rancangan pengukuran kinerja rantai pasokan minyak akar wangi di kabupaten garut dengan pendekatan...

7/31/2019 RANCANGAN PENGUKURAN KINERJA RANTAI PASOKAN MINYAK AKAR WANGI DI KABUPATEN GARUT DENGAN PENDEK…

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rancangan-pengukuran-kinerja-rantai-pasokan-minyak-akar-wangi-di-kabupaten 1/66

VBHIBHOBH U@HOPLPVBH LCH@VAB VBHTBC UBYKLBH

JCHSBL BLBV _BHOC DC LBFPUBT@H OBVPT D@HOBH

U@HD@LBTBH OV@@H YPUUMS INBCH KU@VBTCKHY V@G@V@HI@

Km`n

JPVYBMC@HB HKKV MB@MB

N645?5505

D@UBVT@J@H JBHBA@J@H

GBLPMTBY @LKHKJC DBH JBHBA@J@H

CHYTCTPT U@VTBHCBH FKOKV

FKOKV

6522



VCHOLBYBH

JPVYBMC@HB HKKV MB@MB( N645?5505( Vbhibhobh U`hoplpvbh Lch`vab

Vbhtbc Ubyklbh Jchsbl Blbv _bhoc dc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt d`hobh U`hd`lbtbhOv``h Ypuums Inbch Ku`vbtckhy V`g`v`hi`( Dc Fbbn Fcjfchobh N@TC

JPMSBTC dbh BMCJ Y@TCB_BH Y(

Jchsbl btycvc sbho f`vukt`hyc phtpl dcl`jfbholbh bhtbvb mbch jchsbl

blbv bhoc . abwb w`tcw`v kcm#( Chdkh`ycb j`vpublbh ybmbn ybtp hòbvb t`vf`ybv

u`honbycm jchsbl blbv bhoc dc dphcb( Y`htvb jchsbl blbv bhoc sbho ubmcho

f`ybv dc Chdkh`ycb f`vbdb dc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt- Abb Fbvbt( Y`htvb chdpytvc jchsbl

blbv bhoc t`vy`fpt f`vbdb dc Lìbjbtbh Ybjbvbho- Fbskhofkho- Icmbp- dbh

M`m`y( Y`mbjb chc- u`h`mctcbh t`htbho u`hoplpvbh lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh tcdbl

j`ju`vnbtclbhbyu`l mcholphobh( Km`n lbv`hb ctp- u`h`mctcbh chc dcmblplbh f`vdbybvlbh lkhyù ”ov``h‚ jbhba`j`h vbhtbc ubyklbh( U`h`mctcbh chc f`vtpapbh

phtpl1 .2# J`hobhbmcycy lkhdcyc vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc dc Lbfpubt`h

Obvpt- .6# J`vbhibho u`hoplpvbh lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc dc

Lbfpubt`h Obvpt d`hobh u`hd`lbtbh Ov``h Ypuums Inbch Ku`vbtckhy V`g`v`hi`

.OYIKV# j`hoophblbh j`tkd` Bhbmstcibm Nc`vbvins Uvki`yy .BNU#(

Dbtb sbho dcophblbh dbmbj u`h`mctcbh chc f`vpub dbtb uvcj`v dbh dbtb

y`lphd`v( J`tkd` u`hopjupmbh dbtb sbho dcophblbh dbmbj u`h`mctcbh chc bdbmbn

kfy`vwbyc mbhoypho- bbhibvb j`hdbmbj- dbh u`hocycbh lp`yckh`v( U`hobjfcmbh

ybju`m dcmblplbh yìbvb upvukycw` ybjumcho- yhkfbmm ybjumcho- dbh ytvbtcgc`d

vbhdkj

ybjumcho( U`hokmbnbh dbtb dcmblplbh d`hobh j`hoophblbh

ykgtbv` Ytbtcytcibm Ubilbo` gkv tn` Ykicbm Yic`hi`y .YUYY# w`vyc 27(5- Jcivkykgt @~i`m

655? dbh @~u`vt Inkci` 6555( Y`dbholbh bhbmcycy dbtb sbho dcophblbh bdbmbnbhbmcycy d`ylvcutcg phtpl j`hoobjfbvlbh lbvblt`vcytcl v`yukhd`h dbh l`bdbbh

pjpj vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc( D`ybch u`hoplpvbh lch`vab f`vdbybvlbh

jkd`m OYIKV d`hobh u`vtcjfbhobh ublbv*ublbv dcf`htpl dbmbj ytvpltpv ncvbvlc

u`jcmcnbh chdclbtkv lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc( Y`dbholbh phtpl

u`jcmcnbh chdclbtkv uvckvctby u`hoplpvbh lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh dcu`vkm`n dbvc

fkfkt nbycm u`vnctphobh j`hoophblbh BNU(

Bhooktb vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc t`vdcvc dbvc u`tbhc blbv bhoc-

u`hopjupm blbv bhoc- u`hspmcho blbv bhoc- u`hopjupm jchsbl blbv bhoc-

dbh `lyukvtcv( F`vdbybvlbh u`vnctphobh BNU phtpl uvky`y vbhtbc ubykl OYIKV-uvky`y u`v`hibhbbh j`jcmclc fkfkt sbho ubmcho tchooc sbctp 5-404 dbh j`habdc

uvckvctby ptbjb( Btvcfpt lch`vab sbho j`habdc uvckvctby ptbjb bdbmbn wbvcbf`m

v`yukhycwctby vbhtbc ubyklbh d`hobh fkfkt 5-642( Chdclbtkv lch`vab sbho j`habdc

uvckvctby f`vdbybvlbh btvcfpt lch`vabhsb bdbmbn bltp tphoop u`j`hpnbh u`ybhbh

.5-642#- u`j`hpnbh u`ybhbh y`jupvhb .5-222#- yclmpy ibyn tk ibyn .5-252#- fcbsb

uklkl uvkdplyc .5-257#- gm`lycfcmctby vbhtbc ubyklbh .5-222#- dbh u`hokmbnbh

mcjfbn ubdbt .5-502#(



VBHIBHOBH U@HOPLPVBH LCH@VAB VBHTBC UBYKLBH

JCHSBL BLBV _BHOC DC LBFPUBT@H OBVPT D@HOBH

U@HD@LBTBH OV@@H YPUUMS INBCH KU@VBTCKHY V@G@V@HI@

YLVCUYC

Y`fbobc ybmbn ybtp ysbvbt phtpl j`ju`vkm`n o`mbv

YBVABHB @LKHKJC

ubdb D`ubvt`j`h Jbhba`j`h

Gblpmtby @lkhkjc dbh Jbhba`j`h

Chytctpt U`vtbhcbh Fkokv

Km`n

JPVYBMC@HB HKKV MB@MB

N645?5505

D@UBVT@J@H JBHBA@J@H

GBLPMTBY @LKHKJC DBH JBHBA@J@H

CHYTCTPT U@VTBHCBH FKOKV

FKOKV

6522



Apdpm Ylvcuyc 1 Vbhibhobh U`hoplpvbh Lch`vab Vbhtbc ubyklbh Jchsbl Blbv

_bhoc dc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt d`hobh U`hd`lbtbh Ov``h Ypuums

Inbch Ku`vbtckhy V`g`v`hi`

Hbjb 1 Jpvybmc`hb Hkkv Mb`mb

HCJ 1 N645?5505

J`hs`tpapc-

U`jfcjfcho C U`jfcjfcho CC

N`tc Jpmsbtc- Y(TU- JT Bmcj Y`tcbbh Y- Y(TU- J(Yc

HCU( 23??5>26 655052 6 552 HCU( 23>6566? 655326 2 552

J`ho`tbnpc

L`tpb D`ubvt`j`h-

Dv( Cv( Akhk J( Jphbhdbv- J(Yi

HCU( 2372526923>7522556

Tbhoobm Mpmpy1



VC_BSBT NCDPU

U`hpmcy dcmbncvlbh dc Chdvbjbsp- Abb Fbvbt- ubdb

tbhoobm 0 Abhpbvc 23>3 dbvc ubybhobh Tpvkjk dbh @tch(

U`hpmcy j`vpublbh bhbl u`vtbjb dbvc `jubt f`vybpdbvb(

U`hpmcy j`hs`m`ybclbh u`hdcdclbh dc Tbjbh Lbhbl*

lbhbl Bm*Gbmbn Absbmblybhb ubdb tbnph 2339*2330 dbh

j`mbhaptlbh l` Y`lkmbn Dbybv Hò`vc Absbmblybhb 59

ubdb tbnph 2330*6552( Ubdb tbnph 6552- u`hpmcy

j`mbhaptlbh u`hdcdclbh dc Y`lkmbn J`h`hobn U`vtbjb

Hò`vc 2 Lbvbhobju`m dbh mpmpy ubdb tbnph 6554( Y`mbhapthsb u`hpmcy mpmpy dbvcY`lkmbn J`h`hobn Btby Hò`vc 2 Ymcsò ubdb tbnph 655?( Ubdb tbnph 655?

u`hpmcy dct`vcjb dc Chytctpt U`vtbhcbh Fkokv j`mbmpc abmpv Phdbhobh Y`m`lyc

Jbypl CUF .PYJC#- dc Dùbvt`j`h Jbhba`j`h- Gblpmtby @lkhkjc dbh

Jbhba`j`h(

Y`mbjb jbyb u`vlpmcbnbh- u`hpmcy clpt f`vubvtcycubyc dbmbj Kvobhcybyc

Jbnbycyb Db`vbn Clbtbh L`mpbvob dbh Jbnbycyb Dbvjb Bsp Chdvbjbsp

.CLBDB Fkokv#( U`hpmcy apob iplpu bltcg dc f`vfbobc lùbhctcbbh- sbctp ubhctcb

Jbyb U`vl`hbmbh Gblpmtby @lkhkjc dbh Jbhba`j`h- Jbyb U`vl`hbmbh

Dùbvt`j`h Jbhba`j`h- IKJE Jbvl`tcho Ikju`tctckh .IKJCI# 6553-

@ikhkjci Dcyipyyckh bhd @yybs Ikju`tctckh .@YDCYIK# 6553- Gbyt bhd Uvìcy`

@ikhkjci Ikju`tctckh .YBHY@T# 6553- dbh lùbhctcbbh bibvb mbchhsb sbho

dcbdblbh km`n KJDB CLBDB Fkokv(



LBTB U@HOBHTBV

Upac ysplpv l`nbdcvbt Bmmbn Y_T sbho t`mbn j`jf`vclbh hcljbt dbh

lbvphcb*Hsb lùbdb u`hpmcy- y`nchoob u`hpmcy dbubt j`hs`m`ybclbh ylvcuyc sbho

f`vapdpm ”Vbhibhobh U`hoplpvbh Lch`vab Vbhtbc Ubyklbh Jchsbl Blbv

_bhoc dc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt d`hobh U`hd`lbtbh Ov``h Ypuums Inbch

Ku`vbtckhy V`g`v`hi`‚ d`hobh fbcl( Ylvcuyc chc dcypyph y`fbobc ysbvbt phtpl

j`ju`vkm`n o`mbv Ybvabhb @lkhkjc ubdb Dùbvt`j`h Jbhba`j`h- Gblpmtby

@lkhkjc Jbhba`j`h- CUF(

Ylvcuyc chc j`jfbnby t`htbho vbhibhobh u`hoplpvbh lch`vab vbhtbc

ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc sbho f`vbdb dc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt( U`hoplpvbh lch`vab

j`vpublbh byu`l sbho ybhobt u`htcho dbmbj jbhba`j`h vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl

blbv bhoc dbmbj vbholb u`vfbclbh f`vl`mbhaptbh( Lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh u`vmp

j`ju`vnbtclbh byu`l mcholphobh bobv t`vicutb vbhtbc ubyklbh sbho f`fby dbvc

i`jbvbh( Km`n lbv`hb ctp- u`h`mctcbh chc dcnbvbulbh dbubt j`jf`vclbh objfbvbh

btbp v`g`v`hyc sbho f`vophb fboc ucnbl u`vpybnbbh btbpuph ucnbl*ucnbl sbho

f`vlù`htchobh t`vlbct lch`vab ”ov``h‚ jbhba`j`h vbhtbc ubyklbh(

Dbmbj u`jfpbtbh ylvcuyc chc- u`hpmcy j`hsbdbvc jbycn t`vdbubt

l`lpvbhobh( Lvctcl dbh ybvbh dbvc u`jfbib ybhobt dcnbvbulbh km`n u`hpmcy phtpl

l`y`jupvhbbh ylvcuyc chc( Y`jkob ylvcuyc chc dbubt f`vjbhgbbt fboc y`jpb ucnbl

sbho j`jfptpnlbhhsb(

Fkokv- Bopytpy 6522

U`hpmcy



PIBUBH T@VCJB LBYCN

Upac dbh ysplpv u`hpmcy ubhabtlbh lùbdb Bmmbn Y_T sbho t`mbn

j`jf`vclbh vbnjbt- lbvphcb dbh hcljbt*Hsb sbho y`hbhtcbyb dcmcjubnlbh

lùbdb u`hpmcy- t`vptbjb dbmbj u`hs`m`ybcbh ylvcuyc chc( Ubdb l`y`jubtbh chc

u`hpmcy choch j`hsbjubclbh t`vcjb lbycn sbho y`f`ybv*f`ybvhsb lùbdb 1

2( Cfp N`tc Jpmsbtc- Y(TU- JT- dbh Fbubl Bmcj Y`tcbbh Y- Y(TU- J(Yc y`mblp

dky`h u`jfcjfcho sbho t`mbn j`mpbholbh bltphsb phtpl j`jf`vclbh

fcjfchobh- ybvbh dbh jktcwbyc lùbdb u`hpmcy(

6( Fbubl Dv( Cv( Jpnbjjbd Ysbjyph- J(Yi y`mblp dky`h u`hopac ycdbho sbho

f`vy`dcb j`mpbholbh bltphsb dbh j`jf`vclbh ybvbh ubdb ylvcuyc chc(

9( L`dpb kvbho tpb t`vichtb- Fbubl dbh Jbjb- phtpl yòbmb ichtb- lbycn ybsbho-

u`vnbtcbh- hby`nbt- u`hokvfbhbh- dplphobh- dkb- dbh yòbmbhsb( Ubvb

jktcwbtkv lìcmlp- bdcl*bdcl t`vybsbho Jknbjjbd Bqcq Gbpqbh- Mptngc

Gbtnpvvbnjbh- dbh yc lìcm Vbnjb Ibnsb Ynbgcvb( L`mpbvob f`ybv dbh

ybpdbvb*ybpdbvblp t`vichtb btby dkb dbh dplphobhhsb(

4( Fbubl N( @d`- Fbubl N( Bfdpmmbn dbh y`mpvpn u`tbhc dbh u`hspmcho jchsbl

blbv bhoc dc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt sbho t`mbn j`hocqchlbh dbh f`vy`dcb

j`mpbholbh bltp dbh ubvtcycubychsb y`mbjb uvky`y u`h`mctcbh(

0( Fbubl Nbvc _bvdbhb dbh fbubl Nb`vpjbh ucnbl dbvc Dchby U`vl`fphbh y`vtb

Fbubl Taptap Vpncsbt Ucnbl dbvc Dchby U`vchdpytvcbh- U`vdbobhobh dbh

Lku`vbyc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt(

7( Y`mpvpn ytbg u`hobabv dbh tbtb pybnb Dùbvt`j`h Jbhba`j`h- G@J CUF(

?( T`jbh*t`jbh ybtp fcjfchobh .Cqhc Ykvgchb- Chtbhcb Ypdbvbtc- V`hc J`c

Gbvcdb- Cvjb Kltbwcb- Bopho Ibnsb Hpovbnb- @lb Bytvcbhc- Hkmb Hkwcbbtc-Vcwbmdc Bjbhdb# phtpl jktcwbyc- u`vybnbfbtbh- u`vybpdbvbbh- l`f`vybjbbh

dbh l`vabybjbhsb y`mbjb uvky`y fcjfchobh dbh u`hspyphbh ylvcuyc chc(

>( Lkkvdchbtkv mbubho u`h`mctcbh- Vkhc Absbchbhoph- Y(@ sbho t`mbn j`jf`vc

fcjfchobh- bvbnbh- dbh jbyplbh dbmbj u`hspyphbh ylvcuyc chc( T`vcjblbycn

phtpl dkb- y`jbhobt- dbh u`hobmbjbh sbho t`mbn dcf`vclbh lùbdb u`hpmcy(

3( Ybnbfbt t`vfbcl- Gbtcjbtpqqbnvk DUD- _chdb B_L- Hkvwc Nbhdbsbtc-

Bhbhdb Upupt V- dbh M`ms Upvhbjb I- btby yòbmb fbhtpbh- y`jbhobt-



dplphobh- u`vnbtcbh- dkb- u`vybpdbvbbh- u`vybnbfbtbh dbh l`f`vybjbbh

y`mbjb chc(

25( Bvcg Jbpmbhb dbh Dchc Jbvmcbhc sbho t`mbn j`jfbhtp dbmbj uvky`y

u`hspyphbh ylvcuyc( @lb Chtchb- Vkyscdbn V- Dcyb Vpydcbhb- dbh y`jpb

t`jbh*t`jbh Jbhba`j`h 44 phtpl l`f`vybjbbhhsb y`mbjb jbyb

u`vlpmcbnbh(

22( Tpytcbn Tvc Hkwcbhtc- Jbsb Bhovpj Uvcnbtch- Chdbn Lnbsbtc- Bbj Bj`mcb-

Hkwb Hcyb H- dbh y`jpb t`jbh*t`jbh CLBDB Fkokv phtpl yòbmb dkb-

y`jbhobt- u`vtkmkhobh- l`f`vybjbbh dbh l`l`mpbvobbh y`mbjb f`vbdb dc

u`vbhtbpbh chc(

26( Ypybhtc- Bmj( J`mcyyb- M`mcsbn- Hkwctb- Bdcabn- Cdb Gbvcdb- A`hc @vsbhc- Cjbj

Ypdvbabt- Fcb Dcvcub- Bvc` Vcgls- Sbjc`h- Hpvlbjbm y`vtb y`mpvpn l`mpbvob

f`ybv Bmpjhc YJBH 2 Ymcsò 655? dbh Bmpjhc YJUH 2 Lbvbhobju`m 6554

btby dkb- y`jbhobt- dbh u`vybnbfbtbh sbho t`mbn dcf`vclbh lùbdb u`hpmcy(

29( Y`jpb ucnbl sbho tcdbl dbubt dcy`fptlbh ybtp u`vybtp sbho t`mbn j`jfbhtp

dbh j`hdkblbh u`hpmcy dbmbj j`hs`m`ybclbh ylvcuyc chc(

Y`jkob Bmmbn Y_T j`jfbmby l`fbclbh y`jpb ucnbl sbho t`mbn

j`jfbhtp u`hpmcy dbmbj u`hspyphbh ylvcuyc chc(



DBGTBV CYC

Nbmbjbh

VCHOLBYBH

VC_BSBT NCDPU (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ccc

LBTB U@HOBHTBV (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( cw

PIBUBH T@VCJB LBYCN ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( w

DBGTBV CYC ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( wcc

DBGTBV TBF@M ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( c~

DBGTBV OBJFBV ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ~

DBGTBV MBJUCVBH (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ~c

C( U@HDBNPMPBH ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 2

2(2( Mbtbv F`mblbho (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 2

2(6( U`vpjpybh Jbybmbn (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 6

2(9( Tpapbh U`h`mctcbh (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 9

2(4( Vpbho Mcholpu U`h`mctcbh (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 4

2(0( Jbhgbbt U`h`mctcbh (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 4

CC( TCHABPBH UPYTBLB ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 0

6(2( Vbhtbc Ubyklbh dbh Jbhba`j`h Vbhtbc Ubyklbh ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 0

6(6( Lch`vab ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 7

6(9( Ypuums Inbch Ku`vbtckhy V`g`v`hi` ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ?

6(4( Ov``h Ypuums Inbch Jbhbo`j`ht dbh Ov``h Ypuums

Inbch Ku`vbtckhy V`g`v`hi` (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 3

6(0( Bhbmstcibm Nc`vbvins Uvki`yy (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 22

6(7( U`h`mctcbh T`vdbnpmp ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 29

CCC( J@TKD@ U@H@MCTCBH ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 20

9(2( L`vbholb U`jclcvbh U`h`mctcbh ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 20

9(6( Tbnbubh U`h`mctcbh ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 2?9(9( Mklbyc dbh _bltp U`h`mctcbh (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 23

9(4( A`hcy dbh J`tkd` U`hopjupmbh Dbtb (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 23

9(0( T`lhcl U`hobjfcmbh Ybju`m ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 66

9(7( U`hokmbnbh dbh Bhbmcycy Dbtb ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 64

CW( NBYCM DBH U@JFBNBYBH (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 6?

4(2( Cd`htcgclbyc Vbhtbc Ubyklbh Jchsbl Blbv _bhoc ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 6?

4(2(2 (Bltcgctby U`tbhc Blbv _bhoc ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( (( 63

4(2(6( Bltcgctby U`hopjupm Tbhbjbh Blbv _bhoc ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 99

4(2(9( Bltcgctby U`hspmcho Blbv _bhoc (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( ((( 99



4(2(4( Bltcgctby U`hopjupm Jchsbl Blbv _bhoc (((((((((((((((((((((((((((( (((( 97

4(2(0( Ypjf`v Dbsb Vbhtbc Ubyklbh ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( (( 97

4(6( Vbhibhobh Chdclbtkv Lch`vab Vbhtbc Ubyklbh Jchsbl Blbv _bhoc

d`hobh U`hd`lbtbh OYIKV ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 9?

4(6(2( Uvky`y Vbhtbc Ubykl (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 454(6(6( Btvcfpt Lch`vab dbh Chdclbtkv Lch`vab ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 46

4(9( Cjumclbyc Jbhba`vcbm (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 4>

L@YCJUPMBH DBH YBVBH ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 43

2( L`ycjupmbh ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 43

6( Ybvbh ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 43

DBGTBV UPYTBLB ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 05

MBJUCVBH (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 06



DBGTBV TBF@M

Hk( Nbmbjbh2( Ylbmb u`vfbhdchobh f`vubybhobh (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 26

6( A`hcy- j`tkd` u`hopjupmbh- dbh ypjf`v dbtb ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 66

9( Apjmbn v`yukhd`h u`h`mctcbh phtpl cd`htcgclbyc vbhtbc ubykl ((((((((((((( 69

4( Fkfkt dbh uvckvctby uvky`y vbhtbc ubyklbh f`vdbybvlbh OYIKV ((((((( 45

0( Fkfkt dbh uvckvctby btvcfpt lch`vab f`vdbybvlbh OYIKV ((((((((((((((((((( 49

7( Btvcfpt dbh chdclbtkv lch`vab OYIKV vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv

_bhoc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 4?



DBGTBV OBJFBV

Hk( Nbmbjbh2( Ytvpltpv jbhba`j`h vbhtbc ubyklbh (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 7

6( Ytvpltpv jkd m YIKV ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 3

9( Ytvpltpv jkd m OYIKV (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 22

4( L`vbholb u`jclcvbh u`h`mctcbh ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 27

0( Tbnbubh u`h`mctcbh (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 2>

7( Ncvbvlc u`jcmcnbh chdclbtkv uvckvctby lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh

jchsbl blbv bhoc dc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 67

?( Ukmb bmcvbh vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 6?

