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PERENCANAAN STRUKTUR SKYBRIDGE PENGHUBUNG ANTAR
GEDUNG TOWER LOFT DAN TOWER OFFICE PROYEK CAPITAL
SQUARE SURABAYA MENGGUNAKAN RANGKA BAJA DENGAN
METODE LRFD
Skripsi
Diajukan Kepada Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Persyaratan Akademik
Dalam Menyelesaiakan Program Sarjana Teknik
Disusun Oleh :
Dicky Arleandy Pratama
(201410340311241)
JURUSAN TEKNIK SIPIL
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
TAHUN 2018
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur kami panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah melimpahkan
rahmat dan hidayahnya sehingga Tugas Akhir ini dapat terealisasikan dengan baik.
Tugas Akhir yang berjudul “Perencanaan Struktur Skybridge Penghubung Antar
Gedung Tower Loft Dan Tower Office Proyek Capital Square Surabaya
Menggunakan Rangka Baja Dengan Metode LRFD” ini di susun dalam rangka
menyelesaikan studi Strata 1 di Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang.
Penyusun Tugas Akhir ini tidak lepas dari bantuan dan dukungan banyak
pihak, oleh sebab itu dalam kesempatan kali ini penulis menyampaikan terimakasih
banyak kepada :
1. Ibu Ir. Rofikatul Karimah, MT sebagai Ketua Program Studi Teknik Sipil Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang, yang telah memberikan izin, arahan, dan petunjuk dalam
penyelesaian skripsi ini;
2. Ibu Ir. Rofikatul Karimah, MT sebagai pembimbing I yang selalu memberikan bantuan,
petunjuk dan arahannya dalam penyelesaian skripsi ini;
3. Bapak Ir. Erwin Rommel, MT selaku dosen pembimbing II yang tanpa lelah membantu
dalam pemahaman untuk penyelesaian skripsi ini;
4. Dosen Penguji I, Ir. Yunan Rusdianto, MT dan Dosen Penguji II, Rizky A.T. Cahyani,
ST, MT atas masukan yang bermanfaat;
5. Bapak Ir. Ernawan Setyono, MT selaku dosen wali yang selalu memberi arahan;
6. Seluruh Dosen dan Karyawan Jurusan Teknik Sipil, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang;
7. Ibu Yusnita Era Ernada, ST yang telah banyak membantu dalam penyelesaian tugas
akhir ini;
