pik pasca lingkungan

8/12/2019 Pik Pasca Lingkungan

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SUTEDJOLab. Ekologi Hutan dan Konservasi

PIK-

S2_Lingkungan

[email protected]


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Development Energy

Space

Waste

Climate change

Disaster

(natural..?)

Local

impact

Sustain

[email protected]

Global Warming

Global impact

Waste

Waste

Waste

Waste


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Manusia dan Ruang

(dalam perspektif ekosistem)

Manusia Bertambah,Meningkat tuntutan:

Energi dalam

Ekosistem

1. Energi

2. Ruang

Energi habis pakai

Energi terbarukan

R U M

Dampak Pembangunan

Makhluk

hidup lain?

?

Manusia

Survive?

the population

of the world is6,789,976,917.

(12 Oct.2009)

Pik-dhe

tedjo-2011


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Energy Conversion


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Electrical gain by fossil combustion and nuclear power


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Energy Use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)

Nr. Negara EU*

EMS**

(metric

ton CO2)

Income

(US Dollar)

Electric.

Use

Electric.

available1 Australia 6,019 18,6 46,200 10,864,152 222,000,000,000

2 Bangladesh 192 0,3 700 148,048 23,940,000,000

3 Malaysia 2,655 7,6 7,760 3,724,048 99,250,000,000

4 Indonesia 816 1,7 2,500 508,321 119,300,000,000

5 Japan 3,880 9,5 41,850 7,701,962 858,500,000,000

6 Thailand 1,557 4,2 4,150 2,052,118 134,400,000,000

7 Vietnam 685 1,5 1,160 602,259 85,600,000,000

8 Singapore 3,452 6,7 40,070 8,053,094 37,110,000,000

9 China 1,559 ?? 4,270 2,584,876

3,438,000,000,0

00

10 India 520 1,5 1,270 502,714 568,000,000,00011 Brazil 1,298 2,1 9,350 2,116,723 402,200,000,000

12 Rusia 4,850 12.00 9,900 6,968,565 857,600,000,000

13 South Korea 4,669 10,5 19,890 7,515,579 402,000,000,000

14 North Korea 860 3,2 ?? 800,713 18,800,000,000

15 Arab Saudi 5,888 16,6 16,190 5,981,659 165,100,000,000


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The Top 10 Countries that Use Nuclear Energy Power

Plants in Terms of Percentage of Electricity Generated

from Nuclear Energy

1) France - 76.2%

2) Slovakia - 56.4%

3) Belgium - 53.8%

4) Ukraine - 47.4%5) Armenia - 43.5%

6) Sweden - 42%

7) Slovenia and Croatia share the same place - 41.7%

8) Switzerland - 39.2%

9) Hungary - 37.2%

10) South Korea - 35.6%


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Electrical Energy Produced By Fossil Fuel Combustion

(Billion

Kilowatthours)

G8 NationFossil Fuel

CombustionTotal %

Canada 154.55 569.41 27.1%France 52.23 535.45 9.8%

Germany 354.78 561.57 63.2%

Italy 223.16 268.18 83.2%

Japan 640.17 982.76 65.1%

Russia 569.72 869.07 65.6%

United Kingdom 278.21 373.26 74.5%

United States 2,758.65 3,891.72 70.9%

Source:International Energy Database (2008), Energy Information Administration


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Pemanasan global (global warming)

Dampak akumulasi polusi di udara (atmosfer) akibat pembakaranbahan bakar mengandung senyawa hidrokarbon (kayu, energiberasal dari fosil hidrokarbon)

Polutant terakumulasi membangun sungkup (bejana di atmosferbumi/efek rumah kaca) yang menghalangi pantulan panas dari bumikembali ke atmosfer sehingga terjadi gejala global warming(pemanasan global).

Global warming diyakini oleh mayoritas sebagai ancaman bagipembangunan berkelanjutan.

Berbagai upaya dilakukan agar global warming dapatdikendalikan/dikurangi antara lain melalui proyek tanam pohonberhadiah (CDM-project) maupun proyek kurangi tebang pohon

berhadiah (REDD-project dan REDD-plus-project) Sayangnya belum ada proyek kurangi bakar energi fosil

berhadiah.siapa yang mau ngasih hadiah?

