LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM KONSERVASI SUMBERDAYA PERIKANAN ACARA IKONSERVASI MANGROVE

Disusun Oleh: Brifnita Karlina R. 11517

JURUSAN PERIKANAN FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA YOGYAKARTA 2011

PENDAHULUANLatar Belakang Pesisir merupakan wilayah perbatasan antara daratan dan laut, oleh karena itu wilayah ini dipengaruhi oleh proses-proses yang ada di darat maupun yang ada di laut. Wilayah demikian disebut sebagai ekoton, yaitu daerah transisi yang sangat tajam antara dua atau lebih komunitas (Odum, 1983 dalam Kaswadji, 2001). Sebagai daerah transisi, ekoton dihuni oleh organisme yang berasal dari kedua komunitas tersebut, yang secara berangsur-angsur menghilang dan

diganti oleh spesies lain yang merupakan ciri ekoton, dimana seringkali kelimpahannya lebih besar dari dari komunitas yang mengapitnya. Sebagai salah satu ekosistem pesisir, hutan mangrove merupakan ekosistem yang unik dan rawan. Ekosistem ini mempunyai fungsi ekologis dan ekonomis. Fungsi ekologis hutan mangrove antara lain pelindung garis pantai, mencegah intrusi air laut, habitat (tempat tinggal), tempat mencari makan (feeding ground), tempat asuhan dan pembesaran (nursery ground), tempat pemijahan (spawning ground) bagi aneka biota perairan, serta sebagai pengatur iklim mikro. Sedangkan fungsi ekonominya antara lain penghasil keperluan rumah tangga, penghasil keperluan industri, dan penghasil bibit. Sebagian manusia dalam memenuhi keperluan hidupnya dengan mengintervensi ekosistem mangrove. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari adanya alih fungsi lahan (mangrove) menjadi tambak, pemukiman, industri, dan sebagainya maupun penebangan oleh masyarakat untuk berbagai keperluan. Dampak ekologis akibat berkurang dan rusaknya ekosistem mangrove adalah hilangnya berbagai spesies flora dan fauna yang berasosiasi dengan ekosistem mangrove, yang dalam jangka panjang akan mengganggu keseimbangan ekosistem mangrove khususnya dan ekosistem pesisir umumnya. Beberapa kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan kelestarian mangrove perlu digalangkan untuk mencapai perikanan yang berkelanjutan. . Tujuan Memberikan pemahaman tentang vegetasi yang ada di ekosistem mangrove Mengetahui karakteristik hutan mangrove di Tahuna,Bali Manfaat Melatih mahasiswa agar mampu memberikan gambaran mengenai pengaruh atau peranan suatu jenis tumbuhan mangrove dalam komunitas mangrove. D. Waktu dan Tempat Praktikum Konservasi Sumberdaya Perikanan Acara Konservasi Mangrove dilaksanakan pada: Praktikum Lapangan Hari / tanggal : Minggu, 17 April 2011

Jam Tempat

: 09.00 WITA selesai : Kawasan Wisata Hutan Mangrove , Tahura, Ngurah Rai Bali

Pengamatan, Pengukuran pH dan Salinitas Hari / tanggal : Kamis, 21 April 2011 Jam Tempat perikanan, Fakultas pertanian, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. : 13.30 selesai : Laboratorium Manajemen Sumberdaya perikanan, Jurusan

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA Taman Wisata Alam Prapat Benoa ditetapkan sebagai TAHURA Ngurah Rai berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Kehutanan No. 544/Kpts-II/1993 tanggal 25 September 1993 dengan luas 1.373,50 Ha. TAHURA Ngurah Rai secara administrasi pemerintahan terletak di Kecamatan Kuta Kabupaten Badung dan Kecamatan Denpasar Kotamadya Denpasar Propinsi Bali, sedangkan secara geografis TAHURA Ngurah Rai terletak pada 1159-11514 Bujur Timur dan 849 Lintang Selatan. Pengelolaan kawasan berada pada Sub Seksi KSDA Badung, Sub Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Bali, Kanwil Departemen Kehutanan Propinsi Bali. Sedangkan secara keseluruhan memiliki konfigurasi lapangan dimana darat dipengaruhi oleh pasang surut

air laut dan lereng menurun ke arah timur, dengan ketinggian antara 0-3 m di atas permukaan laut (Anonim,2011). Hutan mangrove merupakan hutan yang terdapat di daerah pantai yang selalu atau secara teratur tergenang air laut dan terpengaruh oleh pasang surut air laut tetapi tidak terpengaruh oleh iklim. Sedangkan daerah pantai adalah daratan yang terletak di bagian hilir Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) yang berbatasan dengan laut dan masih dipengaruhi oleh pasang surut, dengan kelerengan kurang dari 8% (Departemen Kehutanan, 1994 dalam Santoso, 2000). Menurut Nybakken (1992), hutan mangrove adalah sebutan umum yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan suatu varietas komunitas pantai tropik yang didominasi oleh beberapa spesies pohon-pohon yang khas atau semak-semak yang mempunyai kemampuan untuk tumbuh dalam perairan asin. Hutan mangrove meliputi pohon-pohon dan semak yang tergolong ke dalam 8 famili, dan terdiri atas 12 genera tumbuhan berbunga: Avicennie, Sonneratia, Rhyzophora, Bruguiera, Ceriops, Xylocarpus, Lummitzera, Laguncularia, Aegiceras, Aegiatilis, Snaeda, dan Conocarpus (Bengen,2000). Kata mangrove mempunyai dua arti, pertama sebagai komunitas, yaitu komunitas atau masyarakat tumbuhan atau hutan yang tahan terhadap kadar garam/salinitas (pasang surut air laut); dan kedua sebagai individu spesies (Macnae, 1968 dalam Supriharyono, 2000). Supaya tidak rancu, Macnae menggunakan istilah mangal apabila berkaitan dengan komunitas hutan dan mangrove untuk individu tumbuhan. Hutan mangrove oleh masyarakat sering disebut pula dengan hutan bakau atau hutan payau. Namun menurut Khazali (1998), penyebutan mangrove sebagai bakau nampaknya kurang tepat karena bakau merupakan salah satu nama kelompok jenis tumbuhan yang ada di mangrove. Ekosistem mangrove adalah suatu sistem di alam tempat berlangsungnya kehidupan yang mencerminkan hubungan timbal balik antara makhluk hidup dengan lingkungannya dan diantara makhluk hidup itu sendiri, terdapat pada wilayah pesisir, terpengaruh pasang surut air laut, dan didominasi oleh spesies pohon atau semak yang khas dan mampu tumbuh dalam perairan asin/payau (Santoso, 2000). Dalam suatu paparan mangrove di suatu daerah tidak harus terdapat semua jenis spesies mangrove (Hutching and Saenger, 1987 dalam Idawaty, 1999). Formasi hutan mangrove dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti kekeringan, energi gelombang, kondisi pasang surut,

sedimentasi, mineralogi, efek neotektonik (Jenning and Bird, 1967 dalam Idawaty, 1999). Sedangkan IUCN (1993), menyebutkan bahwa komposisi spesies dan karakteristik hutan mangrove tergantung pada faktor-faktor cuaca, bentuk lahan pesisir, jarak antar pasang surut air laut, ketersediaan air tawar, dan tipe tanah. Hutan mangrove juga dapat dibagi menjadi zonasi-zonasi berdasarkan jenis vegetasi yang dominan, mulai dari arah laut ke darat sebagai berikut: Zona Avicennia, terletak paling luar dari hutan yang berhadapan langsung dengan laut. Zona ini umumnya memiliki substrat lumpur lembek dan kadar salinitas tinggi. Zona ini merupakan zona pioner karena jenis tumbuhan yang ada memilliki perakaran yang kuat untuk menahan pukulan gelombang, serta mampu membantu dalam proses penimbunan sedimen. Zona Rhizophora, terletak di belakang zona Avicennia. Substratnya masih berupa lumpur lunak, namun kadar salinitasnya agak rendah. Mangrove pada zona ini masih tergenang pada saat air pasang. Zona Bruguiera, terletak di balakang zona Rhizophora dan memiliki substrat tanah berlumpur keras. Zona ini hanya terendam pada saat air pasang tertinggi atau 2 kali dalam sebulan. Zona Nypa, merupakan zona yang paling belakang dan berbatasan dengan daratan (Pramudji, 2000) 0100090000038e9e01000000d9bc000000001610000026060f002220574d464301000000 000001004026000000000f000000002000006ca001006cc00100010000006c000000000000000 00000008f010000ee000000000000000000000015370000fc20000020454d46000001006cc0010 00c00000001000000000000000000000000000000000400005802000069010000d40000000000 000000000000000000001c830500d23a0300460000002c00000020000000454d462b014001001 c000000100000000210c0db010000006000000060000000460000002045000014450000454d46 2b224004000c000000000000001e4009000c00000000000000244001000c00000000000000304 0020010000000040000000000803f214007000c00000000000000084000056c44000060440000 0210c0db010000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000ffd8ffe000104a46494600 010100000100010000fffe003b43524541544f523a2067642d6a7065672076312e302028757369 6e6720494a47204a50454720763632292c207175616c697479203d2036390affdb0043000a0707 0907060a0908090b0b0a0c0f19100f0e0e0f1e161712192420262523202322282d3930282a362b

2223324432363b3d4040402630464b453e4a393f403dffdb0043010b0b0b0f0d0f1d10101d3d29 23293d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d 3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3d3dffc200110800ef019003012200021101031101ffc4001b00000 203010101000000000000000000000004020305010607ffc40014010100000000000000000000 000000000000ffda000c03010002100310000001f641826f19960f8883c220f08f07c4f83a220f08 f47443a3c220f087478441e110784783e23d1d1488e8883c240e8844d133c340ceb0744eb340cde 9a1dcde9a261ee06669e61a600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 0077822ea2f1dcdd2cc34c00000000000000000000000000000ef0a4bb885630caab9a6675c3a67 4c7884c02a2d14e0e10980000093a93a199a7986980000000000000000000000000001509df260 e556f4842ea85b8dc88f127c5aa6d025a11b0ef200ababda58000024ea2f06669e61a60000000000 000000000000000703b45d9c3d655680564a470ec6359285cb8caae40ec95645ae8709554aa6a5f 190002ad28d86669e11ba2098ef5674ba6ad2682f5b2532b282e9d7d24997143945e4926942635 415d3a35105ee80f73b596e768e39a33ae45d45e118d912343490dceacc34251b88aeda23ddaf10 9cf3ea37df45e0cbd4cc1f854d15595f012d34873bd08c6ab8e767410beba8bcb781caef21cec48df 4cc393c13459ccd73a83b926c47b596f0a494b32e2567541d5ae58d18ad58355658caf93c17b93d 237757037496669e38b6b7785938584d26d21e004985dc20bf738d54fbd2cb2151735939a693e9 3e23a59351a14666d0b434aa124b6b387e6dd620a5f796c2cb0bb94405966603972ab0a79f76b1 3b343ce9a7cc391b9f41f9a7d2c30b772c72c5a635ce74e285e4b3af09b3ce15c0913b6bb4156930 69274c7d5cbd62889c2aa99e9c9b619fcb3a399da39a4a2d2632da6e0b46b99593892a9699e5b05 a64cdddf59a4789d8f41c3cdfa645e0cbd4cc3416b9611d6ad52e936b14df9f60ea4e4cce6e898fca 9ac12b02d8552231b6934927f0471ca5b2e004679ad9a599a5e74d9525966d35e7e268728cd341 19da5487a87ccdd098576f9f5cf5062ed083e8bc19ba5943693741a0b4ae3905ed33daa5c208696 50cb74266a276f0aedcbd2253cca8d8a1168d0a91a47f4bcc691ae8b5e6c5675d07acc0cc60b93da d93c8b9eaa666bb60557000000046400022f22f079df458e1ade337cbeccb4cd9827947ab46dc53 7d0597396db9e6dc5660bb25e5cb145eb37958da24fe4c8d0f3db3b879367d75c61bcf74a7b6e59 a5df3f03d14bced86e99ba600000000000008bc8bc18fb198427a619991bd233f27d570c14fd3b0 7963d570f187b4e9e4a1ec030d6f4941e6dd7ef318dda85356be9300000000008c8000000000000 00000049d45e0cdd2ca356bb0323bac18f0db0c5da000000000166431acd50c39ec8645fa000000 000000000000000000000000009b8ab4193ac19fd7c33cd00439a019fd7c101f0407c11e3e088f0 23c7c10ebc080f821d78101f0478f8203e08f1f0cf34033faf86749f0407c10ebc080f867474c32b5 40fffc400311000020103030204050402030100000000020301000411121314102105223335202