8. Teman – teman Teknik Sipil, terutama kelas E 2014;
9. Pengurus dan Anggota Himpunan Mahasiswa Sipil secara keseluruhan;
10. Ibu, Ayah dan Adik yang selalu mendukung, mendoakan dan memberi semangat;
11. Rekan – rekan Asisten Laboratorium Teknik Sipil Secara Keseluruhan.
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .......................................................................................... i
SURAT PERNYATAAN ............................................................................................ ii
LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN ..................................................................................... iii
KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................................ vi
ABSTRAK .................................................................................................................... v
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. vi
DAFTAR ISI .............................................................................................................. vii
DAFTAR TABEL ......................................................................................................... x
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................. xii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................. 1
1.1. Latar Belakang .................................................................................................. 1
1.2. Rumusan Masalah ............................................................................................. 3
1.3. Tujuan ............................................................................................................... 3
1.4. Manfaat ............................................................................................................. 3
1.5. Batasan Masalah................................................................................................ 4
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .................................................................................. 5
2.1. Umum ................................................................................................................ 5
2.2. Load and Resistance Factor Design(LRFD) ..................................................... 6
2.3. Skybridge .......................................................................................................... 7
2.3.1. Definisi Skybridge ..................................................................................... 7
2.3.2. Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Skybridge ...................................................... 8
2.4. Jenis - Jenis Skybridge .................................................................................... 10
2.4.1. Skybridge Dilihat dari Kepemilikan ........................................................ 10
2.4.2. Skybridge Dilihat dari Penyaluran Beban ................................................ 11
2.4.3. Skybridge Dilihat dari Tipe Struktur ....................................................... 14
2.5. Tipe Koneksi antara Skybridge dan Gedung .................................................. 16
2.5.1. Roller-Connected Skybridge .................................................................... 16
2.5.2. Rigid-Connected Skybridge ..................................................................... 16
2.5.3. Hinge-Connected Skybridge .................................................................... 17
2.6. Stabilitas Skybridge Akibat Gedung ............................................................... 18
2.6.1. Simpangan Akibat Gaya Lateral .............................................................. 18
2.6.2. Dilatasi ..................................................................................................... 21
2.7. Pembebanan Skybridge ................................................................................... 23
2.7.1. Beban Mati ............................................................................................... 23
2.7.2. Beban Hidup ............................................................................................ 24
2.7.3. Aksi Lingkungan ...................................................................................... 24
2.8. Struktur Pelat Komposit .................................................................................. 26
2.8.1. Momen Kapasitas Lentur ......................................................................... 27
2.8.2. Desain Tulangan Tumpuan ...................................................................... 30
2.9. Struktur Balok Komposit ................................................................................ 30
2.9.1. Lebar Efektif Balok Komposit ................................................................. 32
2.9.2. Kuat Lentur Balok Pra Komposit............................................................. 32
2.9.3. Tegangan dan Regangan Balok Komposit............................................... 34
2.9.4. Kekuatan Batas Komposit Penuh Daerah Momen Positif ....................... 36
2.10. Struktur Rangka .............................................................................................. 38
2.10.1. Batang Tarik ............................................................................................. 39
2.10.2. Batang Tekan ........................................................................................... 40
