perbedaan sas dan spap
TRANSCRIPT
Pengumuman ASB disebut Statements on Auditing Standards (SAS) atau (Pernyataan Standar Auditing).sebelum SAS diterbitkan, sebuah konsep usulan (exposure draft) tentang pernyataan tersebut diedarkan secara luas kepada kantor-kantor CPA, Lembaga pengatur seperti SEC, para pendidik di bidang akuntansi, dan lain-lain, untuk mendapatkan komentar sebagai umpan balik. Diperlukan persetujuan setidaknya 2/3 anggota untuk menerbitkan suatu SAS.
Standar Profesional Akuntan Publik (SPAP) adalah kodifikasi berbagai pernyataan standar teknis yang merupakan panduan dalam memberikan jasa bagi Akuntan Publik di Indonesia. SPAP dikeluarkan oleh Dewan Standar Profesional Akuntan Publik Institut Akuntan Publik Indonesia (DSPAP IAPI).
Statements of Auditing Standards (SAS)Tiga organisasi yang menetapkan standar auditing di AS adalah AICPA,
IIA, dan GAO . Divisi standar auditing pada AICPA bertanggungjawab menetapkan standar audit untuk profesi akuntan public. Salah satu lengan dari divisi ini adalah Auditing Standards Boards (ASB) atau Dewan Standar Auditing yang telah ditunjuk sebagai badan teknis senior dari AICPA untuk menerbitkan dan mengumumkan Standar Audit. ASB juga bertanggungjawab menyediakan pedoman bagi para auditor untuk mengimplementasikan pengumuman tersebut dengan cara memberikan persetujuan atas interpretasi serta pedoman audit yang disusun oleh staff dari divisi standar auditing.Seluruh anggota ASB berjumlah 15orang adalah anggota AICPA.
Komite perencanaan pada ASB yang terdiri dari 6 anggota memiliki tanggungjawab utama untuk menetapkan agenda ASB serta memantau kemajuan proyek ASB.Dalam memenuhi tanggungjawabnya, komite menentukan apakah ASB telah menanggapi isu-isu auditing yang diidentifikasi oleh profesi dan public yang dilayani.
SAS menjelaskan sifat dan luasnya tanggungjawab seorang auditor serta menawarkan bimbingan bagi seorang auditor yang melaksanakan audit. Kepatuhan kepada SAS merupakan kewajiban setiap anggota AICPA yang harus siap untuk memberikan alas an atas setiap penyimpangan suatu pernyataan. Ketika diterbitkan, SAS dan semua interpretasi audit yang terkait diberi nomor kode AU. Dokumen tersebut disatukan dalam satu berkas lembar lepas AICPA yang disebut professional standards, volume 1. Setahun sekali AICPA menerbitkan satu jilid standards bagi para anggota. Selain itu, sebuah perusahaan komersial juga menerbitkan buku tahunan yang serupa dalam bentuk format
elektronik dalam disket dan secara online sebagai bagian dari arsip professional literature yang ada pada national automated accounting research system (NAARS).
SAS Nos. 1–42 | SAS Nos. 43–59 | SAS Nos. 62–79 | SAS Nos. 84–99 | SAS Nos. 100–110 | SAS Nos. 111–116 | SAS Nos. 117–120
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
SAS No. 1
Responsibilities and Functions of the Independent AuditorThis section describes the responsibilities and functions of the independent auditor. The section also includes distinction between the responsibilities of the auditor and management and the professional qualifications required by the independent auditor.
AU sec. 110
Nature of the General StandardsThis section describes the nature of the general standards.
AU sec. 201
Training and Proficiency of the Independent AuditorThis section describes the formal education and experience required by the auditor.
AU sec. 210
Independence AU sec. 220
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
This section describes how the auditor must maintain independence in all matters relating to the audit.
Due Professional Care in the Performance of Work This section describes how the auditor must exercise due professional care in the performance of the audit and the preparation of the report. The section also requires that the auditor exercise professional skepticism and have reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free of material misstatement.