331323430404150152425424344ffda0008010100010502febb3f09832e2f02cb4c716b8b5c5ae2 d716b8d5c5a8b7c54db66b8b5c5ae2d71ab8b5c5ae2d716b8b5c5ae2d716b8b5c5ae35716b8b51 6f88e3d45b62b8bdf8d5c79ae3571a6238855c59ae2ce3893516f31536f35c62cf10ab8855c42a9b 529a7a0d2a8fa52fdc7faebdfc58fa507b8ff5d7bf8d1f4a0f71fde15d280a0a0a3359fd7bbfc7e81ee 3fb9368ae375e544f82a062a890402b52591c708adc6aab79835139ea47a6b9115c95d094147c37 7e8f40f71fdc4e6e182801e843aaa06068c75431399e46998989afac682c32ec560916b27bf4c563 69ff000ddfa1d03dc7f6ec385ad03a1758eba6772739c57e39ff00d62674ab493c6bf889cd0e69e3a 9413a83e0bbf47a07b8feddb1aa0e2663ac4f59288a60ea5db96ab7a78f68e84522dfe666944229d c8dceb71e9f40f71fda66b3d19e7bc93c174d592e9258a38a9fa5b7e3d17db6ddedb34d1d6b59ea4 c2f76b8aa4547c171dd5d03dc7a39f20412e3a18c4742688d6faeb720a06667ab2ed4aadc71d0e71 5b870e6934457920e2aa98a25079894aed7359ef5073cb83cb31e7a929864f780080019cd5c7a23 188a71695ac742e3eb711957475e18a9b7c312c891b7e86bd5e2216c1823851aa65927daa64972f ba14d2a1bd34c54a42824a44a2662564c905804677022a4734f9f99fc2d7a3a7954bb6cf1db30bb 8ad03aeb419dc297b6065a7e092818cd116b74969979931fb5e7e99dd79c41089995389609b15e ecdd7a5d07dc731915e92ec3334662036ea8054454ce2a4b1051322513203130232cdea20d54c5 c306a63350388118185ac57d34f98860a2dfb5444e6ade72cf824f054db8054257a05abdc1b7088 3fe4b18276ed0c42c2eaeb441320c0981b7683050724569d03dc4c81271398f36e984c9e3b08c2d bd00e6591dba648403104866be93de23508d4ce200e18bd3e71ce26aeee0c9fe1ce86a7a259a4aa 231353229116139912c708a8044278ecdcf988f421b32b3493c474a1774e016b4f6ca2f485d01f3 04b66ca19371e1a3181a0f72f14742851d92191102831ab8fb3a3bc8667a20cb4825baa22475a8c 5420c1997ce12a3928ab83961ae3696253bd572e85ad082197a060a02ee805fb8b83156ebabe715 6eef26eed86108a5f91f9a28828d02a3f454becedc8d5777030576d2719c6edb4b36bc3e30ba372a 15e1f2c20e9058f15688b20434d461753e5889cc3bbb7a3fcc5441310b320add902362ca92b8817 2842dfcc0cbae5ebb48c2f6c4ab49e580d2559aa52d6118544f6390d0b8db5dbc4f1e993a576d1e5 bbee098c13122d850e812b950924e1cc05c458e70ebc2802bd2198beb5d4037164b73dc24e6309 ac023d3e1f0ddde84f14f8a640ebeb3d42771f9a0713ae85723d1fe848e10af4ba5c7a773f8f4b164 02e72b4fda9fab435b61526dd921804c44dece2d263e755f968b35794ae2637d3f750f79b6c71d1 ddc9ec86621579e8dca646a5ac2a5a8db5fe30e156be0e4525e108d5fe3976cee91ee2cb75905bcff 00af139e8e3ecb0801701495aaf4a73dff009b9fc76f642bd2e8f9abafc7ace6dbe956fe8db7d0bf32 dfb8f4b91d41319b8abeef6f1eb3bbdfa672ca433595afe3a2a26b7f58f295c6749dc127c35ccab5b 31b74e3adcf50f722fb5580b5033494f9c38c18437701c7aadc8f441362098b61ccb774ee7b5b0fd

b4c6c042f593ae3ec73f151895b258da5fa6b742d092cbad7f1ba3e7cff00fd3577e6288ff63eef125 7ae4620368bc1cb766df73e59bf6ef192b5db4aae6e2136a20b11d312d019eb75d43dc5bd951dac b443108994953522c9c4ecc4e5e92d49ecc5c184b2f6716c13917336c34765b776e2f8a6052a818 4c791efaffcecd7babedc84c615d2e1c1fe4147aef2b91137fbebe56e18de81e6e5b7b0cb92bd5031 4c6bcd36b74403e0e332ab152a71dfa5d5ab1971adb9d373aeae7a87b8dc4e2dd9702203dc1cbd5 43f64b9715192b39085127ca645a5ca54036e170f4a67e40c4bae19f3c9303a9ba2e5467fea47dd2 11acdc2049f2335771fa53ee36a54897f8921a687c5c81c5ac43c1cf105a6f606cd72f68ff8d6dc92 ac9001401a3e3d31d6e7a8ce3c4ae4609076bb836f33282fb5939b6d850c0c6af0c3c4d768b8bb1 8272cc0673a24d994cceca83b48bb3033ae8a4a569130a16cd1b20a4b5c10a753d57102465002c3 61dc5b945add1df8eecdcb4956fe1d75a23c1939142c47f5ae7adc76bb4aaddc5118a13da29641c3 7f0d977950062db77bb8a05b74a5c5131ab9b660b8ae3e4d416a480ccd79882d485ec6b241af882 f0f99261eeec95e695aedaf0174dbe81a55d5e5f52ecaf0a91e16954459a62a17115242b8fac56a81 8fd5b9eb210cbd2b5c525e40b7da494cbc96c17c1787044ad2bba56987ae0aed8434d49bdd0a284 8c189b7d170a768adc02da01516e985c2e162f35eddbcae13373f28ae0ed1edab5f079dc9f0fb599 5a5698c7c17a125401720b61dc0890dce279580dee67e9dcf59d5cfd0cc144b0879101168edf780 e9e3ced2b7ca956f04cb80834c3e31713310a4aa04e5711bf040e64dc24acd970c2b5341cdb0352 a49622d2e0edd160b517e948c4cfeb5cf50f71e89b90788bc26a4c26b5ae221a331118e98f89cc84 ab961af7833b815c80dddc08ad639fdc5cf50f71a60c92f8388e16929b0cd4f87ccd1581107e85c2 b7d0761aab88514eb39812b09982b1d5036e5175fb8b8eab9ff0092feb9ff005e84970dd66eab375 5aaeab55d566eab55d566eab37359baacdd566eab37559baacdd566e6b37359baacdd566eab3755 9baacdd566eab37559baacdd566eab37559baacdd566eab3735257559b9acdd566e6b37759baacd d566eab37559baacdd566eaa66eeb3795a2e4cffb3fffc4001411010000000000000000000000000 0000080ffda0008010301013f013bff00ffc40014110100000000000000000000000000000080ffd a0008010201013f013bff00ffc4004010000103020206050907030403000000000100021103211 231102232415191133361719220425262727381a1b10423303440c1d15082f01443e1f1a2b2f2ff da0008010100063f02fea75698acf635ad118509af589e38975d5bc4baeabe25d6d5f12ebab78975 d5bc4baeade25d755f12eb6af35d755e6baeabe25d756f12ebab78975d57c4baeade25d756f12eba b78975d5bc4baeabe25d756f12ebab78975d5bc4baeade25d756f12ebab78975d5bc4baeade25d6 d5e6bada9cd75b57e2575d57c4baeabe25d755e6baeabe25d7d5e6bf315b985d7d6e6bf315b9afcc 56e6baeabcd75f57e4a7fd455f92fccd6e617e66b7c97e66b735f99adf258c7da2a98dc4e9adec37f a7bb4d5f61bfd3dda6afb0dfd6c1729171fa13a6afb0dfd56b3a14b29003d637586a4d1e33fcae8e9

b9bf0534cdfce03ce52dc5dbac558bc7f7150e697f02d5355903b37791913dcb65e3fb56d4778852 0cf95f11f5d357d86fea5cd0e2d636c637ab34681c378e2ac00500c76ac6c385e37f1515585bdbb9 58ab5d02dd53c3729825de86f4da955d87d41e408b07fd7cafee1f5d357d86fea1ce3b82139e67c9 99b4648468b5a93b3ec2acaf9f62ab5323187b614e9ba3c45c77a078f93fdc3eba6afb0dfd4013bd 6a983e5dca703c130f668e937b3e9a59e8badf1528a68240b715837e7e47c47d74d5f61bfa8a6d19 3062280e3a4b778d23b50761c4465a19dda0caa73e8e82135dc42c55bc3360a7087327cedde4ff7 0fae9abec374e06b65d13d8102e2d68f56f2b3d3ace85b6d5a843bb8ab88d3acebf0175aacc0df5b 357d181d17b84e2dc2756c838bc995b27995349eeb79a6eb51f73912156c5b46396889d0e11c3f 745bc14c9d0d01b3399e1a03464114e0dccd900321a2db46c106f008a8e240f9e9796ee98418c74 bf1613d89a1ce9322fa5e7a57300a6325389ee9de5cbee9d50faa4120ae94b643f56272080c263b3 72d6bb38f0406d3dd934226a917dc372c964a7009431883bd6a9847a43a9e88dea18d03b91c163 7171a066a90f38bb46648dc3868e002662ce131c7ced5d18e35b8e8ab81d1047d10199de78ac89e ef224e80c6eebb8a038a650a7979e56237e1d8afa046c33e6543b25d213bcc772acda9966d858f03 5ae906e87b6dfae9abeec280724e3889c465001b9f66897582c47327171d394ab1828806fc509b9 4410306e3a33ed584c8eed319a808e11999d12a1d709ecf41d08c9b6ed15bdbf24378e8bddde8ab ed1b92a260ee29e73dda2fb961a17f5b705d814b4e4a9b9ee14ddf52b5ae30929f53ece5d2046caa 65db44b6634d5f61aa4e6f31a0d8608408791d9c55d479aec8703a5ed3e6e997dfd944075f3cd49 ccce9036bb745f241e3222517715ad13d9a3fd3d0dac139a75fef275fbf4d4edab1a0dc99d12e21a 3b4a3529b75408136538f0b4f0175870e79a735d218767828dd86535a6ce7c94d21a49c8afbe3ab e884c6b9c3849431bf0c82d3fca66f3789129956a52869cfb130070d5649e0539b4dc319338782a 4f1ab247d5468abeec266a9249401dd65ace941c323a1a783c696bfb7095bd13c0200993d811889 deb039c1b04e6b0d22d20669cb2b71d068b0493bfd14d6122c213c34092779d1c49ddc51aaedb7 e63d158a9934ea139b543ebb238e1ba737a732dde408281b171af3c17e5fff0020a7559d99aa73fe e7a28b8cbdd22eebef553db2aa34da4e26e882aa068868a797354759cecadc02a8dddb48b7784ea 759ce687d90a6fb742ddae29b0ecb7fa457dd9c58e019cc154dae786b9ad8214d36127273d75a70 31c353e3a5cdc26f4c5f82c0e31392c19b63326e98c1dc344aa4dedc5a5b4c6f3274389792232580 59cf0d3ddc55e9d8f9c138192786153104e6aa61cc84ecf034e2ef5e78836e8d3833be4f6a0e7341 704e7d3b9150ac340d9b6709b95f78087cef3362a6416f045d8a466b1bee3308bdfb4758afb34ef3 3a1c7805f67cad4e531bc5e155f6ff0060afbb223722249bef2b0975d57732773513b44b6e55277a 430a693fe704e377617870ed9087da81b3da241192697b89e8c436d6557a31a8e74845eecca731a 4e13985ab184b8033a5d8cc034c5d076a98c8a041f21c7737565109c1bd5b067c4a249c4ed0fee5