Pik-dhe

tedjo-2011


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Glasshouse Effect


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Humans Activities

The most obvious impact of humans onecosystems is the loss of biodiversity. Thenumber of extinctions caused by humandomination of ecosystems has been steadilyincreasing since the start of the IndustrialRevolution.

The frequency of species extinctions iscorrelated to the size of human population onthe Earth. This size of the human population isdirectly related to resource consumption, land-use change, and environmental degradation.


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Pembangunan

Merupakan keniscayaan

Motor penggerak peradaban manusia

Melahap energi dan memangsa banyak ruang

Menimbulkan akibat dan dampak Konsumsi energi perkapita negara kaya/maju

lebih besar daripada negaramiskin/berkembang.

Konsumsi energi perkapita tidak selalu linier(berbanding lurus) dengan kerusakanlingkungan.

Pik-dhetedjo-2011


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Pemanfaatan LingkunganPerubahan Lingkungan

Timbul Akibat (effect) maupun

dampak (impact)

PEMBANGUNAN

(Usaha atau Kegiatan)


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As of 12 October 2009, the

population of the world, according to

the regularly updated population

clock, is 6,789,976,917. This figurecontinues to rise with every minute.

(browsing google, 10 Juni 2010).


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7,051,420,189

Population growth today

183,146Births today

78,220Deaths today

104,926Net population growth today

Population growth this year

67,653,113Births this year

28,894,054Deaths this year

38,759,059Net population growth this year

Current World Population: 7,051,420,189

Diunggah dari: current world population by worldometer

(5 Juli 2012, pk. 12.10 wite)


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7,126,447,295

Population growth today

191,597Births today

81,829Deaths today

109,768Net population growth today

Population growth this year

65,847,856Births this year

28,123,044Deaths this year

37,724,812Net population growth this year

Current World Population: 7,126,447,425

Diunggah dari: current world population by worldometer

(1 Juli 2013, pk. 12.40 wi te)


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How is the population distributed around the world?


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Land Surface

29.2% of the Earth's surface is

covered by land surface (149million km2), and 70.8% of the

Earth's surface is water (361

million km2).


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Ekosistem

Ruang Kehidupan

Udara/tanah/air

Sun

heterotrof

Auto-

trof

Pik-dhetedjo-2011

Auto-

trofAuto-

trof

Auto-

trof

Auto-

trofAuto-

trofheterotrof

heterotrofheterotrofheterotrof

heterotrof

heterotrof

heterotrof

heterotrof

Auto-

trofAuto-

trof


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Sang

Konsumen

(Consumers)

BIOLO

GIt-dhetedjo-2011


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Plant species diversity


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How is the population distributed around the world?


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Plant species diversity How is the population distributedaround the world?


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Tidak secara spesifik disebut dalam UU 41/1999 tentang

kehutanan.

Hanya dikenal hutan dengan fungsi konservasi (selain

dua fungsi yang lain)

Justru ada dalam UUPR 26/2007 (dalam lingkup

kawasan lindung)

Konservasi Hayati

bukan hanya urusan

hutan/kehutanan

Kawasan konservasi


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STATUS JENIS DALAM PERLINDUNGAN

(berdasar iucn-red list)

1. Terabaikan (least concern)

2. Hampir terancam (near threatened)3. Tergantung perlindungan (conservationdependent)

4. Rawan punah (vulnerable)

5. Terancam (endangered)

6. Genting (critically endangered)

7. Punah di alam (extinct in the wild)

8. Punah (extinct)


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Unit atau kesatuan pengelolaan konservasi

dibagi dalam tiga tingkatan :

1. Unit Ekosistem

2. Unit Jenis (Species)

3. Unit genetik/plasma nutfah (germ plasm)


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1. Unit Ekosistem dikelola berdasar potensikeragaman ekosistem

2. Unit Jenis (Species) dikelola berdasar

potensi keragaman jenis (spesies) pada

suatu ekosistem3. Unit genetik/plasma nutfah (germ plasm)

dikelola berdasar potensi keragaman

genetik dalam suatu spesies


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Memahami Ekosistem

Ada gamelan, keroncong, Pop, dangdut, jazz, orkestra dll. (sulit

mengatakan musik yang satu lebih baik drpd yang lainnya)

Ada seperangkat alat musik (elemen penyusun ekosistem).

