TCP / IPTCP / IP

Transmission Control ProtocolTransmission Control Protocol

Internet ProtocolInternet Protocol

Nyoman Bogi Aditya Karna, ST, MSEESisfo – IM Telkom

Sistem Bilangan

Sistem yang menyepadankan antara suatu besaran dengan suatu simbol.Decimal : memiliki 10 simbol : 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9Binary : memiliki 2 simbol : 0 dan 1Octal : memiliki 8 simbol : 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7Hexadecimal : memiliki 16 simbol :

0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F

• contoh : • 110(10) = 110D = 100 + 10 + 0 1x102 + 1x101 + 0x100• 110( 2) = 110B = 4 + 2 + 0 1x 22 + 1x 21 + 0x 20• 110( 8) = 110O = 64 + 8 + 0 1x 82 + 1x 81 + 0x 80• 110(16) = 110H = 256 + 16 + 0 1x162 + 1x161 + 0x160

1010 1101 B = … … … D

1x27+0x26+1x25+0x24 + 1x23+1x22+0x21+1x20 =128 + 0 + 32 + 0 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 1

1010 1101 B = 1 7 3 D

173D = … … … B

2 173

1

2 86

0

2 43

1

2 21

1

2 10

0

2 5

1

2 2

0

1

173D = 1010 1101B

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20

a b c d e f g h (B)

Transformasi Sistem Bilangan

A D H = … … … D

10x161 + 13x160 = 160 + 13

A D H = 1 7 3 D

173D = … … … H

16 173

D

A

173D = A D O

4096 256 16 1 163 162 161 160

a b c d (H)

Transformasi Sistem Bilangan

Binary Hexadecimal11011011011 B = … … … H

bobot : 421 8421 8421 110|1101|1011 6 D B

11011011011 B = 6 D B H

Hexadecimal Binary6DB H = … … … B

6 D B 110|1101|1011

6 D B H = 11011011011 B

Transformasi Sistem Bilangan

Istilah

• bit (binary digit) adalah suatu simbol biner (‘0’ atau ‘1’)• Byte adalah kesatuan 8 bit (contoh : ‘00010110’)• Word adalah 1 informasi data, tergantung dari prosesor yg

digunakan (80386DX – Pentium4 : 1 word = 32 bit)• 1 Kilobyte (KB) = 1024 Byte• 1 Megabyte (MB) = 1024 KB = 1058576 Byte• 1 Gigabyte (GB) = 1024 MB• 1 Terabyte (TB) = 1024 GB• 1 kbps = 1 kilo bit per second = 1000 bit per second

Topologi Jaringan : Bus

Topologi Jaringan : Star

Topologi Jaringan : Bus + Star

Protocol

• Definition: Set of rules ↔ spoken language• different hardware will be able to communicate and

understand each other• protocol for computer networking network protocol• Network protocol :

NetBEUI, IPX/SPX, TCP/IP

Network Protocol

NetBIOS and NetBEUI16 characters naming (15 user’s last name + 1 object type), small LAN (<200 objects), no routing, fewer network utility, simple to install, high compatibility, unlimited session, low memory requirement, solid error detection and recovery

IPX/SPXAddition to NETBIOS : routing capability, greater reliability, remote console

TCP/IPtwo sets of protocols: TCP for transmission manager and IP for addressing, highest reliability with error detection and recovery

Data Application layer

DataTCP header Transport layer

DataTCP headerIP header Network layer

DataTCP headerIP headerNetwork Interface header Network Interface layer

TCP / IP

Application Layer• application software that access (receive/send data) a service through specific portTransport Layer• split data from application into packets with specific size (usually 1500 byte with transport header)• Put additional information (TCP header) to each packet, i.e. checksum and packet number to ensure

reliable transport (packet received without error)Network Layer (or Internet Layer)• encapsulates the transport layer data unit in an IP datagram• handles the incoming datagram and uses the routing algorithm to determine whether the datagram is to

be processed locally or be forwardedNetwork Interface Layer• responsible for accepting and transmitting IP datagram

IP Addressing v.4

• Consists of 4 number separated by dot (dotted decimal)• Each number is a decimal representation from 8-bit binary (thus create value from 0 to 255)• IP address contains Network ID (describe where the network located) and Host ID (describe which object

is addressed)• Based on Net ID and Host ID, IP address can be divided by 5 classes (A, B, C, D, and E) :

– Class A : 1.x.x.x – 127.x.x.x– Class B : 128.x.x.x – 191.x.x.x– Class C : 192.x.x.x – 223.x.x.x

• CIDR (Classless Internet DR)IP : 00001010 . 00001110 . 11001001 . 01100100netmask : 11111111 . 11111111 . 11111111 . 00000000Net ID : 00001010 . 00001110 . 11001001 . 00000000 10.14.201.0

IP : 11011110 . 1111100 . 00010100 . 11101000netmask : 11111111 . 1111111 . 11111111 . 11111000Net ID : 11011110 . 1111100 . 00010100 . 11101000 222.124.20.232

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