field research. Using this technique is one of the ways to solve students’ difficulties in learning speaking. It is increasing students’ interest and motivation in learning English. The teacher is also easier in teaching English especially speaking.

Keyword: Teaching Speaking and Opening Place Technique

A. Introduction

To communicate to other people we need a language. Every nation has its own

language. Every language has unique system, there are no two language ever have the

same system exactly. One of the languages is English. As we know, English is as an

international language. Because everything are written in English now and it is used

in many countries for any purposes. It is important and become necessity to be studied

and mastered by people in globalization era today because of that reason.

Language is system; it means language is formed by different component in

suitable pattern and formula. According to Wardhough (1986: 3), says, “Language is

system of arbitrary vocal symbol use for human communication“. Information is

gotten not always from printed material like books, magazines, newspaper, etc. but we

can also get the information from audiovisual such as computer, internet, television

etc. and by the change of the information with other people in other country, so we

have to understand what they speak by learning their language. We can learn a

language by formal or informal education.

Learning English speaking is one of skills to understand the other language.

Probably, if we are able to speak English well we can have big challenge to get nice

job and salary. Because English is as one of requirement getting many formal or

informal job today. English is a head condition to get it.

Today, almost school in this world teaching English as one of the main

subject. English is studying by all students in around the world including in Indonesia.

English is taught as an obligatory subject. It is taught from elementary school up to

university level. It is used as a tool in improving the student’s knowledge, so they can

live in society with this skill.

Each skill listening, speaking, reading and writing need to be mastered by

students; however, as language the student demanded to be able to speak. Because

when student can speak, show that they have mastered the language. The goal of study

a language is able to communicate. Speaking as one of the skill in English becomes a

biggest problem for almost all Indonesian students who study it. It is caused as a

foreign language; English has very different grammar and culture. The students face a

new situation that very different with their basic language.

There are many factors cause the problem. As we know the differences of

structure between Indonesia and English is one of the factors. Moreover, the culture

background sometime becomes another factor. Besides that, English is still as foreign

language in Indonesia. Compare with our neighbor Malaysia or Singapore, where

English is as the second language, it means the people use English for daily life beside

their native language. It causes easier for students there to master English. However,

our government keeps trying to design suitable curriculum, provide facility, and train

teachers in order to increase student’s achievement in mastery English.

In fact, teaching speaking at school still faces many problems. Since the

facility and environment do not support learning process, Student as the object of

study is the most sufferers in English learning. They face trouble in study it because

they feel that impossible for them to master it. This situation made studying English

has become something frightening for almost students who study it. Ahmadi and

Supriyono (2004: 77) state that, “The situation where student cannot study as should

be, that is the trouble of study”.

Looking to the development of teaching methods in the world, today the

method and technique tend to break the traditional rules and assumptions where study

is not always going on inside of the classroom but also outside or opening place.

However, this way is not the new method but just often to be done for long time in our

education world. DePorter (2000: 78) states, “Environment will influence the students

to focus and grab the information”. Environment is important because as connection

to the brain. New or different situation will help learning become more interesting and

good for students to increase their concentration in receiving of the information from

the teacher.

Then DePorter (2000:67) also stated, “Understand the connection between

environment and brain it is important to orchestrate supporting study environment.

The environment will increase confident and learning quality”. We have known that

environment study most used for learning activities is in classroom. However, the

same similar situation everyday makes students or even teacher feel boring.

Therefore, the choice to make the situation fresher is through change the environment

study from in classroom into the out of classroom or at the opening place.

Study outside of classroom or at opening place such as in yard or school field

will give students new perspective because the atmosphere will influence the way they

take the lesson. The teacher also can take more advantage from the environment and

connect the situation and everything around them as the media to support the learning

process. Especially for speaking, things around of the environment will help much

because they can see directly object. Concurrent to the growing interest in promoting

learner independence is a trend in learning studies to view language learning as a

group phenomenon rather than an individual process. There are many research

conducted that showed, most students believe that their learning is highly influenced

by opportunities to have variety experiences at the outside classroom or the opening

place.

As stated by Polanyi et. al (1995: 271), “Both nationally and internationally

researchers claim that learners, at various levels of proficiency and at various stages of

study, continue to view their successful and unsuccessful learning outcomes as related

to their experiences outside the classroom”.

In the field of English education, much effort has been put into developing

teaching practices that support the interactions of students in the classroom and

encourage learning activities outside the classroom or the opening place. However,

little is known about what teachers perceive and believe about out of class activity in

the process of teaching and learning. This gap in our knowledge is highly significant

as it is often claimed that the ultimate goal of teaching English is to increase the

learner’s ability to interact successfully in the target language in real situations.