95c3533bb4c71213b407348030e1713ba1373cb7a3ed1553db45b94b33f8a21ee98da3fb28a4fc2 3866b13f59fc4a7f6d95113a2a9f55536c7fb6a834ef7fecaafb7fb0d0fef4cee55fda1f44f6f02e4c71 f34850630bac562e998c6b5a30faca0bdc7e2b51a4a90ddd79535b678210d854ded276c5b4d5f76 3f74751b97054fd91a7a361d777c9068c82c4d761110e595dd7d2eedb27c7a299dda5838bc23f0f ae82de2fc3f3d00f1550f1a8533d83fb273bd271d2d1eb84cee3a08e240f9a8f557d9c700e2ab763f f61a2acc487e49aaa1e2f558705569b881686f6a1d3b80c56845e012059138357b0a6b778cc8f229 7bc1a6a7bb08a61dc188178863f864acecf785a9aae1e70cd6b1d7198552379c2ad934dd61125dc 135f51d87019c21069043716efdd3fb90d1da9a6a3646e3c3e09a38bc2c0c37de782a318a31efcd3 b0c40e49bbac84dcb89803bd12e924b73dc99dda688e2f59f9b968a2ce2f44faa8fa94feaab0ed0a5 c602acf9da7226db7039a6064db5dcaa661951b2a0bdaed51bef29a3a30308cb7909b6c31b94282 e03c8a3ef069abec353bb90f77fb2687705d13f2dda26e1de90cd01307a5b129d49e759ccbc649a4 e6ac6c5329b2004606f1f540985dab1d5b345ff00ed5ed192a5040d7ccae91c3b870ff95439a2c60 b6f85f0431191bff85523cd64260ecd342997461b94f8c83627435ee3aa1a607c93062da109f5186 5a4dc2353a58d596c9b382a7d19d892e1f253d2b6daa6eb1741bad390929cc35835b306066b155 a8f7952d68f21cf6fabf5ba3acec22a060839854666d188cf3d14bde0d353dd84fee4f609b36262d2 847052d761210577b6dda9858ecdf33f154638f35559eb4f34e607193b8268f385cc6ee09ecde426 da2d922e3b2d585b903fe14706cb444f14e6b1c0917f8a2ee2d544479a8b446371bc6e0835c53da 364eb05f68f9724340631a5f50e40271a8721bf729031070b85bc48556abfd186a638df0cb4fec9c d235cf62fbaa24e11e75b353f6a761e01aa0536f2d07b4cf97969a5ef069a93bd83f74f07828c6435 d72136731628a1ba61756db7621ec4aa67d65da5a9aed82c838a3350038deefed44eff0052e5df04 2441892146755d785ae1c5aeb5bfcba12d6b69b85a0a8a6713c0b5b0c04f69c7aa77643f9520cc1 24171cf8a860a74c9d638b7ac5afac04802c78217041910c7645626b6489b4d90a45e1de8bbf952 56aed999f54704e7bea0beadca229805a776f469b69121a4992ad51ad695351cf77620d0c103b3f1 e97bc1a5f524370b4193f146a59fc24e8a82098336ed462411c5ab923d0b5cf3867b020df55518a8 dbc6a9548c89c509ae65aa48809cd2d30db9c2642606c0a9948e09a0124f12a18cc45cd97972268 e168dee75ca2fc220180ea763c960db0d6ffd27616831303b130b4ea800aa6d63c1c424b5c04051 7bda26426b5b840c8aa86bb9ad200c961a50e6f12a18d6bb076c2774a201f5909189dc4a1a8246f 4600bad621aada2e63f1a97bc1a6ab5c247462c89fb3d2206464dbe0982a35d6b3895d2d07bc939 eb26b6a623c78a00e26bb0e709c1f4f10779e0d9385dad6fa41329c00c15249b5f82e91cc6c6205b c4843ed05a296ae2e2556fbd38a6e13ead330ea6e38bb938bc9aa5fdb9353dd1b8345d02ecc9e29a 661d8f5b5936abcc61d570062562b000f19d54d805d4bb6f192d66b4dcfc0ca0c9181cdc27b2e83

6835a1917246683bed2e0e8c9ad526831453606f77934a26ce93014004431b03eaae5c358ff00edf c220e23ff00d7f0aa6732223bff008570ee8eff00894bde0d3530004e0199ef40746700dcd74a07a3 7b1de94845af827d26d931ef69b6706549a56c1872c9512ca4e7c6ec938d5a75037700e465c5ac9 dd89617577ba4e4442e89eec58585a1c0e7922da2d73839b070de0a77486b973bd4280a6ca9da7 01b054b56a3b0ba5e030dca18293f39d609fe6529cb7a3d1d191b9d13f141a28965a36426d3a949 d87a38fa20c79635d3389623aeee27f0c12018fc7a5ef069abeedba645af174eb8001899441737b5 001cd1c2eae62f173f82ea8720834cb49245f72324360c5ca3ac2d9dd064e6265197b6d9dd46213 c3f534bde0d357d86e8706982466a1b50e4209dca5ae1b52011d90aa6b6da76be78b77128b7a4cd c4fcff0005d4e631286ba05e3e2159c23162323b1542cb976ef8adbbff00cca78c59ff0032ba52f91 7b7ea697b634d6f61bfd3e9fb7a5f56960388010e5b34b995b34b995b14b995b14bc456cd2e656c d2e656cd2e656cd2e656cd2e656cd2e656cd2e656cd2e656cd2e656cd2e656cd2e656cd2e656cd2 e656cd2e656cd2e656cd2e656cd2e656cd2e656cd2e656cd2e656cd2e656cd2e656cd2e656cd2e6 56cd2e656cd2e656cd2e656cd2e656c52e656cd2e656cd2e656cd2e656547995b34b995b34b995 b34b995b34b995b34b995b34b995b34b9956147995950f9aa7d27450d33ab3fd53ffc4002a1001 000201020406020301010000000000010011213141516171f0108191a1b1c1d1e12030f14050ff da0008010100013f219671f0b97ff35f8dcb97e17e372c964b97fc2e5929c7c2fc1d231142cdd981 061ae0d517471dafd276bf49afb1ed2d5def68fbeeb7fa8d5c35c0fe27a1edb4ed7e90ec3f135c5a3 b9ed3b5fa4ec7e935773da68ed7b4ed7e93b1fa4b773ea76bf49d8fd26bbec794ef7e9e00b47adfac 5557b7fc4bb7745b59f2ff0049734cfdb68b180aefb46edf6bca159978d7f1145deecd21506972fe2 38c01d1f8984bc7c9f8837bc8fc44e81e7f847efbfc23dc1f1143ecfc22cdfb0fc410bc1c11f51c2b4 61539e93423a415ce4f9ffcff0083f3343c3bf7161ff9df0be49a1e1dab8bff0062cd59f90a7ac22e26 89e21fdc6c6af4f921a7876ee2ff00d372e851d18a55fa40ad4beb1ca35a8d60ca5c61af1ce8e0cb8 5c0286f9cdc0712c9733dd36bd7842889dab57e6879889cbc2e626bb82e09af5ce1bfd45f94ad21c 4fe54d4d7e043c3bf7161a7fd16a17934bebc251368ddcbebe0ef238c2e31c672232a5f06d14fd12 7224c377e65e708bb073772ee6bc110a10d77a74e946ade264c2cd23af19a8af3f043a93401855b 41fc7b9e4f1ed5c587fcfa615d144297a8e7c28b6ede2ea3d0ebe30e631be358d895941a01a71a67 44bda50b5c336bcc4e2a864d0e2844c1baacc70a50198710794e1fccf01a4e5baff8f7bc9e3dab8bf f0040b6013aefbd4a7f36ab8699f106faf86928e82da39c2d20ab9c6f4ca61068d978df71289664a8 e92ee77bf0fb95e45cf69c628181860456d30789b1df878f7ee2ff00ce5c4bac83f63ee051b7a710f 0089a02f9ff009025d3058472ad2660baf2459c6aed7478571314dc6a2d74d66aa87479ac726356 ab6d451933a1a42ee6e2e96f9a0fe068bed1e3dbb8b0d3c39a96341c5631c0afc8982b3d5f15d028

5b737b15f1972b3c03306d775b972e5c960d9b7b41625a97ade44dc45e445c4cac43686bcbac01c 4b075b80c69b280d663cd9c737cc4b8f5d991cb9c29b8c1b486ff0003ae4fcdca250c4bad3c287c2 8af94576635bce60b6015b4a8d105a0369a62693ed1173094d6778dff0069e2069a00f064fcc609f a550839beb013a63a2188b0c7cd2eb713eae1d6a42176a8c080de26cf074899e336abcb09c66b31 f580fa5019a569a03adaf9cb014e3929689b0cf5478ef0379c3a4b961d078f36f32ade1142929129 8fc8d663102e81b09add5eb5731f76a365cd8e87f245dbe98e832c00cd6b437861d3e17a537e0aa d315c0a709a952a9d52710e26b253ce61180b79ea7dcb9b170af00a49d352f9a332f11dd1058db3 1fc0e1304a31f46b386e0435b7d11a0a4dee56b5df1947291a1d20b22ea58dafb5f67ca3d0b5a909 1ca52ba1be4f4cf94b4233b55b51d7489adab6dfcb954d8f60869e0441ed585c25ea0da709d076e9 2d494b6c09a22a7388c3635798dda128f5b835bde5ca25c2302e8d6b495c3ae29a422541161000 0026060f002220574d464301000000000001000000000000000f000000002000006c8001006cc0 010096b58b3e058ef0ab74bde0d2d14e8885017554c0c4157bf1847ea3bcdb65aca0d45deacd604 5bd2a3f010c8973596f13a559f32ce0ad15a786c5c534e47825b1d25c1dcaf2b32ac8d91ab3575a7 34c0ca1221b305ae0d5df9fbc5418c6f35950cad89bb384f6ac3c181de06c36dbddfc54048c72b46 0b89b3bc661d140f895b18c296eade6a563d9ec5d90d3c3bf71605a0358d5800888ef0e5129dee5 13ad46914704167163b5c88728e612664556e241672b71836161d9ce5ac2f31b55ca06f231b0d4 b86c2eb9f09a9cca158f3f0265502ee6d0a90a816c056d3af1186acc916c4e0728d995bd9c3c1849 35dff2f0b8642f3b748e91e593770208ab355ebf884c0da60728e684dccdf580e9e14e471ced2c53 a07be3a5108bd73180eb0364d6e28326ff007b34e66182e34a575bd263d9305dfd81a6619b18545 b56dc2195e603899eb9a964e071b45df185258b8cd6894436f0583b6d86fa229a42a6bfaa0b3d6d 56268b25965783addd0f5af01b8eaf18f347f700144a8144e698ce671a958ff622cb0d7190f64d8c 2f3881f3c6b783f331053a61214b602acdb64b25451d51d0eab0d44f210f642d4ac27a618204d84 8a2b6f410292cd9a1c9e905d5d8576bc487b2f41ae8abd51b91ca661282947595e14f32a8625579 9eb0a00e696aa82f3ed34b19abb106ceca9a363ac633ef00e8e914008ea30a931c3ac5d8ba5841c2 5e998f385a879eb2d76389bcd068db13a89a71cc584b09bb1c7d4a9e85d5952dfa824a58b77c007 099bde66e2b7d18e481aead17605c3c3549d7aa1a782849a4e9930e8971b37ca392cd8bcc3295aa ae269108ec66558df31709b2f2ff0065f85ae98e8d8331d23480b49c2225162eb4acbda6d835ea59 e5bc3948c199232b74a6b6e91d31d42dc681ae6ce2d0f597e357204e701c17614cb4b2e2cde82a6 08a01e604799b2ca741839394bf597525ad52d74b5ca08db38722a06c5e829bed530f3272794de7 7cbddb2a7360660f013d7528c6dfde5473e68102e2ad14f4432e86ab962bc06a02d4c3c2ae71b3f9 9755c899711d803aeba9f0c6c914a1e0d8af9893b17dde059ed11e7401d9994d0732dcccd29b5b8

