steam power plant.pptx

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Steam Power Plant

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Page 1: Steam Power Plant.pptx

Steam Power Plant

Page 2: Steam Power Plant.pptx

Definisi

• The purpose power plant is to generate electric power

• Dengan cara mengkonversikan chemical energy menjadi termal energy untuk mendapatkan steam, steam itu diubah menjadi mechanical energy menggunakan turbin dan mechanical energy tersebut digunakan untuk memutar generator sehingga timbul electric power

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Chemical Energy/ Waste

Gas

Thermal Energy

Steam

Mechanical Energy

Steams Turbin

Electric Power

Alur Proses Electric Power

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Major Power Plant Components• Penghasil Steam (Termal Energy), dengan cara

alat penukar panas (Heat Exchangers) Steam Boiler

•Steam/ thermal energy menggerakan turbin sehinga terjadi gerak (Mechanical Energy)Steam Turbin

•Merubah steam menjadi feed water untuk boilerCondensator

•Membantu sirkulasi panas/ kontrol termal dengan cara memompa feed water dengan debit tertentu

Feed Water Pump

•Berfungsi merubah mechanical energy menjadi electrical powerGenerator

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Fig. Major Steam Plant Components

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Grafik Rankine Circle

Entropy Btu/ Lb

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• 1-2 = air yang jenuh dari kondesator dipompa hingga masuk ke boiler

• 2-3 = air dipanaskan pada tekanan tetap (constant pressure) pada bolier sampai kondisi steam

• 3-4 = steam berekspansi melewati turbin pada state 4 dan masuk pada kondeser dalam keadaan uap basah

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Efisiensi Termis Boiler

Dimana :• Wnet = Kerja yang dilakukan oleh energi

termal • Qh = Heat input • h1- h4 = Temperatur dititik grafik Rankie

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Boiler• Boiler adalah Heat Exchangers untuk

menghasilkan steam menggunakan termal/heat yang diperoleh dari pembakaran bahan bakar (Combution of fuel) /Waste Gas dari rotary kiln.

• Proses steam/ feed water heaters terdapat dua jenis:1. open heaters (direct contact heater)2. closed heates (tube and sell heater)

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Shell and Tube Heater

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Klasifikasi Boiler

Drum-Type Boilers

• Depend on constant recirculation of water through some of the component s of the steams / water circuit to generate steams and keep the components from overheating. Drum- type Boilers circulate water by either natural or controlled circulation

Once-through Boilers

• Convert water to steams in one pass through the system.

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Fig. Drum- Type Boilers

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Once- Through Boilers

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Major Boilers Components• The economizer is the section of the boiler tubes

where feedwater is rst introduced into the boiler and where flue gas is used to raise the temperature of the water.

Economizers• The steam drum separates steam from the

steam/water mixture and keeps the separated steam dry.

Steams Drum• Superheaters are bundles of boiler tubing located

in the flow path of the hot gases that are created by the combustion of fuel in the boiler furnace.

Superheated

• Reheaters are bundles of boiler tubes that are exposed to the combustion gases in the same manner as superheaters.Reheated

• also known as desuperheatersSpray Attemperators

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Steams Turbin

• All are extremely high powered, varying from about 70,000 to 2 million HP

• Turbine life is normally between 30 and 40 years with minimal maintenance.

• Turbines spend the bulk of their life at constant speed, normally 3600 or 1800 rpm for 60 Hz

Page 16: Steam Power Plant.pptx

Komponen Utama Turbin Uap

Blanding• Komponen dari turbin yang menerima

load berupa sentrifugal, gaya bending dari steams getaran harmonic. Untuk itu turbin didesain sedemikian rupa agar mengurangi harmonic excitation yang akan mengakibatkan impact yang besar.

Rotors • Rotors berguna untuk menggerakan shaft turbin uap, rotor merupakan bagian kritis setelah blade.

Valve• The turbine requires many valves for

speed control, emergency control, drains, hydraulics, bypasses, and other functions,

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Fig. Typical Steams Turbin Blade

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Rotors Design1. a large forging with uniform chemistry and

properties in the high-strength alloys needed2. centrifugal force from the rotor itself and the

increase from the centrifugal pull of the blades3. resistance to brittle fracture potentially occurring in

the LP cylinder when the machine is at high speed, but the material is still not up to operational temperature

4. creep of the high-pressure (HP) and intermediate-pressure (IP) rotors under steady high-temperature load

Page 19: Steam Power Plant.pptx

Steams Powers Schematic

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Condensator

• The condenser (also discussed earlier) is a large heat exchanger that takes the LP turbine exhaust steam and converts it back to water.

• The condensate is delivered from the condenser hot well through the condensate and feedwater systems and back to the boiler where it becomes steam again.

Page 21: Steam Power Plant.pptx

Feed Water Pump

• The feedwater system consists of BFPs, HP feedwater heaters, piping, and valves

• The boiler feedwater pumps deliver water from the daerator (DA) storage tank, through the HP heaters, and into the boiler.

• The BFP is also the primary source of spray water for the superheater and reheater desuperheaters for control of the main and reheat steam temperatures, respectively.

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Post test1. Apa yang dimaksud dengan Power Plant?2. Sebut dan jelaskan alur proses perubahan energi pada power

plant sehingga dihasilkan energi listrik?3. Sebut dan Jelaskan komponen utama Power Plant?4. Gambarkan dan jelaskan grafik rankine ?

Waktunya : 10 menit

Page 23: Steam Power Plant.pptx

5. Known: A system operates in a cycle and produces a net amount of work while receiving and discharging energy by heat transfer at fixed temperatures. Find: Evaluate the claim that the cycle can develop 410 kJ of work for an energy input by heat of 1000 kJ ?

5 Menit