As stated by Anderson (2000: 11) In the field of English education, much

effort has been put into developing teaching practices that support the interactions of

students in the classroom and encourage learning activities outside the classroom. Yet,

little is known about what teachers perceive and believe about this out-of-class

activity in the process of teaching and learning. This gap in our knowledge is highly

significant as it is often claimed that the ultimate goal of teaching English is to

increase the learner’s ability to interact successfully in the target language in real

situations.

The first thing that will be learnt in studying language is the word. The word is

the important thing to express feeling, wishing and thinking of human like written or

orally. It is like the meaning of word from Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (2007:

513): “Kata adalah unsur bahasa yang di ucapkan atau di tuliskan yang merupakan

perwujudan kesatuan perasaan dan fikiran yang digunakan dalam berbahasa”. And

Also the meaning of word from Oxford Dictionary (2003: 499): “Word is written or

spoken unit of language. Word is thing that you say, remark or statement”. And for

the person who wants to say in daily conversation with language must know of the

word. Without it, the people and can’t get the information in the world.

As mentioned by Tarigan (1996:9): “The human using the language as vital

communication facility in this life. Language is one major distinctive feature human

of another life creature in this world. Language has the function the very important to

human, very priority in communicative function”. If in the language there is word

isn’t clear, so the person can’t get the new thing and that accurate in information. As

mentioned by French (1992:14): “The human mind is able to remember a thing

because it makes associations or link between the new thing which is being learned

and things already language known”. From the function of that language, the writer

wants to teach foreign language (English) to the Elementary School. And before of

that, the writer as teacher must know the age of the students to know the development

of the children, as the purpose of study can reach.

According to Merriam and Webster (1993: 2560) defines “vocabulary is

arranged of meaning by which one can apprehend experiences or express idea”. It

means vocabulary is one of the language aspects that cannot be ignored in any

language teaching. The students should master vocabulary to express their ideas or

something that they want to express. In communicate we need much of vocabulary;

we must study first vocabulary when we learn language, especially in learning

English. The meaning of Real Object according to Stefan (2005:1) states: “Real

Object is consists of actual objects or items or facsimiles thereof, which are used in

the classroom to illustrate or to see, hear, and in some cases touch the object. Real

object are used in the classroom to make the learning experience more memorable for

the students”.

B. Problem of Study

The problem of study discussed through this writing is where most of students

get many difficulties to understand and speak English well because they often

looked boring when study in the classroom. Therefore, the writer takes the following

questions to study: Will teaching speaking through opening place make students

boring to study? Will learning speaking through opening place make students more

interest and active? And will teaching speaking through opening place make

students braver to speak?

C. Purpose of Study

Considering that problem is important to be discussed, in this study the writer

decides to choose the question. It is necessary to make variation in teaching process

by teaching speaking through opening place as an interesting way to solve problem

in studying of speaking.

D. Method of Study

This method used in writing this study is library research through identifying

of reference list and then analyze and compose into academic writing.

E. Description of Teaching Through Opening Place

1. Definition of Opening Place

If we look into ‘Opening Place’ term could be some interpretations occurred to

it. The term is consisted from two words that is ‘opening’ and ’place’. Each word

has many interpretations and various usages.

The word ‘Opening’ has many definitions in many aspects. According to The

opening Collins Essential English Dictionary (2006:43) as noun Opening has four

definitions namely:

a. the beginning or first part of something

b. the first performance of a theatrical production

c. a chance or opportunity: an opening into show business

d. a hole or gap

Meanwhile according to The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English

Language (2003) defines ten meanings for Opening namely:

a. The act or an instance of becoming open or being made to open.

b. An open space serving as a passage or gap.

c. A breach or aperture.

d. A clearing in the woods.

e. The first part or stage, as of a book.

f. The first performance: the opening of a play.

g. A formal commencement of operation: attended the opening of the new

museum.

h. Games A specific pattern or series of beginning moves in certain

games, especially chess.

i. An opportunity affording a chance of success.

j. An unfilled job or position; a vacancy.