>( Mbjb pybnb fpdcdbsb blbv bhoc ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 95

3( Mpby mbnbh fpdcdbsb blbv bhoc ((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 95

25( Ncvbvlc dbh u`jfkfktbh u`jcmcnbh chdclbtkv uvckvctby lch`vab

vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc dc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt ((((((((((((((((((((( 93



DBGTBV MBJUCVBH

Hk( Nbmbjbh2( Nbycm u`hokmbnbh dbtb d`hobh @~u`vt Inkci` (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 06



C( U@HDBNPMPBH

2(2( Mbtbv F`mblbho

Ybmbn ybtp lkjkdctby u`vtbhcbh sbho ukt`hycbm y`fbobc uvkdpl `lyukv

Chdkh`ycb bdbmbn jchsbl btycvc btbp dcl`hbm d`hobh jchsbl `y`hycbm( A`hcy jchsbl

btycvc t`vfpbt dbvc tpjfpn*tpjfpnbh t`vt`htp- fbcl f`vbybm dbvc fphob- uptcl

fphob- dbph- fcac*fcacbh- lbsp- btbpuph blbv( Jbhgbbt jchsbl btycvc ybhobt fbhsbl-

dcbhtbvbhsb y`fbobc fbnbh fblp jchsbl bhoc- lkyj`tcl- kfbt*kfbtbh- dbh

dcophblbh y`fbobc lbhdphobh dbmbj fpjfp u`hs`dbu jblbhbh(

A`hcy lkjkdctby `lyukv jchsbl btycvc sbho f`vukt`hyc phtpl

dcl`jfbholbh bdbmbn jchsbl blbv bhoc . abwb w`tcw`v kcm#( Jchsbl blbv bhoc

j`vpublbh uvkdpl chdpytvc lìcm f`vfbycy ypjf`v dbsb mklbm sbho f`vkvc`htbyc

ubybv `lyukv( Y`htvb jchsbl blbv bhoc sbho ubmcho f`ybv dc Chdkh`ycb f`vbdb dc

Lbfpubt`h Obvpt- Abb Fbvbt( Blbv bhoc j`vpublbh ybmbn ybtp lkjkdctby nbycm

u`vl`fphbh sbho ybhobt ukt`hycbm phtpl dcl`jfbholbh dc db`vbn Obvpt( Nbm chc

dcy`fbflbh lbv`hb Lbfpubt`h Obvpt j`jcmclc tcholbt l`ypfpvbh tbhbn sbho fbcl(

Lkhdcyc mcholphobh ypjf`v dbsb bmbj Lbfpubt`h Obvpt d`hobh dbsb dplpho

bovklmcjbt sbho iplpu fbcl- ybhobt jpholch phtpl j`hcholbtlbh uvkdplyc

jchsbl blbv bhoc fbcl lpbmctby jbpuph lpbhtctbyhsb Pybnb jchsbl blbv bhoc

dc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt ypdbn dcmblplbh yàbl tbnph 232> .(obvptlbf(ok(cd-

6553#(

Ypjf`v u`v`lkhkjcbh Chdkh`ycb bhtbvb mbch f`vbybm dbvc lòcbtbh `lyukv

dbh cjukv- ybmbn ybtphsb bdbmbn `lyukv jchsbl blbv bhoc( U`vtpjfpnbh

`lkhkjc ubdb chdpytvc jchsbl blbv bhoc dcnbvbulbh dbubt j`ju`vnbtclbh

lkhdcyc mcholphobh( U`vtpjfpnbh `lkhkjc sbho j`ju`vnbtclbh lkhdcyc

mcholphobh j`vpublbh v`yukh btby u`vpfbnbh clmcj omkfbm dbh u`vjbybmbnbh

mcholphobh sbho dcbhoobu j`hobhibj l`f`vmbhaptbh l`ncdpubh( U`vtpjfpnbh

`lkhkjc sbho j`hobip ubdb lkhdcyc mcholphobh dcnbvbulbh dbubt j`hicutblbh

u`jfbhophbh f`vl`mbhaptbh sbho dbubt dccjum`j`htbyclbh dbmbj abholb ubhabho(

U`jfbhophbh f`vl`mbhaptbh j`vpublbh ybmbn ybtp sbho f`vlbctbh d`hobh

byu`l mcholphobh( Lkhyù u`jfbhophbh f`vl`mbhaptbh jphipm y`cvcho d`hobh

l`ybdbvbh jbhpycb t`vnbdbu mcholphobh( U`jfbhophbh f`vl`mbhaptbh

http://www.garutkab.go.id/




dcl`jfbholbh lbv`hb lì`jbybh blbh y`jblch j`vkykthsb l`jbjupbh fpjc

j`hsbhoob l`ncdpubh( Nbm chc t`vabdc lbv`hb m`dblbh apjmbn u`hdpdpl tchooc-

j`hcholbtlbh bltcwctby jbhpycb- cht`hyctby `lyumkctbyc ypjf`v dbsb bmbj- sbho

dccvchoc d`hobh j`hcholbthsb mcjfbn sbho dcmùbylbh bmbj( Dbsb dplpho

mcholphobh y`jblch nbvc y`jblch f`vlpvbho lbv`hb u`hi`jbvbh i`hd`vpho

j`hcholbt .Y`tcbbh dll- 6522#( Km`n lbv`hb ctp- byu`l mcholphobh ybhobt

dcu`vmplbh dbmbj chdpytvc jchsbl blbv bhoc( I`jbvbh sbho dcnbycmlbh dbvc

chdpytvc jchsbl blbv bhoc sbctp i`jbvbh dbvc mcjfbn ibcv- mcjfbn ubdbt- dbh

mcjfbn pdbvb(

Y`mbch lkhdcyc mcholphobh- ypjf`v dbsb bmbj- dbh u`vbh u`j`vchtbn sbho

j`hdplpho l`mbhoyphobh chdpytvc jchsbl blbv bhoc- jbhba`j`h vbhtbc ubyklbh

uph u`vmp dctcholbtlbh bobv y`mpvpn uvky`y fcyhcy f`vabmbh d`hobh fbcl( Dbmbj

vbholb u`hcholbtbh lpbmctby dbh lpbhtctby jchsbl blbv bhoc dcfptpnlbh ytvbtòc

dbh lch`vab sbho `g`ltcg dbvc bmcvbh vbhtbc ubyklbh chdpytvc t`vy`fpt(

Ycyt`j u`vbhibhobh u`hoplpvbh lch`vab j`vpublbh gbltkv u`htcho phtpl

kutcjbmcybyc bmcvbh vbhtbc ubyklbh( Ybmbn ybtp gbltkv lphic l`f`vnbycmbh y`fpbn

vbhtbc ubykl dbmbj j`ju`vfbclc lch`vab uvky`y fcyhcyhsb bdbmbn t`vm`tbl ubdb

l`jbjupbh f`l`vabybjb dcbhtbvb jbycho*jbycho u`mblp dbmbj jbtb vbhtbc

ubyklbh( F`vdbybvlbh u`ha`mbybh*u`ha`mbybh y`f`mpjhsb- u`h`mctcbh chc dcmblplbh

phtpl j`hocd`htcgclbyc lkhdcyc vbhtbc ubyklbh dbh j`hoplpv lch`vab vbhtbc

ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc sbho bdb dc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt( Nbycm u`h`mctcbh chc

dcnbvbulbh dbubt j`jfbhtp ubvb u`mblp pybnb jchsbl blbv bhoc dbmbj vbholb

j`hokutcjbmlbh lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc sbho j`ju`vnbtclbh

byu`l mcholphobh(

2(6( U`vpjpybh Jbybmbn

Ubvb u`mblp pybnb jchsbl blbv bhoc nbvpy j`mblplbh u`vfbclbh yìbvb

t`vpy*j`h`vpy phtpl j`hcholbtlbh lpbhtctby dbh lpbmctby jchsbl blbv bhoc(

Bhooktb vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc t`vdcvc dbvc u`tbhc blbv bhoc-


dbh `lyukvtcv jchsbl blbv bhoc( Bhooktb vbhtbc ubyklbh t`vy`fpt tcdbl nbhsb

y`fbobc ucnbl sbho j`hs`dcblbh uvkdpl phtpl dc `lyukv- t`tbuc apob y`fbobc



ucnbl sbho f`vu`vbh dbmbj j`habob lù`vibsbbh lkhypj`h mpbv hò`vc t`vnbdbu

jchsbl blbv bhoc Chdkh`ycb(

Lch`vab j`vpublbh ybmbn ybtp byu`l sbho dbubt dcplpv dbmbj jbhba`j`h

vbhtbc ubyklbh( U`hoplpvbh lch`vab dcmblplbh dbmbj vbholb phtpl j`mblplbh

u`vfbclbh sbho f`vl`mbhaptbh dbmbj ypbtp vbhtbc ubyklbh( U`hoplpvbh lch`vab

j`mcfbtlbh y`jpb bhooktb vbhtbc ubyklbh dbvc u`jbykl nchoob lkhypj`h blncv(

Lkhyù Ov``h Ypuums Inbch Jbhbo`j`ht .OYIJ# j`vpublbh

jbhba`j`h vbhtbc ubyklbh sbho f`vnpfphobh d`hobh byu`l mcholphobh(

Jbhba`j`h vbhtbc ubyklbh sbho f`vfbycy ”ov``h‚ u`htcho phtpl dct`vbulbh lbv`hb

y`mbjb chc plpvbh lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh tcdbl j`ju`vnbtclbh dbjubl t`vnbdbu

mcholphobh( Ubdb u`h`mctcbh chc dcophblbh u`hd`lbtbh Ov``h Ypuums Inbch

Ku`vbtckhy V`g`v`hi` .OYIKV# phtpl j`hoplpv lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl

blbv bhoc( U`hoplpvbh lch`vab d`hobh u`hd`lbtbh OYIKV u`htcho phtpl

dcmblplbh lbv`hb dbubt j`hcmbc lch`vab l`y`mpvpnbh vbhtbc ubyklbh-

j`hocd`htcgclbyc u`vfbclbh*u`vfbclbh sbho u`vmp dcmblplbh- dbh

j`ju`vtcjfbholbh byu`l mcholphobh(

F`vdbybvlbh nbm t`vy`fpt- jblb dcvpjpylbh jbybmbn y`fbobc f`vclpt 1

2( Fbobcjbhb lkhdcyc vbhtbc ubyklbh ubdb chdpytvc jchsbl blbv bhoc dc

Lbfpubt`h Obvpt;

6( Fbobcjbhb d`ybch u`hoplpvbh lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh ubdb chdpytvc jchsbl

blbv bhoc dc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt d`hobh u`hd`lbtbh Ov``h Ypuums Inbch

Ku`vbtckhy V`g`v`hi` .OYIKV# j`hoophblbh j`tkd` Bhbmstcibm

Nc`vbvins Uvki`yy .BNU#;

2(9( Tpapbh U`h`mctcbh

F`vdbybvlbh u`vjbybmbnbh dcbtby- jblb tpapbh dbvc u`h`mctcbh chc bdbmbn 1

2( J`hobhbmcycy lkhdcyc vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc dc Lbfpubt`h

Obvpt(

6( J`vbhibho d`ybch u`hoplpvbh lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc

dc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt d`hobh u`hd`lbtbh OYIKV j`hoophblbh j`tkd`

BNU(



2(4(Vpbho Mcholpu U`h`mctcbh

U`h`mctcbh chc j`jfbnby t`htbho cd`htcgclbyc vbhtbc ubyklbh dbh

u`hoplpvbh lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc dc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt- sbho

f`vbdb dc Lìbjbtbh Ybjbvbho- Lìbjbtbh Fbskhofkho- Lìbjbtbh Icmbp-

dbh Lìbjbtbh M`m`y( Bhooktb vbhtbc ubyklbh sbho dccd`htcgclbyc bdbmbn u`tbhc

blbv bhoc- u`hopjupm blbv bhoc- u`hspmcho blbv bhoc- u`hopjupm jchsbl

blbv bhocdbh `lyukvtcv jchsbl blbv bhoc(

2(0( Jbhgbbt U`h`mctcbh

Nbycm u`h`mctcbh chc dcnbvbulbh blbh j`jf`vclbh jbhgbbt phtpl f`vfbobc

ucnbl- dcbhtbvbhsb phtpl u`hpmcy- fboc cmjp u`ho`tbnpbh- dbh fboc ucnbl ’ ucnbl

mbch sbho f`vlù`htchobh(

2( Fboc u`hpmcy- u`h`mctcbh chc dcnbvbulbh dbubt j`jf`vclbh u`hobmbjbh dbh

u`ho`tbnpbh t`htbho jbhba`j`h vbhtbc ubyklbh dbh j`h`vbulbh cmjp

sbho dcu`vkm`n y`mbjb lpmcbn- lnpypyhsb cmjp jbhba`j`h uvkdplyc dbh

ku`vbyc(

6( Fboc u`mblp pybnb jchsbl blbv bhoc- u`h`mctcbh chc dcnbvbulbh dbubt

j`jf`vclbh objfbvbh t`htbho lkhdcyc vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhocdbh lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh sbho m`fcn fbcl(

9( Fboc cmjp u`ho`tbnpbh- u`h`mctcbh chc dcnbvbulbh dbubt j`hbjfbn

chgkvjbyc fboc u`vl`jfbhobh cmjp u`ho`tbnpbh- lnpypyhsb t`htbho cmjp

jbhba`j`h uvkdplyc dbh ku`vbyc( Y`mbch ctp u`h`mctcbh chc dbubt j`habdc

v`g`v`hyc btbp vpaplbh fboc u`h`mctcbh y`mbhapthsb- lnpypyhsb u`h`mctcbh dc

fcdbho jbhba`j`h vbhtbc ubyklbh(



CC( TCHABPBH UPYTBLB

6(2( Vbhtbc Ubyklbh dbh Jbhba`jbh Vbhtbc Ubyklbh

J`hpvpt Upabbh .6550#- vbhtbc ubyklbh bdbmbn abvchobh u`vpybnbbh*

u`vpybnbbh sbho f`l`vab phtpl j`hicutblbh dbh j`honbhtbvlbh ypbtp uvkdpl l`

tbhobh u`jblbc blncv yìbvb f`vybjb*ybjb( U`vpybnbbh*u`vpybnbbh t`vy`fpt

fcbybhsb u`jbykl- ubfvcl- dcytvcfptkv- tklk- btbp vct`m dbh u`vpybnbbh*u`vpybnbbh

u`hdplpho yù`vtc u`vpybnbbh abyb mkocytcl(

J`hpvpt Ycbocbh .6550#- ytvbtòc vbhtbc ubyklbh j`vpublbh ytvbtòc sbho

dcfptpnlbh phtpl j`jfbhtp u`hibubcbh tpapbh u`vpybnbbh sbho dcchochlbh

dbmbj ytvbtòc u`vpybnbbh( Chkwbyc t`vnbdbu u`hd`lbtbh*u`hd`lbtbh ytvbtòc vbhtbc

ubyklbh blbh j`jfpbt u`vpybnbbh dbubt phoopm dbmbj f`vybcho( J`hpvpt Ycymcbh

dbh Ybtcv dbmbj Ycbocbh .6550#- phypv*phypv u`jfpbtbh ytvbtòc vbhtbc ubyklbh

t`vdcvc dbvc gbltkv uvcj`v .l`phoopmbh f`vybcho- gm`lycfcmctby u`vjchtbbh# dbh

gbltkv y`lphd`v .lbubfcmctby uvky`y- fbtby bltp uvky`y- dbh vcyclk ytvbtòc#(

J`hpvpt Jbvtch dbmbj Tphoobm .6553#- jbhba`j`h vbhtbc ubyklbh bdbmbn

abvchobh kvobhcybyc sbho j`mcfbtlbh npfphobh npmp .puytv`bj# dbh ncmcv

.dkhytv`bj# dbmbj uvky`y dbh bltcwctby sbho f`vf`db sbho j`jf`vc hcmbc dbmbj

f`htpl uvkdpl dbh abyb ubdb u`mbhoobh( J`hpvpt N`cq`v dbh V`hd`v .6525#-

jbhba`j`h vbhtbc ubyklbh j`vpublbh chtòvbyc bltcwctby u`hobdbbh fbnbh dbh

u`mbsbhbbh- u`hopfbnbh fbvbho y`t`hobn abdc dbh uvkdpl blncv- y`vtb u`hocvcjbh

lùbdb u`mbhoobh(

J`hpvpt Ycbocbh .6550#- vpbho mcholpu jbhba`j`h vbhtbc ubyklbh

j`mcuptc- .2# Vbhtbc ubyklbh sbho j`hiblpu y`mpvpn lòcbtbh bvpy dbh

tvbhygkvjbyc fbvbho jpmbc dbvc fbnbh j`htbn- ybjubc u`hsbmpvbh l` tbhobhlkhypj`h t`vjbypl bmcvbh chgkvjbychsb( Fbnbh fblp dbh bmcvbh chgkvjbyc bdbmbn

vbholbcbh dbvc vbhtbc ubyklbh( .6# Vbhtbc ubyklbh y`fbobc ypbtp ycyt`j t`jubt

kvobhcybyc j`hsbmpvlbh fbvbho uvkdplyc dbh abyb lùbdb ubvb u`mbhoobhhsb(

Ytvpltpv jbhba`j`h vbhtbc ubyklbh dbubt dcmcnbt ubdb Objfbv 2(



Objfbv 2( Ytvpltpv jbhba`j`h vbhtbc ubyklbh .Ycbocbh- 6550#

Jbhba`j`h vbhtbc ubyklbh f`vlbctbh mbhoypho d`hobh yclmpy m`holbu

fbnbh fblp dbvc u`jbykl l` uvkdplyc- opdbho- dbh dcytvcfpyc l`jpdcbh ybjubc l`

lkhypj`h( Y`j`htbvb u`vpybnbbh j`hcholbtlbh l`jbjupbh f`vybcho j`v`lb

j`mbmpc u`hs`ypbcbh uvkdpl- lpbmctby sbho tchooc- u`hopvbhobh fcbsb- dbh

lìùbtbh j`hibubc ubybv dcf`vclbh u`h`lbhbh tbjfbnbh t`vnbdbu vbhtbc

ubyklbh( Vbhtbc ubyklbh j`hiblpu l`y`mpvpnbh cht`vblyc bhtbvb u`jbykl-

u`vpybnbbh jbhpgbltpv- dcytvcfptkv- dbh lkhypj`h( Cht`vblyc chc apob f`vlbctbh

d`hobh tvbhyukvtbyc- chgkvjbyc u`habdbmbh- tvbhyg`v lv`dct- dbh tphbc- y`vtb

tvbhyg`v fbnbh fblp bhtbvb ucnbl*ucnbl sbho t`vmcfbt(

6(6( Lch`vab

J`hpvpt _cfkk .6553#- lch`vab bdbmbn j`mblplbh u`l`vabbh dbh nbycm

sbho dcibubc dbvc u`l`vabbh t`vy`fpt- t`htbho bub sbho dcl`vablbh dbh fbobcjbhbibvb j`ho`vablbhhsb( U`hoplpvbh lch`vab u`vmp dcmblplbh phtpl j`ho`tbnpc

bublbn y`mbjb u`mblybhbbh lch`vab t`vdbubt u`hscjubhobh dbvc v`hibhb sbho

t`mbn dct`htplbh- bublbn lch`vab dbubt dcmblplbh y`ypbc abdbm bltp sbho

dct`htplbh- dbh bublbn nbycm lch`vab t`mbn t`vibubc y`ypbc d`hobh sbho dcnbvbulbh(

U`hoplpvbh lch`vab sbho tùbt dbubt dcmblplbh d`hobh ibvb1

2( J`jbytclbh fbnb u`vysbvbtbh sbho dcchochlbh u`mbhoobh t`mbn

t`vu`hpnc(

* Chgkvjbyc u`habdbmbh

* Bvpy lby

* Bvpy u`ybhbh

U`jbykl U`vy`dcbbh U`vpybnbbh Dcytvcfpyc Lkhypj`h

* Bvpy lv`dct

* Bvpy fbnbh fblp



6( J`hopybnblbh ytbhdbv lch`vab phtpl j`hicutblbh u`vfbhdchobh(

9( J`hopybnblbh abvbl fboc kvbho phtpl j`jkhctkv tcholbt lch`vab(

4( J`h`tbulbh bvtc u`htcho jbybmbn lpbmctby dbh j`h`htplbh bub sbho u`vmp

uvckvctby u`vnbtcbh(

0( J`honchdbvc lkhy`lp`hyc dbvc v`hdbnhsb lpbmctby(

7( J`ju`vtcjfbholbh u`hoophbbh ypjf`v dbsb(

?( J`hopybnblbh pjubh fbmcl phtpl j`hdkvkho pybnb u`vfbclbh(

J`hpvpt Upabbh .6550#- ybmbn ybtp byu`l gphdbj`htbm dbmbj jbhba`j`h

vbhtbc ubyklbh bdbmbn jbhba`j`h lch`vab dbh u`vfbclbh yìbvb f`vl`mbhaptbh(

Phtpl j`hicutblbh jbhba`j`h lch`vab sbho `g`ltcg dcu`vmplbh ycyt`j

u`hoplpvbh sbho jbjup j`ho`wbmpbyc lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh yìbvb nkmcytcl(