2.8. Sambungan Baut ............................................................................................. 42
2.8.1. Jenis Baut ................................................................................................. 42
2.8.2. Tahanan Nominal Baut ............................................................................ 43
2.8.3. Kekuatan Tarik dan Geser Baut ............................................................... 44
2.8.4. Kombinasi Gaya Tarik dan Geser dalam Sambungan Tipe-Tumpuan .... 44
2.9. Sambungan Las ............................................................................................... 45
2.9.1. Tahanan Nominal ..................................................................................... 45
2.10. Sliding Plate Bearings .................................................................................... 46
BAB III METODOLOGI PERENCANAAN ............................................................ 48
3.1. Lokasi Perencanaan ......................................................................................... 48
3.2. Kerangka Perencanaan .................................................................................... 48
3.3. Diagram Alir ................................................................................................... 50
3.4. Data Umum Bangunan .................................................................................... 51
3.5. Data Teknis ..................................................................................................... 51
3.6. Gambar Struktur .............................................................................................. 52
BAB IV PEMBAHASAN........................................................................................... 55
4.1. Pembebanan Tower ......................................................................................... 55
4.1.1. Tower Offfice ........................................................................................... 55
4.1.2. Tower Loft ............................................................................................... 56
4.2. Beban Gempa .................................................................................................. 57
4.2.1. Koefisien Penentu Beban Gempa ............................................................ 58
4.2.2. Parameter Percepatan ............................................................................... 58
4.2.3. Kategori Design Seismik ......................................................................... 59
4.3. Pemodelan Struktur ......................................................................................... 60
4.3.1. Pemodelan Struktur Tower Offfice .......................................................... 60
4.3.2. Pemodelan Struktur Tower Loft .............................................................. 62
4.4. Analisa Simpangan Gedung ............................................................................ 63
4.4.1. Analisa Simpangan Tower Offfice .......................................................... 63
4.4.2. Analisa Simpangan Tower Loft ............................................................... 64
4.4.3. Pergeseran Struktur Skybridge Akibat Simpangan Kedua Gedung ......... 65
4.5. Perencanaan Pelat Skybridge .......................................................................... 68
4.5.1. Pelat Lantai Skbridge ............................................................................... 70
4.5.1.1. Pembebanan Pelat Lantai Skybridge ................................................... 71
4.5.1.2. Perhitungan Momen Pelat Lantai Skybridge....................................... 71
4.5.1.3. Momen Positif pada Pelat Lantai Skybridge ....................................... 72
4.5.1.4. Momen Negatif pada Pelat Lantai Skybridge ..................................... 73
4.5.1.5. Tulangan Susut pada Pelat Lantai Skybridge ...................................... 75
4.5.1.6. Lendutan pada Pelat Lantai Skybridge ................................................ 76
4.6. Perencanaan Stringer Lantai ........................................................................... 77
4.6.1. Pembebanan Stringer Lantai Pra Komposit ............................................. 77
4.6.2. Pembebanan Stringer Lantai Post Komposit ........................................... 77
4.6.3. Perhitungan Statika Stringer Lantai Pra Komposit .................................. 79
4.6.4. Perhitungan Statika Stringer Lantai Post Komposit ................................ 80
4.6.5. Perencanaan Stringer Lantai Pra Komposit ............................................. 81
4.6.5.1. Pemeriksaan Kapasitas Penampang Terhadap Tekuk ......................... 81
4.6.5.2. Kontrol Momen pada Profil Baja ........................................................ 81
4.6.5.3. Kontrol Kelansingan............................................................................ 82
4.6.6. Perencanaan Stringer Lantai Post Komposit ............................................ 82
4.6.6.1. Perencanaan Kuat Lentur Balok Komposit ......................................... 83
4.6.6.2. Kekuatan Balok Terhadap Gaya Geser ............................................... 83
4.6.6.3. Perencanaan Penghubung Geser ......................................................... 84
4.6.6.4. Kontrol Lendutan ................................................................................ 85