AU sec. 230
Inventories This section provides guidelines for the independent auditor in observing inventories. It also discusses inventories held in public warehouses and the effect of inventories on the auditor’s report.
AU sec. 331 AU sec. 9331
Adherence to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles This section describes the first standard of reporting, which states that the
AU sec. 410 AU sec. 9410
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
auditor must state in the auditor’s report whether the financial statements are presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Consistency of Application of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles This section describes the second standard of reporting, which states that the auditor must identify in the auditor’s report those circumstances in which such principles have not been consistently observed in the current period in relation to the preceding period. The section describes accounting changes that affect consistency, changes that do not affect consistency, periods to which consistency standards relate, and first year audits.
AU sec. 420 AU sec. 9420
Dating of the Independent Auditor's Report This section describes how an independent auditor should determine the dating of his or her report, including the effect of subsequent events on the date of the report.
AU sec. 530
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
Part of Audit Performed by Other Independent Auditors This section provides guidance applicable to professional judgments an independent auditor makes regarding the work and reports of other independent auditors on financial statements.
AU sec. 543 AU sec. 9543
Lack of Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting PrinciplesThis section concerns financial statements of regulated companies that do not conform with generally accepted accounting principles.
AU sec. 544 AU sec. 9544
Subsequent EventsThis section addresses events occurring subsequent to the balance-sheet date but prior to the issuance of the financial statements that require adjustment or disclosure in the statements.
AU sec. 560 AU sec. 9560
Subsequent Discovery of Facts Existing at the Date of the Auditor's ReportThis section describes procedures applicable to an auditor who, subsequent to the date of a report on audited financial statements, becomes aware of facts existing at the date
AU sec. 561 AU sec. 9561
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
of the report that might have affected the report.
Public Warehouses-Controls and Auditing Procedures for Goods HeldThis section discusses controls of a public warehouse, the procedures of its independent auditor with respect to goods in the warehouse's custody, and auditing procedures performed by the independent auditor of the owner of goods in the warehouse.
AU sec. 901
SAS No. 8Other Information in Documents Containing Audited Financial StatementsThis section explains an auditor’s responsibility regarding other information contained in certain types of documents that may be issued in addition to audited financial statements.
AU sec. 550A
AU sec. 9550A
SAS No. 12Inquiry of a Client's Lawyer Concerning Litigation, Claims, and AssessmentsThis section provides guidance on the procedures an independent auditor should consider for identifying litigation, claims, and assessments and for satisfying himself
AU sec. 337
AU sec. 337A
AU sec. 337B
AU sec. 337C
AU sec. 9337
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
or herself as to the financial accounting and reporting for such matters when he or she is performing an audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards.
SAS No. 25 The Relationship of Generally Accepted Auditing Standards to Quality Control StandardsThis section describes the relationship between generally accepted auditing standards and quality control standards.
AU sec. 161
SAS No. 26Association With Financial StatementsThis section defines association as it is used in the fourth standard of reporting and provides guidance to accountants engaged to audit financial statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards.
AU sec. 504 AU sec. 9504
SAS No. 29Reporting on Information Accompanying the Basic Financial Statements in Auditor-Submitted DocumentsThis section provides guidance applicable to an auditor who submits a document that contains information in addition to
AU sec. 551A
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
the client's basic financial statements and the auditor's report.
SAS No. 32Adequacy of Disclosure in Financial StatementsThis section describes the third standard of reporting, which states that when the auditor determines that informative disclosures are not reasonably adequate, the auditor must so state in the auditor’s report.
AU sec. 431
SAS No. 37Filings Under Federal Securities Statutes This section explains filing under federal securities statutes.
AU sec. 711 AU sec. 9711
SAS No. 39Audit Sampling This section provides guidance for planning, performing, and evaluating audit samples. It describes uncertainty, substantive tests of details, tests of controls, and dual-purpose samples. The section also explains how to select a sampling approach.