Ycyt`j u`hoplpvbh lch`vab dcu`vmplbh phtpl1

2( J`mblplbh u`hobbybh dbh u`ho`hdbmcbh(

6( J`holkjphclbyclbh tpapbh kvobhcybyc l` gphoyc*gphoyc ubdb vbhtbc

ubyklbh(

9( J`ho`tbnpc ukycyc ypbtp kvobhcybyc t`vnbdbu u`ybcho jbpuph t`vnbdbu

tpapbh sbho n`hdbl dcibubc(

4( J`h`htplbh bvbn u`vfbclbh phtpl j`hicutblbh l`phoopmbh dbmbj

f`vybcho(

Gcmkykgc jbhba`j`h vbhtbc ubyklbh j`h`lbhlbh u`vmphsb lkkvdchbyc dbh

lkmbfkvbyc fbcl bhtbv gphoyc dc dbmbj y`fpbn kvobhcybyc jbpuph mchtby kvobhcybyc

ubdb ypbtp vbhtbc ubyklbh( Nbm chc j`hscvbtlbh u`htchohsb ycyt`j u`hoplpvbh

lch`vab sbho t`vchtòvbyc- fplbh nbhsb dc dbmbj ypbtp kvobhcybyc- t`tbuc apob bhtbv

u`jbch kvobhcybyc ubdb ypbtp vbhtbc ubyklbh( Bvtchsb- ycyt`j u`hoplpvbh lch`vab

nbvpy j`jcmclc bmbt plpv sbho dbubt dcophblbh phtpl j`jkhctkv lch`vab yìbvbf`vybjb*ybjb bhtbvb ybtp kvobhcybyc d`hobh kvobhcybyc mbchhsb ubdb y`fpbn vbhtbc

ubyklbh(

6(9( Ypuums Inbch Ku`vbtckhy V`g`v`hi`

J`hpvpt Upabbh .6550#- Ypuums Inbch Ku`vbtckhy V`g`v`hi` .YIKV#

bdbmbn ypbtp jkd`m bipbh dbvc ku`vbyc vbhtbc ubyklbh( YIKV j`vpublbh jkd`m

sbho f`vdbybvlbh uvky`y( YIKV j`jfboc uvky`y*uvky`y vbhtbc ubyklbh j`habdc

mcjb uvky`y sbho t`vdcvc dbvc1



2( Umbh .Uvky`y U`v`hibhbbh#

Umbh sbctp uvky`y sbho j`hs`cjfbholbh u`vjchtbbh dbh ubyklbh phtpl

j`h`htplbh tchdblbh t`vfbcl dbmbj j`j`hpnc l`fptpnbh u`hobdbbh-

uvkdplyc- dbh u`hocvcjbh( Umbh j`hiblpu uvky`y j`hblycv- l`fptpnbh

dcytvcfpyc- u`v`hibhbbh dbh u`ho`hdbmcbh u`vy`dcbbh- u`v`hibhbbh uvkdplyc-

u`v`hibhbbh jbt`vcbm- u`v`hibhbbh lbubyctby- dbh j`mblplbh u`hs`ypbcbh

v`hibhb vbhtbc ubyklbh dbh v`hibhb l`pbhobh(

6( Ykpvi` .Uvky`y U`hobdbbh#

Ykpvi` sbctp uvky`y u`hobdbbh fbvbho jbpuph abyb phtpl j`j`hpnc

u`vjchtbbh( Uvky`y ykpvi` j`hiblpu u`habdbmbh u`hocvcjbh dbvc u`jbykl-

j`h`vcjb- j`hoì`l- dbh j`jf`vc ktkvcybyc u`jfbsbvbh phtpl fbvbho sbho

dclcvcj u`jbykl- j`jcmcn u`jbykl- dbh j`ho`wbmpbyc lch`vab u`jbykl(

9( Jbl` .Uvky`y Uvkdplyc#

Jbl` sbctp uvky`y phtpl j`htvbhygkvjbyc fbnbh fblp j`habdc uvkdpl

sbho dcchochlbh u`mbhoobh( Uvky`y jbl` j`hiblpu u`habdbmbh uvkdplyc-

j`mblplbh lòcbtbh uvkdplyc dbh j`mblplbh u`ho`t`ybh lpbmctby- j`ho`mkmb

fbvbho y`t`hobn abdc- dbh j`j`mcnbvb gbycmctby uvkdplyc(

4( D`mcw`v .Uvky`y U`hocvcjbh#

D`mcw`v sbctp uvky`y phtpl j`j`hpnc u`vjchtbbh t`vnbdbu fbvbho jbpuph

abyb sbho j`mcuptc jbhba`j`h u`ybhbh- tvbhyukvtbyc- dbh dcytvcfpyc( Uvky`y

d`mcw`v j`hiblpu j`hbhobhc u`ybhbh dbvc u`mbhoobh- j`jcmcn u`vpybnbbh abyb

u`hocvcjbh- j`hbhobhc lòcbtbh u`vopdbhobh uvkdpl abdc- dbh j`hocvcj

tbocnbh l` u`mbhoobh(

0( V`tpvh .Uvky`y U`ho`jfbmcbh#

V`tpvh sbctp uvky`y u`ho`jfbmcbh btbp j`h`vcjb u`ho`jfbmcbh uvkdpl lbv`hb f`vfbobc bmbybh( Lòcbtbh v`tpvh bhtbvb mbch cd`htcgclbyc lkhdcyc uvkdpl-

j`jchtb ktkvcybyc u`ho`jfbmcbh ibibt- u`habdbmbh u`ho`jfbmcbh- dbh

j`mblplbh u`ho`jfbmcbh(

YIKV dbubt j`hoplpv lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh yìbvb kfs`ltcg f`vdbybvlbh

dbtb sbho bdb y`vtb dbubt j`hocd`htcgclbyc dc jbhb u`vfbclbh u`vmp dcmblplbh

phtpl j`hicutblbh l`phoopmbh f`vybcho d`hobh j`mblplbh bhbmcycy dbh

d`lkjukycyc uvky`y( Objfbv ytvpltpv jkd`m YIKV dbubt dcmcnbt ubdb Objfbv 6(



Objfbv 6( Ytvpltpv jkd`m YIKV .Ypuums Inbch Ikphicm- 6557#

6(4( Ov``h Ypuums Inbch Jbhbo`j`ht dbh Ov``h Ypuums Inbch Ku`vbtckhy

V`g`v`hi`

Ov``h Ypuums Inbch Jbhbo`j`ht .OYIJ# j`vpublbh lbtb lphic phtpl

j`sblchlbh fbnb y`jpb gbltkv btbp y`jpb `m`j`h dbmbj vbhtbc ubyklbh

j`ju`vnbtclbh mcholphobhhsb btbp tcdbl j`hcjfpmlbh dbjubl f`vfbnbsb fboc

mcholphobh .Nptincykh dbmbj Y`tcbbh dll- 6522#( Hbvbycjnbh dbh Ibvt`v dbmbj

Y`tcbbh dll .6522# j`hd`gchcyclbh OYIJ y`fbobc gphoyc u`jf`mcbh t`vjbypl

u`hopvbhobh- dbpv pmbho- u`hoophbbh l`jfbmc- dbh ypfytctpyc fbnbh fblp(

Y`dbholbh j`hpvpt _bml`v `t bm dbmbj Y`tcbbh dll .6522#- lkhy`u OYIJ

j`hiblpu y`mpvpn tbnbubh dbmbj yclmpy ncdpu uvkdpl- jpmbc dbvc u`hs`dcbh

fbnbh fblp- uvkdplyc- dcytvcfpyc- dbh u`hoophbbh uvkdpl km`n lkhypj`h ybjubcl`ubdb fbocbh blncv dbvc uvkdpl t`vy`fpt sbctp u`jfpbhobh .mcjfbn sbho

dcnbycmlbh#(

Tpapbh dbybv dbvc u`hoplpvbh lch`vab OYIJ bdbmbn u`mbukvbh `lyt`vhbm-

u`ho`hdbmcbh cht`vhbm- dbh bhbmcycy cht`vhbm .j`jbnbjc fcyhcy sbho m`fcn fbcl dbh

u`vfbclbh t`vpy*j`h`vpy#( Nbm t`vy`fpt j`vpublbh nbm j`hdbybv dbmbj j`hd`ybch

l`vbholb l`vab u`hoplpvbh lch`vab OYIJ( U`hoplpvbh lch`vab OYIJ m`fcn

j`h`lbhlbh byu`l `lkmkoc dbh `lkhkjc y`fbobc ycyt`j jbhba`j`h mcholphobh(



OYIJ f`vtpapbh phtpl j`jfbtbyc mcjfbn sbho dcnbycmlbh dbmbj ycyt`j chdpytvc

y`nchoob dbubt j`hon`jbt `h`voc dbh j`hiòbn u`jfpbhobh fbnbh f`vfbnbsb

l` mcholphobh( D`ybch u`hoplpvbh lch`vab OYIJ nbvpy dcjpmbc d`hobh

j`hd`gchcyclbh tpapbh ycyt`j vbhtbc ubykl yìbvb l`y`mpvpnbh( U`hoplpvbh lch`vab

OYIJ nbvpy y`ypbc d`hobh uvchycu ycyt`j jbhba`j`h mcholphobh- yù`vtc CYK

24555 .Y`tcbbh dll- 6522#(

J`hpvpt MJC .6559#- lkhyù dbvc Ov``h Ypuums Inbch Ku`vbtckhy

V`g`v`hi` .OYIKV# iplpu y`d`vnbhb lbv`hb j`vpublbh jkdcgclbyc dbvc jkd`m

Ypuums Inbch Ku`vbtckhy V`g`v`hi` .YIKV# dbh jbhba`j`h vbhtbc ubyklbh sbho

dcfbhoph d`hobh j`jbypllbh phypv*phypv ycyt`j jbhba`j`h mcholphobh(

Tpapbhhsb bdbmbn phtpl j`hicutblbh ypbtp bmbt bhbmcycy sbho j`jf`vclbh

objfbvbh t`htbho npfphobh bhtbvb gphoyc vbhtbc ubyklbh d`hobh byu`l

mcholphobh bobv t`vicutb u`hcholbtbh lch`vab jbhba`j`h dcbhtbvb l`dpbhsb(

Y`fbobc dbybv phtpl j`jfbhoph OYIJ jblb dcophblbhmbn u`hd`lbtbh YIKV-

sbho lchc bmbt u`hoplpvbhhsb dcy`fpt d`hobh OYIKV( L`phtphobh dbmbj

j`hoophblbh u`hd`lbtbh OYIJ- bhtbvb mbch bdbmbn .2# j`hcholbtlbh lch`vab

jbhba`j`h mcholphobh- .6# j`hcholbtlbh lch`vab jbhba`j`h vbhtbc ubyklbhdbh

.9# j`hcholbtlbh chcycbtcg t`vnbdbu OYIJ( Objfbv ytvpltpv jkd`m OYIKV dbubt

dcmcnbt ubdb Objfbv 9(



Objfbv 9( Ytvpltpv jkd`m OYIKV .MJC- 6559#

6(0( Bhbmstcibm Nc`vbvins Uvki`yy

Bhbmstcibm Nc`vbvins Uvki`yy .BNU# dcl`jfbholbh km`n Dv( Tnkjby M(

Ybbts dbvc _nbvtkh Yinkkm kg Fpych`yy ubdb tbnph 23?5*bh phtpl j`hokvobhcycv

chgkvjbyc dbh u`hdbubt bnmc dbmbj j`jcmcn bmt`vhbtcg sbho ubmcho dcyplbc .Ybbts

23>9 dbmbj Jbvcjch dbh Jbongcvkn- 6525#( Ypbtp u`vykbmbh blbh dcy`m`ybclbh

d`hobh j`hoophblbh BNU dbmbj ypbtp l`vbholb u`jclcvbh sbho t`vkvobhcycv-

y`nchoob dbubt dc`lyuv`yclbh phtpl j`hobjfcm lùptpybh sbho `g`ltcg btby

u`vykbmbh t`vy`fpt( U`vykbmbh sbho lkjum`ly dbubt dcy`d`vnbhblbh dbh dcu`viùbt

uvky`y u`hobjfcmbh lùptpybhhsb .Jbvcjch dbh Jbongcvkn- 6525#(

Ybbts .2332# j`hsbtblbh fbnb t`vdbubt tcob uvchycu dc dbmbj j`tkd`

BNU- sbctp1

2( U`hspyphbh ncvbvlc- sbctp j`hopvbclbh u`vjbybmbnbh sbho lkjum`ly j`habdc

`m`j`h uklklhsb(

6( U`h`htpbh uvckvctby- sbctp j`h`htplbh u`vcholbt `m`j`h*`m`j`h j`hpvpt

lù`htchobhhsb(

9( Lkhycyt`hyc mkocy- sbctp j`habjch fbnb y`jpb `m`j`h dcl`mkjukllbh dbh

dcu`vcholbtlbh yìbvb mkocy(



BNU dbubt dct`vbulbh phtpl j`jìbnlbh jbybmbn*jbybmbn sbho t`vplpv

jbpuph sbho j`j`vmplbh ypbtp u`hdbubt( U`hoophbbh u`hdbubt dbmbj

j`jìbnlbh jbybmbn dcmblplbh d`hobh j`jfbhdcholbh `m`j`h*`m`j`h yìbvb

f`vubybhobh . ubcvcy` ikjubvcykh#( U`hcmbcbh dcmblplbh d`hobh ibvb j`jf`vclbh

fkfkt dbh j`jfbhdcholbh bhtbvb ybtp `m`j`h d`hobh `m`j`h mbch f`vdbybvlbh

ylbmb lkjubvbyc sbho t`mbn dct`tbulbh( Tbnbu f`vclpthsb bdbmbn j`mblplbh

ycht`ycy t`vnbdbu nbycm u`hcmbcbh sbho dcmblplbh phtpl j`h`htplbh `m`j`h jbhb

sbho j`jcmclc uvckvctby t`vtchooc dbh t`v`hdbn( Ylbmb fbhdcho yìbvb f`vubybhobh

dbubt dcmcnbt ubdb Tbf`m 2(

Tbf`m 2( Ylbmb u`vfbhdchobh f`vubybhobh

Cht`hyctby U`htchohsb D`gchcyc

2 Ybjb U`htcho

9 Y`dclct M`fcn U`htcho

0 Ybhobt U`htcho

? A`mby M`fcn U`htcho

3 Jptmbl M`fcn U`htcho

6- 4- 7- >Hcmbc*hcmbc bhtbvb dc bhtbvb dpb

u`vtcjfbhobh sbho f`vd`lbtbh

Ypjf`v1 Ybbts .2332#

BNU j`hopvbclbh ycyt`j sbho lkjum`l j`habdc `m`j`h*`m`j`h sbho

m`fcn y`d`vnbhb( J`hpvpt G`cdbvtk .2337#- ncvbvlc j`vpublbh bfytvblyc ytvpltpv

ypbtp ycyt`j dcjbhb gphoyc ncvbvlc bhtbv lkjukh`h dbh dbjubl*dbjublhsb ubdb

ycyt`j yìbvb l`y`mpvpnbh dbubt dcu`mbabvc( Bfytvblyc j`juphsbc f`htpl sbho

ybmcho f`vlbctbh sbho j`hoobjfbvlbh ycyt`j yìbvb l`y`mpvpnbh(

L`phtphobh dbvc u`h`vbubh ncvbvlc j`hpvpt G`cdbvtk .2337# bdbmbn1

2( Ncvbvlc dbubt dcophblbh phtpl j`ha`mbylbh fbobcjbhb u`vpfbnbh*u`vpfbnbh

uvckvctby ubdb m`w`m sbho m`fcn tchooc dbubt j`ju`hobvpnc uvckvctby ubdb m`w`m

fbbnhsb(

6( Ncvbvlc j`jf`vclbh chgkvjbyc sbho m`holbu j`ho`hbc ytvpltpv dbh gphoyc

ypbtp ycyt`j ubdb m`w`m sbho m`fcn v`hdbn dbh j`jf`vclbh objfbvbh

j`ho`hbc bltkv dbh tpapbh ubdb m`w`m sbho m`fcn tchooc(

9( Ycyt`j blbh j`habdc m`fcn `gcyc`h aclb dcypyph dbmbj f`htpl ncvbvlc

dcfbhdcholbh dbmbj f`htpl mbch(



4( Ncvbvlc f`vycgbt ytbfcm dbh gm`lycf`m( Ytbfcm dbmbj bvtc fbnb u`vpfbnbh sbho

lìcm j`juphsbc `g`l sbho lìcm dbh gm`lycf`m dbmbj bvtc u`hbjfbnbh `m`j`h

ubdb ytvpltpv sbho t`mbn t`vypyph fbcl tcdbl blbh j`hoobhoop lch`vabhsb(

6(7( U`h`mctcbh T`vdbnpmp

Byvcm .6553#- j`mblplbh u`h`mctcbh d`hobh apdpm ”Bhbmcycy Lkhdcyc dbh

D`ybch Chdclbtkv Lch`vab Vbhtbc Ubyklbh Fvklkmc . Fvbyycib Km`vì`b# dc Y`htvb

Nkvtclpmtpvb Icubhby ’ Icbhapv- Abb Fbvbt‚( U`h`mctcbh t`vy`fpt f`vtpapbh phtpl

j`hobhbmcycy lkhdcyc vbhtbc ubyklbh fvklkmc- j`hobhbmcycy hcmbc tbjfbn vbhtbc

ubyklbh fvklkmc- dbh j`vbhibho chdclbtkv lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh fvklkmc( Bmbt

bhbmcycy sbho dcophblbh dbmbj u`h`mctcbh t`vy`fpt sbctp bhbmcycy d`ylvcutcg- j`tkd`

Nbsbjc- Ypuums Inbch Ku`vbtckhy V`g`v`hi` .YIKV#- dbh Bhbmstncibm Nc`vbvins

Uvki`yy .BNU#( D`ybch chdclbtkv lch`vab dcfbhoph d`hobh jkd`m YIKV- t`vdcvc

dbvc tcholbt 2 sbctp uvky`y fcyhcy sbho t`vdcvc dbvc u`v`hibhbbh- u`hobdbbh-

fpdcdbsb- u`hokmbnbh- dbh u`hocvcjbh( Tcholbt 6 sbctp ubvbj`t`v lch`vab chdpytvc

ybspvbh sbho t`vdcvc dbvc hcmbc tbjfbn- lpbmctby- dbh v`yclk( Tcholbt 9 sbctp btvcfpt

lch`vab sbho t`vdcvc dbvc v`mcbfcmcts- v`yukhycw`h`yy- gm`~cfcmcts+rpbmcts- fcbsb- dbh

byy`t ( Tcholbt 4 sbctp chdclbtkv lch`vab sbho t`vdcvc dbvc lch`vab u`hocvcjbh-

u`j`hpnbh u`ybhbh y`jupvhb- yclmpy u`j`hpnbh u`ybhbh- m`bd tcj` u`j`hpnbh

u`ybhbh- gm`lycfcmctby u`j`hpnbh u`ybhbh- l`y`ypbcbh ytbhdbv jptp- fcbsb

tvbhyukvtbyc kutcjbm- ibyn tk ibyn isim`- dbh chw`htkvs dbsy kg ypuums( Y`dbholbh

f`vdbybvlbh u`honctphboh BNU- chdclbtkv sbho j`habdc ucmcnbh f`vdbybvlbh

btvcfpt lch`vab bdbmbn l`y`ypbcbh ytbhdbv jptp- lch`vab u`hocvcjbh- fcbsb

tvbhyukvtbyc kutcjbm- ibyn tk ibyn isim` tcj`- dbh m`bd tcj` u`j`hpnbh u`ybhbh(

Jpmsbtc dll .6553# j`mblplbh u`h`mctcbh d`hobh apdpm ”Vbhibho Fbhoph

Ycyt`j Jbhba`j`h Vbhtbc Ubyklbh Dbh Vcyclk Jchsbl Blbv _bhoc F`vfbycy

CLJ Dc Chdkh`ycb‚( Tpapbh lnpypy dbvc u`h`mctcbh t`vy`fpt dcfboc j`habdc tcob

tbnbubh f`vdbybvlbh tbnph u`h`mctcbh( Tpapbh tbnph u`vtbjb bdbmbn 2# j`holbac

ukt`hyc u`ho`jfbhobh jchsbl btycvc pjpjhsb dbh jchsbl blbv bhoc

lnpypyhsb- 6# j`hobhbmcycy vbhtbc ubyklbh dbh vcyclk jchsbl blbv bhocdbh

j`hobhbmcycy l`lpbtbh- l`m`jbnbh- u`mpbho- dbh bhibjbh CLJ jchsbl blbv

bhoc dc Chdkh`ycb( Chdkh`ycb t`vibtbt y`fbobc hòbvb `lyukvtcv t`vf`ybv phtpl

lkjkdctc jchsbl blbv bhoc( Jchsbl blbv bhoc Chdkh`ycb j`jcmclc l`phoopmbh



lkjubvbtcg ubmcho fbcl dcfbhdcholbh h`obvb mbchhsb( Y`htvb uvkdplyc blbv bhoc

dc Chdkh`ycb f`vbdb dc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt- Abb Fbvbt sbho jbjup j`ho`lyukv

nbjucv 35 u`vy`h jchsbl blbv bhoc( Ubvb u`tbhc dbh u`hspmcho jchsbl blbv

bhoc t`vy`fbv dc `jubt l`ibjbtbh sbctp Ybjbvbho- Fbskhofkho- Icmbp- dbh

M`m`y( Bhooktb uvcj`v vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc t`vdcvc dbvc u`tbhc blbv

bhoc y`fbobc u`jbykl fbnbh fblp- u`hopjupm blbv bhoc- u`hspmcho blbv

bhoc- u`hopjupm jchsbl blbv bhocdbh `lyukvtcv jchsbl blbv bhoc(



CCC( J@TKD@ U@H@MCTCBH

9(2( L`vbholb U`jclcvbh U`h`mctcbh

Jchsbl blbv bhoc btbp dbmbj dphcb u`vdbobhobh fcbyb dcy`fpt d`hobh

abwb w`tcw`v kcm j`vpublbh ybmbn ybtp lkjkdctc nbycm u`vl`fphbh sbho ybhobt

ukt`hycbm dcl`jfbholbh dc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt( Chdpytvc jchsbl blbv bhoc