a8ebdbdb13a88df86a00d426eccd90d23a4d298c8c6aef3556aac1a8da451b71951978d656462a7 13bc0a86a4c51d8ed69195977d3c8838d26196b3cf94046851bf283d0caf0466d81ea41ecfccd89d 43fc23925c8c11cd337ce7e49ef51cd6f71c09fb4c2e2d0abe4e046e1f185480592d36ba1b4aef06d e389892acbe8782846e21d1d5f8ce7103c94c7c30d0e9b7d082d1bd978b136385ec83960f762ddc 1f532049323a631ef50ed2a061d5583786521d9551e71bad1751a399bdb69d31311f02862ee21ea 0e69628f6cace3af83a4221afe580f75198b11d7e89c511888d80711bb01f28a2380af335cb9c037 0c896b15a4a32bdb4bc4587b19676a1fc4c2ed6be36770d666774a8f64ad2096cdfe49b0f009a47 13eac3acb127ac6d268dbeb0709947bf8f0a5f9658f87d5e19ab5f0c88e61f69dc0312b3e0064414 21db43e2739bebd61b32967b63ea02f1df242905cae0665ef576ede0afb13ad4095bb11f6e33182e bc0b7c0152e3ad7e2dbb5d59eca3a16038e931b58a661e27e268900c1d01d02f67ce3521d392393 551f36a55dca01e04a01c10fb98d69390f3e31d6a8c0be96da2dcbcb05072f0759b25d70eb15cf2e c6bc905695fd9972897ad9fdf94f4cc72737719365f77f3e3382d0c1b442569dc651c9266ba4bd0f ccc39b6f132c7f830bbecfbbc0df961af40b8a6d1fb41c7ac07abf531e60f68c09c466a2ef4c686bf7 298437bbe9bc1ab258f835ce66bf4e8dec13e61468e0f55ef1be2ab67d2d20415704f78020a08d97 1562e97a4bf1039787b4ef5c58adf3cbde74d906f28f933569b95826a5904584616845057b78d19 450e9ed5fe31b49b0f9625ec2b5312920b7d6b638c4bb2d206f847cf899a86ceec18866db31df9fe 134c3434ae9abc6337a18c33aaa519e6628bf7bd3c47f32bbb45f11e350c0c74312d016635be9fb8 e46158f3b7ea519b1f15d80db3194c404068f332dc58a14501cda79eb1a860e1daf09ed34fe2aef0 5fe195c048c0de758327560e354f98655ad2dda67d6534db77c5323df08544ad6303785f2c6acc9 83990ada54a85de28eba85be92e05903765fc7a40b29a662f31e9fc3d8b0f0f9588dc6bd618016e4 8d2553a111c14022f298f4484a9f75994ba342b7afed2da36b15729274153d05fcdc022d86fd39c7 3b652f1076db07ccb4b5809b3b42e1be44042a84e7c3f3e91a3658aa786ee8cb16553c4d565901d 1e032474e536d706a544ac2f2d20c25a2b16f7eb1780bbd60e16c07e4f7afbfcc68ad695cd5a20a2 34af0ad11be0b8b1fd2b635e4915f282e8edcf30c09748a61f3d2572d983a8027d4d8653c75b4b3 506b96735e77080dd1780a76c132574e62f9c28de96baaa5525183da6fb7e9257f1a81800a397f2f 10a046738682b561a9683401d5ae30d0d1d5ccc4c5393129ba37a2c31b378093438998843813d2 527b47fb2fc5863a0ff009297268a61d1ac68d4152d58d4f245c8ac7e7a7ac55c48d58cfd1125801 6828f71145591d8989a3010b4270b1f3cb341970c126cc09b47297f4843b6dc21e02ddc1b394b1 2a56b09585db78080b25d81a61e79f78448d873c8e68a1e8206c410d71cc1bef1bf759dd1058140 ae02a5ce3ce572243a5debeb15d37e65460fbb1071b010e28ad78128e1e18bfedf748519877907e 66e2b2f6355bfbf80c0e4086daff0c14ab5a3189a4f2afa90b210b69d5612db57da16c015b631125

ea1a4ff0025f90a85d6de0c12d7168e9bd353ca350a146ee56bd8983331d6aad17a7ccae5de0d29d 78cab880c96c40a0dad83e0c0c9025c61e63d66f0043a52c7ae1a9ec4c254a8cfa30f08e986a0e20 823b749a741d7bd3df3e50aa285d095b1313de5a11e1281965f66b13ad4ca2a9ccafb9cd0a91b9fe 6ae624374335178b6a599d877211b121c565f807f6fba402ef95be5899b6c7657595c19ea6b08ed 8212a6421e496fde515a78679d4b1bd8af431d026acbc0b8e3c263d1b0a0279c7fd1c5a573a33b4 7caab1a755ca685d2a746b534de3e034880df3be73450c4179f08811098c726beb08b146458c7ee 0ca80b56518fa98e38dad57f1150db9caee7ad6271ff00ce46946259f82b314a3ef00e402abb1a4d 21602d62d62e6e4530cb07d20ba1a08aac1e52b22e4f0578a6cd6f2e42988319838bbfa436e881b e8af286fc904af15bb11b70c54a85065b36a7e7fbbdd22de6128c42149528da33b845619b707be9 0185ec268e9095a65ba6c6768b26443283847485ddbd62429ea0b10042379f6c4520a8ce3eb2f00 880e312d00f4bd477c63b9dd3549f9995ff001a39a7c4115069e14e56b924c04386d9c33a77ac01 2d0308bd6970db2dd85eacb6064ad701c794e628113ca50bcabc15d6895fd4b8cd0a692bc2bfbb5 d2778e2f8b85c1d16b2c5ae40a604c00c54c7581e36c047c96734666c37952b03f80414572a1041 d0386417021db81988373f4910aed258ad6aa3881c6d104ad2b7966bfecded5c5f0b32607045a8d 8402a31f10b9c7002b725cf5d9c5a3d369a47b5c143f508e0343e21fafe971b02ae6988e2abac105 e5a21a940fdcbc66e3a8acd1529c374c5695b9567af3080614d06b1edfd4c3fb85a1e3783a4b8f80 7cc34ff00ce5e8befc1d251d59c0aa85595ece13bbbea16668e3faa60dcecda7777d4d4eebca77f7d 4efafa87777c4ecefa836bdf729d9df53b3bea7677d46a2bb2e53babea7677d4ecefa9d9df53b3bea 7677d4ecefa9d9df53b3bea7677d4ecefa9d9df53b3bea7677d4ecefa9d9df538fdf7294353bb84eaf ddb4d2edbca77b7d4592aaecda7777d4ecefa9d9df53b3bea7677d4ecefa9d9df5360baa7d4ff0052 6dd55fea68c34ffc3afe15fd9fffda000c0301000200030000001092c430d3ce30e30e30c1c900c30 21863423460cd3cf3cf3cf3cf3cf3cf3cf3cf3cf3cf3cd1cb3cf3cf3cf3cf3cf3cf10934d18f30c34f3c3 3c73cf3cf3cf3cf3cf3cd24b2cf28f0c43cf1cf3cf34f3cf3cf3ce30a08f2422ca0003cb3c53042cc101 30d3811c12092c91c624b10e00010f18e20d2ce1ca30b2400c330410c0432411412c930f14d2c80 c51872ce0c03820450402462880c434934814a2cb00b2c528814224014b1c53c638f00318220c0 4a10f38a3420820070c13cf10228108838524b2003c21481002cf3c33cf14204810720110a1033c f04b0c224f3cf3cf3c11cd18b1cf2830ca24f3cf3cb3cf3cf3cf3c72490c33cf3cf2c72c73cf3cf2c61c 33cf3cf3431c31873c71cb1cb3cb3c73c714d34f2cf2413fffc40014110100000000000000000000 000000000080ffda0008010301013f103bff00ffc40014110100000000000000000000000000000 080ffda0008010201013f103bff00ffc4002a100101000202020201040105010100000001110021 3141516171819110a1b1c1302040d1e1f0f150ffda0008010100013f10599c5a6f8ca3de01046dc8

0db94ca6532e5ca653ce53299430478729972e5329972994cb94c8b2e5329e721ef22ca643c2653 ce479ca79ca6010479c872996609723ce201540f794ca653ce01e1b8328253acaf03aefcf194f391e 7f4e6e3ef0ef2f01c957cf1882248e9bf530004d44ff00d9868b326bd7eb1d94ea435fdcca9d9aeb8 571a23d7174eaf138d8e59e38414bbc71866bc4130d01c68698e01c13af584155944e38109e426c 71f8cbae48cd70afb2f1c56b8a78e054bc9ad702237ebae2b5f6338abd5ad4e343c9beb8a9d97c70 a61aa6f5c36f94d8198173b249331a90ddcebff1866e2dd0fef844875294c3c8d38053f8c4626f200 62c74d6c43f8c1811e081fe70d61fa00626080825c203eb01271c640a51bb6cdf385ed409b5d7bc 547da06b98819b44d3d6135a2e8356568129268fc652f196e19683da15feb8563e9834c8c0fa6f3e 7be34b3a904db062a9eb1a34e432f3eb3d9feb0e39bffe77fe1f5cfd818948f191c53f7b189ae3ff00 ce96ec337ec3f4bdfeac475b27fb9599722c8b8d0216311f2087e75828c0514471db8def00b03153 c65cbbfd6e5cb97fd4e72a4cc8c27afd74966f9ff70e1c130e1dabe0395f4610bea5163ca03f965c7a 0061e20d6fd37240e175de6a53f3ce07569f25b87e29ef118eec02f04168fce14bd0181f95b824f6f 515d05d7cb8ce417c5c7ebc5ece3001ecd3c1f6397f425b649d6f9de348b02a7539e314c5aa02bf2 01c0eebc288fdff00aa8c609d39f93381fa46af7631c38ff6ef19bc3efa1c50e40a1ae5c5d1351dbfca b7de6af25e30ac52d080feb01f48118d6fc08aedd0d3f6c90bcc0b13a5c9ef93acdd3ec0df8c38eb4 864c4d60a3e9cd8fb9d9d2c91fbc6b664f7b5d7a7d99416285522e9d13be304288d38a6af95be38 c4e0a5e578f590f19a9048e4988d8e81d8ce94bf8ce27fa7ff00937238fd7cec713fdbf2373e7383ef 379e417b2be76fe88002aa338ce0fd02af63510afb62904365a44e0f1bc04114469735dc33949d03 a1e138bbef184dd143c5f78136212c18a879c56a6448c5552955dfacd404295617bfdf1d1bd175ce 2f003bdbb3e4c48ec2e9525d6fcc9824346563b8bf397a01141d532ffa0e9e318e0fd7c966e7fb75 050a2eafd9c64aaa91e8fac29b37fa3c6131488de4ddc918e0648965783020a70f24c46c6a35f584 9144eb03ede64ff049d7ac605a046da60ac394c260834ea2edec07ccc426b80e75c9ff0018805041 4392c753f194b21004fdf0ba81a91d9e464c42538fd48697ab038fd3f956268e6feabbe32eff00cf7 394efc6307195e327f45d1abadfddf58f85444242176f58a964c78cbdc884e933f96415c4c1665cb 504a3cefc61a38fd906b4a3f18db09a6df8cdc493cb53afd2e60b21ea61e417d29acad826382935f6 1b13ee60b4118e5663c50889079dce5f2fe309bd68f7b04e69534e09a081a35d61a3f45868b850b 863eb038fd3c6feec63871fa07a2ba45b1eb1f5702b82f50f1b71f47de7787bb672e2e3b48b6342c 3072380a93abdfe7025294dd3c5bac212f11ab58c157144b9de0ca3f1d27de76818e87ed7db918f 3987f6e20bccb93d54596257b916fb3e310f9af51e3d4cd5ecf480e937afce2e5ec24a9f7b778aba5 914b92b67838488892818f04bac57c4930f181c0b585c6600537b0f333acb1346024a1fbe3d684d bcadcfa27e73634bb1d37ccf3884d971409c1c0022fcf187490a2f8c04207eac7869e227c8f5895a1