AU sec. 350AU sec. 9350
SAS No. 42Reporting on Condensed Financial Statements and Selected Financial DataThis section provides guidance applicable to an auditor who is engaged to report on condensed financial statements or selected financial data prepared by a client.
AU sec. 552
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
SAS No. 43Omnibus Statement on Auditing Standards AU sec. 331.14
AU sec. 350.47
AU sec. 901.01, .24, and .28
SAS No. 45Related PartiesThis section provides guidance on procedures that should be considered by the auditor when he is performing an audit of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards to identify related party relationships and transactions and to satisfy himself concerning the required financial statement accounting and disclosure.
AU sec. 334 AU sec. 9334
SAS No. 46Consideration of Omitted Procedures After the Report DateThis section provides guidance on the considerations and procedures to be applied by an auditor who, subsequent to the date of his report on audited financial statements, concludes that one or more auditing procedures considered necessary at the time of the audit in the circumstances then existing were omitted from
AU sec. 390
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
his audit of the financial statements, but there is no indication that those financial statements are not fairly presented in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles or with another comprehensive basis of accounting.
SAS No. 50Reports on the Application of Accounting PrinciplesThis section provides guidance that a reporting accountant should apply when preparing a written report on the application of accounting principles to specified transactions.
AU sec. 625 AU sec. 9625
SAS No. 51Reporting on Financial Statements Prepared for Use in Other CountriesThis section provides guidance applicable to reports on financial statements of a company in the United States that are prepared in conformity with the accounting principles generally accepted in another country for use outside the United States.
AU sec. 534AU sec. 9534
SAS No. 52Omnibus Statement on Auditing Standards—1987
AU sec. 551A.15
Required Supplementary Information This section provides
AU sec. 9558A
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
guidance applicable to an auditor who is required to report on supplementary information required by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the Governmental Accounting Standards Board, or the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board.
AU sec. 558A
SAS No. 54Illegal Acts by ClientsThis section prescribes the nature and extent of the consideration an independent auditor should give to the possibility of illegal acts by a client in an audit of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. The section also provides guidance on the auditor's responsibilities when a possible illegal act is detected.
AU sec. 317 AU sec. 9317
SAS No. 56
Analytical ProceduresThis section provides guidance on the use of analytical procedures and requires the use of analytical procedures in the planning and overall review stages of all audits.
AU sec. 329 AU sec. 9329
SAS No. 57Auditing Accounting EstimatesThis section provides guidance to auditors on obtaining and evaluating sufficient appropriate audit
AU sec. 342 AU sec. 9342
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
evidence to support significant accounting estimates in an audit of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards.
SAS No. 58Reports on Audited Financial StatementsThis section explains types of reports, along with examples and descriptions of circumstances when each is appropriate, issued by an auditor in connection with audits of certain types of historical financial statements.
AU sec. 508 AU sec. 9508
SAS No. 59The Auditor's Consideration of an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern This section provides guidance to the auditor in conducting an audit of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards with respect to evaluating whether there is substantial doubt about the entity's ability to continue as a going concern. It details the auditor’s responsibilities, procedures, considerations, communication with those charged with governance,
AU sec. 341 AU sec. 9341
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
and documentation.
SAS No. 62Special ReportsThis section applies to special reports.
AU sec. 623 AU sec. 9623
SAS No. 64Omnibus Statement on Auditing Standards—1990
AU sec. 341.12–.13
AU sec. 508.74
AU sec. 543.16
AU sec. 9341
AU sec. 9508
AU sec. 9543
SAS No. 65 The Auditor's Consideration of the Internal Audit Function in an Audit of Financial StatementsThis section provides guidance on considering the work of internal auditors and on using internal auditors to provide direct assistance to the auditor in an audit performed in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards.
AU sec. 322
SAS No. 67The Confirmation ProcessThis section provides guidance about the confirmation process in audits performed in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards.