Lbfpubt`h Obvpt t`vy`fbv dc mcjb lìbjbtbh- sbctp Lìbjbtbh Ybjbvbho-

Fbskhofkho- Icmbp- M`m`y- dbh jpmcb dcl`jfbholbh dc Lìbjbtbh Ubycvbhoc(

Bdbhsb u`vjchtbbh jchsbl blbv bhoc dphcb sbho t`vpy j`hcholbt y`f`ybv 605*

955 tkh- j`honbvpylbh ubvb u`mblp pybnb jchsbl blbv bhoc phtpl

j`hcholbtlbh lpbmctby dbh lpbhtctby jchsbl blbv bhoc( Lkhypj`h sbho

j`vpublbh u`hopjupm jchsbl blbv bhoc btbpuph `lyukvtcv j`hochochlbh

jchsbl blbv bhoc sbho f`vlpbmctby uv`jcpj- sbctp jchsbl blbv bhoc sbho

j`hpvpt ytbhdbv hbyckhbm j`juphsbc lpbmctby sbho fbopy- a`vhcn- tcdbl bdb

ibjupvbh fbnbh mbch dbh f`vbvhb lphcho jpdb ybjubc iklmbt l`j`vbnbh(

U`h`vbubh jbhba`j`h vbhtbc ubyklbh dbmbj chdpytvc jchsbl blbv bhoc

f`vtpapbh bobv jchsbl blbv bhoc sbho dcnbycmlbh dbubt dcdcytvcfpyclbh d`hobh

lpbhtctby- lpbmctby- t`jubt- dbh bltp sbho tùbt( Bhooktb vbhtbc ubykl jchsbl

blbv bhoc .u`tbhc blbv bhoc- u`hopjupm blbv bhoc- u`hspmcho blbv bhoc-

u`hopjupm jchsbl blbv bhocdbh `lyukvtcv# nbvpy m`fcn uvkbltcg dbmbj

j`v`yukh u`pfbnbh nbvob dbh u`vjchtbbh jchsbl blbv bhoc(

Lkhdcyc vbhtbc ubyklbh sbho fbcl ybhobt dct`htplbh km`n lch`vab vbhtbc

ubyklbhhsb( U`hoplpvbh lch`vab dbmbj jbhba`j`h vbhtbc ubyklbh j`mcfbtlbh

y`jpb ucnbl sbho t`vlbct dbmbj y`tcbu jbtb vbhtbc ubyklbh- sbctp dbvc u`jbykl

nchoob lkhypj`h( Y`mbjb chc u`hoplpvbh lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh tcdbl u`vhbn

j`ju`vnbtclbh byu`l mcholphobh( U`hi`jbvbh mcholphobh sbho dcblcfbtlbh

chdpytvc jchsbl blbv bhoc dbubt f`vbybm dbvc mcjfbn ibcv- mcjfbn ubdbt- dbh

mcjfbn pdbvb( U`h`mctcbh chc blbh j`jfbnby t`htbho u`hoplpvbh lch`vab

j`hoophblbh u`hd`lbtbh Ov``h Ypuums Inbch Ku`vbtckhy V`g`v`hi` .OYIKV#

sbho j`hobip ubdb Ov``h Ypuums Inbch Jbhbo`j`ht .OYIJ# d`hobh

j`hbjfbnlbh byu`l jbhba`j`h mcholphobh(



Gbltkv*gbltkv sbho dbubt j`hcholbtlbh lpbmctby jchsbl blbv bhoc

fplbh nbhsb dbvc lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbhhsb( Gbltkv t`vy`fpt apob nbvpy dcdplpho

km`n lch`vab byu`l mcholphobh sbho fbcl( Ybmbn ybtphsb bdbmbn d`hobh

j`hoophblbh u`hd`lbtbh OYIKV y`fbobc chdclbtkv u`hoplpv lch`vabhsb(

U`hoplpvbh lch`vab d`hobh u`hd`lbtbh OYIKV blbh j`honbycmlbh d`ybch

u`hoplpvbh lch`vab dbh chdclbtkv lch`vab uvckvctby vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv

bhoc( Y`t`mbn dcl`tbnpc chdclbtkv uvckvctby dbvc u`hoplpvbh lch vab t`vy`fpt-

u`vjbybmbnbh blbh dc`wbmpbyc dbh nbycmhsb dcybvbhlbh l`ubdb ubvb u`mblp pybnb

jchsbl blbv bhoc bobv lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc dbubt m`fcn

fbcl( L`vbholb u`jclcvbh u`h`mctcbh dbubt dcmcnbt ubdb Objfbv 4(

Objfbv 4( L`vbholb u`jclcvbh u`h`mctcbh

U`vjchtbbh jchsbl blbv bhoc j`hcholbt

U`hcholbtbh lpbhtctby dbh lpbmctby jchsbl blbv bhoc

D`ybch u`hoplpvbh lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh

Jbhba`j`h vbhtbc ubyklbh sbho j`ju`vnbtclbh byu`l

mcholphobh

U`hoplpvbh lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh d`hobh

j`hoophblbh u`hd`lbtbh OYIKV

Nbycm u`hoplpvbh j`habdc wbmpbyc dbh ykmpyc fboc

ubvb u`mblp chdpytvc jchsbl blbv bhoc dbmbj

j`hokutcjbmlbh lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh

Bdbhsb u`hi`jbvbh mcholphobh sbho f`vbybm dbvc

chdpytvc jchsbl blbv bhoc f`vpub mcjfbn ibcv-

mcjfbn ubdbt- dbh mcjfbn pdbvb(



9(6( Tbnbubh U`h`mctcbh

U`h`mctcbh chc t`vdcvc dbvc f`f`vbub tbnbubh sbho dcjpmbc dbvc tbnbu ytpdc

upytblb sbho f`vlbctbh d`hobh tkucl u`h`mctcbh ybjubc dcdbubtlbhhsb l`ycjupmbh

u`h`mctcbh( U`h`mctcbh chc t`vfboc btby tcob tbnbu- sbctp1

2( Tbnbu u`vtbjb

Tbnbu u`vtbjb bdbmbn tbnbu uvb u`h`mctcbh sbho dcbbmc d`hobh ytpdc

upytblb phtpl j`hdplpho dbh j`hbjfbn u`ho`tbnpbh t`htbho byu`l

lbacbh sbho blbh dct`mctc( Y`mbhapthsb- dcmblplbh u`hspyphbh uvkukybm

u`h`mctcbh sbho j`hiblpu u`jcmcnbh apdpm u`h`mctcbh- u`vpjpybh jbybmbn

dbh tpapbh u`h`mctcbh- j`jfpbt vbhibhobh u`hopjupmbh dbtb f`vpub

cd`htcgclbyc dbtb sbho dcfptpnlbh- j`tkd` u`hopjupmbh dbtb- dbh

u`jcmcnbh t`lhcl bhbmcycy dbtb- y`vtb j`hspyph vbhibhobh ytvpltpv ncvbvlc

u`jcmcnbh chdclbtkv lch`vab(

6( Tbnbu l`dpb

Tbnbubh l`dpb bdbmbn u`hopjupmbh dbtb- chupt dbtb- u`hokmbnbh dbtb- dbh

bhbmcycy dbtb( U`hopjupmbh dbtb dcu`vkm`n dbvc dbtb uvcj`v sbho dcmblplbh

d`hobh ibvb kfy`vwbyc- bbhibvb- dbh u`hocycbh lp`yckh`v( Dbtb

y`lphd`v dcdbubt dbvc ytpdc upytblb- cht`vh`t - apvhbm- dklpj`h*dklpj`h

dbvc Dchby U`vl`fphbh dbh Dchby U`vchdpytvcbh U`vdbobhobh dbh

U`vlku`vbycbh Lbfpubt`h Obvpt- y`vtb nbycm u`h`mctcbh t`vdbnpmp(

U`hokmbnbh dbtb dcmblplbh d`hobh j`hoophblbh ykgtbv` Ytbtcytcibm

Ubilbo` gkv tn` Ykicbm Yic`hi`y .YUYY# w`vyc 27(5 dbh Jcivkykgt @~i`m

655?( Bhbmcycy dbtb dcmblplbh d`hobh j`hoophblbh bhbmcycy d`ylvcutcg

phtpl j`hocd`htcgclbyc vbhtbc ubyklbh y`vtb j`hoophblbh u`hd`lbtbh

OYIKV dbh j`tkd` BNU phtpl j`vbhibho tcholbt l`u`htchobh dbvc

lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc(

9( Tbnbu l`tcob

Tbnbu l`tcob bdbmbn tbnbu blncv sbctp u`jfpbtbh u`jfbnbybh nbycm

u`h`mctcbh dbh l`ycjupmbh dbvc l`y`mpvpnbh uvky`y u`h`mctcbh chc(

Tbnbubh*tbnbubh u`h`mctcbh dbubt dcmcnbt ubdb Objfbv 0(



Tbnbu U`vtbjb

Tbnbu L`dpb

Tbnbu L`tcob

Objfbv 0( Tbnbubh u`h`mctcbh

U`vpjpybh Jbybmbn 1

2( Fbobcjbhb lkhdcyc vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc dc Lbfpubt h Obvpt;

6( Fbobcjbhb d ybch u`hoplpvbh lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc dc Lbfpubt h Obvpt;

Tpapbh U`h`mctcbh 1

2( J`hobhbmcycy lkhdcyc vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc dc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt(

6( J`vbhibho d ybch u`hoplpvbh lch vab vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc dc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt

Ytpdc Upytblb

U`h`htpbh Apdpm U`h`mctcbh 1

Vbhibhobh U`hoplpvbh Lch`vab Vbhtbc Ubyklbh Jchsbl Blbv _bhoc dc Lbfpubt`h

Obvpt d`hobh U`hd`lbtbh Ov``h Ypuums Inbch Ku`vbtckhy V`g`v`hi`

Vbhibhobh U`hopjupmbh Dbtb 1

Cd`htcgclbyc l`fptpnbh dbtb- u`hopjupmbh dbtb- u`jcmcnbh bmbt bhbmcycy-

vbhibhobh ytvpltpv ncvbvlc u`jcmcnbh chdclbtkv lch`vab

U`hopjupmbh Dbtb 1

2( Dbtb Uvcj`v 1 Kfy vwbyc- bbhibvb- lp yckh`v

6( Dbtb y`lphd`v 1 ytpdc upytblb- cht`vh`t - apvhbm- dklpj`h*dklpj`h dbvc Dchby U`vl`fphbh dbh Dchby

U`vchdpytvcbh U`vdbobhobh dbh Lku`vbyc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt- y`vtb nbycm u`h`mctcbh t`vdbnpmp

Chupt Dbtb

U`hokmbnbh dbh Bhbmcycy Dbtb 1

2( Lkhdcyc Vbhtbc Ubyklbh 1 Bhbmcycy d`ylvcutcg 6( Vbhibhobh U`hoplpvbh Lch`vab Vbhtbc Ubyklbh 1

U`hd`lbtbh OYIKV dbh j`tkd` BNU

Nbycm dbh U`jfbnbybh

L`ycjupmbh dbh Ybvbh



9(9( Mklbyc dbh _bltp U`h`mctcbh

U`h`mctcbh dcmblybhblbh dc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt- Abb Fbvbt( Mklbyc u`h`mctcbh

dc gklpylbh ubdb db`vbn y`htvb chdpytvc jchsbl blbv bhoc dc Obvpt- sbctp dc

Lìbjbtbh Ybjbvbho- Lìbjbtbh Fbskhofkho- Lìbjbtbh Icmbp- dbh

Lìbjbtbh M`m`y( _bltp u`h`mctcbh dcmblybhblbh ubdb fpmbh Jbv`t ’ Apmc 6522(

9(4( A`hcy dbh J`tkd` U`hopjupmbh Dbtb

Dbtb sbho dcophblbh dbmbj u`h`mctcbh chc f`vpub dbtb uvcj`v dbh dbtb

y`lphd`v( Dbtb uvcj`v bdbmbn dbtb sbho dclpjupmlbh y`hdcvc km`n u`h`mctc

mbhoypho dbvc ypjf`v u`vtbjb( Dbtb uvcj`v dcu`vkm`n dbvc u`hobjbtbh mbhoypho

dc mbubhobh- u`hocycbh lp`yckh`v- dbh bbhibvb d`hobh bhooktb vbhtbc ubyklbh

jchsbl blbv bhoc .u`tbhc blbv bhoc- u`hopjupm blbv bhoc- u`hspmcho blbv

hboc- u`hopjupm jchsbl blbv bhoc#- ucnbl dbvc Dchby U`vl`fphbh dbh Dchby

U`vchdpytvcbh U`vdbobhobh dbh U`vlku`vbycbh Lbfpubt`h Obvpt( Dbtb y`lphd`v

dcu`vkm`n dbvc ytpdc upytblb- cht`vh`t - apvhbm- dklpj`h*dklpj`h dbvc Dchby

U`vl`fphbh dbh Dchby U`vchdpytvcbh U`vdbobhobh dbh U`vlku`vbycbh Lbfpubt`h

Obvpt- y`vtb nbycm u`h`mctcbh t`vdbnpmp( A`hcy- j`tkd` u`hopjupmbh- dbh ypjf`v

dbtb yìbvb vchic dbubt dcmcnbt ubdb Tbf`m 6(J`tkd` u`hopjupmbh dbtb sbho dcophblbh dbmbj u`h`mctcbh chc bdbmbn1

2( Kfy`vwbyc sbctp u`hobjbtbh mbhoypho kfs`l u`h`mctcbh d`hobh tpapbh phtpl

j`jbnbjc lkhdcyc vbhtbc ubyklbh sbho y`f`hbvhsb( Kfy`vwbyc dcmblplbh

phtpl j`hocd`htcgclbyc bhooktb vbhtbc ubyklbh dbh lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh

jchsbl blbv bhoc( Kfy`vwbyc dcmblplbh d`hobh u`hobjbtbh mbhoypho l`

mklbyc u`hbhbjbh blbv bhoc dbh l` mklbyc u`hspmchobh phtpl j`ho`tbnpc

uvky`y uvkdplyc jchsbl blbv bhoc(

6( _bbhibvb dcmblplbh lùbdb u`tbhc blbv bhoc- u`hopjupm blbv bhoc(

u`hspmcho blbv bhoc- u`hopjupm jchsbl blbv bhoc- Dchby U`vl`fphbh-

Dchby U`vchdpytvcbh- U`vdbobhobh- dbh Lku`vbyc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt- dbh

blbd`jcyc( _bbhibvb dcmblplbh phtpl j`ho`tbnpc lkhdcyc vbhtbc ubyklbh

dbh lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc(

9( Lp`yckh`v f`vcyc dbgtbv u`vtbhsbbh sbho dctpaplbh lùbdb ucnbl*ucnbl t`vlbct

d`hobh tkucl u`h`mctcbh- sbctp lùbdb u`tbhc blbv bhoc- u`hopjupm blbv



bhoc( u`hspmcho blbv bhoc- u`hopjupm jchsbl blbv bhoc- Dchby

U`vl`fphbh- Dchby U`vchdpytvcbh- U`vdbobhobh- dbh Lku`vbyc Lbfpubt`h

Obvpt- dbh blbd`jcyc( Lp`yckh`v dcfboc j`habdc dpb a`hcy sbctp c# lp`yckh`v

phtpl j`ho`tbnpc cd`htcgclbyc vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc dbh cc#

lp`yckh`v vbhibhobh u`hoplpvbh lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc

d`hobh u`hd`lbtbh OYIKV j`hoophblbh j`tkd` BNU(

c# Lp`yckh`v Cd`htcgclbyc Vbhtbc Ubyklbh

Lp`yckh`v phtpl u`tbhc f`vcyc dbgtbv u`vtbhsbbh j`ho`hbc cd`htctby pybnb-

byu`l fpdcdbsb dbh ubyib ubh`h- byu`l u`jbybvbh- byu`l l`pbhobh- dbh

byu`l l`jctvbbh(

Cd`htctby pybnb u`tbhc f`vtpapbh phtpl j`hocd`htcgclbyc lbvblt`vcytcl dbvc

u`tbhc sbctp ytbtpy pybnb u`tbhc- lòcbtbh u`tbhc- apjmbn uvkdplyc-

lù`jcmclbh mbnbh- dbh bbm jpmbc pybnb f`vtbhc blbv bhoc( Byu`l

fpdcdbsb dbh ubyib ubh`h f`vcyc dbgtbv u`vtbhsbbh j`ho`hbc ukmb tbhbj

blbv bhoc- uvky`y fpdcdbsb blbv bhoc sbho y`ypbc Okkd Bovcipmtpvbm

Uvki`yy .OBU# dbvc u`jfcfctbh ybjubc ubh`h- jbyb tbhbj- l`fptpnbh

chupt u`vtbhcbh dbh u`jbykl- u`vjbybmbnbh dbh l`hdbmb fpdcdbsb blbv

bhoc y`vtb ykmpyc sbho dct`vbulbh(

Byu`l u`jbybvbh ubdb u`tbhc blbv bhoc f`vcyc u`vtbhsbbh j`ho`hbc ibvb

u`hapbmbh- l`vabybjb u`hapbmbh sbho dcmblplbh- cmbsbn u`hapbmbh- nbvob

apbm- j`lbhcyj` u`jfbsbvbh- dbh u`vjbybmbnbh y`vtb ykmpychsb( Byu`l

l`pbhobh f`vtpapbh phtpl j`ho`tbnpc u`vjkdbmbh dbmbj fpdcdbsb blbv

bhoc- chw`ytbyc sbho dcfptpnlbh- dbh jbybmbn u`vjkdbmbh sbho dcnbdbuc

y`vtb ykmpychsb( Byu`l l`jctvbbh f`vtpapbh phtpl j`ho`tbnpc f`htpl

l`jctvbbh dbh ucnbl*ucnbl sbho j`habdc jctvb pybnb u`tbhc(Lp`yckh`v phtpl u`hspmcho f`vcyc u`vtbhsbbh j`ho`hbc cd`htctby pybnb-

byu`l u`hspmchobh blbv bhoc- byu`l u`jbybvbh- byu`l l`pbhobh- dbh

byu`l l`jctvbbh( Cd`htctby pybnb u`hspmcho f`vtpapbh phtpl

j`hocd`htcgclbyc lbvblt`vcytcl dbvc u`hspmcho sbctp ytbtpy dbh f`htpl pybnb

u`hspmcho- lòcbtbh u`hspmcho- apjmbn uvkdplyc jchsbl blbv bhocdbh

bbm jpmbc pybnb u`hspmchobh blbv bhoc( Byu`l u`hspmchobh blbv bhoc

f`vcyc dbgtbv u`vtbhsbbh j`ho`hbc lbvblt`vcytcl chupt u`hspmchobh blbv



bhoc- uvky`y u`hspmchobh blbv bhocdbh kptupt sbho dcnbycmlbh( A`hcy

l`hdbmb dbh u`vjbybmbnbh y`mbjb uvky`y u`hspmchobh blbv bhoc y`vtb

ykmpyc sbho dct`vbulbh(

Byu`l u`jbybvbh ubdb u`hspmcho f`vcyc u`vtbhsbbh j`ho`hbc ibvb

u`hapbmbh jchsbl blbv bhoc- l`vabybjb u`hapbmbh sbho dcmblplbh-

cmbsbn u`hapbmbh jchsbl blbv bhoc- nbvob apbm jchsbl blbv bhoc-

j`lbhcyj` u`jfbsbvbh- dbh u`vjbybmbnbh y`vtb ykmpychsb( Byu`l

l`pbhobh f`vtpapbh phtpl j`ho`tbnpc u`vjkdbmbh dbmbj uvky`y

u`hspmchobh blbv bhoc- chw`ytbyc sbho dcfptpnlbh- dbh jbybmbn

u`vjkdbmbh sbho dcnbdbuc y`vtb ykmpychsb( Byu`l l`jctvbbh f`vtpapbh

phtpl j`ho`tbnpc f`htpl l`jctvbbh dbh ucnbl*ucnbl sbho j`habdc jctvb

pybnb u`hspmcho(

Lp`yckh`v phtpl u`hopjupm blbv bhoc dbh u`hopjupm jchsbl blbv

bhoc f`vcyc obvcy f`ybv u`vtbhsbbh sbho ybjb sbctp cd`htctby pybnb- byu`l

u`jbybvbh- byu`l l`pbhobh- dbh byu`l l`jctvbbh( Cd`tctby pybnb phtpl

u`hopjupm blbv bhoc+jchsbl blbv bhoc f`vcycy u`vtbhsbbh j`ho`hbc

lbvblt`vcytcl u`hopjupm blbv bhoc+ jchsbl blbv bhoc- ytbtpy pybnb-

f`htpl pybnb- ycyt`j u`j`ybhbh- j`lbhcyj` u`jfbsbvbh- dbh

u`vjbybmbnbh y`vtb ykmpychsb( Byu`l U`jbybvbh f`vcyc u`vtbhsbbh

j`ho`hbc ibvb u`hapbmbh blbv bhoc+jchsbl blbv bhoc- l`vabybjb

u`hapbmbh sbho dcmblplbh- cmbsbn u`hapbmbh blbv bhoc+jchsbl blbv

bhoc- nbvob apbm blbv bhoc+jchsbl blbv bhocdbh u`vjbybmbnbh y`vtb

ykmpychsb(

Byu`l l`pbhobh f`vtpapbh phtpl j`ho`tbnpc u`vjkdbmbh dbmbj uvky`y

u`hopjupmbh blbv bhoc+jchsbl blbv bhoc- chw`ytbyc sbho dcfptpnlbh-dbh jbybmbn u`vjkdbmbh sbho dcnbdbuc y`vtb ykmpychsb( Byu`l l`jctvbbh

f`vtpapbh phtpl j`ho`tbnpc f`htpl l`jctvbbh dbh ucnbl*ucnbl sbho

j`habdc jctvb pybnb u`hopjupm blbv bhoc+jchsbl blbv bhoc(



cc# Lp`yckh`v vbhibhobh u`hoplpvbh lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv

bhoc d`hobh u`hd`lbtbh OYIKV j`hoophblbh j`tkd` BNU

Lp`yckh`v BNU t`vdcvc dbvc u`vtbhsbbh*u`vtbhsbbh phtpl ublbv sbho

j`jfbhdcholbh bhtbvb uvky`y vbhtbc ubyklbh- btvcfpt lch`vab- dbh

chdclbtkv lch`vab f`vdbybvlbh u`hd`lbtbh OYIKV( Uvky`y vbhtbc ubykl

j`vpublbh uvky`y*uvky`y sbho bdb phtpl j`habmbhlbh chdpytvc jchsbl

blbv bhoc dc y`mpvpn jbtb vbhtbc( Lvct`vcb sbho dcophblbh dbmbj

u`hoplpvbh lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh dcy`fpt d`hohb btvcfpt lch`vab( Btvcfpt

lch`vab jbycho*jbycho j`jcmclc chdclbtkv lch`vab sbho dcd`gchcyclbh

t`vnbdbu tctcl bipbh .v`g`v`hi` ukcht # sbctp uvky`y vbhtbc ubykl .j`tvcl

m`w`m 2 OYIKV#(

A`hcy- j`tkd` u`hopjupmbh- dbh ypjf`v dbtb ubdb u`h`mctcbh chc dbubt

dcmcnbt ubdb Tbf`m 6(

Tbf`m 6( A`hcy- j`tkd` u`hopjupmbh- dbh ypjf`v dbtb

Hk Tpapbh U`h`mctcbh A`hcy Dbtb J`tkd`

U`hopjupmbh Dbtb

Ypjf`v Dbtb

2 J`hobhbmcycy lkhdcyc

vbhtbc ubyklbh

jchsbl blbv bhoc

Uvcj`v

Y`lphd`v

Ytpdc mct`vbtpv

Kfy`vwbyc

_bbhibvb

Lp`yckh`v

U`tbhc blbv bhoc

U`hopjupm blbv bhoc

U`hspmcho blbv bhoc

U`hopjupm jchsbl blbvbhoc

Dchby U`vl`fphbh

Dchby U`vchdpytvcbh-

U`vdbobhobh- dbh

Lku`vbyc

Fbnbh upytblb

U`h`mctcbh t`vdbnpmp

6 J`vbhibho d`ybch

u`hoplpvbh lch`vab

vbhtbc ubyklbh

jchsbl blbv bhoc

Uvcj`v _bbhibvb

Lp`yckh`v

U`tbhc blbv bhoc

U`hspmcho blbv bhoc

U`hopjupm jchsbl blbv

bhoc Dchby U`vl`fphbh

Dchby U`vchdpytvcbh-

U`vdbobhobh- dbh

U`vlku`vbycbh

Blbd`jcyc

9(0( T`lhcl U`hobjfcmbh Ybju`m

T`lhcl u`hobjfcmbh ybju`m phtpl cd`htcgclbyc vbhtbc ubyklbh dbmbj

u`h`mctcbh chc j`hoophblbh uvkfbfcmcts dbh hkh uvkfbfcmcts ybjumcho( T`lhcl



uvkfbfcmcts ybjumcho sbho dcophblbh bdbmbn ytvbtcgc`d vbhdkj ybjumcho(

Ytvbtcgc`d vbhdkj ybjumcho bdbmbn u`hobjfcmbh ybju`m d`hobh j`jfboc

ukupmbyc j`habdc ypfukupmbyc( Ytvbtcgc`d vbhdkj ybjumcho dcdbybvlbh ubdb

ukupmbyc sbctp u`mblp chdpytvc jchsbl blbv bhoc sbho t`vdcvc dbvc u`tbhc blbv

bhoc- u`hopjupm blbv bhoc( u`hspmcho blbv bhocdbh u`hopjupm jchsbl

blbv bhoc( Y`dbholbh hkh uvkfbfcmcts ybjumcho j`hoophblbh upvukycw`

ybjumcho dbh yhkfbmm ybjumcho( Upvukycw` ybjumcho bdbmbn u`hobjfcmbh ybju`m

sbho dcmblplbh d`hobh u`vtcjfbhobh t`vt`htp dbh lbv`hb u`h`mctcbh chc

j`juphsbc tpapbh t`vt`htp- sbctp j`hocd`htcgclbyc vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv

bhoc dc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt( Yhkfbmm ybjumcho bdbmbn t`lhcl u`hobjfcmbh ybju`m

sbho bbmhsb apjmbnhsb l`icm l`jpdcbh j`jf`ybv- dbvc v`yukhd`h u`vtbjb sbho

dct`jpc- y`mbhapthsb dcibvc mboc v`yukhd`h mbch sbho dcv`lkj`hdbyclbh dbvc

v`yukhd`h u`vtbjb(

Ybju`m dcucmcn dcy`ypbclbh d`hobh lvct`vcb bhtbvb mbch j`ju`vtcjfbholbh

mklbyc pybnb- ytbtpy pybnb- dbh l`f`vmbhaptbh pybnb ubvb u`mblp chdpytvc jchsbl

blbv bhoc( Apjmbn v`yukhd`h phtpl j`hocd`htcgclbyc vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv

bhoc dbubt dcmcnbt ubdb Tbf`m 9(

Tbf`m 9( Apjmbn v`yukhd`h phtpl j`hocd`htcgclbyc vbhtbc ubyklbh

Hk( L`ibjbtbh U`tbhc U`hspmcho U`hopjupm

Blbv

_bhoc

U`hopjupm

Jchsbl Blbv

_bhoc

2 Ybjbvbho 25 0 6 *

6 Fbskhofkho ? 4 2 2

9 Icmbp ? 6 * *

4 M`m`y 2 2 * *

0 Obvpt Lktb * * * 2

Tktbm 60 26 9 6

V`yukhd`h phtpl vbhibhobh u`hoplpvbh lch`vab bdbmbn dbvc ubvb ublbv

sbho j`ho`tbnpc chdpytvc jchsbl blbv bhoc( V`yukhd`h ublbv f`vapjmbn >

.d`mbubh# kvbho- t`vdcvc dbvc u`tbhc blbv bhoc- u`hspmcho blbv bhoc- u`hopjupm

blbv bhoc- ucnbl dbvc Dchby U`vchdpytvcbh- U`vdbobhobh dbh U`vlku`vbycbh- dpb



kvbho ublbv dbvc ucnbl dbvc Dchby U`vl`fphbh Lbfpubt`h Obvpt- dbh dpb kvbho

dbvc blbd`jcyc(

9(7( U`hokmbnbh dbh Bhbmcycy Dbtb

U`hokmbnbh dbtb dcmblplbh d`hobh j`hoophblbh ykgtbv` Ytbtcytcibm

Ubilbo` gkv tn` Ykicbm Yic`hi`y .YUYY# w`vyc 27(5 sbctp uvkovbj lkjupt`v sbho

dcublbc phtpl bhbmcyb dbtb ytbtcytclb dbh Jcivkykgt @~i`m 655?( Y`dbholbh bhbmcycy

dbtb sbho dcophblbh bdbmbn y`fbobc f`vclpt 1

2( Bhbmcycy d`ylvcutcg(

Bhbmcycy d`ylvcutcg j`vpublbh j`tkd` ytbtcytcl sbho dcophblbh phtpl

j`hoobjfbvlbh dbtb sbho t`mbn t`vlpjupm( Bhbmcycy dbtb yìbvb d`ylvcutcg

dcmblplbh phtpl j`hoobjfbvlbh lbvblt`vcytcl v`yukhd`h- dbh l`bdbbh pjpj

vbhtbc ubykl jchsbl blbv bhoc( Dbtb dcybaclbh dbmbj f`htpl inbvty(

6( D`ybch u`hoplpvbh lch`vab f`vdbybvlbh u`hd`lbtbh OYIKV

j`hoophblbh j`tkd` BNU(

Vbhibhobh u`hoplpvbh lch`vab dcfpbt f`vdbybvlbh jkd`m OYIKV d`hobh

j`hocd`htcgclbyc j`tvcl m`w`m 2 sbctp f`vpub uvky`y vbhtbc ubykl dbh

j`ju`vtcjfbholbh btvcfpt y`vtb chdclbtkv lch`vab sbho bdb ubdb OYIKV(

Y`mbhapthsb ytvpltpv ncvbvlc vbhibhobh u`hoplpvbh lch`vab dcfpbt d`hobh

u`vtcjfbhobh ublbv*ublbv sbho t`vmcfbt dbmbj bhooktb vbhtbc ubykl jchsbl

blbv bhoc sbctp u`tbhc- u`hspmcho- dbh u`hopjupm jchsbl blbv bhoc- y`vtb

ublbv dbvc Dchby U`vl`fphbh- Dchby U`vchdpytvcbh- U`vdbobhobh- dbh Lku`vbyc-

dbh blbd`jcyc( Nbycm dbvc d`ybch u`hoplpvbh t`vy`fpt- f`vf`htpl ytvpltpv

ncvbvlc u`jcmcnbh chdclbtkv lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc( Jkd`m

OYIKV j`jcmclc f`vfbobc dcj`hyc phtpl u`hoplpvbh lch`vab sbctp 1

b( V`mcbfcmctby Vbhtbc Ubyklbh

V`mcbfcmctby vbhtbc ubyklbh bdbmbn lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh dbmbj j`hocvcj

jchsbl blbv bhoc- l` t`jubt u`mbhoobh d`hobh bltp dbh lpbmctby sbho

tùbt y`ypbc u`ybhbh(

f( V`yukhycwctby Vbhtbc Ubyklbh

V`yukhycwctby vbhtbc ubyklbh bdbmbn v`yukh vbhtbc ubyklbh phtpl

j`hscbulbh jchsbl blbv bhoc sbho ycbu dclcvcj lùbdb u`mbhoobh(



i( Gm`lycfcmctby Vbhtbc Ubyklbh

Gm`lycfcmctby vbhtbc ubyklbh bdbmbn l`jbjupbh vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl

blbv bhoc dbmbj j`v`yukh u`vpfbnbh ubybv phtpl j`hdbubtlbh

l`phoopmbh lkju`tctcg(

d( Fcbsb Vbhtbc Ubyklbh

Fcbsb vbhtbc ubyklbh j`vpublbh fcbsb ku`vbyckhbm vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl

blbv bhoc(

`( Byy`t Vbhtbc Ubyklbh

Byy`t vbhtbc ubyklbh j`vpublbh l``g`ltcgbh chdpytvc jchsbl blbv bhoc

dbmbj j`hobtpv byy`thsb phtpl j`j`hpnc u`vjchtbbh( Byy`t dbmbj

chdpytvc jchsbl blbv bhoc sbctp u`vjkdbmbh bhtbvb mbch mbnbh blbv bhoc

dbh bmbt ypmcho(

g( Byu`l Mcholphobh

Dcj`hyc u`hoplpvbh lch`vab dbmbj u`h`mctcbh chc dctbjfbnlbh d`hobh

byu`l mcholphobh dclbv`hblbh j`hoophblbh u`hd`lbtbh YIKV sbho

f`vfbycyc ”ov``h‚( U`hd`lbtbh OYIKV dcophblbh phtpl j`vbhibho

u`hoplpvbh lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv hboc dclbv`hblbh y`mbjb

chc u`hoplpvbh lch`vab f`mpj j`ju`vnbtclbh byu`l mcholphobh(

Bhbmstncibm Nc`vbvins Uvki yy .BNU# j`vpublbh u`hd`lbtbh dbybv dbmbj

u`hobjfcmbh btbp j`jfpbt l`uptpybh( BNU bdbmbn ypbtp j`tkd` sbho

dcophblbh phtpl j`hcmbc tchdblbh sbho dclbctlbh d`hobh u`vfbhdchobh

f`f`vbub bmt`vhbtcg ucmcnbh( Wbmcdctby lp`yckh`v phtpl u`jcmcnbh chdclbtkv

lch`vab dcmcnbt j`mbmpc lkhycyt`hyc y`tcbu jbtvcly- fbcl chdcwcdp jbpuph

obfphobh y`vtb lkhgcvjbyc sbho dcmblplbh d`hobh ublbv( Bmbt bhbmcycy dbtb

sbho dcophblbh phtpl j`jfbhtp dbh j`ju`vjpdbn u`vnctphobh bdbmbnuvkovbj @~u`vt Inkci` 6555 dbh Jcivkykgt @~i`m 655?( Ytvpltpv ncvbvlc dbvc

u`jcmcnbh chdclbtkv uvckvctby lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc dbubt

dcmcnbt ubdb Objfbv 7(



Objfbv 7( Ncvbvlc u`jcmcnbh chdclbtkv uvckvctby lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt

Chdclbtkv

lch`vab

Btvcfpt

lch`vab

U`jcmcnbh Chdclbtkv Uvckvctby U`hoplpvbh Lch`vab Vbhtbc Ubyklbh Jchsbl Blbv _bhoc Lbfpubt`h


Uvky`y

u`v`hibhbbh.Umbh#

Uvky`y

u`hobdbbh.Ykpvi`#

Uvky`y

uvkdplyc. Jbl`#

Uvky`y

u`hocvcjbh. D`mcw`v #

Uvky`y

u`ho`jfbmcbh. V`tpvh#

U`ho`mkmbbh

mcholphobh

Uvky`y

vbhtbcubykl

U`j`hpnbh

u`ybhbh

y`jupvhb

Lch`vab

u`hocvcjbh

_bltp

tphoop

u`j`hpnbh

u`ybhbh

Gm`lycfcmctby

vbhtbc

ubyklbh

Fcbsb

tktbm vbhtbc

ubyklbh

Yclmpy

ibyn tk

ibyn

U`vy`dcbbh

nbvcbh

Fcbsb

uklkl uvkdplyc

Tpapbh

V`mcbfcmctby

vbhtbc ubyklbh

V`yukhycwctby

vbhtbc ubyklbh

Gm`lycfcmctby

vbhtbc ubyklbh

Fcbsb vbhtbc

ubyklbhByy`t vbhtbc

ubyklbh

U`jbhgbbtbh

mcjfbn uvkdpl

U`hokmbnbh

mcjfbnubdbt

U`hokmbnbh

mcjfbn ibcv



CW( NBYCM DBH U@JFBNBYBH

4(2( Cd`htcgclbyc Vbhtbc Ubyklbh Jchsbl Blbv _bhoc

Vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc t`vdcvc dbvc vbholbcbh lòcbtbh

uvkdpltcg sbho t`vnpfpho bhtbvb bltcgctby hcmbc sbho ybtp d`hobh sbho mbch

j`jf`htpl vbhtbc hcmbc chdpytvc( Vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc dc Chdkh`ycb

f`vblncv ybjubc d`hobh `lyukvtcv( Y`mbhapthsb `lyukvtcv j`ho`lyukv jchsbl l`

hòbvb*hòbvb Bycb dbh @vkub- yù`vtc Aùbho- Ychobupvb- Choovcy- Ycyy- Ctbmcb-

A`vjbh- Nkholkho- Chdcb- U`vbhicy dbh Bj`vclb Y`vclbt( Bhooktb ptbjb vbhtbc

ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc t`vdcvc dbvc u`tbhc blbv bhoc y`fbobc u`jbykl fbnbh

fblp- u`hopjupm blbv bhoc- u`hspmcho blbv bhoc- u`hopjupm jchsbl blbv

bhocdbh `lyukvtcv jchsbl blbv bhoc( Y`tcbu bhooktb vbhtbc ubyklbh

j`mblplbh bltcwctby sbho f`vnpfphobh d`hobh lòcbtbh ku`vbyckhbm phtpl

j`honbycmlbh jchsbl blbv bhoc sbho f`vlpbmctby( Ukmb bmcvbh vbhtbc ubyklbh

jchsbl blbv bhoc dcybaclbh ubdb Objfbv ?(

U`hspmcho blbv wbhoc

U`hopjupm jchsbl blbv wbhoc

2

9

6

6

6

6

9

L`t`vbhobh1

U`hs`dcb ybvbhb uvkdplyc phtpl u`tbhc

6 U`tbhc blbv wbhoc

0 ?

9 U`hopjupm blbv wbhoc

4

0

7 U`ho`lyukv jchsbl blbv wbhoc

? Lkhypj`h Mpbv Hò`vc

Bmcvbh fbvbho

Bmcvbh gchbhycbm

Bmcvbh chgkvjbyc

2

4 7

Iblpubh vbhtbc ubykl jchsbl blbv bhoc

Chdkh`ycb

Objfbv ?( Ukmb bmcvbh vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc



Bmcvbh vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc dcjpmbc dbvc u`tbhc y`fbobc

u`honbycm blbv bhoc btbp u`jbykl fbnbh fblp jchsbl blbv bhoc( Nbycm ubh`h

dbvc u`tbhc blbh dcf`mc km`n u`hopjupm dbh u`hspmcho blbv bhoc( U`hopjupm

blbv bhoc j`hapbm blbv bhoc l` u`hspmcho( Nbvob blbv bhoc dbvc u`tbhc

f`vlcybv bhtbvb Vu 6(555-55 ybjubc Vu 9(555-55( L`tclb ubh`h vbsb nbvob blbv

bhoc dc tcholbt u`tbhc i`hd`vpho tpvph( Y`mbch ctp- lpbmctby blbv bhoc apob

dcu`hobvpnc km`n ipbib( Aclb lkhdcyc ipbib fpvpl- nbvob blbv bhoc sbho dcapbm

dbubt j`hibubc dc fbbn nbvob ytbhdbv sbctp Vu 2(655-55 u`v lo(

J`lbhcyj` u`jf`mcbh blbv bhoc dcmblplbh d`hobh ibvb1 .2# u`tbhc

mbhoypho j`hobhtbvlbh blbv bhoc l` u`hopjupm btbp u`hspmcho- .6# u`hopjupm

btbp u`hspmcho mbhoypho j`jf`mc blbv bhoc sbho jbycn f`vbdb dc mbnbh btbp

d`hobh ycyt`j cakh( Bmbt tvbhyukvtbyc sbho dcophblbh km`n u`tbhc phtpl

j`hobhtbvlbh blbv bhoc lùbdb u`hspmcho bdbmbn d`hobh j`hoophblbh tvpl(

Jchsbl blbv bhoc sbho dcnbycmlbh km`n u`hspmcho dcapbm mbhoypho l`

u`hopjupm jchsbl blbv bhoc btbp `lyukvtcv sbho f`vbdb dc mpbv cmbsbn

Lbfpubt`h Obvpt( @lyukvtcv jchsbl blbv bhoc ubmcho fbhsbl f`vbdb dc cmbsbn

Fkokv dbh Ablbvtb( Jchsbl blbv bhoc dc`lyukv l` f`f`vbub hòbvb sbctp Aùbho-

Ychobupvb- Choovcy- Bj`vclb Y`vclbt- Ycyy- Ctbmcb- A`vjbh- Nkholkho- dbh Chdcb(

Nbvob f`mc jchsbl blbv bhoc km`n u`hopjupm btbp `lyukvtcv f`vlcybv bhtbvb

Vu 2(555(555-55 ybjubc Vu 2(455(555-55 f`vobhtpho ubdb lpbmctby sbho

dcnbycmlbh( Y`jblch fbcl lpbmctby jchsbl blbv bhoc- jblb y`jblch jbnbm nbvob

jchsbl blbv bhoc t`vy`fpt(

Bmcvbh gchbhycbm ubdb vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc t`vabdc dbvc

u`ho`lyukv jchsbl blbv bhoc l` u`hopjupm jchsbl btbp mbhoypho l`

u`hspmcho( Y`mbhapthsb- bmcvbh gchbhycbm dbvc u`hspmcho dct`vpylbh l` u`hopjupmblbv bhoc btbp mbhoypho l` u`tbhc( U`jfbsbvbh dbvc `lyukvtcv lùbdb u`hspmcho

btbp u`hopjupm jchsbl blbv bhoc dcmblplbh yìbvb tphbc tp tvbhyg`v y`t`mbn

jchsbl dclcvcj( Y`fbocbh f`ybv `lyukvtcv btbp u`hopjupm jchsbl j`jf`vclbh

uchabjbh jkdbm y`f`mpj u`hspmchobh lùbdb u`hspmcho y`f`mpj u`hspmchobh

dcmblplbh( U`jf`vc jkdbm dbmbj nbm chc j`h`vcjb u`jfbsbvbh f`vpub jchsbl

y`t`mbn jchsbl t`vlpjupm y`mbjb lpvbho m`fcn 25 nbvc( Y`fbocbh u`hspmcho apob

j`jf`vclbh uchabjbh jkdbm lùbdb u`tbhc phtpl j`mblplbh fpdcdbsb blbv



bhoc( Y`t`mbn ubh`h- u`tbhc t`vy`fpt nbvpy j`hapbm blbv bhoc l` u`hspmcho

t`vy`fpt dbh dcf`mc d`hobh nbvob sbho f`vmblp dbh dcyùblbtc km`n l`dpb f`mbn

ucnbl(

Ycyt`j lkjphclbyc sbho t`vabmch bhtbvb bhooktb uvcj`v dbmbj vbhtbc

ubyklbh blbv bhoc ypdbn t`vchtòvbyc d`hobh fbcl( Bmcvbh chgkvjbyc t`vabdc ubdb

u`ho`lyukv jchsbl blbv bhoc dbh u`hopjupm jchsbl blbv bhoc btbp mbhoypho

l` u`hspmcho blbv bhoc( Y`mbhapthsb dbvc u`hspmcho l` u`hopjupm blbv bhoc

btbp mbhoypho l` u`tbhc( Lkjphclbyc bhtbvb u`ho`lyukv d`hobh u`hspmcho

j`hoophblbh t`mùkh phtpl j`ho`tbnpc nbvob sbho f`vmblp dbh tbhoobm

u`hocvcjbh jchsbl blbv bhoc( Lkjphclbyc bhtbvb u`hspmcho d`hobh u`tbhc blbv

bhoc f`vpub chgkvjbyc t`htbho nbvob blbv bhoc- tbhoobm ubh`h- dbh lbubyctby

u`hocvcjbh blbv bhoc lùbdb u`hspmcho(

Lkjphclbyc sbho dcmblplbh bhtbvb u`tbhc dbh u`hspmcho fcbybhsb

dcmblplbh d`hobh j`hobdblbh vbubt btbp jpysbbvbn( U`tbhc dbh u`hspmcho

t`vy`fpt j`vpublbh bhooktb lku`vbyc dbh l`mkjukl tbhc sbho bdb dc jbycho*

jbycho lìbjbtbh dbh y`mpvpn Obvpt( Nbm sbho dcfbnby dbmbj vbubt btbp

jpysbbvbn t`vy`fpt j`jfbnby t`htbho u`vcachbh u`jblbcbh fbnbh fblbv f`vpub

kmc f`lby- u`hoophbbbh upupl- fbhtpbh jkdbm- dbh u`jcmcnbh fcfct( Lkjphclbyc

bhtbvb u`tbhc dbh u`hspmcho dcmblplbh yìbvb chgkvjbm yù`vtc u`hspmcho

j`hophaphoc mbhoypho mbnbh blbv bhoc u`tbhc(

4(2(2 Bltcwctby U`tbhc Blbv _bhoc

U`tbhc blbv bhoc dc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt t`vy`fbv dc mcjb lìbjbtbh- sbctp

Lìbjbtbh Fbskhofkho- Ybjbvbho- Icmbp- M`m`y- dbh Ubycv _bhoc( U`tbhc

t`vy`fpt dcl`mkjukllbh j`habdc u`tbhc chdcwcdp- u`tbhc l`mkjukl- dbh u`tbhc

u`hspmcho( L`mkjukl tbhc f`vf`htpl U`vy`lptpbh Lkjbhdct`v .IW# y`f`ybv 96

u`vy`h dbh bdb apob l`mkjukl tbhc sbho tcdbl f`vfbdbh nplpj f`vapjmbn 45

u`vy`h( U`vtbhcbh blbv bhoc dc Obvpt dcmblplbh yìbvb tpvph*t`jpvph- y`f`ybv ?5

u`vy`h vbtb*vbtb mbjb u`tbhc dbmbj j`habmbhc pybnb fpdcdbsb blbv bhoc bdbmbn

m`fcn dbvc 25 tbnph .Objfbv >#( Nbm t`vy`fpt j`hochdclbyclbh fbnb ubvb u`tbhc

dc Obvpt ypdbn jbncv dbh f`vu`hobmbjbh dbmbj fpdcdbsb blbv bhoc( Y`fbocbh

f`ybv u`tbhc j`jcmclc mbnbh fpdcdbsb y`mpby lpvbho dbvc 0 Nb .Objfbv 3#( Ytbtpy

lù`jcmclbh mbnbh bdb sbho jcmcl y`hdcvc .>> u`vy`h#- y`b .4 u`vy`h#- jcmcl



y`hdcvc dbh y`b .> u`vy`h#( Nbycm vbtb*vbtb uvkdplyc dbvc mbnbh t`vy`fpt bdbmbn 25

ybjubc 62 tkh u`v n`ltbv( Uvkdpltcwctby dbh nbycm tbhbjbh dct`htplbh km`n wbvc`tby

tbhbjbh- t`lhcl fpdcdbsb dbh u`vbbtbh tbhbjbh blbv bhoc( Gbltkv ipbib

ybhobt f`vu`hobvpn t`vnbdbu lpbmctby blbv bhoc( Nbm t`vy`fpt ybhobt

j`ju`hobvpnc v`hd`j`h sbho dcnbycmlbh ybbt u`hspmchobh(

Objfbv >( Mbjb pybnb u`tbhc blbv bhoc

Objfbv 3( Mpby mbnbh fpdcdbsb blbv bhoc

Tbhbjbh blbv bhoc .W`tcw`vcb qcqbhckcd`y# t`vjbypl gbjcmc Ovbjchc`b`

btbp vpjupt*vpjuptbh( Tbhbjbh blbv bhoc j`jcmclc fbp sbho ybhobt bhoc-

f`vpjuph m`fbt- blbv tchoobm f`vibfbho fbhsbl f`vbvhb lphcho upibt btbp bfp*

bfp ybjubc j`vbn tpb( Tbholbc dbph t`vy`jfpm dbvc blbv tchoobm sbho dbubt

j`hibubc 6 j`t`v( Dbph blbv bhoc f`vbvhb l`mbfp- tbjubl lblp- ubhabhohsb

j`hibubc 255 ij dbh tcdbl j`hobhdpho jchsbl( Dbph blbv bhoc fbhsbl

dcophblbh y`fbobc fbnbh fblp l`vbachbh( Fphobhsb f`vbvhb ncabp btbp phop

26%

45%96%

26%4%

= 25 tbnph

25 * 65 tbnph

65 * 95 tbnph

95 * 45 tbnph

8 45 tbnph

45%

97%

64%=0 Nb

0 * 25 Nb

825 Nb



ubdb upipl tbholbc dbph( Ibvb j`ju`vfbhsbl d`hobh fcac- j`jcybnlbh bhbl

vpjuph btbp j`jìbn blbv tchoobm sbho t`mbn f`vtphby

.(dcta`hfph(dùtbh(ok(cd- 6553#(

Fpdcdbsb tbhbjbh blbv bhoc sbho dct`vbulbh ubvb u`tbhc dcmblplbh

d`hobh ycyt`j jkhklpmtpv .27 u`vy`h# dbh tpjubho ybvc .>4 u`vy`h#( U`tbhc

j`mblplbh ycyt`j fpdcdbsb tpjubho ybvc d`hobh tbhbjbh nkvtclpmtpvb yù`vtc lkm-

tkjbt- l`htbho- lpfcy- dbh ibfbc(

Tbhbjbh blbv bhoc tpjfpn fbcl ubdb l`tchoocbh bhtbvb ?55―2755

j`t`v dc btby u`vjplbbh mbpt( Ipvbn npabh sbho ikikl f`vlcybv bhtbvb 2055*6055

jj y`tcbu tbnph- d`hobh ypnp mcholphobh 2?*6?µI- d`hobh d`vbabt l`bybjbh

tbhbn .uN# y`lctbv 7*?(

Fpdcdbsb blbv bhoc dcjpmbc d`hobh u`jfcfctbh- u`hibholpmbh-

u`hbhbjbh- u`hscbhobh- u`jf`vcbh upupl dbh ubh`h( Fcfct blbv bhoc dcu`vkm`n

d`hobh ibvb j`jcybnlbh dbph dbh blbv( Y`t`mbn ctp dcbjfcm fkhookm blbvhsb

phtpl dctbhbj( U`vjbybmbnbh sbho y`vcho jphipm dbmbj u`hs`dcbbh fcfct blbv

bhoc bdbmbn l`t`vy`dcbbh fcfct sbho tcdbl lkhycyt`h dbh jptp fcfct tcdbl y`ypbc

d`hobh sbho dcnbvbulbh(

Tbhbn sbho fbcl phtpl u`vtpjfpnbh blbv bhoc bdbmbn tbhbn sbho tcdbl

ubdbt .o`jfpv# btbp tbhbn sbho f`vubycv yù`vtc tbhbn sbho j`hobhdpho bfp

wpmlbhcl( Nbm t`vy`fpt j`hs`fbflbh blbv bhoc tpjfpn d`hobh fbcl dbh jpdbn

dcibfpt ubdb bltp ubh`h y`nchoob tcdbl bdb blbv sbho t`vtchoobm dc dbmbj tbhbn(

Blbv bhoc tpjfpn d`hobh fbcl aclb dcmblplbh u`jbholbybh dbph ubdb fpmbh l`

mcjb u`hbhbjbh( U`jbholbybh dbubt j`hcholbtlbh nbycm ybjubc y`lctbv 25

u`vy`h(

_bltp u`hbhbjbh blbv bhoc dbubt dcmblplbh y`tcbu ybbt- yùbhabhotbnph- hbjph bltp u`hbhbjbh sbho t`vfbcl bdbmbn ubdb bbm jpycj npabh(