0139debf65c0e0020e8086001a99df921adbd1ff3f038fe525f9860d28b1db540feb361c02ec083fd e7358601cb306189b55da6f5296f998a9da16aafe61e39f18eb19403ba7ef0e3393571bf534f66d5 780ca1362b14ea4426facb30f1521ca0d3ec6643d241074f8aa9a1961e916902402dfc78c78d8011 c9d3b3de5834366a7b3c0f6e1e76fe75db75af1c601549d2a37d4cf5e71099622a4528e36613c6b5 8781ef101ab7046cba7d61cec08a34d3e2f583937209f99cb87725a6499677bd99b80bc2a4af9c01 41aba2fa7ce03b73ad428cf535f79c9d5a77de068a4408881fcb1499af0ff79605b20586d7e79c2d1 7a044aa1eb531862ee4e9b7e41f7802d78c490b38c54bc6758ab5d9eb604becfbc68e47914557e5 57ef19cb8085da0bbe8e5ceb2e5c6c472415fc1901bd3eb1a67d406fee5bf01ef0f56d038197fe735 b175c09a3f6df518df46065e950f2f6f38c36dd64f1711cbf8ca7156375048f252bef14e9980d4f1a de039349732f86801dd58a4b6582511e0e9378362d0811b10d97a19baeee27defd08705c136eb1e 2131c8b29438c59b02ba492781acdcc097ccaaf8cbda57c06f08c12212faffac03e95ed131798086 bf6cdf8f3c993ce5435de2030343bfbcd3f1037f877f197352372a699de12700d2af33ac519745ad7 423c24fbd6198d8dd37e37839d16a4ade1f5e4ef0888955a37c9f19a06a4e2608501401b07a1c62 2a0076bece221943e56bfce32031cbbe67121b38ef28064e4c9cf1886684227c626d522355628f9 08beb0ebc0e0a216f9adc9ff00781001b9393999b4a75d628b0a36633052421c0773254eb6de3d6 304c01851d1f05f381dec5e5f9fae8f582c91ac5268c75877363ed26daf953f83272576aecc857e22 04f2e4d51ead4bb6f1e00fdb169de5fdcbfbbf39dae43a2200d7955ef8ca7f022a006686f4ab3ef114 c2401b5af2577d7bca49ab82444c08751fe30f5dea4a333d6716a7e90fdd635910035082fc6b7865 4040e92758dd80425bb6df067406f84ef0d29f2630c11363bc0da288c1c8baa2b3d63e7db6618e2 b83aae948541df7c8fc63554283d6b8ff00bc19ce550454e1ae567381d9ad7bab5d1ae30064d63b5 02f9e35804a24c415b44877a7392b69b449dae9fac3bcda9089e039cb09157c253037f80688bc1d 3bfbcf9d1da4bae7d620500375662a058c347b3eb6cf8c40c0c523c0a1e801f18c4e7f7c4d361f78 37d5a1d6c149f1959ebb7174f887ae93d358851dfcccad10511bdf783d949239989a13472e9b2a9 634a5504478320c648d3ed4dbf2e062199d2d1ec5e9d6898b295277ca39fa714c090dda797c39a4 2f037204a06cc01810b2097e45f443e70805cb8d26bee66c11d24310dec5e45e8c6a4401a020310 8b77cc9f3904bea1b635aa23f0fa2797143dc799f00c8db389c0a4d443d49a99650bf60365f8b836 c820bb71e30063b54d63b643681f22f9e10f594484da4d287ed31f5bdbef1421e071e8505051e34 eff42dc95537ba73e970975f7ac214a8fac15e2601e19f846fdb82754aeaae00d5609e8bfd670eca1 ab87df20ef152c6cd7703f919ef118c56aa9a8bd36dcd6d98486e84d6dd622f400ba85051f20dfac 2762a3232227d5bc6f3dc6dc9f072c6242486b816b708788302cd10eb259b5686e437f03b336b7 b7ae37941366ff240dafede70ac0cabd0001691dc5caccd0c4dea4877a33622c1028e8475fb66cb9

e2401620224e9ecc9fda00b51ed0d62b1aeed67c547f6c2292d502d381d0fc5c866576ae209be98f 81c990360745f58360ed363e309161ce90a49f7b2fcdc6d01a8fa7069b4051f932ec1105db487d1a cdf95dc8db480e91bbeb3afc39d44fdc7ef82019343b1a9e787f187d9dd0f61c849239575806f353 a9fbd74f17e338455d40811514d035353998058254317c08d1f7d6528449cbba681a5fef0211428 c89e05d3af32f384a1685b17d82d69de7062c2b81e56a844e5f9e319881a0a1bb4724cbf84985af6 7bab91e5c40741dbf5f78e5d02bbd1bcd24801f0e767c2de8c2fd8fc672dc0eb794b716d528f6e7e d027bc035e7de0014c803f93f9c7a802881227c1a7953101aba14bf0b0bd3927bc1afb2247a137bf 3acd215080868135f7aed709d79870d273d7ac4aea9dce0f94a57e0c7cac173395aa23d4ebde3563 65220cf95da5f583ca847c1e757de2935a9e0146f81ddf58e51d201ed7a557be30a35f7345878243 53f7c54466ee2dabed0bace433f0d49c4e7cfde7200383a683b7fe711eec3ba5387c0060616fb6ba 0bf9c2fcfe705f91dfa2e51040c79ff856fce3255249e217f8c2134b6352a7f79b91a55525471aa61 229ca190dabf2e017fe220c34fac9c4982d22529ff7c5d3baba2347c09a319b4145ec163ff171a37c 828281e2095e9e1c926202022a6980fac41806b110abff00b795b649da519ab5d7c6301844383b0 f753ef04d5fe017e3c612404903bd4f533cd2b9d381f278ce0ce4d5c97e45084d2f4c581c7da0894 7d8e12819a64b357e39c20375f3835818fa0e2f45e3db63d1c7cdc4aac6978bc67cbd38a527c266a 5baf14e83a378c9ab831087d9a6eb1308262c3a5c3083443f06268cdf1818c6c1b4177c4fe3112da ce9e99346e6682688a8101c2c537e9c27c901d913bf7880e87ef937d611f4ff00098bcea6d83233b 88c4e6e2506ec2bc1b7b6986c8b444a700c4fce5c8441dbe8f0d64469209528fed8a24ebea044fef 8c3285183736e8fe71f50990ea266386152cc762fe530475dbcbac6a70dc69e6fbc30a32ee26d57c dca09603e3345681ff1439f9c04d94ec967f071d086f2d92cd3d30b795002d91c9ecc94c47ceb797 d598371fcff00459e6641d27455ab1123d6d6eb37789d0a1b2bad217ecc85d86368fbe5ef1c69bbc 79becff00ce1c6554e71b81c939ff00c6b13b84886b5e8c4adbb577639c014421b1a63e0f3861fad 4d8dbe21c7b8778188ad9b77b5f779f78a143a151d8aeb915f3925f537ca10fa00fac11922834dea e001be983534a01ded07f78d22b227a530a01364f70fd45df40d3e3fe98e09266f3783207e5fd62f 1f6eb63df8b8c1201fa0c633a2d2db472c6f824e3fc8e5a484c7d182aec46da107ec193261be141df 417face71de9d6d8dfd7e92026f5f385d0722faaff008c5bbb4cfa03fbb88a9c05f96ceb2cb4b920d8 9c97f8644aa6df61aa6194538de74c3585a3cc74aff78ee058a2921b3a5a3f8c40d6d1bd3f6d46f05 c44850a27be202ee79726c505cab11da0077ff5323941618bcfedae309e19c54e5990797cb9ca777 0a2c2cbcbce1c625138ca6ba1b75f0e56c7bf3f1805d867817929a14502fa1defb7278c16d20a163 d8e0047bc83dafe5b60560908a7d8ff003c646ba58f21fddc08cf332f03e391f8cede70bdebe87db9 17342e8eece5389c7bcb6fb2b08dd8949c15f3306b950f6574e7376811f8c5323618a681e574679

402fc1cf8632bbc2cd000a1c15fe1cabb1437a7b3bf01bfac44b155d00b4279ae2d3281a09e46dfa 347771344f46034dcf59d9b16cd439e3dae8ef049f668214dda54e1b4c1c148c3cef7fdfeb0229a57 a1bfe32a5505e1a7be1ac3640f7b4bf70c647041fbbfde3a445dbbb5fe3f7622706df954f3f8c1063 9c0052408ca28da6d9f4e338e7c950b1a1b8f063cde790128071adcf1e70f845b5093470c07d613c dd340d64dd5553de1ad80d1c74a34d103a7ac6de35b4b64756a79f9c297c40eb00e1a044289f975 912dca648dc75014417a77c61c62c4e727ce4d425177a38724e095f879e130236c8c08938478995 f2501e4543e18fc24f186b437d98ff5ef143becf4e5f3341b2bb8736676dba70143ee1af4610501ec 6d2fdc739e8d3aa8f87afeb34dc22b061e0e476f1aef1fd1f21d04c912b0ba0f60e5623ada62f6fa3f eb25404ec947e477ae07ce0bd238d6b93d1b1a38f371fd92aec26f9dbe0f3335c482ed04af9976f5 61950b655e4a8cc6c4d601365f04ed7b61bcec1a139066bef15b4d841d9d9d0f2edd75850021100 2bfa182a1408fd1fa381b2aac308f6b830e3d106141e9d7d601ce6b2c1448293b48bd19121eea1a2 f952fbc030127528a368f179c4648410850748a7c4f78d846be03414d311f37221882e511275db0 13a7cef91ed746b98bce496dcdac3a6878f465fa5b35355f9e6af9b826040516c56efbadb829a575 66f1b9c7e334e24c8038aa2381f26d7d61dc4eae1223b62310e68754a258cd7a3bbfa572fa3ef0e3 0513f8c55124399194c0af24c123c36caf7f3e9f8c7af183e263bc0001af93c5393122db373cbac28 bee013e7792548bd768cc1b6c1f10d57b747e308001ad9a41c308985d874a870063e175de516c1 10240782c7c2f7944b70227b5f4970abac44708d3fc62a2d36d8aa7fb61311d14551f4701dbe8c3 15c3ea33b5df55edb80e4916f983e764c36ccb46938e4382c2684064fbc17697cc793abbf95391a8 743dace815d63b3574342993d45c1ae41cc2eebed1c0e3801f8fd1d77dd18414e8de43a3241a820 6935a1e99be71812556f7313c8e8ce3388ca1702f1bc37ce31c68d05603e56befde0f1701a0a027d 04bcf1e32cf3c4af337cb93fce32e80201449dec03adde2e1d7030c4053b69bafdf03c2005555b6f7 b779aca204f0f5904ba78cd835fb600ff47390e011a50069f390b7f4f3ff00e2e1c63c65a26ae9d96 bcffd6413ae2a66cfab82d3c9822c5391d33d638921519b9c7c630ae6d27ac3dd1a8d30097e14c8 72c334ebff007de133401e908fdc3010b6b1c55c7d39643a1a9cd6093102229ea951216cb85b6e4 7f29db7ad13ace6e57ade88d8c16f1bc6b43341ca6be583def37ba0763dbbd1a2bc063d035126bb eb71548371318a3453b021af0e22a1128d8a795df1045e37808b6ead25b854467182dda13acd078 328d78ae3c85a96d3344ac0dd4de04222c5cf23bdb54fbcd988662a15b0a2a76fbc652a947140c5 5237aa72c72e4368441175091e1f9c3ffed72ba03dac0cac4cb218a50ba829e5f183611675405eaa a78098d64c521bb3c848f25c1ac20a40e092e8cf572b8307b7935c7ac9ad8ab9bed357959f3879b 63b763df766f212365ae83d600101f594b63678c1d44bcf187f8bff00b13ce1c6289f58ce8e49ae27 b9fb1610000026060f002220574d464301000000000001000000000000000f000000002000006c

6001006cc001003148a28bcf142f6d6cf19020a9695b3d633738db46b0f0a79983b9144ad78a1cc 7e30ea3b1973b138c5f5482088f33a79d15d600500775ef8cd54e00ad34872fbee4cb0e5c2ecb1d7 3ce1e2af019086e0dec6673931a682bd153979e665ea2082d049cc366cbf18450ebad01f204d0e5 8cdc24e771011da2ce0324a24201a856429ebd65358854225a5d1cf1cc36653dc2b02004dde51ef eb1535c2ea0a3ec333d261300921de7ee5bf5871b440a708090ba1bb3ce0395b47c9772d6bf3930 01a0eca01aefb1e3e58b8850c7d00554569e5c1fd6b2cd0e1d80fc9eb2333886d7810814ff00dbc1 f2203238a24d17e1ae71a08f61a8faebf6b9714822383ba7679c0408a8023edf2b9486c210bce142 e144b728b78c96c50d22ac37919049bc53e0e3787ea59bff005fff0023e70e33930e9fc8d387ff00d c116c68aa2029db37a2613d0533b551631ab1e31047ddc2bc26bb4df9b85004da3472ad80422f3 3797682ba845dbc4d1f17063049cd49572aba73f38d571d16b7b23af1beb1e36a7d2536da8d4e8d ef19fe6c6753869da8fbcec78b5560a11c3466fce248a448bcaeb5bc77955e1220b56ab5db30992c 2d31d538bb6bb43831514ea03602097559ba30bdce8830836625e28b0a5dcba271f38265ac0895 48ba7cc839b461ea187884da2edbc606652574001d1bdc3a7d62d1c5a51757c348a783145b8754 0b7c09a27c65d1682a6c455509ad3808e250d448ac29e498f409593bf8334cdc104b38af791ef1d b5e7cfeabddc3055647b4c8aac5fd940a73a7e72f9a810942e6f90260ac634a08c27cc8fa30046170 886d78edafdf104859bb9acf4b74f5fe4ffee7ce1c66e8fef02bd99c5768c6cc55242aca8551c9cdc8 3ba0113e19b7a472b57e4f26851afa727d3b201c02aba0af37140808929d89783ad71886b18012a 8767a09aaf9c9d3c0e1f22ec9e3359cd152b08c02ff00d610fb532095161c0b64fce0af8c48af774c 27b4c02daac38945588be4be4611b6f5592ba2f7de1bf2ec2b04c9c0c4f2ae12d5a022c02921eda0 6130200621ceb9a787b31ca240d9451a00ef4f962c26b20c380ded20018e665a9193c97574e2fac 1b6ebf86eff00f98522d4a8350985d177cef06440408cbe06f0010321e0ff005c321e31b0152957a 7ac8f190f1801b3fc9ffcabe70e30553025f04d9c6299691044325a79137f189a9372b41111d73de 75db908f8747ce4d25d0083347a599ae3e42b19a8fae39c3a80a561cbe712f20fce500419c50c11a 12f3fa3c64721db81ab0e41e0d65c014801bad9c266bbe344383adfbe319230dc1bf17c6242ebbf6 0d979a987b050405ac2f8ae3f34a82fb2733fc7cff9b9e9ff00a70e31e33cff00eac4b378405022d24 b8b2682455a4036e7d1932304c31914baae3bc043152d022e974d5caedbf415fc11f78d4a88b949 79e4d3ef021fe0152c2a59b1feb1cace68d2beaed8d4f5aeb369bea6a01af67e06271183cca2df535 e0cd0d062f112cf5a864c308dd84ae5bde8f1913a06a21e4f029fbc087f85499537fa46fac4c8ceae 46faff000975806fb05c38ce49fb622268cf8abfbcf25fbff6497fcdc65dff00aaef8ff5c345bd3eb071 9c9d6b17e4a2b2eda1b8317a550cfc566c07a3fbb0b90c0fb5eb1ae8f5c7b30971f67930d2260c72 5aea8a735c237db3f6b08365ac86ee4c9c50c9afd39376335fec64e6581b793d60896977f1637e33