4.7. Perencanaan Balok Melintang Lantai ............................................................. 86
4.7.1. Pembebanan Balok Melintang Lantai Pra Komposit ............................... 86
4.7.2. Pembebanan Balok Melintang Lantai Post Komposit ............................. 87
4.7.3. Perhitungan Statika Balok Melintang Lantai Pra Komposit .................... 88
4.7.4. Perhitungan Statika Balok Melintang Lantai Post Komposit .................. 89
4.7.5. Perencanaan Balok Melintang Lantai Pra Komposit ............................... 90
4.7.5.1. Pemeriksaan Kapasitas Penampang Terhadap Tekuk ......................... 90
4.7.5.2. Kontrol Momen pada Profil Baja ........................................................ 90
4.7.5.3. Kontrol Kelansingan............................................................................ 91
4.7.6. Perencanaan Balok Melintang Lantai Post Komposit.............................. 91
4.7.6.1. Perencanaan Kuat Lentur Balok Komposit ......................................... 92
4.7.6.2. Kekuatan Balok Terhadap Gaya Geser ............................................... 93
4.7.6.3. Perencanaan Penghubung Geser ......................................................... 93
4.7.6.4. Kontrol Lendutan ................................................................................ 95
4.8. Perencanaan Penutup Atap .............................................................................. 95
4.8.1. Pembebanan Penutup Atap Skybridge ..................................................... 97
4.8.2. Kontrol Penutup Atap Skybridge ............................................................. 97
4.9. Perencanaan Balok Melintang Atap ................................................................ 99
4.9.1. Pembebanan Balok Melintang Atap ........................................................ 99
4.9.2. Perhitungan Statika Balok Melintang Atap ........................................... 100
4.9.3. Perencanaan Balok Melintang Atap ....................................................... 101
4.9.3.1. Pemeriksaan Kapasitas Penampang Terhadap Tekuk ....................... 101
4.9.3.2. Kontrol Momen pada Profil Baja ...................................................... 101
4.9.3.3. Kontrol Kelansingan.......................................................................... 102
4.9.3.4. Kekuatan Balok Terhadap Gaya Geser ............................................. 102
4.9.3.5. Kontrol Lendutan .............................................................................. 102
4.10. Perencanaan Dinding Penutup Skybridge ................................................... 103
4.10.1. Pembebanan Dinding Penutup Skybridge.............................................. 104
4.10.2. Kontrol Dinding Penutup Skybridge...................................................... 106
4.11. Perencanaan Struktur Rangka Utama Skybridge ........................................ 108
4.11.1. Pemodelan Struktur Rangka Utama Skybridge ..................................... 108
4.11.2. Stabilitas Struktur Rangka Skybridge .................................................... 109
4.11.3. Ketidaktentuan Statis ............................................................................. 109
4.11.4. Pembebanan Struktur Rangka Skybridge .............................................. 110
4.11.4.1. Beban Struktur Rangka dan Sambungan ......................................... 110
4.11.4.2. Beban Dinding Penutup................................................................... 111
4.11.4.3. Reaksi dari Balok Melintang ........................................................... 111
4.11.5. Gaya Aksial Struktur .............................................................................. 112
4.11.6. Kontrol Penampang Struktur Rangka Utama ......................................... 113
4.11.6.1. Kontrol Batang Tegak Tekan .......................................................... 113
4.11.6.2. Kontrol Batang Tegak Tarik ............................................................ 116
4.11.6.3. Kontrol Batang Diagonal Tekan ...................................................... 118
4.11.6.4. Kontrol Batang Diagonal Tarik ....................................................... 120
4.11.6.5. Kontrol Batang Tepi Atas................................................................ 122
4.11.6.6. Kontrol Batang Tepi Bawah ............................................................ 125
4.12. Perencanaan Dimensi Ikatan Angin ............................................................ 127
4.12.1. Pembebanan Pada Ikatan Angin ............................................................ 127
4.12.2. Hasil Analisa Ikatan Angin .................................................................... 128
4.12.3. Kontrol Penampang Ikatan Angin .......................................................... 130
4.12.3.1. Kontrol Ikatan Angin Tekan ............................................................ 130
4.12.3.2. Kontrol Ikatan Angin Tarik ............................................................. 132
4.13. Perencanaan Sambungan ............................................................................. 134
4.13.1. Sambungan Stringer-Balok Melintang Lantai ....................................... 134
4.13.1.1. Pelat Penyambung Atas (Flens Tarik) ............................................. 135
4.13.1.2. Pelat Penambung Bawah (Flens Tekan) .......................................... 136
4.13.1.3. Sambungan Geser antar Web .......................................................... 136