Unfortunately, most of the definition above far from the meaning that this

written intended. However, from Thesaurus Dictionary (2003:41) gave close

meaning of the opening that is “an open or empty space in or between things” and

the Oxford Dictionary (1996: 288) define opening as “open space”. Based on the

Etymology it comes from Middle English, from Anglo-French, open space, from

Latin platea broad street, from Greek plateia (hodos), from feminine of platys broad,

flat; akin to Sanskrit prthu broad, Latin planta sole of the foot

For the word ‘place’, Simson (2006:10) defines it as “A place is a location in

space”. From the definition have some explanations which is has close meaning to

the written intended namely:

a. physical environment

b. physical surroundings

c. an indefinite region or expanse

d. a building or locality used for a special purpose <a place of learning>

e. a particular region

f. center of population, or location

g. a building, part of a building, or area occupied as a home

h. a proper or designated niche or setting (the place of education in

society)

From the explanation above the term of opening place could be interpret as an

open location in open space. Refer to the title of this written the opening place here

means any places in outdoor or out of the classroom. In another word, the study

activity operated at place without wall boundary. The places could take the place

around the school or outside the school. The places around the school such as in the

yard, field or school garden. The opening place at the outside of school such as in

the field or city garden.

2. Why Opening Place

A question for all teachers or educators in around the world, where is the right

place to teach? Actually, in the world history, school using the classrooms is a really

new concept. It is because in the past before all the teaching and learning processes

took the classroom as the centre for study, nature or the opening place was as the

place where study activities held.

The problem is teaching and learning activities that held inside of the

classroom could not guarantee that the process more success than the teaching and

learning activities that took at the opening place. There are many examples that

students feel uncomfortable because of the monotonous of classroom. The classroom

even sometimes looks like a jail. It is time to ask that study in the classroom is the

best way and still is the main forum for the learning or we need to back as in the

past. The condition of classroom that not support the teaching and learning process

will make the students even teacher feel numb. And the result for the condition is

failure.

There are many proofs or cases show that students got nothing from their

school but only frightened and punishment. Because school as the place for study

turn into place for giving burden and punishment for students who cannot ‘learn’

according their teacher. The exploiting of school about 200 days per year, several

hours in a day and only use 15% times is the wasting of the worth asset. And using

of big part of time for one way teaching is the bigger wasting from the 15%. It needs

to emphasize that most of people will in the best condition for learning through

experimentally and whole senses.

As stated by Dryden and Vos (2002: 109): The exploiting of school about 200

days per year, several hours in a day and only use 15% times is the wasting of the

worth asset. And using of big part of time for one way teaching is the bigger wasting

from the 15%. It needs to emphasize that most of people will in the best condition

for learning through experimentally and whole senses.

Teaching and learning is the complex process. In the process everything has

their own meaning. Every word, opinion, presentation, association, action that used

in the process and how far the teacher composes the surrounding that is the process

is running.

In order to solve the problem regarding to the classroom issues, today the

education world start to change or combine the way of their teaching strategy. There

are many schools or education centers begin to use the techniques which can support

the teaching and learning process. One of the techniques is through study outside of

the class or at the open place. This way is not only to move study from inside to

outside the class but have serious intention in making student easier to grab the study

material.

The place or environment is very important in learning process. Good place

can be a value medium in build and keep positive attitude. Because supporting place

will help student easier in developing their ability, keep their focus in studying and

winner mentality. The winner mentality will create success students. As stated by

DePorter and Hernacki (2002: 66), “If you work in good ordering environment, then

easier to develop and keep the winner mentality. And the winner mentality will

produce success students”.

3. Definition of Speaking

Language is used to communicate with series of rule and the way to express it.

As the quoted that states, “That language is communication, not simply a series of

social and grammatical regulations” (Celce-Mursia, Downey and Thurrel, 1985).

Human expresses language through speaking generally. Before human create written

system, people communicate or interact through spoken. That is why if people say

that language is primarily spoken. Speaking is one problem that recurs and more

frequently talked these days. Speaking is ability of people to communicate with the

other people.

Through speaking, we are able to express our feeling, opinion or get our

necessity. Speaking cannot separate from human life that is why speaking is one of

abilities needed to learn. “Speaking is fundamentally and instrumental act, speakers

talk in order to have some effect on their listeners, they assert things to change state

of knowledge” states by Herbert and Ave (1980: 46).

However, Speaking is complex skill, required the simultaneous of number of

different abilities which of develop different rates either four of five components in

generally recognized in analysis of speech, there are including as the remembering

system pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, fluency and comprehension. As stated

by David P. Haris in his book entitled Teaching the Spoken language (1997: 32):

Speaking is complex skill, required the simultaneous of number of different abilities

which of develop different rates either four of five components in generally

recognized in analysis of speech, there are including as the remembering system

pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, fluency and comprehension.