It defines the confirmation process; discusses the relationship of confirmation procedures to
AU sec. 330AU sec. 9330
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
the auditor's assessment of audit risk; describes certain factors that affect the reliability of confirmations; provides guidance on performing alternative procedures when responses to confirmation requests are not received; provides guidance on evaluating the results of confirmation procedures; and specifically addresses the confirmation of accounts receivable.
SAS No. 69The Meaning of Present Fairly in Conformity With Generally Accepted Accounting PrinciplesThis section explains the meaning of the phrase present fairly in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
AU sec. 411 AU sec. 9411
SAS No. 70Service Organizations This section provides guidance on the factors an independent auditor should consider when auditing the financial statements of an entity that uses a service organization to process certain transactions. This section also provides guidance for independent auditors who issue reports on the processing of transactions by a service
AU sec. 324 AU sec. 9324
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
organization for use by other auditors.
SAS No. 72Letters for Underwriters and Certain Other Requesting PartiesThis section provides guidance to accountants for performing and reporting on the results of engagements to issue letters for underwriters and certain other requesting parties.
AU sec. 634AU sec. 9634
SAS No. 73Using the Work of a Specialist This section provides guidance to the auditor who uses the work of a specialist in performing an audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. For purposes of this section, a specialist is a person (or firm) possessing special skill or knowledge in a particular field other than accounting or auditing.
AU sec. 336AU sec. 9336
SAS No. 75Engagements to Apply Agreed-Upon Procedures to Specified Elements, Accounts, or Items of a Financial StatementThis section has been withdrawn.
AU sec. 622 AU sec. 9622
SAS No. 76
Amendments to Statement on Auditing Standards No. 72, Letters for Underwriters and Certain Other Requesting
AU sec. 634.01, .09, .10, and .64
AU sec. 9634
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
Parties
SAS No. 77Amendments to Statements on Auditing Standards No. 22, Planning and Supervision, No. 59, The Auditor's Consideration of an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, and No. 62, Special Reports
AU sec. 341.13
AU sec. 544.02 and .04
AU sec. 623.05
AU sec. 9341
AU sec. 9623
SAS No. 79Amendment to Statement on Auditing Standards No. 58, Reports on Audited Financial Statements This section explains types of reports, along with examples and descriptions of circumstances when each is appropriate, issued by an auditor in connection with audits of certain types of historical financial statements.
AU sec. 508 AU sec. 9508
SAS No. 84Communications Between Predecessor and Successor Auditors This section establishes guidance on communications between predecessor and successor auditors when a change of auditors is in process or has taken place. It also provides communications guidance when possible misstatements are discovered in financial statements reported on by
AU sec. 315
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
a predecessor auditor.
SAS No. 85Management RepresentationsThis section establishes a requirement that the independent auditor obtain written representations from management as a part of an audit of financial statements performed in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and provides guidance concerning the representations to be obtained.
AU sec. 333 AU sec. 9333
SAS No. 86 Amendment to Statement on Auditing Standards No. 72, Letters for Underwriters and Certain Other Requesting PartiesThis section provides guidance to accountants for performing and reporting on the results of engagements to issue letters for underwriters and certain other requesting parties.
AU sec. 634 AU sec. 9634
SAS No. 87Restricting the Use of an Auditor's ReportThis section defines general-use and restricted-use reports and outlines guidance applicable to restricting the use of reports issued pursuant to Statements on Auditing Standards.
AU sec. 532
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
SAS No. 88 Service Organizations and Reporting on Consistency
AU sec. 324.03 and .06–.10
AU sec. 420.07–.11
AU sec. 9324
AU sec. 9420
SAS No. 89Audit Adjustments
AU sec. 333.06 and .16 AU sec. 9333
SAS No. 91Federal GAAP Hierarchy
AU sec. 411.14–.15, and
.18
AU sec. 9411
SAS No. 92Auditing Derivative Instruments, Hedging Activities, and Investments in Securities This section provides guidance to auditors in planning and performing auditing procedures for assertions about derivative instruments, hedging activities, and investments in securities that are made in an entity’s financial statements. It also describes how assertions are classified according to three broad categories that are discussed in AU section 326, Audit Evidence.