Cara membunyikan alat yang dipetik, dipukul, ditiup, digesek (sifat2

spesifik elemen) Ada yang tunggal ada yang lebih dari satu (populasi tiap elemen)

Bahan pembuat berbeda-beda (habitus, sifat fisualistik)

Ada yang besar ada yang kecil (atribut dimensional)

Menghasilkan bunyi spesifik (relung ekologis, niche) Berfungsi/difungsikan dengan pola nada tertentu (posisi/peran

ekologis).

Ekosistem itu ibarat Musik


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Alat Musik


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Elemen Penyusun Ekosistem

(matarantai ekosistem)


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KONSERVASIFLORA FAUNA

Perlindungan/Penetapan al.

kawasan Hutan konservasi

(TWA, TN dan Tahura)

Perlindungan

status Hukum,

IUCN

Penetapan/perlindungan spesies

target misal berupa suaka

margasatwa dan

cagar alam

Perlindunganswakarsa,

kesadaran

publik

Perlindungan/Kesepakatan antar

pihak (al. CITES)


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Invasive Species (Alien)

Spesies tumbuhan atau satwa

Datang dari tempat lain masuk ke dalam suatuekosistem yang sedang mengalamigangguan/distabilitas.

Tumbuh pesat, menjadi dominan permanen ditempat baru.

Dapat menggilas maupun mengusir spesies

yang asli. Secara ekologis ekonomis cenderung

merugikan.


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Acacia nilotica, TN Meru Betiri

Ikan Pearchdanau Victoria

Ikan Tomangdanau Jempang

Eichornia crassipes (Eceng Gondok)

seluruh sungai dan danau besar

Merremia peltata, TN Sumatera

Selatan

BOTH ANIMAL AND PLANTS


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Taman nasionalBaluran, JaTim


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Pomacea canaliculata Lamarck

Keong masdewasa dan

telur di daun

padi


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Population Growth and Competition-1

Odum (1971) defines populat ionas acollective group of organisms of the samespecies (or other groups within which individualsmay exchange genetic information) occupying a

particular space, that has various characteristics,which, although best expressed as statisticalfunctions, are the unique possession of thegroup and are not characteristic of the

individuals in the group.


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Some of these properties are density, natality

(birth rate), mortality (death rate), age

distribution, biotic potential, dispersion and

growth form. Populations also possess geneticcharacteristics directly related to their ecology:

adaptiveness, reproductive (Darwinian) fitness

and persistence (i.e. probability of leaving

descendents over long periods of time).


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We know that populations cannot grow

indefinitely (including humans). Resources are

limited so a leveling off must occur.The

population growth theories such an S-shapedpopulation curve called Sigmoid grow th curve

as well as different theories and models for

competition among population/species.


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Tuntutan terhadap ENERGI meningkat

Energy consumBumi makin panas

CDM

REDD

REDD+

Pik-dhetedjo-2011

Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)


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Energy use refers to use of primary energy before transformation to other end-use fuels, which is

equal to indigenous production plus imports and stock changes, minus exports and fuels supplied to

ships and aircraft engaged in international transport.

International Energy Agency (IEA Statistics OECD/IEA, http://www.iea.org/stats/index.asp).


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WHAT ARE THE MAIN SOURCES OF CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS?