4.13.2. Sambungan Balok Melintang Lantai-Rangka Utama ............................ 138
4.13.2.1. Pelat Penyambung (Flens Balok Melintang) ................................... 138
4.13.2.2. Sambungan Geser Antar Web Balok Melintang-Flens Rangka ...... 139
4.13.3. Sambungan Balok Melintang Atap-Rangka Utama ............................... 141
4.13.3.1. Sambungan Antar Web Balok Melintang-Flens Rangka ................ 141
4.13.4. Sambungan Rangka Utama .................................................................... 143
4.14. Perencanaan Perletakan ............................................................................... 148
4.14.1. Perletakan Rol ........................................................................................ 148
4.14.1.1. Perencanaan Bantalan Elasttomer ................................................... 149
4.14.1.2. Perencanaan Batas Pergeseran Perletakan ...................................... 152
4.14.1.3. Perencanaan Upper Plate ................................................................. 153
4.14.2. Perletakan Jepit ...................................................................................... 153
4.14.2.1. Pendimensian Base Plate ................................................................. 155
4.14.2.2. Pendimensian Pengangkuran ........................................................... 155
4.14.2.3. Jarak Antar Angkur ......................................................................... 156
4.14.2.4. Panjang Pengangkuran .................................................................... 156
4.15. Perencanaan Corbel ..................................................................................... 157
4.15.1. Perencanaan Corbel di Perletakan Rol ................................................... 157
4.15.2. Perencanaan Corbel di Perletakan Jepit ................................................. 161
BAB V PENUTUP ................................................................................................... 165
5.1. Kesimpulan ................................................................................................... 165
5.2. Saran .............................................................................................................. 166
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................... 167
LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................................... -
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Beban Hidup Perkantoran ........................................................................................ 24
Tabel 2.2 Tekanan Angin Dasar .............................................................................................. 25
Tabel 2.3 Nilai V0 dan Z0 untuk Berbagai Variasi Kondisi Permukaan Hulu ......................... 26
Tabel 2.4 Nilai Batas Kelangsingan untuk Penampang WF .................................................... 33
Tabel 2.5 Tipe – Tipe Baut ...................................................................................................... 43
Tabel 4.1 Nilai Spektral Percepatan Di Permukaan Dari Gempa Risk-Targeted Maximum
Consider Earthquake Dengan Probabilitas Keruntuhan Bangunan 1% dalam 50 Tahun Lokasi:
( Lat: -7.286865862041498 , Long: 112.7019864320755 )........................................ 59
Tabel 4.2 Kategori desain seismik berdasarkan parameter percepatam pada perioda 1 detik
..................................................................................................................................... 59
Tabel 4.3 Output Displacement Lantai 20 Office .................................................................... 63
Tabel 4.4 Output Displacement Lantai 21 Loft ....................................................................... 64
Tabel 4.5 Tabel Spesifikasi floor deck Union Metal ............................................................... 68
Tabel 4.6 Hasil Momen Pelat Lantai Skybridge ...................................................................... 72
Tabel 4.7 Momen Inersia Penampang Komposit ..................................................................... 82
Tabel 4.8 Momen Inersia Penampang Komposit ..................................................................... 91
Tabel 4.9 Tabel Berat PVB Interlayer ..................................................................................... 96
Tabel 4.10 Tabel Berat Tempered Glass.................................................................................. 96
Tabel 4.11 Tabel Berat PVB Interlayer ................................................................................. 103
Tabel 4.12 Tabel Berat Tempered Glass................................................................................ 103
Tabel 4.13 Gaya Aksial Maksimum Struktur ........................................................................ 113
Tabel 4.14 Data Material Sambungan Stringer - Balok Melintang ...................................... 134
Tabel 4.15 Data Balok Melintang Lantai – Rangka Utama ................................................... 138
Tabel 4.16 Data Balok Melintang Atap – Rangka Utama ..................................................... 141
Tabel 4.17 Gaya Batang yang Bekerja Pada Simpul 2 .......................................................... 143
Tabel 4.18 Data Perencanaan Sambungan Rangka ................................................................ 144