f68feec71e30b7c1935f6ff77e888fd6e46ccedfeafd5336163d3fdd827fa3226bed9fbd8dcfb7fab11 781eb20145f8e6303ca75c656505bd95d60d03cdff26108fad1ae04e309afd391fccff57e8d9bb19f b47f77e8d8dd7befe998c080c2dff8320adb52500e4f78945ff4bbc0989703fddf6c084c9bbe3f489 35fe04bfa005fd3ffd90840010824000000180000000210c0db0100000003000000000000000000 0000000000001b40000040000000340000000100000002000000000000bf000000bf0000c8430 0006f4303000000000000b3000000b3ffffc743000000b3000000b3ffff6e4321000000080000006 20000000c00000001000000150000000c00000004000000150000000c00000004000000510000 00e879010000000000000000008f010000ee00000000000000000000000000000000000000900 10000ef00000050000000280400007804000070750100000000002000cc0090010000ef0000002 800000090010000ef000000010008000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000 0000000000ffffff00fdfdfd00fefefe00fcfcfc00fafafa00fbfbfb00f7f7f700f9f9f900f6f6f600f8f8f80 0f5f5f500f2f2f200f1f1f100f3f3f300f4f4f400f0f0f000ededed00ececec00eeeeee00eaeaea00efefe f00e6e6e600e9e9e900e8e8e800dedede00e7e7e700dbdbdb00e0e0e000d9d9d900e4e4e400e3e3e 300d5d5d500d3d3d300ebebeb00e5e5e500cfcfcf00959595006e6e6e005f5f5f005151510049494 9003e3e3e0054545400616161005a5a5a00555555006060600071717100787878006a6a6a00757 57500767676006b6b6b0068686800727272007979790083838300777777006d6d6d007c7c7c00 747474007a7a7a00737373007d7d7d0082828200818181007e7e7e007b7b7b008080800085858 50084848400898989009d9d9d00aeaeae00b6b6b600b8b8b800b2b2b200b5b5b500b1b1b100a1 a1a1008a8a8a007f7f7f008b8b8b00939393008787870088888800868686008d8d8d0090909000 9191910098989800707070008f8f8f00aaaaaa00a5a5a500a0a0a0009b9b9b00a9a9a900b0b0b00 0acacac009e9e9e006f6f6f00bdbdbd00a8a8a8009797970092929200969696009f9f9f00a2a2a20 09a9a9a0099999900a3a3a300696969008c8c8c00b3b3b3009c9c9c00b4b4b400adadad00b7b7b 700cbcbcb00c0c0c000c4c4c400b9b9b9008e8e8e00c5c5c5001f1f1f002b2b2b00414141002222 22000707070035353500646464006363630067676700656565006c6c6c0062626200666666005 d5d5d00535353005b5b5b0059595900585858005e5e5e0057575700525252003b3b3b004c4c4c 003c3c3c00303030002121210033333300383838003f3f3f004d4d4d0044444400484848004a4a 4a00565656002c2c2c003939390023232300363636003a3a3a002e2e2e0037373700464646004f 4f4f0026262600282828002d2d2d002a2a2a00404040003d3d3d0025252500242424002f2f2f002 72727001a1a1a001e1e1e001c1c1c0009090900bfbfbf00bbbbbb00e2e2e200dfdfdf00d7d7d700e 1e1e100dadada00dcdcdc00d2d2d200dddddd00d4d4d4005c5c5c001d1d1d00292929002020200 0cacaca00bcbcbc00ababab00191919001b1b1b0050505000c7c7c700d1d1d10094949400c8c8c8

00c2c2c200d0d0d000a4a4a400cdcdcd0045454500c3c3c300d6d6d600d8d8d800a7a7a700cecec e00c9c9c900cccccc00a6a6a6004e4e4e0032323200c6c6c600bebebe0047474700afafaf00bababa 00131313004b4b4b00c1c1c100424242004343430014141400151515000e0e0e0011111100161 616000c0c0c0006060600020202000b0b0b00313131000505050034343400040404000f0f0f000 a0a0a000d0d0d0001010100080808001717170010101000030303001212120018181800030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030301 0101010101010101010101010101010202020303010101030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030101020301010103010101010101010101020402010103060303030303030303010101 0101010101030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0301020404030103040303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303010303030303030301010101010101010101010101010101040202 0203030101030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303010302020101010201010101010101 0101020402010103040303030303030303010101010101010103030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303020203030303030303030103040201010102030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030301010103030303 0203030303010101010101010103030303040402020203030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303

0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303010204040301030402030301010101010302040402030302030303030303030302 0203030303020203030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030302020202040303030303 0303030103040301010103030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030301010101030202020402020303010101010101030302020404 0404020202030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303040604030302060604030101 0101030302020406040201030303030303030306040203030204060303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030302040406060303030303030303030204020101010303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030101010103 0204040604040203010101010101030204040606060404020202030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030302060506020204050806020101010103020302060805020103030303030303 0306020301010302060303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030204060505030303 0303030303040605060301010303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030101010103020404060604020301010101010103020406 0606060604040202020303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303

0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 03030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030304060805040206080a05020 101010302020302060a0a02010303030303030303080602030302060803030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 03030303030303030103020406050508030303030303030305080a05020103020303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303010101010 3020406050606040301010101010103040606050606060404040202030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030405080504040608070802010101030204030205070a040103030303030303 030b0908060608090b0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030103020406050808030303 0303030303080a0708040302040303030303030303010101020201050e01010108090603060f0 203070501010b010403030b0701021001022201011006060d040a0a020701010801050a030e05 080b06030501011001100b01020a0201040101060308090206010102020101060102050504010 1010606040402020203060101020201010603030204040203030101030202030101020903010 80b040201010e03010b0106010103030303010101050301050201060403010304040201040102 05010104010108010505010801020202020202020202010104060103050201050a01010601040 40404040404040202020202020202030801010a06010106040203010103030202020202020202 0106010a0a0106010301050a010105010402020406050a070b03030f0c040104010208070b0f06 010804060907020104010d05010d0e01050a01080903020801070a08060201010106010102020 1010606010408010407020202020202020202030302040402030301050301050201060202020 20202020201010101030204040301020b0402070a010608100101010b0a060301010303010201 0104030102091110110c01010e14130a050d130d221c0201020808080601b9010b170202110b0 b1304050a08110a080d040b0b040c05060e0f0f0c060213010d0d030609090c02060606080a080 90b05040506010104030405060201010309070a05040301010401010303010104010101010101 0101040203010103020404100c080803021307060c02020d04080101010101010101040302040

3020402020101010302030106010408010106010105010202010501020202020202020203010 1020201010401010301010101030303030303030303010101010101010102010103010301010 20201010101010102020202020202020106010606010601010103030101010301010304050a07 0905060a0f0f0b151a090e0f0a070f07020e0b070b0d112212040f0a040b0f0604b9150c0f060915 090a0805060203010104010103030101040103010102020304010101010101010101010101010 101010403020403020402010101010101010107090b0f0b070506170b10220e0f100f0a0e050f0 81709190908020103020301050303040301010a2201051413221a0e2311121fb91307071e101a 1c121ab90d1b1720d520bc1e0fd7211616b9bad3c117b912231e12bc1813bcc01bbd16171b17c1 c11f161a1a1c0dbc1a11b9181319c0b9231e1a111314181a1a1822121418c019bc1e181215101a2 212171712221a12122214142212121e1614121214161e11120c15140c10c0b9141e10111c1222 12221414141422121e101ab91514bc1118142222171817221a13182311221a15141e101717101 e141717171717171717171212181a22141a0f16121023140c2314141414141414141414141414 141414230e22231012230e1a18171422221414171717171717171718230d1a1a0d23180c1e221 023220f1a1222171a1a1a18171323bc161ac024cc1f23120f0f15130d231613090d161a0d171217 141317180f230c0f0d0f1312091a1a1a18181717141a2212171712221a101e120d1f180d2314141 4141414141412122214142212121e101ab91514bc11141414141414141402080e11141422121e 0e0e110c0c130f13b9101116d101010f0a04030302030104030304030103070501778d9ee1a6a1 cb8f8f9be880e8e7d42d94e891a89c2d9428aeaba429928580aecbcb949da62a91a891dd9428d4e 58d94e1d4d4288ce829a1ae2929e5a82990d4a88e298c8b9c9c9e94e5dd8c2b289b949ba89292a8 94e79ca79e9b282b2e299bdde5e5dd9b29a8a8dd9b9bdda8a89e94ddcbcbdd949e2e363171a828 8fdd94912b2fc29b2d8ddd9b9b94949b9bdd9d8d949c8e28e72e9e949b9be59ee59b9b8cdde58c2 89b2be5d4929b9b92d4e5a8a8a8a8a8a8a8a8e5a8dd9e9e9b9b298dd4cb91e8948e9c9b9b9b9b9b 9b9b9b9494949494949494a72d9b9c91a8e88e299ee5949b9b9494a8a8a8a8a8a8a8a829e12be5e 52be1298fe7a8919c9b8de19b94e5e5dd929f8e91949e2b2ba7a4a1a193e8e5e5d4e8a7e19c9b8e9 2e8e18edd8f28a8c22b9b2f288f9baea4a62a92a8dddddddddddddd299bdde5e5dd9b292ee7cb8fe 79e8fd49494949494949494a8a8dd9b9bdda8a89d8d949c8e28e72e94949494949494949a9a9aa de7a72994a19e9ee7e7aea12a99a5a7dda8804c160e07060202020301010101020201060f0c1426 f8946b5844903d7c6cdc6868dc69646c695e6d6b64256c6c6c5f5f6050506e5e68dcdc6f705f49dc 496160ce61c8506c6c49dcd86bd261606d69ce6f2563696dc874dc635b49507060505f5f506c656 c6dd2d250656f6e61496c507070616c604949606c616d5060606060506d60606c65656c6060604 edf4b6e745f616c5ed8734a607676606c6c65656c6c606e76656bc870ce687465606c4974496c6c

dc60495f706cd84969d26c6cd26949505050505050505049506074746c6c617669705e6b65c86b 6c6c6c6c6c6c6c6c65656565656565655b766c6b626d25c87474656c6c6c656550505050505050 50616fdc4949dc6f615ece50626b6c4a6f6c654965505f6264d2496c68dc746e50d270d864c85f5f 62d2496cd26f5553496fd2654962506fc86e49583e333f406a6d6d505050606060616c604949606 c61d8ce6d5e2574c86965656565656565656d5060606060506d6e76656bc870ce6865656565656 5656573766d6a452627918b263b84858b918bc2913b88c2af5e0c0f0a040303020301010101020 201050e040238b4480a0a110a020101030508080901040701020b010708030101030607030b01 0102010a01040b010808010701010802020801010d020501010e0c0809010f05010702010f0401 0102020101060605050603030206050505050606060605030104040103050101030202030101 0204050808050402060201010a03011009030a01010f010101030202020203010701050b01020 f0106020302060604030501060a01030501020901040401090204040404040404040401010605 030208010a01010702010a020202020202020204040404040404040a01020a01030a010506040 2030302020404040404040404060a010505010a06010703010a03010501030406060403010a0a 0603040804010507090a0b0d0e0801010101060d0b0107060504010507010301020c0d1115030 2020204040404040503010404010305010901010906010a040404040404040401010302020301 010701050b01020f0104040404040404040f09080605070e101003020b0a090d09100b010cd9dd 4d080706030101020301030101020201040b140b3aa95b05020101040b0d0c0a0101050203020 40508040106080a0e070103060d040a09050e010209010602010401050a03020b06010b0a0f060 309050104050a080508050608080303060603020804050a080602040604040406060505050503 01040401030503030204040203030606060404060606040b06010603010907060d02040d0408 0103020202020301050405050406050606020303040604030801050701020801010701060601 0701060606060606060604010106060302050102040404030104040404040404040402020202 0202020206030304040402010506040203030202060606060606060602080108080108020104 06040403010403020406050508080806060a0a06050b01030203040a06010d0f070a0a0a050202 0703010208030206010103010308010606060404040404050301040401030503040202060604 05020202021610000026060f002220574d464301000000000001000000000000000f000000002 000006c4001006cc0010002020202030302040402030305040505040605060202020202020202 090a0602030302040e01050f04020a040f0101010e91c806060301010103030306030304030103 0a010a88c468061204020403010103070f0102010106040106010801010303010501080101020 10701010a010606010a0103020101090201010104030105010109060101040103060108030104 0201010401020505020101010101010101030303060101020201010603030204040203030602