Since the Industrial Revolution, human

activitiessuch as the burning of oil, coaland gas, as

well as deforestationhave greatly

increased CO2concentrations in the atmosphere. As

we can see from figure 1, almost all CO2emissions(about 96.5%) come from fossil fuelsuse. The 3

types of fossil fuelsthat are used the most

are coal, natural gasand petroleum. When fossil

fuelsare combusted, the carbon stored in them is

emitted almost entirely as CO2.1
http://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.php


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Top 10 Countries that use Nuclear Energy Power

Plants in Terms of Power Generated in Megawatts

The energy produced by nuclear energy power plants is

measured in megawatts. The United States tops the list

with more than 101 megawatts of power produced. Thisis roughly one-fourth of the total nuclear energy

produced in the world. France follows at a far second

with energy output of 63 megawatts. Japan takes the

third place followed by Russia and Germany, which

completes the list of the top five countries that produceelectricity from nuclear energy power plants.

The Top 10 Countries that use Nuclear Energy Power


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The Top 10 Countries that use Nuclear Energy Power

Plants in Terms of Megawatts of Energy

1) United States of America2) France

3) Japan

4) Russia

5) Germany

6) South Korea

7) Ukraine

8) Canada

9) United Kingdom

10) Sweden


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Electricity Generated from Nuclear Energy

Although the United States ranks first in the amount ofenergy produced (in megawatts) from nuclear power

plants, it is France that leads the pack when the

percentage of electricity generated from nuclear energy

is concerned. France generates more than 76% of its

total electricity from nuclear energy. The U.S. comes far

behind at 16th as only 19.7% of the total electricity

produced is produced from nuclear energy. 14% of

electricity produced in the world is generated from

nuclear energy. Surprisingly smaller countries likeSlovakia, Belgium, Ukraine and Armenia complete the

top five list. All these countries generate an average of

more than 50% of the total electricity generated from

nuclear energy.


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The three main sectors that

use fossil fuelsare:

1. Transportation2. Utilities (power, gas, oil etc...)

3. Industrial production
http://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.php


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(Ruang Kehidupan)

Dapat disebut Ekosistem (bagian atau elemendari biome)

Elemen dasar ekosistem adalah udara,tanah,air(abiotic element) dan Tumbuhan (autotrof) serta

manusia+satwa (heterotrof)-biotic elements Manusia menjadikan dirinya heterotrof paling

berkuasa dalam ekosistem

Tuntutan perkembangan peradaban yang

dinamis menjadikan manusia mengatur sertamemanfaatkan elemen abiotik dan elementbiotik lain, termasuk ruang.

Pik-dhetedjo-2011


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Glasshouse Gas Emissions


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2.Livestock:

Farm animals create methane emissions in 2 ways. Animals like cows, sheep

and goats are examples of ruminant animalsand during their normal digestion

process they create large amounts of methane. What is called enteric

fermentationoccurs in the stomach of these animals and produces methaneas

a by-product.

The second way that livestockcreate methane emissions is from theirmanure.

When cows, pigs and chickens are raised in an industrial way, there are

obviously large quantities of manurethat get produced by these animalseveryday so farms have to have a way to manage and treat all of this manure.

Livestock manure management is done by using large waste treatment

systems and holding tanks. In these tanks the manuredecomposes but

because the tanks are closed there is no oxygen. When organic

materialdecomposes anaerobically(without oxygen) great quantities of

methane are produced.It's not the animals themselves that are at fault, it's the way and the amount

of livestockthat is raised that should be evaluated. The meat that we eat

everyday contributes significantly to total methane emissions because of these

2 reasons.
http://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.phphttp://www.whatsyourimpact.eu.org/glossary.php


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3. Landfills:

As with manure, landfillsand open garbage dumps

are full of organic matterfrom our garbage (things like

food scraps, newspapers, cut grass and leaves).Everytime new garbage comes in it is pilled over the

old garbage that was already there. The organic

matterin our garbage gets trapped in conditions

where there is no oxygen (anaerobic) and because of

this large amounts of methaneis created.
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Krisis Air

Memahami Ekosistem


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Memahami Ekosistem

Ada gamelan, keroncong, Pop, dangdut, jazz, orkestra dll. (sulit

mengatakan musik yang satu lebih baik drpd yang lainnya)

Ada seperangkat alat musik (elemen penyusun ekosistem).