Tabel 4.19 Kebutuhan Baut A325 dengan diameter M20 ..................................................... 147
Tabel 4.19 Lanjutan Kebutuhan Baut A325 dengan diameter M20 ...................................... 148
Tabel 4.20 Gaya – Gaya yang Bekerja pada Angkur............................................................. 154
Tabel 4.21 Gaya – Gaya yang Bekerja pada Corbel .............................................................. 157
Tabel 4.22 Gaya – Gaya yang Bekerja pada Corbel .............................................................. 161
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Petronas Twin Tower ............................................................................................. 6
Gambar 2.2 Jaringan Skybridge Pusat Kota Calagry................................................................. 8
Gambar 2.3 Rute Evakuasi Bangunan Tinggi............................................................................ 9
Gambar 2.4 Attached Skybridge pada Linked Hybrid Beijing ................................................ 12
Gambar 2.5 Independent Structure Skybridge pada University of Leed Ohio ........................ 13
Gambar 2.6 Semi-Independent Skybridge di Davenport USA ................................................ 14
Gambar 2.7 Simple Beam Pada Petronas Tower Skybridge .................................................... 14
Gambar 2.8 Suspension Skybridge Pada Veterans Affairs Medical Center ............................ 15
Gambar 2.9 Truss Skybridge Pada Sunway Velocity Residance, Malaysia ........................... 15
Gambar 2.10 Roller-Connected Skybridge Between Skyscrapers .......................................... 16
Gambar 2.11 Rigid-Connected Skybridge Between Skyscraper ............................................. 17
Gambar 2.12 Hinge-Connected Skybridge Between Skyscraper ............................................ 18
Gambar 2.13 Penentuan Simpangan Antar Lantai ................................................................... 19
Gambar 2.14 Dilatasi Bangunan Menggunkan Balok Konsol/Korbel..................................... 22
Gambar 2.15 Penampang Melintang Deck Baja Gelombang .................................................. 27
Gambar 2.16 Diagram Gaya Komposit Plat ............................................................................ 29
Gambar 2.17 Perbandingan antara Balok yang Melendut Dengan dan Tanpa Aksi
Komposit .................................................................................................................................. 31
Gambar 2.18 Lebar Efektif Balok Komposit ........................................................................... 32
Gambar 2.19 Diagram Tegangan dan Regangan Balok Komposit dengan Luas Penampang Plat
Beton yang telah Ditransformasikan ........................................................................................ 35
Gambar 2.20 Diagram Tegangan dengan sumbu plastis jatuh pada plat beton ....................... 36
Gambar 2.21 Diagram Tegangan dengan sumbu plastis jatuh pada profil baja ...................... 37
Gambar 2.22 Komponen Sliding Plate Bearing ....................................................................... 46
Gambar 3.1 Lokasi Studi Perencanaan .................................................................................... 48
Gambar 3.2 Diagram Alir Perencanaan Konstruksi Skybridge ............................................... 50
Gambar 3.3 Layout Rencana Skbridge .................................................................................... 52
Gambar 3.4 Model Tower dengan Skybridge .......................................................................... 53
Gambar 3.5 Model Layout Rencana Struktur Rangka Skybridge ........................................... 54
Gambar 4.1 Grafik Spektral Percepatan Di Permukaan Dari Gempa Risk-Targeted Maximum
Consider Earthquake Dengan Probabilitas Keruntuhan Bangunan 1% dalam 50 Tahun Lokasi:
( Lat: -7.286865862041498 , Long: 112.7019864320755 )..................................................... 58
Gambar 4.2 Denah Pemodelan Struktur Tower Office dengan STAAD-Pro .......................... 60
Gambar 4.3 Pemodelan 3 Dimensi Struktur Tower Office dengan STAAD-Pro ..................... 61
Gambar 4.4 Denah Pemodelan Struktur Tower Loft dengan STAAD-Pro .............................. 62
Gambar 4.5 Pemodelan 3 Dimensi Struktur Loft Office dengan STAAD-Pro ........................ 62
Gambar 4.6 Simpangan Gedung Kondisi 1 ............................................................................. 65
Gambar 4.7 Simpangan Gedung Kondisi 2 ............................................................................. 66
Gambar 4.8 Simpangan Gedung Kondisi 3 ............................................................................. 67
Gambar 4.9 Spesifikasi floor deck Union Metal ..................................................................... 68
Gambar 4.10 Denah Rencana Floor Deck ............................................................................... 69
Gambar 4.11 Potongan Melintang Pelat Lantai ....................................................................... 70
Gambar 4.12 Pembebanan Pelat Lantai Skybridge .................................................................. 71
Gambar 4.13 Output momen STAAD-Pro Pelat Lantai Skybridge.......................................... 72
Gambar 4.14 Output lendutan STAAD-Pro Pelat Atap Skybridge .......................................... 76
