steam power plant.pptx
TRANSCRIPT
Steam Power Plant
Definisi
• The purpose power plant is to generate electric power
• Dengan cara mengkonversikan chemical energy menjadi termal energy untuk mendapatkan steam, steam itu diubah menjadi mechanical energy menggunakan turbin dan mechanical energy tersebut digunakan untuk memutar generator sehingga timbul electric power
Chemical Energy/ Waste
Gas
Thermal Energy
Steam
Mechanical Energy
Steams Turbin
Electric Power
Alur Proses Electric Power
Major Power Plant Components• Penghasil Steam (Termal Energy), dengan cara
alat penukar panas (Heat Exchangers) Steam Boiler
•Steam/ thermal energy menggerakan turbin sehinga terjadi gerak (Mechanical Energy)Steam Turbin
•Merubah steam menjadi feed water untuk boilerCondensator
•Membantu sirkulasi panas/ kontrol termal dengan cara memompa feed water dengan debit tertentu
Feed Water Pump
•Berfungsi merubah mechanical energy menjadi electrical powerGenerator
Fig. Major Steam Plant Components
Grafik Rankine Circle
Entropy Btu/ Lb
• 1-2 = air yang jenuh dari kondesator dipompa hingga masuk ke boiler
• 2-3 = air dipanaskan pada tekanan tetap (constant pressure) pada bolier sampai kondisi steam
• 3-4 = steam berekspansi melewati turbin pada state 4 dan masuk pada kondeser dalam keadaan uap basah
Efisiensi Termis Boiler
Dimana :• Wnet = Kerja yang dilakukan oleh energi
termal • Qh = Heat input • h1- h4 = Temperatur dititik grafik Rankie
Boiler• Boiler adalah Heat Exchangers untuk
menghasilkan steam menggunakan termal/heat yang diperoleh dari pembakaran bahan bakar (Combution of fuel) /Waste Gas dari rotary kiln.
• Proses steam/ feed water heaters terdapat dua jenis:1. open heaters (direct contact heater)2. closed heates (tube and sell heater)
Shell and Tube Heater
Klasifikasi Boiler
Drum-Type Boilers
• Depend on constant recirculation of water through some of the component s of the steams / water circuit to generate steams and keep the components from overheating. Drum- type Boilers circulate water by either natural or controlled circulation
Once-through Boilers
• Convert water to steams in one pass through the system.
Fig. Drum- Type Boilers
Once- Through Boilers
Major Boilers Components• The economizer is the section of the boiler tubes
where feedwater is rst introduced into the boiler and where flue gas is used to raise the temperature of the water.
Economizers• The steam drum separates steam from the
steam/water mixture and keeps the separated steam dry.
Steams Drum• Superheaters are bundles of boiler tubing located
in the flow path of the hot gases that are created by the combustion of fuel in the boiler furnace.
Superheated
• Reheaters are bundles of boiler tubes that are exposed to the combustion gases in the same manner as superheaters.Reheated
• also known as desuperheatersSpray Attemperators
Steams Turbin
• All are extremely high powered, varying from about 70,000 to 2 million HP
• Turbine life is normally between 30 and 40 years with minimal maintenance.
• Turbines spend the bulk of their life at constant speed, normally 3600 or 1800 rpm for 60 Hz
Komponen Utama Turbin Uap
Blanding• Komponen dari turbin yang menerima
load berupa sentrifugal, gaya bending dari steams getaran harmonic. Untuk itu turbin didesain sedemikian rupa agar mengurangi harmonic excitation yang akan mengakibatkan impact yang besar.
Rotors • Rotors berguna untuk menggerakan shaft turbin uap, rotor merupakan bagian kritis setelah blade.
Valve• The turbine requires many valves for
speed control, emergency control, drains, hydraulics, bypasses, and other functions,
Fig. Typical Steams Turbin Blade
Rotors Design1. a large forging with uniform chemistry and
properties in the high-strength alloys needed2. centrifugal force from the rotor itself and the
increase from the centrifugal pull of the blades3. resistance to brittle fracture potentially occurring in
the LP cylinder when the machine is at high speed, but the material is still not up to operational temperature
4. creep of the high-pressure (HP) and intermediate-pressure (IP) rotors under steady high-temperature load
Steams Powers Schematic
Condensator
• The condenser (also discussed earlier) is a large heat exchanger that takes the LP turbine exhaust steam and converts it back to water.
• The condensate is delivered from the condenser hot well through the condensate and feedwater systems and back to the boiler where it becomes steam again.
Feed Water Pump
• The feedwater system consists of BFPs, HP feedwater heaters, piping, and valves
• The boiler feedwater pumps deliver water from the daerator (DA) storage tank, through the HP heaters, and into the boiler.
• The BFP is also the primary source of spray water for the superheater and reheater desuperheaters for control of the main and reheat steam temperatures, respectively.
Post test1. Apa yang dimaksud dengan Power Plant?2. Sebut dan jelaskan alur proses perubahan energi pada power
plant sehingga dihasilkan energi listrik?3. Sebut dan Jelaskan komponen utama Power Plant?4. Gambarkan dan jelaskan grafik rankine ?
Waktunya : 10 menit
5. Known: A system operates in a cycle and produces a net amount of work while receiving and discharging energy by heat transfer at fixed temperatures. Find: Evaluate the claim that the cycle can develop 410 kJ of work for an energy input by heat of 1000 kJ ?
5 Menit