According to Simson (2008: 155), speaking can described: As an act of

producing voice through the use of the vocal cords and vocal apparatus or other

means, such as sign language, to create linguistic acts in the form of language that

communicate information from an initiator to a recipient.

In other more colloquial terms, speaking can be described in several different

ways (Onelook, 2008:54):

a. A linguistic act designed to convey information.

b. Various types of linguistic acts where the audience consists of more

than one individual, including public speaking, oration and quotation.

c. The physical act of speaking, primarily through the use of vocal cords

to produce voice.

When we are speaking, we make interact with someone else and usually we

need an action from someone as the listener. As Hammond et al. (1992: 5)

concluded speaking is interaction language or language accompanying action.

However speaking or speech can also take place inside one’s head, known as

intrapersonal communication, for example, when one thinks or utters sounds of

approval or disapproval. At a deeper level, one could even consider subconscious

processes, including dreams where aspects of oneself communicate with each other

as part of intra personal communication, even though most human beings do not

seem to have direct access to such communication.

Because of speaking is the way of human to express their opinion it is need

spontaneity when do that. In addition, the spontaneity is the major problem of the

students who learn the foreign language particularly English.

He also claims that many teachers often overlook the fact that in a relaxed

atmosphere, real learning takes place, and students use the language they have been

exposed to and have practiced earlier.

4. Teaching Speaking

The purpose of speaking can be to convey meaning or to increase social bonds

between individuals or groups. For the latter, shallowness is not problem. The

success of speaking depends on numerous factors, including the presence or absence

if a variety of speech disorders, the ability of the speaker to express the intended

message and the ability and willingness. Such of language education is to prepare

student in term to be participate in modern society life (Hammond et al. 1992: 56).

In other words, language education is life skill education that is the education, which

give the skill to student to be surviving in modern life patterned with globalization.

In practically level, generally Indonesian student cannot answer the global

communication challenge, whereas in theoretic language education needs to have

obvious focus about what competence need to develop if student targeted to be able

to communicate in global era.

In standard of content of school-based curriculum stressed how important to

looking of language product as an instrument to communicate, is not only the

language that received through explain by teacher. It means in teaching speaking,

student expected to be more active in express their speaking skill. They are not just

listen what the teacher said but demanded directly to practice. Because when an

activity conducted directly, it helps them to master it better. As the research

presented that, “We learn 90% from what we said and done” (DePorter, 2000: 32).

To reach the target, curriculum designed need to settled the syllabus target that

could be used as benchmark as suggested by Wells (1987: 65). According to Wells,

“four literacy degrees exist that is per formative, functional, informational and

epistemic”.

a. Per formative

In per formative degree, people able to write and read, and speak

through symbols that are used.

b. Functional

In functional degree, people expected are able to use language to fulfill

daily life such as reading newspaper, magazine, manual reading etc.

c. Informational

In informational degree, people expected are able to access knowledge

through his language.

d. Epistemic

In epistemic degree, people expected to able to transform knowledge in

certain language.

Refer to standard of content of school-based curriculum, students of senior

high school intended to reach until the third degree that is informational, because

they prepared to enter university level.

Sequentially the purposes of teaching speaking for senior high school student

formulated in three of competence standard (Depdiknas, 2003: 5) following:

1. Able to communicate through spoken language using suitable language style,

fluently and accurate in interaction or monolog expression in shape of

narrative, procedure, recount, report and news.

2. Able to communicate through spoken language using suitable language style,

fluently and accurate in interaction or monolog expression in shape of

narrative, descriptive, anecdote, analytic and hortatory exposition. It intended

to interpersonal meaning variation.

3. Able to communicate through spoken language using suitable language style,

fluently and accurate in interaction or monolog expression in shape of

narrative, explanation, discussion, commentary and review with emphasis on

complex of interpersonal meaning.

Since the standard demand teacher to be able to achieve the target, it might be

happened teacher only teaches to run the target without care about the students’

capability or their intake in study. With all the burden of study that mentioned

above, the most suffer is students. Looking the situation students is as the object of

education, whereas nowadays they are not anymore.

Nowadays, students are not the education object, but they are as the subject.

Because the demand of curriculum that students must be active. They must inquiry

the knowledge not only receive or waiting teacher to give them. And teacher also

should be realized and accustomed to treat the students not as the object.

5. Teaching Speaking Through Opening place

As development nation, Indonesia needs to run the fallen behind in any

sectors. Especially, when we are talking about education sector. The education in

Indonesia still poor compared with its closest neighbor nations such as Malaysia and

Singapore.

