pip lecture 3

3/27/2010

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27/03/2010 Kuliah III, Pengantar Ilmu Pertanian 1

Kuliah 3: Sejarah Pertanian

IPB 107; 2(2-0)


SEJARAH PERTANIA N

TIK :

Setelah mengikuti kuliah ini, anda akandapat menjelaskan sejarah pertanian.

27/03/2010 Kuliah III, Pengantar Ilmu Pertanian 3 27/03/2010 Kuliah III, Pengantar Ilmu Pertanian 4

Sejarah pertanian

Sejarah pertanian


Sejarah Pertanian


History of Agriculture

Hunter-Gatherers

Neolithic RevolutionDomestication of Plants and Animals

Diffusion of Agriculture

Agricultural Industrialization

The “Green Revolution”

Modern Agribusiness

Area Cereals & Grasses Pulses Fiber Roots & Tubers MelonsFertile

Crescent

emmer and einkorn

wheat, barley

pea, lentil,

chickpea

flax ------ muskmelon

China Foxtail millet, broom

corn millet, rice

soybean, adzuki

bean, mung bean

hemp ------ ------

Meso-

america

corn pole bean, scarlet

runner bean

cotton,

yucca

jicama squashes

Andes

Amazonia

quinoa lima bean, pole

bean

cotton manioc, sweet potato,

potato, oca

squashes

West Africa Sorghum, millet,

African rice

cowpea, ground

nut

cotton African yams watermelon,

bottle gourd

India ------ Hyacinth bean,

gram bean

cotton,

flax

------ cucumber

Ethiopia finger millet ------ (coffee) ------ ------ ------

E. United

States

maygrass, barley,

knotweed, goosefoot

------ ------ Jerusalem artichoke squash

New

Guinea

sugar cane ------ ------ yams, taro ------

food production.

2500 B.C.

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Pemburu dan Pengumpul

Hingga 11,000 SM,disemua benuasebagai pemburu danpengumpul

11,000 SM -1500 ADperbedaanperkembangan antarbenua

The spread of humans around the world.How do we know? Archaeology


Hunter-Gatherers

Humanity’s only “economic” activity for atleast 90% of our existence.

Low population densities.

Wide variety of natural foodstuffs eaten.

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Asal muasal PanganArea

Date

S.W. Asia8,500 B.C.

China7,500 B.C.

Mesoamerica3500 B.C.

Domesticated

Plants

Wheat, Pea,Olive

Rice, Millet

Corn,BeansSquash

Domesticated

Animals

Sheep, Goat

Pig, Silkworm

Turkey

A question mark indicates Andes, Potatothis may be an origin or Amazonia Manioc

influenced by the spread of 3500 B.C.

27/03/2010 Kuliah III, Pengantar Ilmu Pertanian

Eastern Sunflower,United States Goosefoot

LlamaGuinea pig

None


Dibudidayakan

Liar sudah berkurangPerkembangan teknologipengumpulan,pengolahan danpenyimpananPertambahan pendudukdan produksi pangan


Tumbuhan utama zaman Purba

Fertile CrescentCivilization; cities,

writing, empires, andagriculture.Mediterranean climate.

Easily domesticatedplants.

Most of the plantspollinate themselves.

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Mediterranean Climate


Mediterranean AgricultureWhere: areas surrounding the

Mediterranean, California, Oregon,Chile, South Africa, Australia

Climate has summer dry season.Landscape is mountainous.

crops: olives, grapes, nuts, fruits andvegetables; winter wheat

California: high quality land is beinglost to suburbanization; initially offsetby irrigation


Potato, native of Peru

Native to the Andes of Peru,the potato plant is nowcultivated throughout thetemperate regions of theworld. It is grown for humanconsumption and for its starch.Other uses or connections

manufacture alcoholAdhesives

Underground, safe food forwarring factions


Sugarcane, native to PolynesiaThe common sugarcane is

extensively cultivated intropical and subtropicalcountries throughout theworld for the sugarcontained within its many-jointed stems. Sugarcanegrows to about 8 to 20 feethigh and has stems 1 to 2inches thick.Other uses or connections

rum

slavery

food additive


Cotton, native to Asia

Cotton, natural vegetable fiberof great economic importanceas a raw material for cloth. Itswidespread use is largely dueto the ease with which itsfibers are spun into yarns andit comfort.Other uses or connections

textile

seed oil

papermaking

slavery


Tea, native to East Asia

Tea, is brewed from the driedleaves of this plant and hasbeen drunk in China forcenturies. It was first brought toEurope by the Dutch in theearly 17th century AD. Englandbecame the only Europeancountry of tea drinkers ratherthan coffee drinkers.Other uses or connections

Creation of cups withhandles

China, Hong Kong, andIndia become part of theBritish empire

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3/27/2010

Mengadakan ekosistem buatan yangbertugas menyediakan bahan makanan

Biji-bijian dan bertanam; berburu danbeternak; mencari ikan dan budidaya;mengolah tanah dan menyimpan; pasar


Pertanian MenetapEkosistem mantap, stabilitas tanah,pasokan hara, sawah


budidaya ikan


sayuran


usaha budidaya jamur

pip lecture 3

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