AU sec. 332 AU sec. 9332
SAS No. 93Omnibus Statement on Auditing Standards—2000
AU sec. 315.02 and .12
AU sec. 411.01AU sec. 9411
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
AU sec. 508.08 AU sec. 9508
SAS No. 95Generally Accepted Auditing Standards This section describes the 10 general, field work, and reporting standards approved and adopted by the membership of the AICPA. In addition, the section defines interpretive and other auditing publications.
AU sec. 150
SAS No. 97Amendment to Statement on Auditing Standards No. 50, Reports on the Application of Accounting PrinciplesThis section provides guidance that a reporting accountant should apply when preparing a written report on the application of accounting principles to specified transactions.
AU sec. 625 AU sec. 9625
SAS No. 98Omnibus Statement on Auditing Standards—2002
AU sec. 150.05
AU sec. 161.02–.03
AU sec. 324.57–.61
AU sec. 508.65
AU sec. 530.03–.05
AU sec.
AU sec. 9324
AU sec. 9508
AU sec. 9550A
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
550A.07
AU sec. 551A.12, .15–.1
6
AU sec. 558A.02
and .08–.11
AU sec. 560.01
AU sec. 561.01–.03
AU sec. 9558A
AU sec. 9561
SAS No. 99Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement AuditThis section establishes standards and provides guidance to auditors in fulfilling the responsibility to plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement (AU section 110) as it relates to fraud in an audit of financial statements conducted in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards.
AU sec. 316
SAS No. 100
Interim Financial Information
AU sec. 722
SAS No. 101
Auditing Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures This section establishes standards and provides
AU sec. 328 AU sec. 9328
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
guidance on auditing fair value measurements and disclosures contained in financial statements. In particular, this section addresses audit considerations relating to the measurement and disclosure of assets, liabilities, and specific components of equity presented or disclosed at fair value in financial statements.
SAS No. 102
Defining Professional Requirements in Statements on Auditing Standards This section describes professional requirements in the auditing standards, including unconditional and presumptively mandatory requirements, and the use of explanatory material.
AU sec. 120
SAS No. 103
Audit Documentation AU sec. 339
AU sec. 530
AU sec. 9339
SAS No. 104
Amendment to Statement on Auditing Standards No. 1, Codification of Auditing Standards and Procedures(“Due Professional Care in the Performance of Work”)
AU sec. 230.10
SAS No. Amendment to Statement on Auditing AU sec. 150.02
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
105Standards No. 95, Generally Accepted Auditing Standards
SAS No. 106
Audit Evidence This section provides guidance to the auditor who uses the work of a specialist in performing an audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. For purposes of this section, a specialist is a person (or firm) possessing special skill or knowledge in a particular field other than accounting or auditing.
AU sec. 326 AU sec. 9326
SAS No. 107
Audit Risk and Materiality in Conducting an Audit This section establishes guidance on the auditor's consideration of audit risk and materiality when performing an audit of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards.
AU sec. 312 AU sec. 9312
SAS No. 108
Planning and Supervision This section describes the first standard of field work, relating to the planning of the audit and the supervision of any assistants, and provides guidance to the independent auditor conducting an audit in
AU sec. 311 AU sec. 9311
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
accordance with generally accepted auditing standards on the considerations and activities applicable to planning and supervision.
SAS No. 109
Understanding the Entity and Its Environment and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement This section describes the second standard of field work, relating to the auditor obtaining a sufficient understanding of the entity and its environment, including its internal control, to assess the risk of material misstatement of the financial statements whether due to error or fraud, and to design the nature, timing, and extent of further audit procedures. This section also discusses risk assessment procedures and sources of information about the entity and its environment.