Alat yang dipetik, dipukul, ditiup, digesek (sifat2 spesifik elemen)

Ada yang tunggal ada yang lebih dari satu (populasi tiap elemen)

Bahan pembuat berbeda-beda (habitus, sifat fisualistik)

Ada yang besar ada yang kecil (atribut dimensional)

Menghasilkan bunyi spesifik (relung ekologis, niche)

Berfungsi/difungsikan dengan pola tertentu (posisi/peranekologis).

Ekosistem itu ibarat Musik


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Musik mana lebih baik daripada yang

lain?????

Alat mana yang lebih penting dibanding

yang lain????

Siapa yang harus (BERHAK) menilai?


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Ragam ekosistem

Ekosistem daratan (terestrial) dan perairan (aquatik).

Ada ekostsem danau

Ada ekosistem pantai

Ada eksosistem hutan

Ada ekosistem rawa dan rawa gambut Ada ekosistem kapur dan Karst

Ada ekosistem muara/ delta sungai besar

Ada ekosistem persawahan dan perkampungan

Ada ekositem perkebunan.

Ada ekosistem perkotaan.

Ekositem hutan pegunungan.

Ekosistem terumbu karang.

Bagaimana Menghargai Ekosistem?


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Bagaimana Menghargai Ekosistem?

Tahukah saya batasan atau pengertian ekosistem secara universal?

Ekosistem apa yang sedang saya hadapi/akan dinilai?

Seberapa mampu saya mengetahui elemen penyusun ekosistem?

Bagaimana saya mengetahui atribut masing-masing penyusunekosistem?

Sejauh mana saya mengetahui fungsi/peranan ekologis masing-

masing elemen?

Seberapa mampu saya menakar nilai ekonomi-sosial elemen2

tersebut? Seberapa signifikant/nyata kepentingan saya terhadap fungsi

ekologis dan nilai sosial-konomi elemen ekosistem tsb?

Untuk menghargai (memberi nilai) pada ekosistem, perlu pertanyaan

berikut dijawab oleh setiap calon penilai:


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Isu-isu terkini ekosistem

Jawa terancam kelangkaan air. Tekanan jumlah

penduduk jadi penyebab. (4 Juli 2012)

El Nino tebar ancaman kekeringan (4 Juli)

Kenaikan permukaan air laut sult dikendalikan. Gambut terdegradasi hingga 50% (30 Juni)

Kebakaran lahan dan lahan di Colorado (30

Juni)


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Landasan Hukum Konservasi

Landasan hukum UU konservasi no.5/1990, UU Penataan Ruang nr. 26/2007,UU Kehutanan nr. 41/1999.

Konservasi kawasan al. hutan denganfungsi konservasi, fungsi lindung (UU nr.41/1999)

Konservasi Kawasan Lindung al. daerahrawan bencana, sempadan sungai,mataair, cagar budaya dll (UU nr.26/2007)

Pik-d

hetedjo-2011


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Konservasi Kawasan Hutan

Cagar alam, misal CA Kersik Luway

Suaka margasatwa, misal Ujung Kulon

Taman nasional (TN), misal TN Kutai

Taman Wisata alam (TWA)

Taman hutan raya (TAHURA), misal Bukit

Soeharto

Taman Buru, belum ada di Kaltim

Pik-d

hetedjo-2011


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Hutan Lindung

Topografi/bentang alam terjal Kawasan hutan dengan fungsi melindungi

kehidupan (manusia) di bagian hilirnya

Mencegah banjir, tanah longsor

Menjaga tataair dan kesuburan tanah bagikehidupan di bagian hilir/di bawahnya (sawah,ladang, pemukiman)

Contoh di Kaltim Hutan Lindung Sungai Weindan Manggar (sudah ditunjuk oleh pemerintah)untuk melindungi masyrakat kota Balikpapan

Pik-d

hetedjo-2011


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SuteDjo

HP-0812 5302 0541

Pik-d

hetedjo-2011

SEKI N DULU


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SUTEDJO

pns dosen ptn

PENGANTAR ILMU KONSERVASI

PROGRAM PASCA ILMU LINGKUNGAN

pakte

[email protected]


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Energy Consumption


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Which Country?