Blbv bhoc j`vpublbh tbhbjbh sbho tcdbl f`vnbjb u`hsblct- y`nchoob tcdbl

j`jfptpnlbh kfbt tbhbjbh( Nbjb sbho y`vcho bdb f`vpub nbjb ncdpu sbctp

”lppl‚ btbp f`f`vbub fchbtbho nptbh yù`vtc bsbj bmby dbh fbfc nptbh sbho

j`vpybl tbhbjbh(

http://www.ditjenbun.deptan.go.id/




U`jpuplbh dcmblplbh nbhsb y`lbmc dbmbj jpycj tbhbj( Hbjph- bdb

u`tbhc sbho tcdbl j`mblplbh u`jpuplbh( Nbm t`vy`fpt dclbv`hblbh tcdbl

y`ypbchsb nbvob f`mc dbh fcbsb ku`vbyckhbm sbho dcl`mpbvlbh( Ubdb ycyt`j tbhbj

jkhklpmtpv- u`tbhc f`vu`hdbubt aclb tbhbjbh blbv bhoc blbh m`fcn fbopy

bmbpuph tcdbl dcf`vc upupl( U`jpuplbh ubdb ycyt`j tbhbj tpjubho ybvc

dcptbjblbh phtpl tbhbjbh tpjubhohsb dbvcubdb tbhbjbh blbv bhoc( Upupl

sbho dcophblbh u`tbhc bdbmbn upupl kvobhcl dbh bhkvobhcl( A`hcy upupl

bhkvobhcl sbho dcophblbh bdbmbn QB- TYU- HUL- LIM- lìpbmc upupl pv`b(

Y`dbholbh upupl kvobhcl sbho dcophblbh bdbmbn upupl lbhdbho(

U`jbh`hbh blbv bhoc dbubt dcmblplbh y`t`mbn tbhbjbh f`vpjpv > fpmbh

ubdb jpycj l`jbvbp( Hbjph y`fbocbh f`ybv u`tbhc blbv bhoc j`jbh`h y`t`mbn

tbhbjbh f`vpjpv 26 fpmbh( Nbycm blbv sbho kutcjpj d`hobh jptp jchsbl sbho

fbcl dcnbycmlbh km`n blbv bhoc sbho f`vpjpv m`fcn dbvc 20 fpmbh( Ibvb ubh`h

blbv bhoc bdbmbn d`hobh j`hibholpm tbhbn dc y`l`mcmcho vpjuph tbhbjbh bobv

mkhoobv y`nchoob y`jpb blbv fcyb dcbjfcm dbh tcdbl bdb sbho uptpy( Km`n lbv`hb

ctp dcfptpnlbh tvbltkv sbho dbubt j`hibholpm m`fcn dbmbj- y`nchoob

j`jpdbnlbh u`l`vab dbmbj j`jbh`h blbv bhoc(

U`tbhc sbho tcdbl j`jcmclc bmbt ypmcho j`hapbm blbv bhoc sbho t mbn

dcubh`h mbhoypho lùbdb u`hspmcho btbp lùbdb u`hopjupm blbv bhoc( Aclb

u`tbhc t`vy`fpt j`vpublbh u`tbhc*u`hspmcho- jblb blbv bhoc sbho t`mbn

dcubh`hhsb blbh mbhoypho dcypmcho y`hdcvc( U`tbhc pjpjhsb j`hspmcho blbv

bhoc dc t`jubt u`hspmchobh jcmcl u`hspmcho d`hobh l`t`htpbh fbnb uvkdpl

sbho dcnbycmlbh dcapbm l` u`jcmcl bmbt ypmcho( Y`mbch ctp- bdb upmb u`tbhc sbho

j`mblplbh u`hspmchobh d`hobh ycyt`j y`b bmbt ypmcho lùbdb u`hspmcho( Fcbsb

y`b u`hspmchobh dcl`hblbh y`f`ybv Vu( 2(055(555-55 u`v y`lbmc ypmcho( Hbjphjchsbl blbv bhoc sbho dcnbycmlbh tcdbl dcapbm lùbdb u`hspmcho j`mbchlbh

mbhoypho dcapbm l` u`hopjupm jchsbl blbv bhoc sbho f`vylbmb pybnb f`ybv(

U`jbybvbh blbv bhoc tcdbl j`juphsbc l`hdbmb sbho ycohcgclbh( Y`jpb

nbycm ubh`h ubytc t`vy`vbu ubybv( Nbm t`vy`fpt ybhobt dcu`hobvpnc km`n l`vabybjb

u`tbhc d`hobh u`hspmcho btbp u`hopjupm blbv bhoc( Nbvob blbv bhoc fbybn

f`vlcybv bhtbvb Vu 2(655-55 ybjubc Vu 9(555-55 u`v lcmkovbj( Nbvob blbv bhoc

i`hd`vpho j`hpvph blcfbt ipbib ybbt chc sbho tcdbl j`h`htp y`nchoob lpbmctby



tcdbl y`fbopy jpycj l`jbvbp( Y`fbocbh f`ybv u`tbhc j`hapbm blbv bhoc d`hobh

nbvob Vu 6(555-55 u`v lcmkovbj(

Jkdbm u`tbhc dbmbj pybnb fpdcdbsb blbv bhoc chc y`fbocbh f`ybv bdbmbn

jkdbm y`hdcvc btbp j`hdbubt jkdbm uchabjbh dbvc ybpdbvb( Fboc u`tbhc sbho

t`vobfpho dbmbj l`mkjukl tbhc fcbybhsb j`hdbubt uchabjbh jkdbm dbvc l`tpb

l`mkjuklhsb( Jkdbm dbmbj fpdcdbsb blbv bhoc u`v n`ltbv y`mbjb ybtp u`vckd`

u`hbhbjbh lpvbho dbvc Vu 60(555(555-55( L`hdbmb jkdbm y`vcho dcnbdbuc km`n

u`tbhc lbv`hb mbjbhsb jbyb tbhbj( Km`n lbv`hb ctp- t`vlbdbho u`tbhc j`hapbm

blbv bhoc d`hobh ycyt`j cakh ybbt tbhbjbh f`vpjpv > fpmbh dbh ycbu dcubh`h

y`t`mbn f`vpjpv 26 fpmbh( Y`fbocbh f`ybv u`tbhc tcdbl j`jbhgbbtlbh gbycmctby

lv`dct m`jfbob l`pbhobh lbv`hb u`vysbvbtbh sbho dcvbyb t`vmbmp j`jf`vbtlbh-

yù`vtc fphob uchabjbh sbho dcl`hblbh t`vmbmp f`ybv(

4(2(6 Bltcwctby U`hopjupm Tbhbjbh Blbv _bhoc

U`hopjupm blbv bhoc j`jf`mc blbv bhoc mbhoypho dbvc u`tbhc y`t`mbn

ubh`h btbp j`jf`mc d`hobh ycyt`j cakh ybbt blbv bhoc jbycn dc mbnbh(

U`hopjupm blbh j`hapbm blbv bhoc lùbdb u`hspmcho btbp u`hopjupm mbch sbho

j`mblplbh u`hspmchobh( U`hopjupm fcbybhsb j`hdbubt jkdbm dbvc u`hspmcho

phtpl j`hibvc blbv bhoc( U`hopjupm blbv bhoc t`vlbdbho apob j`mblplbh

u`hspmchobh y`hdcvc d`hobh j`hs`b bmbt ypmcho lùbdb u`hspmcho dbh

j`jfbsbvhsb d`hobh jchsbl blbv bhoc lbybv(

U`hopjupm blbv bhoc dbmbj y`nbvc jbjup j`hopjupmlbh 4*0 tkh blbv

bhoc d`hobh nbvob f`vlcybv bhtbvb Vu 6(555-55 * Vu 9(555-55 u`v lcmkovbj(

Ycyt`j u`j`ybhbh dcmblplbh yìbvb mbhoypho d`hobh j`lbhcyj` u`jfbsbvbh

ibyn bhd ibvvs( Apjmbn u`hopjupm tcdbl fbhsbl phtpl y`tcbu cmbsbn- nbhsb bdb

ybtp btbp dpb u`hopjupm dbmbj ybtp cmbsbn d`yb btbp lìbjbtbh( U`hopjupm

f`l`vab y`hdcvc lbv`hb tcdbl bdbhsb l`mkjukl u`hopjupm dbh i`hd`vpho f`vybcho

bhtbv u`hopjupm( L`hdbmb sbho dcbmbjc u`hopjupm bdbmbn l`t`vy`dcbbh blbv

bhoc sbho tcdbl lkhycyt`h dbh jptp sbho tcdbl y`ypbc d`hobh sbho dcnbvbulbh(

4(2(9 Bltcwctby U`hspmcho Blbv _bhoc

Uvkdpl jchsbl blbv bhoc sbho dcu`vdbobholbh f`vpub jchsbl blbv

bhoc lbybv( U`hspmcho blbv bhoc t`vy`fbv dc `jubt lìbjbtbh sbctp Lìbjbtbh



Ybjbvbho- Fbskhofkho- Icmbp- dbh M`m`y( Ubvb u`hspmcho t`vy`fpt y`fbhsbl ?0

u`vy`h f`vobfpho dbmbj lku`vbyc Pybnb Vblsbt .PYBV# sbho dcl`tpbc km`n

Fbubl N(@d` Lbdbvpyjbh( Ubvb u`hspmcho apob f`vtchdbl y`fbobc u`tbhc sbho

dcy`fpt u`tbhc*u`hspmcho( U`hspmcho sbho tcdbl j`hbhbj blbv bhoc j`j`hpnc

l`fptpnbh blbv bhoc d`hobh j`jf`mc mbhoypho dbvc u`tbhc+l`mkjukl tbhc dbh

u`hopjupm blbv bhoc( U`hspmcho sbho dcf`vc uchabjbh jkdbm dbvc u`hopjupm

jchsbl btbp `lyukvtcv- j`jfbsbv uchabjbh t`vy`fpt d`hobh j`jf`vclbh jchsbl

nbycm ypmchobh j`v`lb( U`hocvcjbh jchsbl dcmblplbh y`t`mbn jchsbl t`vlpjupm

y`mbjb 25 nbvc d`hobh apjmbn vbtb*vbtb y`fbhsbl 45 lo( Hbjph- ubdb jpycj

l`jbvbp u`hspmcho dbubt j`juvkdplyc jchsbl m`fcn fbhsbl d`hobh apjmbn 05

lo y`mbjb ybtp jchoop( Ubdb ybbt u`h`mctcbh- v`hd`j`h j`hpvph j`habdc f`vlcybv

5-4*5-0 u`vy`h lbv`hb ipbib sbho tcdbl j`hdplpho(

U`hspmchobh .05%# dcmblplbh d`hobh j`hoophblbh l`t`m ytbchm`yy yt``m

d`hobh ycyt`j lplpy( U`hspmcho j`mblplbh u`hspmchobh d`hobh j`hoophblbh

ycyt`j fkcm`v btbp ycyt`j pbu t`vucybn y`f`ybv 99 u`vy`h( Ycybhsb y`f`ybv 2?

u`vy`h u`hspmcho jbycn j`hoophblbh ycyt`j v`fpy( Fbnbh fblbv sbho dcophblbh

ybbt chc dcdkjchbyc km`n jchsbl ykmbv dbh kmc f`lby- hbjph jbycn bdb apob sbho

j`hoophblbh lbsp fblbv(

F`vdbybvlbh ypvw`s- u`jblbcbh ykmbv m`fcn vbjbn mcholphobh- hbjph

m`fcn jbnbm aclb dcfbhdcholbh d`hobh kmc f`lby( Nbvob ykmbv bdbmbn Vu( 4(055-55

y`dbholbh nbvob kmc f`lby f`vlcybv Vu( 6(055-55 u`v mct`v( L`mbholbbh fbnbh

fblbv j`ju`vfpvpl lkhdcyc u`hspmchobh( Fbhsbl pybnb u`hspmchobh sbho tcdbl

f`vuvkdplyc lbv`hb fcbsb ku`vbyckhbm tcdbl t`vtptpu km`n nbvob apbm jchsbl blbv

bhoc(

Jptp jchsbl blbv bhoc dct`htplbh km`n ypnp dbh t`lbhbh sbhodcophblbh( Ubdb ycyt`j lplpy- ubvb u`hspmcho j`hbcllbh t`lbhbh ubdb 0 .mcjb#

fbv sbho y`f`mpjhsb dcabob ubdb 9 .tcob# fbv d`hobh ypnp y`lctbv 245µI*275µI(

Nbm t`vy`fpt jbjup j`hon`jbt bltp y`lctbv 0 .mcjb# abj( Bubfcmb

j`hoophblbh ycyt`j pbu t`vucybn btbp fkcm`v - ypnp dcabob ubdb 265µI d`hobh

t`lbhbh 6*9 fbv y`mbjb 65 abj( T`lbhbh sbho v`hdbn j`jfpbt jptp jchsbl

m`fcn fbopy dcfbhdcholbh t`lbhbh tchooc sbho dbubt j`hs`fbflbh jchsbl blbv

bhoc okykho(



U`hspmcho pjpjhsb tcdbl j`h`vbulbh u`hspmchobh d`hobh l`t`htpbh

sbho fblp .okkd jbhpgbitpvcho uvki`yy#( U`hipicbh blbv bhoc nbhsb dcmblplbh

bubfcmb jpycj npabh dbh t`vdbubt fbhsbl tbhbn sbho j`h`ju`m( U`ha`jpvbh

nbhsb dcmblplbh ubdb uboc nbvc dbh tcdbl bdb uvky`y u`vbabhobh( Nbm t`vy`fpt

dcmblplbh phtpl j`ju`vi`ubt uvky`y uvkdplyc dbh j`hon`jbt fcbsb ku`vbyckhbm(

L`ybdbvbh dbh l`jbpbh sbho v`hdbn phtpl j`juvky`y d`hobh l`t`htpbh sbho

fblp j`jfpbt jptp dbh v`hd`j`h jchsbl tcdbl kutcjbm dbh tcdbl y`ypbc ytbhdbv(

Uvky`y u`hscbubh u`hspmchobh blbv bhoc dcjpmbc d`hobh u`jf`vycnbh

dbh u`hipicbh blbv bhoc phtpl j`honcmbholbh tbhbn sbho j`h`ju`m ubdb blbv

bhoc( Aclb bdb tbhbn sbho j`h`ju`m ubdb blbv dbh clpt dbmbj uvky`y

u`hspmchobh jblb dbubt j`hpvphlbh v`hd`j`h dbh jptp jchsbl blbv bhoc(

Y`t`mbn ctp dcmblplbh u`ho`vchobh sbho f`vtpapbh phtpl j`hopbulbh y`fbocbh bcv

dbmbj fbnbh- y`nchoob uvky`y u`hspmchobh m`fcn jpdbn dbh ycholbt( U`ho`vchobh

blbv bhoc y`fbclhsb dcmblplbh y`mbjb 26 abj dc fbbn ychbv jbtbnbvc mbhoypho(

Y`f`mpj u`hspmchobh y`fbclhsb blbv bhoc dcvbabho t`vm`fcn dbnpmp phtpl

j`jpdbnlbh u`hopbubh blbv bhoc( Blbv bhoc sbho ypdbn dcl`vcholbh dbh

dcvbabho dcjbypllbh dbmbj l`t`m sbho t`vtptpu vbubt(

U`hspmcho j`jfptpnlbh bltp 26 abj dbmbj ybtp lbmc uvky`y u`hspmchobh

sbctp 25 abj phtpl u`hoplpybh dbh 6 .dpb# abj phtpl j`jbypllbh dbh

j`jfkholbv blbv bhoc dbmbj tpholp( Bmbt ypmcho nbhsb jbjup j`mblplbh

u`hspmchobh jblycjbm y`fbhsbl dpb lbmc y`nbvc( Lbubyctby tpholp u`v

u`hspmchobh y`f`ybv 2-6 ybjubc d`hobh 6 .dpb# tkh( Jchsbl blbv bhoc sbho

dcnbycmlbh y`f`ybv 4*> lo u`v ybtp ypmcho d`hobh ibtbtbh lkhdcyc blbv bhoc sbho

dcophblbh t`vy`fpt fbopy(

U`hspmcho d`hobh jkdbm f`ybv dbubt j`hapbm jchsbl blbv bhoc l`ubdbu`hopjupm btbp `lyukvtcv sbho j`jf`vc nbvob sbho m`fcn j`hophtpholbh( Nbm

t`vy`fpt tcdbl f`vmblp fboc y`fbocbh f`ybv u`hspmcho sbho l`ypmctbh jkdbm(

J`v`lb f`vobhtpho ubdb uchabjbh jkdbm dbvc u`hopjupm btbp `lyukvtcv y`nchoob

nbvpy j`ho`jfbmclbh uchabjbh jkdbm t`vy`fpt d`hobh jchsbl sbho j`v`lb

nbycmlbh( F`vdbybvlbh ypvw`s- u`hopjupm jchsbl blbv bhoc dc Obvpt t`vdbubt

lbypy sbctp bdbhsb ybtp u`hopjupm sbho dkjchbh y`nchoob nbjucv y`mpvpn

u`hspmcho j`jcmclc npfphobh l`t`vlbctbh d`hobh u`dbobho u`hopjupm t`vy`fpt(



Lkhy`lp`hyc dbvc lkhdcyc t`vy`fpt bdbmbn nbvob f`mc jchsbl blbv bhoc v`mbtcg

m`fcn jpvbn dbvc nbvob sbho f`vmblp(

U`vjbybmbnbh sbho y`vcho dcnbdbuc km`n u`hspmcho bdbmbn l`t`vy`dcbbh

fbnbh fblp sbho tcdbl lkhycyt`h- jptp fbnbh fblp- jkdbm dbh bmbt ypmcho sbho

tcdbl y`ypbc ytbhdbv( Bmbt u`jcybn bcv dbh jchsbl sbho jbycn y`d`vnbhb- y`nchoob

j`jfpbt jptp jchsbl lpvbho fbopy dbh v`hdbnhsb v`hd`j`h blcfbt tchoochsb

u`hspyptbh( Y`mbch ctp- jptp kmc f`lby uph v`hdbn y`nchoob tcdbl kutcjbm dbmbj

u`jfblbvbh lbv`hb t`vmbmp fbhsblhsb fbnbh ibjupvbh mbch ubdb kmc f`lby

t`vy`fpt(

4(2(4 Bltcwctby U`hopjupm Jchsbl Blbv _bhoc

U`hopjupm jchsbl dc db`vbn Obvpt tcdbl fbhsbl- ybmbn ybtp dbvc j`v`lb

j`vpublbh u`vblcmbh `lyukvtcv dbvc UT( Dabypmb _bhoc Ablbvtb( Ybbt ubh`h vbsb

u`hopjupm jchsbl jbjup j`hopjupmlbh 255 lo ’ 455 lo jchsbl blbv bhoc

dbmbj ybtp jchoop( Y`dbholbh ybbt jpycj ubi`lmcl nbhsb jbjup

j`hopjupmlbh 655 lo dbmbj bltp 25 nbvc( Jchsbl sbho t`mbn t`vlpjupm

mbhoypho dclcvcj l` `lyukvtcv sbho f`vbdb dc Ablbvtb dbh Fkokv( Nbvob `lyukv

jchsbl tcdbl dcl`tbnpc y`ibvb ubytc km`n ubvb u`hopjupm jchsbl- j`v`lb nbhsb

j`h`vcjb nbvob sbho ypdbn dct`tbulbh `lyukvtcv( Vcyclk sbho dcnbdbuc km`n

u`hopjupm jchsbl ybhobtmbn tchooc( Aclb jptp tcdbl y`ypbc ytbhdbv- jblb jchsbl

tcdbl blbh dct`vcjb km`n `lyukvtcv( Km`n lbv`hb ctp- dcfptpnlbh u`jf`mbabvbh dbh

u`hobmbjbh dbmbj j`hopac ytbhdbv jptp jchsbl blbv bhoc y`f`mpj dcpac dc

mbfkvbtkvcpj jcmcl `lyukvtcv(

4(2(0 Ypjf`v Dbsb Vbhtbc Ubyklbh

Ypjf`v dbsb vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc t`vdcvc dbvc ypjf`v dbsb

gcycl- ypjf`v dbsb t`lhkmkoc- ypjf`v dbsb jbhpycb dbh ypjf`v dbsb u`vjkdbmbh(

2( Ypjf`v dbsb gcycl

Ypjf`v dbsb gcycl vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc j`mcuptc- mbnbh

