blok 7 sistem respirasi

8/11/2019 Blok 7 Sistem Respirasi

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Sistem respirasiMuh. Ihwan Narwanto


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Hidung & cavum nasi

Apex, dorsum, radix Nasus externus dibentuk

:os nasale, os frontale, osmaxilare, cartilago alariset septi.


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Cavum nasi : Ruangdimulai dari naresmenuju choane.

Terdapat struktur

- vestibulum nasi- septum nasi

- chonca nasalissuperior, medius,

inferior- meatus nasi superior,medius, inferior


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Sinus paranasal Sinus maxillaris

Sinus ethmoidalis Sinus frontalis Sinus sphenoidalis


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Pharynx

nasopharynx Oropharynx

laryngopharynx


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Nasopharynx Only an air passage.

During swallowing, the

soft palate and its uvulamove superiorly andclose it off. Laughter

Lined by respiratoryepithelium.

High on its posterior wallis the pharyngeal tonsil(a.k.a. adenoids) whichtraps entering pathogens.

The auditory tubes openinto its lateral walls.Why?


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Oropharynx

Lies posterior to the oralcavity

Extends from the soft palateto the epiglottis and allowspassage of food and air

Lined by nonkeratinizedstratified squamousepithelium Why?

Paired palatine tonsils lie inthe lateral walls while thelingual tonsil covers the baseof the tongue


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Laryngopharynx Lies posterior to the

epiglottis and extends tothe larynx where therespiratory and digestivepaths diverge

Common passage forboth food and air

Lined by stratifiedsquamous epithelium


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Musculi larynx

Musculi extrinsic

- m.thyrohyoideus-m. Mylohyoideus-m.sternothyroideus

-m.sternohyoideus

Musculi intrinsic

- m.cricothyroideus-m. cricoarytenoideus


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Vascularisasi et innervasi

Vascularisasi :A. Laryngea superior et inferior

Innervasi :n. Laryngeus recurrensn. Laryngeus superior


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Trachea cervicallis dan mediastinalis Tersusun oleh 16-20 cartilagines seperti tapal kuda Terdiri : pars membranacea dan pars cartilaginea Bifurcatio tracheae setinggi vert. Th V

Carina ; penonjolan pada bagian dalam Trachea kemudian bercabang menjadi bronchus

primarius dextra et sinistra Vascularisasi : a. Thyroidea inferior Innervasi : n. Laryngeus recurrens


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Bronchi and Subdivisions Each bronchus runs obliquely into the

mediastinum before plunging into the medialdepression (hilus) of the lung on its own side. Inside the lungs, the primary bronchi divide into

secondary bronchi 3 on the right and 2 on theleft each of which supplies one lung lobe.

The secondary bronchi become tertiary bronchiand so on until 23 branchings have occurred. Thisyields the bronchial tree.

Passages with a diameter of


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Pulmo

Struktur anatomi :- Apex- Basis- Fascies costalis- Fascies medialis terdiri dari : pars vertebralis dan pars

mediastinalis.Pada pars mediastinalis didapatkan impresio cardiaca danhilus pulmonalis

- fascies diaphragmatica


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PULMO

- pulmo sinistra mempunyai 2 lobus yangdipisahkan oleh fisura obliqua. Terdiri dari :lobus inferior dan lobus superior lingula.

- Pulmo dextra mempunyai 3 lobus yangdipisahkan oleh fisura obliqua dan fisurahorizontalis. Terdiri dari lobus superior, lobusmedius dan lobus inferior.


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PEMBAGIAN PULMO :PULMO DEXTER :I. LOBUS SUPERIOR :

- SEGMENTUM APICALE- SEGMENTUM POSTERIUS- SEGMENTUM ANTERIUS

II. LOBUS MEDIUS :- SEGMENTUM LATERALE- SEGMENTUM MEDIALE

III. LOBUS INFERIOR :- SEGMENTUM APICALE

- SEG. BASALE MEDIALE- SEG. BASALE ANTERIUS- SEG. BASALE LATERALE- SEG. BASALE POSTERIUS

PULMO SINISTER :I.LOBUS SUPERIOR :

- SEG. APICOPOSTERIUS- SEG. ANTERIUS

- SEG. LINGULARE SUP.- SEG. LINGULARE INF.