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World Energy Consumption, 1965-2008

E C i


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Energy Conversion


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Pemanfaatan Lingkungan

Perubahan Lingkungan

Timbul Akibat (effect) maupun

dampak (impact)

PEMBANGUNAN

(Usaha atau Kegiatan)


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Sumber Daya Alam Hayati Indonesia, Potensi &


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y y ,

Ancaman Kepunahan

Indonesia memiliki potensi keanekaragaman spesiessatwa yang sangat tinggi, yaitu sekitar 12% (515 species,39% endemik) dari total spesies binatang menyusui,urutan kedua di dunia; 7,3% (511 spesies, 150 endemik)dari total spesies reptilian, urutan keempat di dunia; 17%(1531 spesies, 397 endemik) dari total spesies burung didunia, urutan kelima; 270 spesies amfibi, 100 endemik,urutan keenam di dunia; dan 2827 spesies binatang tidakbertulang belakang, selain ikan air tawar. Selanjutnya,Indonesia memiliki 35 spesies primata (urutan keempat,18% endemik) dan 121 spesies kupu-kupu (44%endemik). Indonesia menjadi satu-satunya negarasetelah Brazil, dan mungkin Columbia, dalam hal urutan

keanekaragaman ikan air tawar, yaitu sekitar 1400spesies (Dephut 1994; Mittermeier dkk. 1997).

Tumbuhan


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Tumbuhan

Dalam hal keanekaragaman tumbuhan,

Indonesia menduduki peringkat lima besar di

dunia; yaitu memiliki lebih dari 38.000

spesies, 55% endemik. Keanekaragaman

palem di Indonesia menempati urutanpertama, mencapai 477, 225 endemik. Lebih

dari setengah dari seluruh spesies (350)

pohon penghasil kayu bernilai ekonomi

penting (dari famili Dipterocarpaceae)terdapat di negara ini, 155 di antaranya

endemik di Kalimantan (Dephut 1994;

Newman 1999).


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Status terancam (endangered) biasa

digunakan oleh IUCN, merupakan statuspada tingkat taksonomi JENIS.

Status dilindungi tidak bersifat permanen

(CITES)


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STATUS JENIS DALAM PERLINDUNGAN

(berdasar iucn-red list)

1. Terabaikan (least concern)

2. Hampir terancam (near threatened)

3. Tergantung perlindungan (conservationdependent)

4. Rawan punah (vulnerable)

5. Terancam (endangered)

6. Genting (critically endangered)

7. Punah di alam (extinct in the wild)

8. Punah (extinct)

D P d d


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Dasar Perundang-undangan

Terkait Konservasi

1. UU No. 24/1992 tentang Penataan ruang

2. UU No. 26/2007 tentang penataan ruang

3. UU No. 5/1990 tentang Konservasi Sumber Daya Hayati danEkosistemnya.

4. UU No. 41/1999, tentang Kehutanan5. UU No. 27/2001 tentang Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup.

6. PP No. 34/ 2002 Tentang Tata Hutan dan PenyusunanRencana Pengelolaan Hutan, Pemanfaatan Hutan danPenggunaan Kawasan Hutan.

7. PP No. 6/2007 Tentang Tata Hutan dan Penyusunan Rencana

Pengelolaan Hutan, Serta Pemanfaatan Hutan.8. PP No. 25/2000 Tentang pembagian kewenangan..

9. PP No. 38/2007 Tentang pembagian kewenangan


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TINGKAT KONSERVASI

1. Tingkat Ekosistem

2. Tingkat Spesies

3. Tingkat Genetik (plasma

nutfah)


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Konsumsi Enerji dan Perubahan Iklim

(Climate Change)

1. Pemanasan Global (globalwarming)

2. Gas Rumah Kaca (ERK)

3. Negara Industri Maju (G-8)

4. Dari CDM ke REDD

5. Dari G-7, G-8 hingga G-20


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BEBERAPA CONTOH KAWASAN

KONSERVASI

1. Kalimantan Timur

2. Kalimantan

3. Indonesia

4. Dunia


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pik pasca lingkungan

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