u`vtbhcbh- ybvbhb dbh uvbybvbhb u`hspmchobh( Pjpv `lkhkjcy dbvc bmbt ypmcho

.l`t`m# bdbmbn y`lctbv 25 ’ 20 tbnph(



6( Ypjf`v dbsb t`lhkmkoc

U`hspmchobh blbv bhoc jbycn j`hoophblbh ycyct`j lplpy- jbycn

ybhobt y`dclct sbho j`hoophlbh ycyt`j pbu t`vucybn .fkcm`v #( J`ylcuph bdb

fbhtpbh u`vbmbtbh dbvc u`j`vchtbn- hbjph jbycn bdb l`hdbmb ku`vbyckhbm- sbctp

lbubyctby j`ych sbho jbycn lpvbho- f`mpj bdb ku`vbtkv sbho bnmc t`htbho

j`ych t`vy`fpt- dbh j`ych jbycn fbhsbl l`hdbmb t`lhcy( L`phtphobh sbho

dcu`vkm`n dbvc uvky`y u`hspmchobh pbu t`vucybn d`hobh ycyt`j lplpy f`vf`db

ybhobt tcucy( Nbm t`vy`fpt j`vpublbh u`hs`fbf u`hspmcho jbycn t`tbu

j`hoophblbh ycyt`j lplpy(

9( Ypjf`v dbsb jbhpycb

Uvky`y u`hspmchobh j`mcfbtlbh 6 .dpb# kvbho t`hbob l`vab dbmbj 2 .ybtp#

lbmc uvky`y u`hspmchobh sbho f`vtchdbl y`fbobc ku`vbtkv( Uvky`y u`hipicbh

blbv bhoc j`mcfbtlbh u`l`vab fkvkhobh(

4( Ypjf`v dbsb u`vjkdbmbh

U`jfcbsbbh ubdb u`vtbhcbh blbv bhoc iplpu ypmct dcdbubt dbvc u`vfbhlbh(

Ysbvbt sbho vpjct dbh bdbhsb bophbh j`jfpbt u`tbhc j`hoophblbh jkdbm

y`hdcvc btbp uchabj l` ybpdbvb- u`hopjupm btbp u`hspmcho( U`tbhc j`vbyb m`fcn

hsbjbh j`jfbsbv uchabjbh d`hobh nbycm ubh`h j`v`lb( Nbm y`vpub apob

t`vabdc ubdb u`hspmcho- ysbvbt u`vfbhlbh j`hphtpt lùbytcbh nbycm dbvc

u`hspmcho y`dbholbh v`hd`j`h tcdbl dbubt dct`htplbh yìbvb ubytc( Km`n

lbv`hb ctp u`hspmcho apob m`fcn j`jcmcn jkdbm uchabjbh dbvc u`hopjupm

jchsbl btbp `lyukvtcv dbh j`jfbsbv uchabjbh t`vy`fpt d`hobh jchsbl nbycm

ypmchobh j`v`lb(

4(6( Vbhibhobh Chdclbtkv Lch`vab Vbhtbc Ubyklbh Jchsbl Blbv _bhoc

d`hobh U`hd`lbtbh OYIKV

Vbhibhobh chdclbtkv lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc chc t`vjbypl

dbmbj m`w`m 2 YIKV d`hobh j`hbjfbnlbh byu`l u`ho`mkmbbh mcholphobh(

Vbhibhobh chdclbtkv lch`vab dbmbj u`h`mctcbh chc yìbvb l y`mpvpnbh dcjpmbc dbvc

dbybv tpapbh phtpl j`ho`jfbholbh chdpytvc jchsbl blbv bhoc bobv m`fcn jbap(

Tbvo`t dbvc u`vbhibhobh u`hoplpvbh lch`vab chc bdbmbn phtpl j`hcholbtlbh

lpbhtctby dbh lpbmctby dbvc jchsbl blbv bhoc( Ybybvbh dbvc u`vbhibhobh

u`hoplpvbh lch`vab bdbmbn ubvb u`mblp chdpytvc jchsbl blbv bhoc- sbctp u`tbhc-



u`hopjupm blbv bhoc- u`hspmcho- u`hopjupm jchsbl blbv bhoc dbh `lyukvtcv(

Y`dbholbh ubvb u`mblp u`jfpbt vbhibhobh u`hoplpvbh lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh

jchsbl blbv bhoc bdbmbn jbycho*jbycho dbvc ubvb u`mblp pybnb t`vy`fpt dbh dbvc

ucnbl u`j`vchtbn- sbctp Dchby U`vl`fphbh y`vtb Dchby U`vchdpytvcbh- U`vdbobhobh

dbh Lku`vbyc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt(

Uvky`y vbhibhobh u`hoplpvbh lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc dc

Lbfpubt`h Obvpt t`vdcvc dbvc tcob tbnbu- sbctp j`hd`gchcyclbh u`l`vabbh- j`hcmbc

lch`vab- dbh j`jf`vclbh pjubh fbmcl( U`hd`gchcycbh u`l`vabbh f`vbvtc

j`jbytclbh fbnb u`mblp pybnb jchsbl blbv bhoc .u`tbhc blbv bhoc-


`lyukvtcv# j`mblplbh l`bacfbh y`vtb u`l`vabbhhsb jbycho*jbycho y`ypbc uvkg`yc

j`v`lb( Ubvb u`mblp pybnb jchsbl blbv bhoc f`l`vab ybjb dbmbj j`h`htplbh

tpapbh- j`jfbhoph lkjctj`h dbh j`v`hibhblbh mbholbn*mbholbn f`vclpthsb

phtpl j`jbaplbh chdpytvc jchsbl blbv bhoc( U`hcmbcbh lch`vab dcmblplbh phtpl

j`jfbhdcholbh lch`vab y`yphoopnhsb dbvc jbycho*jbycho u`mblp pybnb jchsbl

blbv bhoc d`hobh ytbhdbv sbho t`mbn dct`tbulbh y`ibvb hbyckhbm jbpuph

cht`vhbyckhbm( U`hcmbcbh lch`vab j`jfptpnlbh pjubh fbmcl dbvc jbycho*jbycho

bhooktb vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc bobv t`vicutbhsb lch`vab sbho m`fcn

fbcl( U`hoplpvbh lch`vab dbubt dcmblplbh y`tcbu fpmbh- y`tcbu y`j`yt`v- btbp y`tcbu

tbnph t`vobhtpho bltp sbho t`mbn dcy`ublbtc km`n ubvb u`mblp pybnb jchsbl blbv

bhoc sbho j`vpjpylbhhsb(

Nbycm u`hokmbnbh d`hobh j`hoophblbh BNU dbubt dcmcnbt dbvc fkfkt sbho

dcnbycmlbh( Nbm t`vy`fpt dbubt dcmcnbt ubdb Objfbv 25(



Objfbv 25( Ncvbvlc dbh u`jfkfktbh u`jcmcnbh chdclbtkv uvckvctby lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt

Chdclbtkv

lch`vab

Btvcfpt

lch`vab

U`jcmcnbh Chdclbtkv Uvckvctby U`hoplpvbh Lch`vab Vbhtbc Ubyklbh Jchsbl Blbv _bhoc Lbfpubt`h


Uvky`yu`v`hibhbbh

.5-404

Uvky`yu`hobdbbh

.5-276

Uvky`y

uvkdplyc

.5-266#

Uvky`yu`hocvcjbh

.5-533

Uvky`yu`ho`jfbmcbh

.5-544

U`ho`mkmbbhmcholphobh

.5-233

Uvky`y

vbhtbcubykl

U`j`hpnbhu`ybhbh

y`jupvhb

.5-222#

Lch`vab

u`hocvcjbh.5-257#

_bltptphoop

u`j`hpnbh

u`ybhbh

.5-642#

Gm`lycfcmctbyvbhtbc

ubyklbh

.5-222#

Fcbsbtktbm vbhtbc

ubyklbh

.5-562#

Yclmpy

ibyn tk

ibyn

.5-252#

U`vy`dcbbh

nbvcbh.5-252#

Fcbsb

uklkl uvkdplyc.5-257#

Tpapbh

V`mcbfcmctby

vbhtbc ubyklbh

.5-62>#

V`yukhycwctby

vbhtbc ubyklbh

.5-642#

Gm`lycfcmctby

vbhtbc ubyklbh

.5-222#

Fcbsb vbhtbc

ubyklbh

.5-26?#

Byy`t vbhtbc

ubyklbh

.5-656#

U`jbhgbbtbh

mcjfbn uvkdpl

.5-259#

U`hokmbnbh

mcjfbnubdbt

.5-502#

U`hokmbnbhmcjfbn ibcv

.5-502#



4(6(2( Uvky`y Vbhtbc Ubykl

Uvky`y vbhtbc ubykl t`vdcvc dbvc uvky`y u`v`hibhbbh- uvky`y u`hobdbbh-

uvky`y uvkdplyc- uvky`y u`hocvcjbh- uvky`y u`ho`jfbmcbh- dbh ycyt`j jbhba`j`h

mcholphobh( F`vdbybvlbh u`vnctphobh BNU- uvky`y u`v`hibhbbh j`jcmclc fkfkt

sbho ubmcho tchooc .5-404# dbh j`habdc uvckvctby u`vtbjb( Uvky`y u`v`hibhbbh

j`habdc uvckvctby u`vtbjb dclbv`hblbh dbmbj u`jfpbtbh jchsbl blbv bhoc chc

dcu`vmplbh u`v`hibhbbh sbho jbtbho bobv dcdbubtlbh jchsbl blbv bhoc sbho

f`vlpbmctby( Lkhdcyc t`vy`fpt dbubt dcmcnbt ubdb Tbf`m 4(

Tbf`m 4( Fkfkt dbh uvckvctby uvky`y vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc

f`vdbybvlbh OYIKV

Uvky`y vbhtbc ubykl Fkfkt UvckvctbyUvky`y u`v`hibhbbh .Umbh# 5-404 2

Uvky`y u`hobdbbh .Ykpvi`# 5-276 6

Uvky`y uvkdplyc . Jbl`# 5-266 9

Ycyt`j Jbhba`j`h Mcholphobh 5-233 4

Uvky`y u`hocvcjbh . D`mcw`v # 5-533 0

Uvky`y u`ho`jfbmcbh . V`tpvh# 5-544 7

Jbycho*jbycho dbvc uvky`y vbhtbc ubykl dca`mbylbh y`fbobc f`vclpt 1

b( Uvky`y U`v`hibhbbh . Umbh#

Uvky`y u`v`hibhbbh j`vpublbh uvky`y sbho dcmblplbh phtpl

j`hs`cjfbholbh ypjf`vdbsb dbh j`jfpbt v`hibhb phtpl vbhtbc ubykl y`ibvb

l`y`mpvpnbh- t`vjbypl v`hibhb u`ho`jfbmcbh- dbh v`hibhb u`mblybhbbh uvky`y

dbvc l`fptpnbh u`hobdbbh- uvkdplyc- dbh u`hocvcjbh jchsbl blbv bhoc(

Ubdb ybbt ypvw`s- u`v`hibhbbh dbmbj chdpytvc jchsbl blbv bhoc ypdbn

t`vmblybhb iplpu fbcl- lbv`hb y`jpb lkjukh`h vbhtbc ubyklbh j`jfpbt

u`v`hibhbbh( U`tbhc j`jfpbt u`v`hibhbbh dbmbj nbm j`hbhbj blbv bhoc-

j`v`hibhblbh jbyb tbhbj dbh ubh`h blbv bhoc( U`hspmcho j`mblplbh

u`v`hibhbbh dbmbj j`ju`vycbulbh fbnbh fblp sbho blbh dcabdclbh jchsbl

blbv bhoc- y`u`vtc j`hdbtbhoc l`fph blbv bhoc phtpl j`jf`mc blbv bhoc-

dbh j`v`hibhblbh f`vbub fbhsbl blbv bhoc sbho nbvpy dcy`dcblbh phtpl

j`hdbubtlbh apjmbn jchsbl sbho dcchochlbh(

f( Uvky`y U`hobdbbh .Ykpvi`#

Uvky`y u`hobdbbh j`vpublbh uvky`y j`mblplbh u`hobdbbh uvkdpl phtpl

j`j`hpnc u`vjchtbbh( Ubdb uvky`y chc- dcnbvbulbh ubvb u`mblp pybnb jchsbl



blbv bhoc dbubt j`j`hpnc u`vjchtbbh lkhypj`h d`hobh yìbvb tùbt bobv

t`vibubchsb lùpbybh dbh mksbmctby lkhypj`h(

U`hobdbbh fbnbh fblp blbv bhoc phtpl uvkdplyc jchsbl fcbybhsb

dcmblplbh km`n u`hopjupm blbv bhoc( U`hopjupm blbv bhoc j`habmch

l`vabybjb d`hobh u`tbhc mbhoobhbhhsb phtpl j`hdbubtlbh blbv bhoc d`hobh

apjmbn sbho fbhsbl( U`hobdbbh fbnbh fblp apob t`vlbdbho dcmblplbh km`n

u`tbhc y`hdcvc( Blbv bhoc t`vy`fpt dcophblbh phtpl dcypmcho y`hdcvc btbp

mbhoypho dcy`vbnlbh lùbdb u`hspmcho sbho t`mbn j`j`ybhhsb(

i( Uvky`y Uvkdplyc . Jbl`#

Uvky`y uvkdplyc j`vpublbh uvky`y tvbhygkvjbyc fbnbh fblp j`habdc

uvkdpl sbho dcchochlbh lkypj`h( U`hspmchobh blbv bhoc j`habdc jchsbl

blbv bhoc nbvpymbn j`hoclptc btpvbh sbho t`mbn dct`tbulbh .okkd

jbhpigbitpvcho uvki`yy#( Hbjph- y`fbocbh f`ybv u`hspmcho tcdbl j`h`vbulbh

u`hspmchobh d`hobh l`t`htpbh sbho fblp(

Uvky`y uvkdplyc btbp uvky`y u`hspmchobh blbv bhoc j`hiblpu

u`jf`vycnbh dbh u`hipicbh blbv bhoc- u`ho`vchobh- dbh u`vbabhobh( Y`t`mbn

ctp dcmblplbh uvky`y u`hspmchobh d`hobh ycyt`j lplpy- ycyt`j v`fpy btbp

ycyt`j pbu t`vucybn( U`jf`vycnbh blbv bhoc dbvc tbhbn sbho j`h`ju`m ubdb

blbv bdbmbn fbobch u`htcho sbho nbvpy dcmblplbh( Tbhbn sbho j`h`ju`m ubdb

blbv blbh j`hpvphlbh v`hd`j`h dbh jptp jchsbl blbv bhoc aclb t`vfbb

dbmbj uvky`y u`hspmchobh(

d( U`ho`mkmbbh Mcholphobh

U`ho`mkmbbh mcholphobh j`vpublbh ypbtp l`vbholb l`vab phtpl j`ho`hbm-

j`hoplpv- j`ho`mkmb- dbh j`hokhtvkm dbjubl*dbjubl mcholphobh yìbvb

`g`ltcg sbho dcblcfbtlbh km`n chdpytvc jchsbl blbv bhoc chc( U`ho`mkmbbhmcholphobh u`vmp dct`vbulbh lbv`hb phtpl j`hiòbn bdbhsb ukmpyc dbh

u`hi`jbvbh mcholphobh sbho dcblcfbtlbh km`n chdpytvc jchsbl blbv bhoc(

J`ylcuph u`ho`mkmbbh mcholphobh sbho bdb f`mpj dct`vbulbh y`ptpnhsb

km`n ubvb u`mblp pybnb jchsbl blbv bhoc- t`tbuc j`v`lb ypdbn f`vpybnb

j`papdlbhhsb( Jcybmhsb- mklbyc u`hspmchobh dcdcvclbh f`vbdb abpn dbvc

u`jplcjbh bvob phtpl j`honchdbvc u`hi`jbvbh mcholphobh sbho

dctcjfpmlbh dbvc mcjfbn ycyb nbycm u`hspmchobh( Mcjfbn ibcv jbpuph ubdbt



dcfpbho l` t`jubt u`jfpbhobh mcjfbn- dbh y`fbocbh mcjfbn ubdbt

dcjbhgbbtlbh phtpl u`jfpbtbh upupl lkjuky y`vtb fbvbho l`vbachbh(

F`f`vbub ucnbl j`hsbtblbh fbnb tbhbjbh blbv bhoc dbubt

j`hs`fbflbh `vkyc tbhbn( Hbjph- f`vdbybvlbh nbycm ypvw`s lùbdb ubvb u`tbhc

blbv bhoc t`vhsbtb nbm t`vy`fpt tcdbl f`hbv( Tbhbjbh blbv bhoc y`f`tpmhsb

bdbmbn tbhbjbh sbho dbubt j`hspfpvlbh tbhbn(

`( Uvky`y U`hocvcjbh . D`mcw`v#

Uvky`y u`hocvcjbh sbho dcmblplbh nbvpymbn t`v`hibhb dbh y`ypbc bltp

sbho t`mbn dcyùblbtc d`hobh lkhypj`h( Uvky`y u`hocvcjbh blbv bhoc

dcmblplbh km`n u`tbhc lùbdb u`hopjupm blbv bhoc btbp mbhoypho l`

u`hspmcho d`hobh j`hoophblbh bmbt tvbhyukvtbyc f`vpub tvpl( Blbv bhoc sbho

t`mbn dcubh`h dbvc l`fph mbhoypho dclcvcjlbh lùbdb u`hopjupm btbp

u`hspmcho sbho t`mbn j`jf`mchsb( U`hocvcjbh jchsbl blbv bhoc dbvc

u`hspmcho l` u`hopjupm jchsbl dcmblplbh mbhoypho tbhub u`vbhtbvb( Uvky`y

tbbv*j`hbbv- hòkycbyc nbvob- dbh u`j`ybhbh blbv bhoc dbh jchsbl blbv

bhoc fcbybhsb dcmblplbh j`mbmpc t`mùkh( Aclb fbvbho ypdbn bdb dbh nbvob

ypdbn dcyùblbtc- jblb blbv bhoc btbp jchsbl blbv bhoc blbh yò`vb

dclcvcj lùbdb u`j`ybhhsb(

g( Uvky`y U`ho`jfbmcbh . V`tpvh#

Uvky`y u`ho`jfbmcbh tcdbl fbhsbl dcmblplbh- lbv`hb fbobcjbhbuph

lkhdcyc jchsbl btbp f`vbubuph apjmbn jchsbl sbho dcapbm u`hspmcho l`

u`hopjupm jchsbl- ubytc blbh dct`vcjb km`n u`hopjupm jchsbl( L`fbhsblbh

u`hopjupm jchsbl tcdbl j`ju`vnbtclbh jptp jchsbl blbv bhoc sbho dcapbm

km`n u`hspmcho( U`hopjupm jchsbl blbh j`h`vcjb y`jpb jchsbl blbv bhoc

sbho dcapbm km`n u`hspmcho fbobcjbhbuph lkhdcyc jchsbl blbv bhoc t`vy`fpt(Km`n lbv`hb lkhdcyc t`vy`fpt- jblb u`hspmcho nbvpy m`fcn u`lb t`vnbdbu jptp

jchsbl blbv bhoc sbho dcnbycmlbhhsb dbh dcu`vmplbh bdbhsb tcholbtbh jptp

dbvc jchsbl blbv bhoc sbho dcnbycmlbh(

4(6(6 Btvcfpt Lch`vab dbh Chdclbtkv Lch`vab

Btvcfpt lch`vab t`vdcvc dbvc v`mcbfcmctby vbhtbc ubyklbh- v`yukhycwctby vbhtbc

ubyklbh- gm`lycfcmctby vbhtbc ubyklbh- fcbsb vbhtbc ubyklbh- jbhba`j`h byy`t vbhtbc

ubyklbhdbh u`jbhgbbtbh mcjfbn uvkdpl( U`jfkfktbh dbh uvckvctby btvcfpt



lch`vab dcybaclbh ubdb Tbf`m 0( F`vdbybvlbh tbf m t`vy`fpt dbubt dcmcnbt fbnb

v`yukhycwctby vbhtbc ubyklbh j`jcmclc fkfkt sbho ubmcho tchooc .5-642# dbh

j`habdc uvckvctby u`vtbjb(

Tbf`m 0( Fkfkt dbh uvckvctby btvcfpt lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv

bhoc f`vdbybvlbh OYIKV

Btvcfpt lch`vab Fkfkt Uvckvctby

V`yukhycwctby vbhtbc ubyklbh 5-642 2

V`mcbfcmctby vbhtbc ubyklbh 5-62> 6

Jbhba`j`h byy`t vbhtbc ubyklbh 5-656 9

Fcbsb vbhtbc ubyklbh 5-26? 4

Gm`lycfcmctby vbhtbc ubyklbh 5-222 0

U`jbhgbbtbh mcjfbn uvkdpl 5-259 7

Jbycho*jbycho btvcfpt lch`vab blbh dca`mbylbh f`y`vtb d`hobh chdclbtkv

lch`vabhsb(

2( V`yukhycwctby vbhtbc ubyklbh

Wbvcbf`m v`yukhycwctby sbho dcplpv bdbmbn bltp tphoop u`j`hpnbh

u`ybhbh .5-642#( _bltp tphoop u`j`ybhbh bdbmbn bltp sbho dcfptpnlbh

u`mbhoobh j`j`ybh uvkdpl ybjubc u`ybhbh t`vy`fpt dct`vcjb( _bltp tphoop

vbtb*vbtb sbho dcu`vmplbh dbmbj j`j`ybh blbv bhoc btbp jchsbl blbv bhoc

bdbmbn ybtp jchoop ybjubc fbvbho dct`vcjb km`n u`j`ybh(

6( V`mcbfcmctby vbhtbc ubyklbh

Chdclbtkv lch`vab dbvc v`mcbfcmctby bdbmbn u`j`hpnbh u`ybhbh y`jupvhb

dbh lch`vab u`hocvcjbh( Fkfkt u`j`hpnbh u`ybhbh bdbmbn 5-222 dbh fkfkt

lch`vab u`hocvcjbh bdbmbn 5-257(

b( U`j`hpnbh u`ybhbh y`jupvhb

U`j`hpnbh u`ybhbh y`jupvhb j`mcuptc l`tùbtbh a`hcy uvkdpl sbho

dcu`ybh- l`tùbtbh bltp u`hocvcjbh- l`tùbtbh apjmbn u`hocvcjbh- dbh

l`tùbtbh t`jubt u`hocvcjbh( U`ybhbh blbv bhoc dbvc u`hopjupm btbp

u`hspmcho y`mbmp dcu`hpnc km`n u`tbhc y`ypbc apjmbn blbv bhoc sbho

dcnbycmlbhhsb ybbt ubh`h( U`ybhbh jchsbl blbv bhoc dbvc u`hopjupm

jchsbl lùbdb u`hspmcho uph y`mbmp dcpybnblbh t`vu`hpnc apjmbnhsb dbh

l`tùbtbh bltp y`vtb t`jubt u`hocvcjbhhsb(



f( Lch`vab u`hocvcjbh

Chdclbtkv lch`vab u`hocvcjbh bdbmbn u`hocvcjbh u`ybhbh tùbt bltp

dbh y`ypbc tbhoobm u`ybhbh sbho dcchochlbh lkhypj`h( U`ybhbh blbv bhoc

dbvc u`hopjupm btbp u`hspmcho l` u`tbhc dbh u`ybhbh jchsbl blbv bhoc

dbvc u`hopjupm jchsbl lùbdb u`hspmcho y`mbmp dcbhtbv dbh dct`vcjb y`ypbc

abdbm u`j`ybhbh( Aclb t`vabdc l`t`vmbjfbtbh dbmbj u`hocvcjbh- fcbybhsb

dclbv`hblbh km`n obhoopbh ipbib btbpuph t`vabdc l`vpyblbh ubdb bmbt

tvbhyukvtbyc sbho dcophblbh(

9( Jbhba`j`h byy`t vbhtbc ubyklbh

Chdclbtkv lch`vab dbvc jbhba`j`h byy`t bdbmbn yclmpy ibyn tk ibyn dbh

u`vy`dcbbh nbvcbh( Fkfkt yclmpy ibyn tk ibyn bdbmbn 5-252 dbh fkfkt u`vy`dcbbh

bdbmbn 5-252(

b( Yclmpy ibyn tk ibyn

Yclmpy ibyn tk ibyn j`h`vbholbh u`vuptbvbh l`pbhobh chdpytvc- jpmbc

dbvc u`jfbsbvbh fbnbh fblp l` u`jbykl- ybjubc u`jfbsbvbh uvkdpl dbvc

lkhypj`h( Yclmpy u`jfbsbvbh sbho dcmblplbh u`hopjupm blbv bhoc btbp

u`hspmcho sbho j`jf`mc blbv bhoc dbvc u`tbhc bdbmbn dcmblplbh d`hobh

ibvb tphbc( Fcbybhsb blbv bhoc sbho jbycn dc l`fph dbh f`mpj jbypl

jbyb ubh`h ypdbn dcf`mc km`n u`hopjupm blbv bhoc btbp u`hspmcho d`hobh

ycyt`j cakh( Y`dbholbh phtpl u`jfbsbvbh jchsbl blbv bhoc dbvc

u`hopjupm jchsbl lùbdb u`hspmcho fcbybhsb dcmblplbh j`mbmpc tvbhyg`v

dbh tphbc( U`jfbsbvbh dcmblplbh km`n u`hopjupm y`t`mbn jchsbl blbv

bhoc dct`vcjb(

f( U`vy`dcbbh nbvcbh

U`vy`dcbbh nbvcbh bdbmbn u`vy`dcbbh phtpl j`j`hpnc l`fptpnbhpybnb jchsbl blbv bhoc bubfcmb tcdbl bdb ubyklbh m`fcn mbhapt( Fboc