Gambar 4.15 Profil Baja WF ................................................................................................... 77
Gambar 4.16 Output momen STAAD-Pro Stringer lantai Skybridge Pra Komposit ............... 79
Gambar 4.17 Output Gaya Geser STAAD-Pro Stringer lantai Skybridge Pra Komposit ........ 79
Gambar 4.18 Output Lendutan STAAD-Pro Stringer lantai Skybridge Pra Komposit ........... 79
Gambar 4.19 Output momen STAAD-Pro Stringer lantai Skybridge Post Komposit ............. 80
Gambar 4.20 Output Gaya Geser STAAD-Pro Stringer lantai Skybridge Post Komposit....... 80
Gambar 4.21 Output Lendutan STAAD-Pro Stringer lantai Skybridge Post Komposit .......... 80
Gambar 4.22 Profil Baja WF ................................................................................................... 86
Gambar 4.23 Output momen STAAD-Pro Balok Melintang lantai Skybridge Pra Komposit . 88
Gambar 4.24 Output Gaya Geser STAAD-Pro Balok Melintang lantai Skybridge Pra
Komposit .................................................................................................................................. 88
Gambar 4.25 Output momen STAAD-Pro Balok Melintang lantai Skybridge Post Komposit 89
Gambar 4.26 Output Gaya Geser STAAD-Pro Balok Melintang lantai Skybridge Post
Komposit .................................................................................................................................. 89
Gambar 4.27 Komposisi Laminated Safety Glass ................................................................... 95
Gambar 4.28 Profil Baja WF ................................................................................................... 99
Gambar 4.29 Output momen STAAD-Pro Balok Melintang Atap Skybridge Pra Komposit 100
Gambar 4.30 Output Gaya Geser STAAD-Pro Balok Melintang Atap Skybridge Pra
Komposit ................................................................................................................................ 100
Gambar 4.31 Komposisi Laminated Safety Glass ................................................................. 103
Gambar 4.32 Pemodelan Struktur Rangka Skybridge ........................................................... 108
Gambar 4.33 Perencanaan Profil Rangka Skybridge ............................................................. 108
Gambar 4.34 Selfweight Pada Staad-Pro ............................................................................... 110
Gambar 4.35 Reaksi Balok Melintang Atap .......................................................................... 111
Gambar 4.36 Reaksi Balok Melintang Lantai........................................................................ 112
Gambar 4.37 Diagram Gaya Aksial ....................................................................................... 112
Gambar 4.38 Profil Baja WF ................................................................................................. 113
Gambar 4.39 Profil Baja WF ................................................................................................. 116
Gambar 4.40 Profil Baja WF ................................................................................................. 118
Gambar 4.41 Profil Baja WF ................................................................................................. 120
Gambar 4.42 Profil Baja WF ................................................................................................. 122
Gambar 4.43 Profil Baja WF ................................................................................................. 125
Gambar 4.44 Distribusi pembebanan pada ikatan angin rangka ............................................ 128
Gambar 4.45 Diagram Gaya Aksial Ikatan Angin ................................................................. 129
Gambar 4.46 Profil Baja WF ................................................................................................. 130
Gambar 4.47 Profil Baja WF ................................................................................................. 132
Gambar 4.48 Sambungan Stringer – Balok Melintang Lantai ............................................... 137
Gambar 4.49 Sambungan Balok Melintang Lantai Rangka .................................................. 140
Gambar 4.50 Sambungan Balok Melintang Atap Rangka ..................................................... 143
Gambar 4.51 Rangka Utama Skybridge ................................................................................ 143
Gambar 4.52 Sambungan Rangka Simpul 2 .......................................................................... 146
Gambar 4.53 Desain sliding plate bearing ............................................................................. 148
Gambar 4.54 Desain Batas Pegeseran Perletakan.................................................................. 152
Gambar 4.55 Korbel dengan Beban Reaksi Skybridge ......................................................... 154
Gambar 4.56 Diagram Momen Max dan Gaya Geser Max ................................................... 154
Gambar 4.57 Diagram Momen Max dan Gaya Geser Max ................................................... 157
Gambar 4.58 Detail Penulangan Korbel Perletakan Rol ....................................................... 160
Gambar 4.59 Diagram Momen Max dan Gaya Geser Max ................................................... 161
Gambar 4.60 Detail Penulangan Korbel Perletakan Jepit ...................................................... 164
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