plant tissue culture an into duct ion

24
PLANT TISSUE CULTURE

Upload: api-3799297

Post on 07-Jun-2015

778 views

Category:

Documents


2 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Plant Tissue Culture an Into Duct Ion

PLANT TISSUE CULTURE

Page 2: Plant Tissue Culture an Into Duct Ion

KONSEP DASAR KULJARTUMBKONSEP DASAR KULJARTUMB

Organisme hidup memiliki kemampuan untukmempertahankan generasinya

Pembiakan

Generatif Vegetatif

Page 3: Plant Tissue Culture an Into Duct Ion

KONSEP DASAR KULJARTUMBKONSEP DASAR KULJARTUMB

Pembiakan generatif : Perpaduan gamet jantandan betina dari tanaman induk

Mencari sifat unggul …… varietas baru

Pembiakan Vegetatif : Menggunakan bagianvegetatif tanaman induk

Terdiri dari 2 : Vegetatif alamiah & buatan

Page 4: Plant Tissue Culture an Into Duct Ion

KONSEP DASAR KULJARTUMBKONSEP DASAR KULJARTUMB

Vegetatif Alamiah : Tunas akar, tunas batang, daun ……. Umbi batang (tuber), umbi akar(tuberous root)

Vegetatif buatan : setek, cangkok, Okulasi

TeknikTeknik PropagasiPropagasi KonvensionalKonvensional ---------- MakropropagasiMakropropagasi

Page 5: Plant Tissue Culture an Into Duct Ion

KONSEP DASAR KULJARTUMBKONSEP DASAR KULJARTUMB

Pembiakan vegetatif Sifat sama denganInduk

Tanaman baru hasil Pembiakan Vegetatif

KLONKLON

Page 6: Plant Tissue Culture an Into Duct Ion

WHAT IS PLANT TISSUE CULTURE ?

IN VITRO CULTUREIN VITRO PLANT PROPAGATIONMICROPROPAGATION

Page 7: Plant Tissue Culture an Into Duct Ion

DefinisiDefinisi

Teknik budidaya sel, jaringan, organ tanaman dalam suatu lingkungan yang terkendali dan dalam kondisi aseptik secaraIn vitroRudolf Virchow (1850) : “Semua sel berasaldari sel yang telah ada”

Page 8: Plant Tissue Culture an Into Duct Ion

DefinisiDefinisi

Page 9: Plant Tissue Culture an Into Duct Ion

DefinisiDefinisi

Early Cell Culture ….

…Haberlandt .. early 1900’s… proposed concept of totipotency

… cells cultured under right conditions

Page 10: Plant Tissue Culture an Into Duct Ion

Plant Growth and DevelopmentPlant Growth and DevelopmentPerkembangan merupakan akumulasi dari semua

perubahan yang terjadi pada suatu organisme selama

menjalani siklus hidupnya

Dormansi – Germinasi – tumbuh – flowering and

fruiting - deathPerkembangan sebuah ekspresi dari program

genetik yang berpengaruh pada aktivitas dan interaksi

suatu individu

Page 11: Plant Tissue Culture an Into Duct Ion

Plant Growth and DevelopmentPlant Growth and Development

Plant GrowthSuatu pola yang bersifatkuantitatifPerubahan ukuran atau volumeBersifat Irreversible

Steven Newman “Perkembangan terdiri daridua tahapan” yaitu :

DiferensiasiPertumbuhan

Page 12: Plant Tissue Culture an Into Duct Ion

Plant Growth and DevelopmentPlant Growth and Development

Diferensiasi :- “Differences other than size that arise

among cells, tissue, and organs”

- “ Any situation where meristematicregion gives rise to two or more types of cells, tissues or organ with qualitative differences”

Page 13: Plant Tissue Culture an Into Duct Ion

Plant Growth and DevelopmentPlant Growth and Development

Diferensiasi dan pertumbuhan umumnya :Take place concurentlyGrowth may take place without differentiation :- Kalus

