quality control method of herbal medicine

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 QUALITY CONTROL METHOD OF HERBAL MEDICINE  Agustina Setiawati, M.Sc., A pt

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Page 1: Quality Control Method of Herbal Medicine

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QUALITY CONTROL METHOD OFHERBAL MEDICINE

 Agustina Setiawati, M.Sc., Apt

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Yang dianalisis

y Simplisia utuh

y Serbuk simplisia

y

Ekstrak simplisia

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SAMPLING

Sample in Bulk

1 batch: 6- 50 unit, sampel yg diambil 5 unit

1 batch > 50 unit, sampel yg diambil 10% paling

mendekati dengan jumlah kelipatan 10

Sample in retail package

Karton ambil sampel pada bagian atas,

tengah, bawahBungkus diambil secara acak menggunakan

tangan dengan kedalaman +/- 10 cm

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y Setelah pengambilan sampel, diamati:

SAMPLING...

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QC OF HERBAL MEDICINE

1.  Analisis makroskopik dan mikroskopik

2. Penetapan kadar abu

3. Penetapan bahan terekstraksi

4. Penetapan cemaran mikroba5. Penetapan arsen dan logam toksik

6. Penetapan minyak atsiri

7. Penetapan kadar tanin

8. Penetapan aktivitas hemolisis9. Penetapan indeks busa

10. Penetapan residu pestisida

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Analisis makroskopik

y Petunjuk khusus adalah morfologi dan ciri-ciri

organoleptik. Simplisia dipisah-pisahkan satu

dari lainnya sesuai dengan ciri-ciri morfologis

serta ciri lainnya( bau, warna, ukuran,tekstur)kemudian setiap simplisia ditimbang.

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ANALISIS MIKROSKOPIK

y Kualitas obat herbal dapat ditentukan oleh

ada/tidaknya dan jumlah sel tertentu

y Yang biasa diamati secara mikroskopik:

1. Amilum2. Aleuron

3. Sel lemak

4. Minyak

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y Reagen yang digunakan:

1. Kloralhidrat

melarutkan amilum, aleuron, lemak dan

minyak

best reagen for kalsium oksalat (use heat)

2. Laktokloral

sama dgn kloralhidrat tetapi digunakan

dingin

ANALISIS MIKROSKOPIK ...

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y Reagen yang digunakan:

3. Laktofenol

bagus untuk mengamati amilum

dapat digunakan dalam keadaan panas dan

dingin

Ca-oksalat terlihat jelas

4. Na-hipoklorit

5. Xylene R dan petroleum R

ANALISIS MIKROSKOPIK ...

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Deteksi histokimia (dinding sel, stomata)

Paling sering: INDEKS STOMATA

digunakan pada sediaan herbal yg

menggunakan daun

ANALISIS MIKROSKOPIK ...

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a.  Anomositik

Ranunculaceae

b.  Anisositik

Cruciferaceae

c. DiasitikCaryophyaceae

d. Parasitik

Rubiaceae

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Perhitungan Indeks Stomata

a. Penetapan dilakukan pada 10 pengamatan,

indeks stomata hasil perhitungan adalahindeks stomata rata-rata

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Analisis Mikroskopik lain

1. NISBAH PALISADE ?

2. PULAU TULANG D AUN ?

3. METODE LIKOPODIUM ?

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PENETAPAN KADAR ABU

Metode penetapan kadar abu dibedakan menjadi 3,

yaitu:

1. Kadar abu total

2. Kadar abu larut air 3. Kadar abu larut asam

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PENETAPAN KADAR ZAT

TEREKSTRAKSI

Penetapan jumlah konstituen aktif yang

terekstraksi dalam pelarut

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PENETAPAN KADAR ZAT

TEREKSTRAKSI ...

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PENETAPAN KADAR AIR

Mengapa air perlu diketahui kadarnya?

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mmmm

y X Bbbznnznnnnnn

Metode Distilasi Toluen/Azeotrop

1. Simplisia/jamu yg mengandung 2-3 ml air dimasukkan dalam flask

2. Masukkan porous porcelain,

panaskan

3. Panaskan perlahan 15¶, setelah

mendidih hitung kecepatan 2 -4tetes per detik

4. Setelah air terdestilasi semua, cuci

pendingin dengan toluen (baca

volume air-n)

5. Lanjutkan destilasi 5¶

6. Hasil distilasi didiamkan supayavolume air dan toluen memisah

7. Baca volume air (n1)

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Perhitungan Kadar Air 

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y Metode GR AVIMETRI

PENETAPAN KADAR AIR...

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ANALISIS CEMARANLOGAM BERAT

 Agustina Setiawati, M.Sc., Apt

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PENDAHULUANPENDAHULUAN

y Prinsip : Menentukan kandungan logam berat

secara spektroskopi serapan atom

y Tujuan : memberi jaminan ekstrak tidak

mengandung logam berat tertentu (Pb, Cd, As)

melebihi nilai yang ditetapkan karena toksik

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PENDAHULUANPENDAHULUAN

y Batas nilai:

Pb 10 mg/kg

Cd 0,3 mg/kg

 As 10 ug /kg

y Efek logam berat

 As: astroenteritis,,kelumpuhan,diare

hiperkeratosis,daya reflek menurun

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y Cd :sakit kepala, gangguan saluran

penafasan,gangguan kardiovaskuler,hipertensi

y Pb : anemia,gangguan fungsi tiroid,gangguan

ginjal.

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Lampu katodaLampu katoda

y Pb pada panjang gelombang 217,0 nm

y Cd pada panjang gelombang 228,8 nm

y As pada panjang gelombang 193,7 nm

y (SNI 06-6992.3-2004)

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Pembuatan kurva bakuPembuatan kurva baku

y Baku Pb,Cd,As dibuat dalam beberapa seri

konsetrasi dalam pelarut asam nitrat.

y Baca absorbsinya sesuai panjang gelombang

sesuai jenis logam.

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Preparasi sampelPreparasi sampel

y Ekstrak ditambah asam nitrat dan asam

perklorat pekat , panaskan sampai jernih,

pemanasan dilanjutkan 30 menit.Dinginkan ,

tambah air.

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y Asam nitrat melarutkan logam

y 4HNO3 ----2H2O + 4NO + 3 O2

y 2 Pb + O2 ----2PbO

y PbO + 2H+ +2NO3- -Pb(NO3)2 +H2O

y Menghilangkan kelebihan asam nitrat

y HClO4---HCl + 2O2

y 2HNO3 + O2 ---H2O +N2O3 + 2O2

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Pembuatan kurva bakuPembuatan kurva baku

y Baku Pb,Cd,As dibuat dalam beberapa seri

konsetrasi dalam pelarut asam nitrat.

y Baca absorbansinya sesuai panjang

gelombang sesuai jenis logam.

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y Buat kurva hubungan antara absorbansi

dengan konsentrasi

y Cari persamaan kurva baku

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Pengukuran sampelPengukuran sampel

y Sampel diukur pada panjang gelombang

sesuai jenis logam.

y Absorbansi masukan persamaan kurva baku

sehingga diperoleh kadar logam berat

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T U G A ST U G A S

1. Penetapan cemaran pestisida

2. Penetapan indeks busa

3. Penetapan cemaran mikroba4. Penetapan minyak atsiri

5. Penetapan kadar tanin

6. Penetapan aktivitas hemolisis