However, our government always tries to improve our national education with

many programs that could support accelerate of the education progress. For

example, the government builds facilities and infrastructure to supporting learning

process. Also held training for teachers in order to develop their perception and

teaching skill. It tends to create a competence teacher. Because how modern the

facilities that had by a school without competence teacher, everything is useless.

One of features that a teacher competence to do his job is the teacher should

know and rich with many approach, method and techniques in order to support his

duty. The good mastery of teaching techniques will help teacher and their student to

accomplish learning target. In study a language, the main target is making students

able to communicate through spoken.

Today speaking ability is very important closer the globalization where

English as the international language urgent to be mastered. In this case, the teaching

technique for speaking at school is very important to make the students understand

and easier master it. As we know, there are so many teaching techniques old or new.

In teaching process, a teacher could use one technique or more and combine it.

It is all depend on the learning necessity. For teaching speaking, teacher prefers to

choose the technique that make learning situation more active. Also, make student

become braver to express their speaking ability. Because sometimes we are trapped

with the path that our predecessor have done which not always correct or suitable

with present condition where study situation is very serious and far from fun. That

situation will hamper the students in enjoying and developing their ability.

As according to Kim (1995: 35) states that: There is a common perception that

all learning should be serious and solemn in nature, and that if one is having fun and

there is hilarity and laughter, then it is not really learning. This is a misconception. It

is possible to learn a language as well as enjoy oneself at the same time.

Regarding to the opening place, it is one way in order to accelerate students’

developing in mastering speaking. Through the different situation of study, hoped

that the students would have interesting and pay attention to what teacher teach.

Moreover, by study at the open place the teaching and learning process can be as an

directly experience for students especially when the material of study adjusted with

the situation of the place. So the student can see, feel the atmosphere directly and it

is will help them much in memorizing and expressing their spoken ability. The

energize place of study, relieve a lot of tension students and it can be also motivate

them in learning speaking.

6. The Role of Teacher

The role of teacher is central as an active explainer. Teacher dominates the

teaching and learning process. Cullingford (1995: 159) states, “Teacher makes a

subject interesting, he sets up experiments, brings in interesting materials, and is not

merely bound by routine”. This means that teacher become a source of knowledge.

When the teacher is an active judge, she make corrections, control the

students’ performance or answer. The teacher must judge the correctness of the

students’ responses. Before the study is started the teacher should make sure that all

the necessary material ready. It is suggested that teacher prepares the material that

have connection with the place or the teacher should be able to design the material

that can connected by student where the place support them to look the thing directly

or imagine it.

After that the study cannot be successful if the teacher does not explain the

tasks and the rules for students in studying at the open place. The rules must be

made clear to the students in order to prevent students take chance to play because

they are at the ‘free’ place. Teacher should tell to the students what they can or

cannot do. Teacher should maintain the situation so that the teaching and learning

process still in the path. Because for students, study at the opening place quite

different and strange for them. This is crucial for the success of the activity, so every

effort should be made.

Following things that teacher should prepared and do to teach at the opening

place:

1. The selection of the place and time is very important. Study at the open

place such as at the football field at middle of the day is a stupidity.

2. The material that compatible with the place or can be supported with the

place.

3. Clear rule for students along the opening place.

4. Clear task for students so that they know what they must to do and focus.

5. Teacher should be able maintain the situation from the beginning until the

end of program.

6. Teacher should be creative and able to connect and relate the material with

the place.

7. The Role of Students

Students play a reactive role by responding to teacher’s explanation. They

should contribute as much as they gain in the classroom. If the students are

successfully doing the alphabet games, the will apply the new vocabulary, which has

just been learnt into the lesson. It is needed for recalling the vocabulary. After the

students do their role in vocabulary teaching learning process, it is expected that they

will master some aspects of vocabulary teaching, namely aspects of association of

concepts (meaning in clues) with words and the spelling words. So that after doing

the game, they can spell the words correctly and they can remember the words with

easy way.

F. Conclusion

After doing the research finally the writers concluded that Teaching speaking

through opening place gives new situation in study English for students so they are

far from boring, students more relax and enjoy speaking as a fun activity to do,

Students shy to speak because they do not know the answer and afraid if it going to

be wrong then got punishment. However, study at the opening place had assisted

students to less their shy feeling to speak, and Increase students’ interest and more

active to study speaking because it was fun being at the free space without the wall

restricted while Increase students’ motivation because they can speak without afraid

to make mistake and their memory to the lesson.

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