Page 14: Plant Tissue Culture an Into Duct Ion

Plant Growth and DevelopmentPlant Growth and Development

Diferensiasi :Dediferensiasi : Proses perkembangan balikdari bagian dewasa tanaman menjadisekelompok sel yang aktif membelah(embrionik), Ex : KalusRediferensiasi : Proses tumbuh danberkembang kembali dari sel-sel embrionikmembentuk spesialiasi/formasi akar, daundan tunas

Page 15: Plant Tissue Culture an Into Duct Ion

Plant Growth and DevelopmentPlant Growth and Development

Dediferensiasi

Rediferensiasi

Page 16: Plant Tissue Culture an Into Duct Ion

Early tissue culture ….

- Dependent on discovery of“growth regulators”

] Cell enlargement … role of auxins] Cell division ... role of cytokinins

] (Skoog and Miller) … interaction of auxin

and cytokinin gives differentiation

Page 17: Plant Tissue Culture an Into Duct Ion

KARAKTERISTIK TEKNIK KULTUR JARINGAN TUMBUHAN

SKALA MIKRO

OPTIMALISASI KONDISI LINGKUNGAN (CAHAYA,TEMPERATUR,NUTRISI)

ASEPTIK (SEMUA MIKROBA, Ex : FUNGI, BAKTERI…ARE EXCLUDED)

Page 18: Plant Tissue Culture an Into Duct Ion

KARAKTERISTIK TEKNIK KULTUR JARINGAN TUMBUHAN

POLA PERTUMBUHAN/PERKEMBANGAN NORMAL AKAN MENGHASILKAN BENTUKAN KALUS, TUNAS, AKAR, ADVENTIVE PATTERN

SINGLE SEL MAMPU MELAKUKAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN

BAHAN TANAM BERSIFAT TOTIPOTEN

Page 19: Plant Tissue Culture an Into Duct Ion

KLASIFIKASI KULTUR JARINGAN

BERDASARKAN SUMBER EKSPLAN :KULTUR JARINGAN DENGAN MATERIAL VEGETATIFKULTUR JARINGAN DENGAN MATERIAL GENERATIF

Page 20: Plant Tissue Culture an Into Duct Ion

KLASIFIKASI KULTUR JARINGAN

KULTUR JARINGAN DENGAN MATERIAL VEGETATIF :

KULTUR MERISTEMKULTUR PUCUKKULTUR TUNAS LIAR/PALSUKULTUR KALUSKULTUR SEL/KULTUR SUSPENSIKULTUR PROTOPLAS

Page 21: Plant Tissue Culture an Into Duct Ion

KULTUR JARINGAN DENGAN MATERIAL GENERATIF :

KULTUR ANTHERKULTUR OVULEKULTUR BIJI

KLASIFIKASI KULTUR JARINGAN

Page 22: Plant Tissue Culture an Into Duct Ion

MANFAAT KULTUR JARINGAN

MELESTARIKAN SIFAT UNGGUL TANAMAN INDUKMENGHASILKAN TANAMAN YANG MEMILIKI SIFAT SERAGAMMENGHASILKAN TANAMAN YANG BEBAS VIRUSUPAYA PELESTARIAN PLASMA NUTFAH SPESIES TANAMAN YANG MULAI LANGKA

Page 23: Plant Tissue Culture an Into Duct Ion

MANFAAT KULTUR JARINGAN

PRODUKSI METABOLIT SEKUNDERSIFAT SAMA DENGAN INDUKPERCEPATAN BUDIDAYA TANAMAN

PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI PANGAN

Page 24: Plant Tissue Culture an Into Duct Ion

Design Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan

Umumnya laboratorium Kultur Jaringanterdiri dari :- General washing Area- Media preparation, Sterlization ‘n storage Area- Aseptic Transfer area- Environmentally Controlled Incubators or

Culture room- Data collection Area