II. LOBUS INFERIOR:- SEGMENTUM APICALE

- SEG. BASALE MEDIALE(*)- SEG. BASALE ANTERIUS(*)- SEG. BASALE LATERALE- SEG. BASALE POSTERIUS


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Struktur paru-paru : alveolus sacus alveolaris duct. alveolaris brhonchiolusrespiratorius bronchiolus terminalis bronchiolus.

Capiler a. pulmonalis melepaskan CO2Capiler v. pulmonalis mengambil O2


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SIRKULASI DARAH

PADA PULMO

1.SIRKULASI FUNGSIONAL :( VASA PUBLICA )

VENTRICULUS DEXTRATRUNCUS PULMONALIS

A.PULMONALIS DEXT ET SINRAMI LOB. RAMI SEG.

PLEXUS CAPILL. ALVEOLIVv.INTERSEG Vv.LOBARIS:-Vv.LOB.SUP+MED/LING V.PULM.SUP.

-V.LOBARIS INF. V.PULMONALISINFERIOR

Vv.PULM.SUP/INF.DEXTRET SINISTRA ATRIUM SIN.

2.SIRKULASI NUTRITIF :( VASA PRIVATA )

AORTA DESCENDENS Aa.BRONCHIALIS KAPILER

(SETINGGI BRONCHIOLI RESPIRATORII )

. Vv.BRONCHIALISVv.HEMIAZYGOS/AZYGOSV. CAVA SUPERIOR.


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ALIRAN LYMPHE PULMO :1. ALIRAN LYMPHE PROFUNDA :

DUCTULI ALVEOLARIS LNN. BRONCHOPULMONALIS

LNN. TRACHEOBRONCHIALIS.

2. ALIRAN LYMPHE SUPERFICIAL :- LOBUS MEDIUS +INFERIOR LNN. TRACHEOBRONCHIALIS INF

- LOBUS SUPERIOR LNN. TRACHEOBRONCHIALIS SUPERIOR

KEMUDIAN SALURAN DEXTRA DUCTUS LYMPHATICUS DEXTER,

SEDANGKAN SALURAN SINISTRA DUCTUS THORACICUS.


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Pleura

Dua lapis :pleura parietalpleura viseral

Ruang diantaranya : Cavitas pleuralis Kedua lapisan menyatu pada radix pulmonalis

et lig. Pulmonalis


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Berdasar letak pleuraparietalis dibagi:- pleura mediastinalis

- pleura diafragmatica- pleura costalis- cupula pleura

Recessus :costodiafragmatica,costomediastinalis.


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VASCULARISASI PLEURA :

# PLEURA PARIETALIS :

MENDAPAT DARAH DARI CABANG-CABANG :

- Aa. INTERCOSTALIS POSTERIOR

- Aa. THORACICA INTERNA

- Aa. PHRENICA SUPERIOR

# PLEURA VISCERALIS

MENDAPAT DARAH DARI CABANG-CABANG Aa. BRONCHIALES.


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INNERVASI :

PLEURA COSTALIS DARI Nn. INTERCOSTALIS 1-11 DAN Nn.SUBCOSTALIS.

PLEURA DIAPHRAGMATICA BAGIAN PERIFER, MENDAPATSERAT-SERAT SENSORIK DARI Nn. INTERCOSTALES BAGIANBAWAH.

PLEURA DIPHRAGMATICA BAGIAN CENTRAL DAN PLEURAMEDIASTINALIS DARI Nn. PHRENICI.

PLEURA VISCERALIS TIDAK SENSITIF.


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Diafragma

Pembatas cavum thoraxdan abdominal

Terdiri : pars muscularisdan pars tendinea

Kontraksimendatar inspirasi

Relaksasi mencembung ekspirasi


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Dinding thorax

Costae Mm. intercostalis


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Muscles of Respiration

blok 7 sistem respirasi

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