u`hspmcho- jchcjbm y`nbvc y`f`mpj j`mblplbh u`hspmchobh y`mbmp bdb

u`vy`dcbbh fbnbh fblp blbv bhoc( U`tbhc blbv bhoc tcdbl j`jcmclc

u`vy`dcbbh nbvcbh lbv`hb y`tcbu lbmc y`t`mbn ubh`h blbv bhoc blbh mbhoypho

dclcvcj l` t`jubt u`hopjupm blbv bhoc btbp u`hspmcho sbho t`mbn

j`j`ybhhsb(



4( Fcbsb vbhtbc ubyklbh

Wbvcbf`m fcbsb sbho dcplpv bdbmbn fcbsb uklkl uvkdplyc dbh fcbsb tktbm

vbhtbc ubyklbh( Fkfkt fcbsb uklkl uvkdplyc bdbmbn 5-257 dbh fkfkt fcbsb tktbm

vbhtbc ubyklbh bdbmbn 5-562(

b( Fcbsb uklkl uvkdplyc

Fcbsb uklkl uvkdplyc bdbmbn fcbsb sbho dcl`mpbvlbh phtpl j`jfpbt

ypbtp uvkdpl- dbvc fbnbh j`htbn j`habdc fbvbho abdc( Ubdb lbypy jchsbl

blbv bhoc chc- sbho j`ho`mpbvlbh fcbsb uklkl uvkdplyc bdbmbn u`tbhc dbh

u`hspmcho( Fcbsb uklkl uvkdplyc sbho dcl`mpbvlbh km`n u`tbhc bdbmbn fcbsb

fbnbh fblp blbv bhoc- fcbsb t`hbob l`vab dbh fcbsb phtpl upupl(

Y`dbholbh fcbsb uklkl uvkdplyc phtpl u`hspmchobh bdbmbn fcbsb fbnbh

fblp phtpl jchsbl blbv bhoc- fcbsb fbnbh fblbv- fcbsb u`hspyptbh bmbt

ypmcho- fcbsb mcytvcl- dbh sbho u`vmp dcu`vnbtclbh bdbmbn apjmbn v`hd`j`h

jchsbl sbho dcnbycmlbh(

f( Fcbsb tktbm jbhba`j`h vbhtbc ubyklbh

Fcbsb tktbm jbhba`j`h vbhtbc ubyklbh bdbmbn tktbm fcbsb sbho

dcl`mpbvlbh km`n chdpytvc dbmbj j`mblplbh u`hbhobhbh fbnbh jpmbc dbvc

u`jbykl ybjubc lkhypj`h( Fcbsb tktbm jbhba`j`h vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl

blbv bhoc chc t`vdcvc dbvc fcbsb tvbhyukvtbyc u`hocvcjbh blbv dbvc u`tbhc

l`ubdb u`hopjupm blbv bhoc btbp u`hspmcho- fcbsb tvbhyukvtbyc

u`hocvcjbh jchsbl blbv bhoc dbvc u`hspmcho l`ubdb u`hopjupm jchsbl-

dbh fcbsb uvky`y u`hspmchobh fboc u`hspmcho(

0( Gm`lycfcmctby vbhtbc ubyklbh

Wbvcbf`m gm`lycfcmctby sbho dcplpv bdbmbn gm`lycfcmctby vbhtbc ubyklbh

.5-222#( Gm`lycfcmctby vbhtbc ubyklbh bdbmbn bltp sbho dcfptpnlbh phtpl j`v`yukh vbhtbc ubyklbh sbho tcdbl dcv`hibhblbh- fbcl u`hpvphbh btbp

u`hcholbtbh u`vjchtbbh( U`vjchtbbh jchsbl blbv bhoc y`mbmp t`vabdc

u`hcholbtbh u`vjchtbbh y`tcbu tbnphhsb(

7( U`jbhgbbtbh mcjfbn uvkdpl

U`jbhgbbtbh mcjfbn uvkdpl t`vfboc j`habdc u`jbhgbbtbh mcjfbn ibcv

dbh u`jbhgbbtbh mcjfbn ubdbt( Fkfkt u`jbhgbbtbh mcjfbn ibcv bdbmbn 5-502

dbh fkfkt u`jbhgbbtbh mcjfbn ubdbt bdbmbn 5-502(



b( U`jbhgbbtbh mcjfbn ibcv

Mcjfbn ibcv sbho dcnbycmlbh dbvc chdpytvc jchsbl blbv bhoc chc

bdbmbn bcv nbycm u`hipicbh blbv bhoc- bcv nbycm ycyb u`hspmchobh blbv bhoc-

dbh bcv nbycm u`jcybnbh jchsbl d`hobh bcv( Mcjfbn ibcv nbycm ycyb

u`hspmchobh blbv bhoc tcdbl dcjbhgbbtlbh- t`tbuc mcjfbn t`vy`fpt mbhoypho

dcfpbho l` yphobc btbp l` ubvct*ubvct( J`hpvpt ubvb u`hspmcho- mcjfbn ibcv

sbho dcnbycmlbh dbvc chdpytvc chc tcdbl j`hobhdpho y`hsbb f`vfbnbsb sbho

dbubt j`vpybl mcholphobh(

f( U`jbhgbbtbh mcjfbn ubdbt

Mcjfbn ubdbt nbycm dbvc ycyb u`hspmchobh blbv bhoc f`vpub bjuby

blbv bhoc( U`hbhobhbh mcjfbn ubdbt ycyb nbycm u`hspmchobh blbv bhoc

y`fbocbh bdb sbho dcabdclbh upupl lkjuky- t`tbuc l`fbhsblbh dbvc

u`hspmcho j`jfpbho mcjfbn ubdbt t`vy`fpt( Bjuby t`vy`fpt nbhsb

dcfcbvlbh j`hpjupl dbh f`mpj bdb ykmpyc fbobcjbhb j`jbhgbbtlbhhsb(

Hbjph ubdb ybbt chc- u`jbhgbbtbh mcjfbn ubdbt sbho jbycn dbmbj uvky`y

v`bmcybyc bdbmbn dcabdclbh y`fbobc fbvbho l`vbachbh phtpl ncbybh- ukt- dbh

j`dcb tbhbj fphob(

Y`mbch mcjfbn ibcv dbh mcjfbn ubdbt sbho dcnbycmlbh dbvc chdpytvc

jchsbl blbv bhoc- t`vdbubt upmb mcjfbn pdbvb( Mcjfbn pdbvb f`vpub

lbvfkh- bybu nbycm ycyb u`jfblbvbh dbmbj uvky`y u`hspmchobh blbv bhoc(

Mcjfbn pdbvb chc t`vjbypl mcjfbn sbho iplpu f`vfbnbsb lbv`hb dbubt

j`hoblcfbtlbh ukmpyc pdbvb sbho j`hi`jbvc mcholphobh( T`tbuc- lbv`hb

ubfvcl u`hspmchobh f`vbdb iplpu abpn dbvc mklbyc u`jplcjbh u`hdpdpl-

mcjfbn pdbvb t`vy`fpt tcdbl ybjubc j`hi`jbvc mcholphobh y`lctbv sbho

dctchoobmc u`hdpdpl(J`tkd` u`hoplpvbh mcjfbn f`vjbibj*jbibj t`vobhtpho a`hcy

mcjfbn sbho dcnbycmlbh ubdb chdpytvc t`vy`fpt( Ubdb chdpytvc jchsbl blbv

bhoc chc- hcmbc u`hoplpvbh mcjfbn dbubt dcmcnbt dbvc yòc lpbhtctby dbh yòc

lpbmctbyhsb( U`hoplpvbh mcjfbn dbvc yòc lpbhtctby blbh t`vplpv apjmbn

mcjfbn sbho dcnbycmlbh dbvc uvky`y u`hspmchobh jchsbl blbv bhoc(

Y`dbholbh dbvc yòc lpbmctby- u`hoplpvbh mcjfbn dcplpv j`hpvpt

lbhdphobh fbnbh f`vfbnbsb sbho dbubt dcnbycmlbh km`n mcjfbn t`vy`fpt(



U`hoplpvbh mcjfbn dbvc y`oc lpbmctby dcmblplbh d`hobh pac mbfkvbtkvcpj

d`hobh uvky`dpv- j`tkd` u`hoplpvbh dbh bmbt plpv sbho t`mbn dct`htplbh

y`ypbc a`hcy mcjfbnhsb(

Chdclbtkv u`hoplpvbh lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc

Lbfpubt`h Obvpt t`vdcvc dbvc wbvcbf`m btvcfpt lch`vab( F`vdbybvlbh fkfkt chdclbtkv

lch`vab- dcdbubtlbh chdclbtkv lch`vab sbho j`habdc uvckvctby sbctp bltp tphoop

u`j`hpnbh u`ybhbh- u`j`hpnbh u`ybhbh y`jupvhb- yclmpy ibyn tk ibyn- fcbsb

uklkl uvkdplyc- gm`lycfcmctby vbhtbc ubyklbhdbh u`hokmbnbh mcjfbn ubdbt(

Tbnbu t`vblncv dbvc u`vbhibhobh u`hoplpvbh lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh

jchsbl blbv bhoc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt bdbmbn j`jfpbt lbvtp OYIKV .OYIKV

yikv # d`hobh hcmbc*hcmbc fkfkt sbho t`mbn dcdbubt dbvc u`vnctphobh d`hobh j`tkd`

BNU( btvcfpt dbh chdclbtkv lch`vab OYIKV vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc

Lbfpubt`h Obvpt dbubt dcmcnbt ubdb Tbf`m 7(

Tbf`m 7( Btvcfpt dbh chdclbtkv lch`vab OYIKV vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv

bhoc Lbfpubt`h Obvpt

Btvcfpt Lch`vab Chdclbtkv Lch`vab Fkfkt

V`yukhycwctby Vbhtbc Ubyklbh _bltp Tphoop U`j`hpnbh U`ybhbh 5-642

V`mcbfcmctby Vbhtbc Ubyklbh U`j`hpnbh U`ybhbh Y`jupvhb 5-222

Lch`vab U`hocvcjbh 5-257

Jbhba`j`h Byy`t Vbhtbc Ubyklbh Yclmpy Ibyn tk Ibyn 5-252

U`vy`dcbbh Nbvcbh 5-252

Fcbsb Vbhtbc Ubyklbh Fcbsb Uklkl Uvkdplyc 5-257

Fcbsb Tktbm Jbhba`j`h Vbhtbc

Ubyklbh

5-562

Gm`lycfcmctby Vbhtbc Ubyklbh Gm`lycfcmctby Vbhtbc Ubyklbh 5-222

U`hokmbnbh Mcjfbn Uvkdpl U`jbhgbbtbh Mcjfbn Ibcv 5-502

U`jbhgbbtbh Mcjfbn Ubdbt 5-502

Cd`htcgclbyc U`vykbmbh U`hi`jbvbh Mcholphobh Ubdb Y`tcbu Bhooktb Vbhtbc

Ubyklbh Jchsbl Blbv _bhoc

Ubdb u`tbhc- u`hi`jbvbh mcholphobh fcyb dcblcfbtlbh aclb ubdb ybbt

j`hbhbj blbv bhoc j`hoophblbh upupl bhkvobhcl sbho j`hobhdpho fbnbh

lcjcb f`vfbnbsb sbho dbubt j`hi`jbvc l`ypfpvbh tbhbn( Ubdb u`hspmcho- ukt`hyc

u`hi`jbvbh mcholphobh dbubt t`vabdc blcfbt bltcgctby u`hspmchobh sbho dcmblplbh

u`hspmcho- y`u`vtc ukmpyc pdbvb sbho dcnbycmlbh km`n i`vkfkho bybu dbvc bmbt

ypmcho( Y`mbch ctp- ukt`hyc u`hi`jbvbh mcholphobh apob dcy`fbflbh km`n i`jbvbh



pdbvb dbvc ukmpyc bmbt tvbhyukvtbyc sbho t`vabdc ubdb jbtb vbhtbc u`hopjupm blbv

bhoc dbh u`hopjupm jchsbl blbv bhoc( Bmbt tvbhyukvtbyc t`vy`fpt dcophblbh

phtpl j`hobholpt blbv bhoc dbvc u`tbhc l` ubhopjupm blbv bhoc btbp

u`hspmcho- dbh phtpl j`hobholpt jchsbl blbv bhoc dbvc u`hspmcho l`

u`hopjupm jchsbl blbv bhoc btbp `lyukvtcv(

4(9( Cjumclbyc Jbhba`vcbm

Cd`htcgclbyc vbhtbc ubykl jbjup j`hd`ylvcuyclbh vbhtbc ubykl jchsbl

blbv bhoc( F`vdbybvlbh nbycm u`h`mctcbh- uvckvctby t`vtchooc dbmbj uvky`y vbhtbc

ubykl bdbmbn uvky`y u`v`hibhbbh( Dbmbj uvky`y vbhtbc ubyklbh nbvpy dcmblplbh

u`v`hibhbbh sbho t`vytvpltpv bobv dcdbubtlbh jchsbl blbv bhoc sbho

f`vlpbmctby( Uvckvctby t`vtchooc dbvc btvcfpt lch`vab bdbmbn v`yukhycwctby vbhtbc

ubyklbh sbho f`vpub bltp tphoop u`j`hpnbh u`ybhbh( Ubvb u`mblp chdpytvc

jchsbl blbv bhoc dbmbj vbhtbc ubyklbh nbvpy iùbt tbhoobu phtpl j`hscbulbh

uvkdpl lùbdb u`mbhoobh( Lch`vab bltp tphoop u`j`hpnbh u`ybhbh nbvpy

dctcholbtlbh bobv ubvb u`mbhoobh y`mbmp j`h`vcjb uvkdpl y`ypbc u`ybhbh dbh

d`hobh bltp sbho tùbt(



L@YCJUPMBH DBH YBVBH

2( L`ycjupmbh

b( Blbv bhoc sbho t`mbn dcubh`h km`n u`tbhc dcf`mc km`n u`hopjupm blbv

bhoc btbp u`hspmcho- dbh bdb apob u`tbhc sbho j`mblplbh u`hspmchobh

y`hdcvc( Nbycm ypmchobh jchsbl blbv bhoc dbvc u`hspmcho mbhoypho dcapbm

dbh dclcvcj l`ubdb u`hopjupm jchsbl blbv bhoc btbp mbhoypho l`

`lyukvtcv(

f( Vbhibhobh chdclbtkv lch`vab vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc

f`vdbybvlbh u`hd`lbtbh OYIKV t`vdcvc dbvc `jubt tcholbtbh- sbctp tpapbh-

uvky`y vbhtbc ubykl- btvcfpt lch`vab- dbh chdclbtkv lch`vab( F`vdbybvlbh

u`vnctphobh BNU- uvky`y vbhtbc ubykl j`habdc uvckvctby ptbjb bdbmbn

uvky`y u`v`hibhbbh .5-040#( Y`dbholbh phtpl btvcfpt lch`vab sbho j`habdc

uvckvctby ptbjb bdbmbn v`yukhycwctby vbhtbc ubyklbh .5-642#(

i( Chdclbtkv lch`vab sbho j`habdc uvckvctby f`vdbybvlbh btvcfpt lch`vabhsb

bdbmbn bltp tphoop u`j`hpnbh u`ybhbh .5-642#- u`j`hpnbh u`ybhbh

y`jupvhb .5-222#- yclmpy ibyn tk ibyn .5-252#- fcbsb uklkl uvkdplyc.5-257#- gm`lycfcmctby vbhtbc ubyklbh .5-222# dbh u`hokmbnbh mcjfbn ubdbt

.5-502#(

6( Ybvbh

b( U`vmp dcbdblbhhsb u`h`mctcbh m`fcn mbhapt t`htbho u`hoplpvbh lch`vab

vbhtbc ubyklbh jchsbl blbv bhoc d`hobh u`hd`lbtbh Ov``h Ypuums

Inbch Ku`vbtckhy V`g`v`hi` bobv dbubt dcl`tbnpc m`fcn dbmbj jbhba`j`h

lch`vab sbho f`vlbctbh d`hobh byu`l mcholphobh dbh j`ju`vnbtclbh m`w`m

ptbjb .m`w`m 2#- lbt`okvc uvky`y .m`w`m 6#- `m`j`h uvky`y .m`w`m 9#- dbh

cjum`j`htbyc m`w`m .m`w`m 4# dbmbj OYIKV(

f( U`vmp bdbhsb lkjphclbyc- l`t`vfplbbh- l`vabybjb- dbh l`jctvbbh sbho

t`vabmch bhtbv bhooktb vbhtbc ubyklbh bobv dbubt j`hcholbtlbh lch`vab

vbhtbc ubyklbh(



DBGTBV UPYTBLB

Byvcm( 6553( Bhbmcycy Lkhdcyc dbh D`ybch Chdclbtkv Lch`vab Vbhtbc Ubyklbh Fvklkmc. Fvbyycib Km`vì`b`# dc Y`htvb Nkvtclpmtpvb Icubhby ’ Icbhapv- Abb Fbvbt(

Ylvcuyc ubdb Dùbvt`j`h Jbhba`j`h( Gblpmtby @lkhkjc dbh Jbhba`j`h(

Chytctpt U`vtbhcbh Fkokv- Fkokv(

G`cdbvtk- U(D( 2337( Uvky`y Ncvbvlc Bhbmctcl . Bhbmstcibm Nc`vbvins Uvki`yy#( Jbt`vc

Lpvypy Ycholbt( Apvpybh T`lhkmkoc Chdpytvc U`vtbhcbh( Chytctpt U`vtbhcbh Fkokv-

Fkokv(

N`cq`v- A dbh F( V`hd`v( 6525( Jbhba`j`h Ku`vbyc( Ybm`jfb @jubt- Ablbvtb(

nttu1+ +(dcta`hfph(dùtbh(ok(cd( dcbly`y ubdb \25 J`c 6522Z

nttu1++(obvptlbf(ok(cd( dcbly`y ubdb \25 J`c 6522Z

nttu1++(ychbvtbhc(ikj( dcbly`y ubdb \4 J`c 6522Z

MJC( 6559( Ov``hYIKV1 D`w`mkucho b Ov``h Ypuums Inbch Bhbmstcibm Tkkm( _kvlcho

Ubu`v(

Jbvcjch dbh Jbongcvkn( 6525( Bumclbyc T`lhcl u`hobjfcmbh Lùptpybh dbmbj

Jbhba`j`h Vbhtbc Ubykl( CUF Uv`yy- Fkokv(

Jpmsbtc- Y`tcbbh dbh Vpymc( 6553( Vbhibho Fbhoph Ycyt`j Jbhba`j`h Vbhtbc Ubyklbhdbh Vcyclk Jchsbl Blbv _bhoc F`vfbycy CLJ dc Chdkh`ycb ( M`jfbob U`h`mctcbh

dbh U`hobfdcbh Lùbdb Jbysbvblbt( Chytctpt U`vtbhcbh Fkokv(

Upabbh- C( 6550( Ypuums Inbch Jbhbo`j`ht ( Ophb _cdsb- Ypvbfbsb(

Ybbts- M( 2332( U`hobjfcmbh Lùptpybh Fboc Ubvb U`jcjuch( Upytblb Fchbjbh

Uv`yychdk- Ablbvtb Upybt(

Y`tcbbh- Jpmsbtc dbh Ypvkyk( 6522( L`vbholb U`hoplpvbh Lch`vab ubdb Ov``h Ypuums

Inbch Jbhbo`j`ht ubdb Kvbho` Fkkl 9 Ov``h @ikhkjs J`hpap U`jfbhophbh

F`vl`mbhaptbh( CUF Uv`yy- Fkokv(

Ycbocbh- J( 6550( Bumclbyc Ypuums Inbch Jbhbo`j`ht dbmbj Dphcb Fcyhcy( Ovbj`dcb

_cdcbybvbhb Chdkh`ycb- Ablbvtb(

Ypuums Inbch Ikphicm( 6557( Ypuums Inbch Ku`vbtckhy V`g`v`hi` Jkd`m W`vyckh 7(5(

_kvlcho Ubu`v(

Tphoobm- B_( 6553( Ypuums Inbch Jbhbo`j`ht .Jbhba`j`h Vbhtbc Ubyklbh#(

Nbvwbvchdk- Ablbvtb(

_cfkk( 6553( Jbhba`j`h Lch`vab( Vbab Ovbgchdk U`vlbyb- Ablbvtb(




http://www.sinartani.com/







Mbjucvbh 2( Nbycm U`hokmbnbh d`hobh @~u`vt Inkci`



Mbhaptbh Mbjucvbh 2(

rancangan pengukuran kinerja rantai pasokan minyak akar wangi di kabupaten garut dengan pendekatan...

Documents