010101010206060801010a0c020101010b01010a0102010103030303010101050301050201060 4030101020402010401020501010401010801050501080102020202020202020201010406010 3050201050a010106010404040404040404030303030303030303080101080601010604020301 01030302020202020202020106010a0a0106010301050a0101050104040203030302020101010 804010817070f0f070b0d0f050801010101010108010c03010a07010a0601020501030a0102030 3030101010106010102020101060601040801040702030303030303030303030204040203030 10503010502010603030303030303030101010204040404060104090101040304010b0d088fc8 010201010101030303060506030101030602013e8162030106030101010103040603030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030101010101010101030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030301010101030202020204060606060402030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030301010302020 3010103030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 303030303030303030303030304020106074864020402030101010103010103010102080b020 33a7e5e0404040907050203010303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030101 0101010101010303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030301010101 0302020202040406060404020303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030202040402020303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303050501090c395 f0b04020301010101030101010101040a0f010731b5640508020f0908040101010103030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030

3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030101010101010101030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030301010103030302020202040606040202030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030302040406060 4040203030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 30303030303030303030303030103010a0f57dc0b0402030101010103030202030101060a010e 42b563060a0106040301010101030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030301010 1010303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303010103030 3030303030204040404020303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303020404020303030303030303030303030303030303030 303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303010101060853c8 080402030101010103030202030101060a010b6ac375030501060403010101010303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030101010303020204030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030301010303020404020303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030301010103030 1010103030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303020501070a72760504020301010101030101010101040a0f0408 d87e750106010f090804010101010303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030

3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030301010 1030204040603030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303020203030 3010101010302020202030103030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030101010101010101030303030303030303030303030303030 30303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030301040105026a4d 030402030101010103010103010102080b0f02e37e4d010406090705020301030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030101010302040606030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030302020203010101010103030202030301030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030301010101010 1010103030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 30303030303030303030303030101010401ce7303040203010101010306050603010103061501 7ab46301040703010101010304060303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030301010 1030406060503030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303020202030 1010101010103020203010103030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030101030202030101030303030303030303030303030303030 30303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030301040107057c64 090402030101010103030101010103020401014fb475010605010101010101010303010102040 104060602020101010a010701050b0104020a0101050e0101160101060a010501010401080101

08010a06010101010101010303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030305010401010504010 10101110110010115010901080b010101021301100701010c01010a010123010301020507010b 02030106020105010b0101010101010103030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 030303030303010103050a0a08020301010101010303030303030303030101010101010101010 1010101010303010103020203010101010101010101010303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 30303030303030303030301010e011738c80b0402030101010103030101010103020402017781 73020401020301010101010301020103050301010105010f04090101090601010101050108020 1070e01010105030102010a01030201010b010101010101010101010103030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 03030303030303030304010402010403010f0722010901010f060401020801041001010101010 46524010815010601010107010701010105010403010e01060401010101010101010303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303010103050a0a0506040203010101030 3030303030303030101010101010101010101010101030301010101010101010101010101010 1010303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030301010a011547e20a040203 010101010303010101010302040601c7af4d050401060402030101010101080401030101050b0 9010101010f03010401011501bb010101090101070f07010f01010306010601060802010f01050 3030101010101030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030801040201010501010101061 3010801010b0201050106010216010910232b31060101010f0101010b062201090c0301040101 0c01010e010303010101010103030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 303010103060808050a0806020301010103030303030303030103040606040301010101010103 0303020301010101030201030406060403010303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 030303030303060107031348c80b040203010101010303010101010302040401e3a24d0404010 80506020301010102040801030111e20d010867cd01d00e01bee2050107cfbe1d017a5ed90119c

6056d1fb94e0fbfe3024fbb012124e079020203010101010303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303050105020301787bbc067978bcd01ee0151064014e686224010ec6bf0811913b4a1501d 1cf0176d10113241d010167d6070eb824771f0205020203010101010303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 030303030303030303030303030303030301010306080506090a0504020301010303030303030 3030102050808050201010101010303020207080403030408070102050808050201030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 30303030303030303030303030303030303030303030a010a081058700f040203010101010303 010101010302040301737e730106060805060203010101030106060707c628d603bd857abda88 40acc2a79c64037c2207a328658c05a37c0a5cec89cc0578fcfa45ad92b692e9f060403010101010 1030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303010108020915479217039379402dc183c8dfe1d1 5bf251c7147b4642b7b99a5c47591e5137b99d4214d27c2cd90bb23a0b73e850a8680101060403 0101010101030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303010101040506 02090a05040203010103030303030303030302050a0a050203010101030302020207080602020 608070302050a0a05020303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030401 0102075a610504020301010101030301010101030204010163c37501060806040203010101010 60105010603bbddc33d8aecbae2a8964c79c34f4dcbd1bc1f8484c1d0227196baee3cd2c9193793 20ab611be7c72e920506020301010101030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030207010 60a32af136d3fbaa7de1bb45ae296ccc09a790a052e747c320c85374b957d462ad69887bd8ce644 5122a943026bf24f835d020105060203010101010303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 30303030303030303010101040604030a08060203010101030303030303030303040605050604 0301010303020202040604030101030406030406050506040303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030302010103085648040402030101010103030101010103020403 014ec5730306020203010101010103040109010603016b28d1318d1441dc5142e6ab6465c4160

71c29838ca020518dbca5584d7fc14592d9c35616887bad2e05060403010101010303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030302060701040137ab42a04f085c9ad6a3e24c9a2406416fb9137e595 6a12271282083cc6ba1bdd43cd5c51b582c1fde42034e5d672a5f0a09050604030101010103030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303010101020402010604020301010 1030303030303030303020202020202020203030302020204040303030303030303020202020 2020202030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 30303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303040403010a44330604 0203010101010303010101010302040601b8b04d060401010101010101010301010c01131401c fa10b87dce3ade6792e70afc8e02a7d721b663d728a102c9bd0ad4870b15e319f1dc55201c775de 3208050402010101010303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303010107060d0126a54734321 726977df2c868abd916cc91e31b323f8a34022b2763dd7848a3d12a727894b8915401f93b0dd71 96aa9b80102080504020101010103030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0302010101020402010203010101010103030303030303030304020303030302040303030202 0404040204060606060402040203030303020403030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 030303030303030103010102386601040203010101010302040201010101040101b8974d0102 0404020301010101010202040406060605d4349e67b83714d7267c2b4cbc77665c16c73b85b70 b4c8a6c401dc88f5039621d85e2237b8b86b7080601010a0201010101010303020204040301020 6050201030301010101010303030303030303030301010101030204010101010101010102030 3030301010103010102040e44930350962284ab4b31ba4f26db508b8f5113da3d3a1917ce866e6 ad650a06133db074e463fb91a2b66241f4f905cbe010c030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030202020301010101030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030101030308443a0404020301010101 03030202010101020502017bc54f0102040506020301010101030302020404040647a58cbd011

001010b136c12010c230118010103010913020d1201011e01140a145fbc0f05050b0d010904010 50a03020303010101010101010101010101010105040301010301010303030303030303030101 01010302040101010101010101040404020202030301040e05010933b2d66d8eba2c290301011 f5b170f050a050801181c0101120d0404016b2a1c220101140b180101bf050c03020c080101220 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303020202030101010103030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 3030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030 30302010404073833050402030101010103010303010101060a08014bb4630102040505040203 03030301010103030202024a963910010109010173284d0a010a0503030a03010107010301100 601010503d6895914010b1401010f0a0101060101030303030303030105080a08060404060706 0303040401010303030303030303030101010103020402020202020202020404040203030101 01030c0401055a8c343972163989230e0fc734cd090102010a010104010101010d040d4592ba06 09010d0101030101010102080101060801030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030202030303010101030303030303030303 0303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303030303 030303030303030303030 Gambar 1: Contoh zonasi mangrove Menurut Saenger (1963) dalam Dahuri (1996), ada 70 macam kegunaan tumbuhan mangrove bagi kepentingan manusia, baik produk langsung seperti bahan bakar, bahan bangunan, alat perangkap ikan, pupuk pertanian, bahan baku kertas, makanan, obat-obatan, minuman, dan tekstil, maupun produk tidak langsung, seperti tempat-tempat rekreasi dan bahan makanan dan produk yang dihasilkan sebagian besar telah dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Nilai pakai lain yang penting dari ekosistem adalah berbagai organisme akuatik yang beberapa diantaranya memiliki nilai komersial memilih habitat mangrove sebagai tempat hidupnya. Daun-daun berjatuhan dan berakumulasi pada sedimen mangrove sebagai leaf litter (lapisan sisa-sisa daun) yang mendukung komunitas organisme detritus yang besar jumlahnya. Organisme ini bertindak sebagai pengurai daun-daun dan mengubahnya

menjadi energi yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh sejumlah spesies, baik yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi maupun yang subsistem, termasuk udang-udang dari famili Penaeidae dan famili Sergestidae, kepiting mangrove, Crustaceae lainnya, berbagai spesies ikan, tiram-tiram dan Molusca lainnya, reptilia laut, juga mamalia burung-burung (Dahuri, 1996).

METODOLOGI Alat dan Bahan Termometer pH meter Kompas Global Positioning System (GPS) Tali transek yang dibuat dari tali nylon dengan ukuran 40 meter Meteran plastik ukuran 100 cm Data Sheets Buku tulis Alat tulis Camera Data isian Plastik Botol film

Cara Kerja Praktikum ini dilakukan di Tahura, Ngurah Rai,Bali. Untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman tumbuhan mangrove digunakan metode eksplorasi yang bersifat deskriptif (De Vogel, 1987). Kemudian di identifikasi dengan menggunakan buku Identifikasi Mngrove dan Tumbuhan Berbiji. Untuk mengetahui zonasi vegetasi mangove dilakukan dengan menarik garis transek tegak lurus garis pantai (Begen, 2002). Sedangkan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas

vegetasi mangrove dilakukan dengan membuat petak kuadrat berukuran 10x10m pada setiap stasiun praktikum, dan dilakukan analisis vegetasi dengan menghitung jumlah jenis, jumlah individu, diameter basal area (DBA) (Begen, 2002). Pada setiap plot dicatat tipe substrat. Pada setiap stasiun pengamatan dicatat dampak dari kegiatan manusia terhadap kondisi ekosistem mangrove. Selanjutnya data dianalisis untuk mengetahui kerapatan jenis (Di),Kerapatan relatif jenis (Fi), Frekuensi relatif jenis(Rfi), Penutupan jenis (Rci), dan nilai penting jenis (INPi). Selain itu diakukan deskripsi kondisi masing-masing stasiun dengan pengamatan fisik seperti suhu air, suhu udara , dan salinitas.

HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Hasil (Terlampir) B.Pembahasan Plot I Tahura merupakan kawasan mangrove di daerah Ngurah Rai, Bali. Di stasiun 1 plot 1 terletak pada titik ordinat 0804351 S dan 11501142E. Jenis mangrove yang mendominasi di titik plot 1 ini adalah Rhizopora mucronata Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan pada plot 1 diperoleh pH 7,4 dengan salinitas 270/00 dan suhu udara,suhu airnya yaitu 300, 27,50C. Nilai ini cukup mendukung bagi kehidupan mangrove sehingga dapat tumbuh dengan baik karena masih masuk dalam batas nilai yang masih dapat ditolerir oleh hutan mangrove. Suhu udara dipengaruhi oleh luasan penutupan mangrove atau kerapatan mangrove. Semakin luas penutupan mangrove maka semakin rapat dan semakin rendah suhu udaranya karena sinar matahari akan terhalang oleh mangrove,. Pengukuran suhu air di kawasan hutan bakau dilakukan pada genangan air yang berada di dalam kawasan mangrove stasiun pengamatan. Semakin banyak genangan air yang terkena sinar matahari secara langsung maka suhu air akan tinggi, begitu pula sebaliknya apabila genangan air berada dalam rimbunnya mangrove maka suhu air akan lebih rendah. Plot 1 stasiun 1 terdapat semaian sebanyak 9 pohon dan indukan 1 pohon yaitu

Rhizophor mucornata. Jenis substrat yang mendominasi berupa pasir dengan sedikit lumpur. hal tersebut dikarenakan letaknya yang relatif dekat dengan bibir pantai sehingga lapisan tanahnya berpasir selain itu dari banyaknya pasir yang terambil sebagai sampel substrat dibandingkan lumpur .Hal ini cukup berlawanan dengan teori yang dinyatakan oleh Begen(2002) yaitu jenis substrat yang cocok bagi pertumbuhan mangrove jenis Rhizopora adalah jenis lumpur. Jika teor ini sesuai di lapangan maka bisa juga di tanah lapisan bawah lebih banyak lumpurnya dibandingkan tanah di atas yang justru banyak pairnya. Atau diduga praktikan mengambil substrat di sekitar area yang berpasir mengingat di mangrove pada saat itu debit air yang masuk tinggi sehingga sulitnya praktikan untuk menjangkau dasar perairan. Sedangkan biota yang kami temui pada ekosiste mangrove ini adalah kepiting. Ci merupakan luas penutupan mangrove suatu jenis tertentu terhadap area. Penutupan relatif jenis (RCi) merupakan perbandingan antara luas area penutupan jenis (Ci) dan luas total area penutupan untuk seluruh jenis (C). Nilai penutupan jenis relatif indukan mangrove menunjukkan berapa besarnya jenis tersebut menutupi suatu area atau berapa besar jenis tersebut mendominasi suatu area tertentu. Dari data yang kami perolehyaitu 3,9. Mengingat di plot 2 kami hanya menemukan Sonneratia alba sehingga kami tidak dapat membandingkan tanaman yang berbeda di tempat yang berbeda. Nilai penutupan jenis relative (RCi) diperoleh bahwa sebanyak 100% daerah plot 1 didominasi oleh mangrove jenis Rhizopora mucronata.yang berarti jenis mangrove jelas banyak ditemukan di stasiun 1. Fi merupakan frekuensi jenis maksudnya jumlah besarnya peluang ditemukannya mangrove jenis tertentu disuatu tempat. Pada plot 1 ini terdapat 1 jenis mangrove saja dengan nilai RFi-nya adalah. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sebaran mangrove di plot 1 paling banyak. Nilai penting memiliki arti bahwa suatu jenis mangrove memiliki peranan yang penting di dalam ekosistemnya. Nilai penting yang tinggi berarti bahwa jenis tersebut sangat mempengaruhi kestabilan ekosistem. Data yang ada jelas menunjukkan Rhizophora memiliki nili penting sebesar 300. Vegetasi ini peran penting dalam membantu memecah gelombang tinggi sehingga gelombang yang sampai ke daratan dapat dikurangi frekuensinya sehingga kerusakan yang diakibatkan tidak terlalu tinggi. Disamping itu mangrove baik Rhizophus mucronata maupun Sonneratia alba berfungsi sebagai penambat mayat maupun puing-puing baja.

Serasah atau detritus meliputi semua bahan tumbuhan yang sudah mati dan melalui beberapa tahapan dekomposisi dapat menghasilkan energi potensial bagi kehidupan konsumen. Perbedaan produksi serasah dapat dipengaruhi oleh struktur vegetasi, umur tegakan, kondisi geografis (kemiringan) dan perubahan iklim musiman. Apabila vegetasi memiliki kerapatan yang tinggi serta diameter batang yang besar maka akan menghasilkan produksi serasah yang rendah. Kandungan serasah mangrove dapat diketahui dari daun vegetasi mangrove yang berguguran. Daun atau serasah yang ditemukan berupa serasah Sonneratia alba yang diperkirakan terbawa arus sehingga berada di area plot 1 yang tanaman mangrovenya tidak terdapat di plot ini. Stasiun 1 plot 2 terletak pada titik ordinat 0804351 S dan 11501142E Jenis Mangrove yang terdapat di stasiun 1 plot 2 adalah Sonneratia alba. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan pada plot 2 diperoleh pH 6,9 dengan salinitas 300/00 dan suhu udara,suhu airnya yaitu 300, 280C Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan pada plot 2 diperoleh jenis indukan terdapat 1 pohon dengan jenis semaian sebanyak 5 semaian dan 3 anakan. Ci merupakan luas penutupan mangrove suatu jenis tertentu terhadap area. Penutupan relatif jenis (RCi) merupakan perbandingan antara luas area penutupan (Ci) dan luas total area penutupan untuk seluruh jenis (C). Nilai penutupan jenis relatif indukan mangrove menunjukkan berapa besarnya jenis tersebut menutupi suatu area atau berapa besar jenis tersebut mendominasi suatu area tertentu. Dari data yang kami peroleh yaitu 16,47. Mengingat di plot 2 kami hanya menemukan Sonneratia alba sehingga kami tidak dapat membandingkan tanaman yang berbeda di tempat yang berbeda. Nilai penutupan jenis relative (RCi) diperoleh bahwa sebanyak 100% di daerah plot 2 didominasi oleh mangrove jenis Rhizopora mucronata.yang berarti jenis mangrove jelas banyak ditemukan di stasiun 2. Fi merupakan frekuensi jenis maksudnya jumlah besarnya peluang ditemukannya mangrove jenis tertentu disuatu tempat. Pada plot 2 ini terdapat 1 jenis mangrove saja dengan nilai RFi-nya adalah 100. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sebaran mangrove di plot 1 paling banyak. Nilai penting memiliki arti bahwa suatu jenis mangrove memiliki peranan yang penting di dalam ekosistemnya. Nilai penting yang tinggi berarti bahwa jenis tersebut sangat mempengaruhi kestabilan ekosistem. Data yang ada jelas menunjukkan Sonneratia alba memiliki nilai penting sebesar 300. Vegetasi Sonneratia alba memiliki nilai penting bagi

ekosistem mangrove sebagai nursery ground dan feeding ground yang artinya bahwa Sonneratia alba memiliki peran yang lebih penting di dalam ekosistemnya, seperti sebagai pemecah gelombang tinggi, tempat memijah, memelihara anak, mencari makan dan perlindungan berbagai macam ikan atau organisme yang hidup di sekitarnya.. Disamping itu mangrove baik Rhizophus mucronata maupun Sonneratia alba berfungsi sebagai penambat mayat maupun puing-puing baja. Serasah atau detritus meliputi semua bahan tumbuhan yang sudah mati dan melalui beberapa tahapan dekomposisi dapat menghasilkan energi potensial bagi kehidupan konsumen. Perbedaan produksi serasah dapat dipengaruhi oleh struktur vegetasi, umur tegakan, kondisi geografis (kemiringan) dan perubahan iklim musiman. Apabila vegetasi memiliki kerapatan yang tinggi serta diameter batang yang besar maka akan menghasilkan produksi serasah yang rendah. Kandungan serasah mangrove dapat diketahui dari daun vegetasi mangrove yang berguguran. Fi merupakan frekuensi jenis artinya besarnya peluang ditemukannya mangrove jenis tertentu disuatu tempat. Pada plot II terdapat 2 jenis mangrove dengan nilai RFi Sonneratia alba sebesar 100%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sebaran jenis mangrove yang ada dominan dominan Sonneratia alba. Nilai penting memiliki arti bahwa suatu jenis mangrove memiliki peranan yang penting di dalam ekosistemnya. Nilai penting yang tinggi berarti bahwa jenis tersebut sangat mempengaruhi kestabilan ekosistem. Berdasarkan data hasil pengamatan jenis mangrove Sonneratia alba memiliki nilai penting yang paling tinggi yaitu sebesar 161.7 dan nilai penting untuk Rhizopora apiculata adalah sebesar 118.3. Vegetasi Rhizopora apiculata mempunyai peranan penting dalam membantu memecah gelombang tinggi sehingga gelombang yang sampai ke daratan dapat dikurangi frekuensinya sehingga kerusakan yang diakibatkan tidak terlalu tinggi. Sonneratia alba memiliki nilai penting bagi ekosistem mangrove sebagai nursery ground dan feeding ground yang artinya bahwa Sonneratia alba memiliki peran yang lebih penting di dalam ekosistemnya, seperti sebagai pemecah gelombang tinggi, tempat memijah, memelihara anak, mencari makan dan perlindungan berbagai macam ikan atau organisme yang hidup di sekitarnya. Mangrove merupakan salah satu sumberdaya perikanan yang memiliki arti penting

di dalam ekosistemnya. Adanya upaya pemanfaatan yang dilakukan secara terus-menerus tanpa adanya keseimbangan untuk menjaga kelestariannya dapat berkibat pada rusak atau punahnya sumberdaya tersebut. Kerusakan satu jenis sumberdaya akan memberikan dampak pada ketidakseimbangan ekosistem yang lainnya. Guna menghindari adanya kerusakan atau kepunahan hutan mangrove maka pemanfaatan yang dilakukan harus bersifat bertanggung jawab.

V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN A. Kesimpulan Balai Pengawasan Hutan Mangrove Ngurah rai, Denpasar, Bali didominasi oleh mangrove jenis mangrove Rhizopora mucronata dan Sonneratia alba. Kawasan hutan mangrove yang berada di Ngurah rai, Denpasar, Bali sistem pengelolaannya baik karena merupakan kawasan yang dilindungi dan dijaga dengan baik. Perbandingan hasil pengamatan plot 1 dan 2 cukup berbeda karena dari kedua plot yang ada jenis tumbuhan yang didapatkan berbeda dan tingkat diversitasnya rendah. Kawasan pengelolaan mangrove yang diamati tercemar oleh sampah dan minyak sebagai dampak kegiatan manusia. B. Saran Hendaknya dilakukan susur pantai untuk membersihkan plastik yang ada di sekitar mangrove dan membuat instalasi untuk penanggulangan minyak dari kegiatan manusia.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA Anonim.2011. Tahura. http://www.dephut.go.id/informasi/twa/tahura/ngurah.htm. diakses

tanggal 23 April 2011. Bengen, D.G. 2000. Sinopsis Ekosistem dan Sumberdaya Alam Pesisir. Pusat Kajian Pesisir dan Lautan Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor, Indonesia. Bengen, D.G. 2002. Pengenalan dan Pengelolaan Ekosistem Mangrove. PKSPL-IPB. Bogor. Dahuri, R.,et.al. 1996 & 2001 (edisi revisi). Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Wilayah Lautan Secara Terpadu. PT Pradnya Paramita. Jakarta. Idawaty. 1999. Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan dan Perencanaan Lansekap Hutan Mangrove Di Muara Sungai Cisadane, Kecamatan Teluk Naga, Jawa Barat. Tesis Magister. Program Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor, Indonesia. IUCN - The Word Conservation Union. 1993. Oil and Gas Exploration and Production in Mangrove Areas. IUCN. Gland, Switzerland. Kaswadji, R. 2001. Keterkaitan Ekosistem Di Dalam Wilayah Pesisir. Sebagian bahan kuliah SPL.727 (Analisis Ekosistem Pesisir dan Laut). Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan IPB. Bogor, Indonesia. Khazali, M. 1998. Panduan Teknis Penanaman Mangrove Bersama Masyarakat. Wetland International Indonesia Programme. Bogor, Indonesia. Nybakken, J.W. 1992. Biologi Laut Suatu Pendekatan Ekologis. Alih bahasa oleh M. Eidman., Koesoebiono., D.G. Bengen., M. Hutomo., S. Sukardjo. PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta, Indonesia. Pesisir dan

Pramudji. 2000. Hutan Mangrove di Indonesia: Peranan, Permasalahan dan Pengelolaannya. Oseana XXV (1) : 13 20. Santoso, N. 2000. Pola Pengawasan Ekosistem Mangrove. Makalah disampaikan pada Lokakarya Nasional Pengembangan Sistem Pengawasan Ekosistem Laut Tahun 2000. Jakarta, Indonesia. Supriharyono. 2000. Pelestarian dan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam di Wilayah Pesisir Tropis. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta, Indonesia.