AU sec. 314
SAS No. 110
Performing Audit Procedures in Response to Assessed Risks and Evaluating the Audit Evidence Obtained This section establishes standards and provides guidance on determining overall responses and
AU sec. 318
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
designing and performing further audit procedures to respond to the assessed risks of material misstatement at the financial statement and relevant assertion levels in a financial statement audit, and on evaluating the sufficiency and appropriateness of the audit evidence obtained. In particular, this section provides guidance about implementing the third standard of field work, which states that the auditor must obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence by performing audit procedures to afford a reasonable basis for an opinion regarding the financial statements under audit.
SAS No. 111
Amendment to Statement on Auditing Standards No. 39, Audit SamplingThis section provides guidance for planning, performing, and evaluating audit samples. It describes uncertainty, substantive tests of details, tests of controls, and dual-purpose samples. The section also explains how to select a sampling approach.
AU sec. 350 AU sec. 9350
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
SAS No. 113
Omnibus—2006 AU sec. 150.02 and .04
AU sec. 316.35 and .46
AU sec. 328.41
AU sec. 333.09
AU sec. 341.02
AU sec. 342.10 and .13
AU sec. 560.12
AU sec. 9341
AU sec. 9342
AU sec. 9560
SAS No. 114
The Auditor’s Communication With Those Charged With GovernanceThis section establishes standards and provides guidance on the auditor’s communication with those charged with governance in relation to an audit of financial statements. It describes the role of communication, legal considerations, those who are charged with governance, management, matters to be communicated, the communication process, and documentation.
AU sec. 380
SAS No. 115
Communicating Internal Control Related Matters Identified in an Audit
AU sec. 325 AU sec. 9325
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
This section establishes standards and provides guidance on communicating matters related to an entity’s internal control over financial reporting identified in an audit of financial statements. It is applicable whenever an auditor expresses or disclaims an opinion on financial statements. The section defines the terms deficiency in internal control,significant deficiency, and material weakness; provides guidance on evaluating the severity of deficiencies in internal control identified in an audit of financial statements; and requires the auditor to communicate, in writing, to management and those charged with governance, significant deficiencies and material weaknesses identified in an audit.
SAS No. 116
Interim Financial InformationThis section establishes standards and provides guidance on the nature, timing, and extent of the procedures to be performed by an independent accountant when conducting a review
AU sec. 722
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
of interim financial information.
SAS No. 117
Compliance AuditsThis section is applicable when an auditor is engaged, or required by law or regulation, to perform a compliance audit in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards, the standards for financial audits under Government Auditing Standards, and a governmental audit requirement that requires an auditor to express an opinion on compliance.
AU sec. 801
SAS No. 118
Other Information in Documents Containing Audited Financial StatementsThis section addresses the auditor’s responsibility in relation to other information in documents containing audited financial statements and the auditor’s report thereon.
AU sec. 550AU sec. 551
SAS No. 119
Supplementary Information in Relation to the Financial Statements as a WholeThis section addresses the auditor’s responsibility when engaged to report on whether supplementary information is fairly stated, in all material respects, in
AU sec. 551
Original
Standard
No.
Title & Synopsis
Section In Professiona
l Standards
Interpretations (If
Applicable)
relation to the financial statements as a whole.
SAS No. 120
Required Supplementary InformationThis section addresses the auditor’s responsibility with respect to information that a designated accounting standard setter requires to accompany an entity’s basic financial statements (required supplementary information).
AU sec. 558
Standar Profesional Akuntan Publik (SPAP)
Standar Profesional Akuntan Publik (SPAP) adalah merupakan hasil pengembangan berkelanjutan standar profesional akuntan publik yang dimulai sejak tahun 1973. Pada tahap awal perkembangannya, standar ini disusun oleh suatu komite dalam organisasi Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia (IAI) yang diberi nama Komite Norma Pemeriksaan Akuntan. Standar yang dihasilkan oleh komite tersebut diberi nama Norma Pemeriksaan Akuntan. Sebagaimana tercermin dari nama yang diberikan, standar yang dikembangkan pada saat itu lebih berfokus ke jasa audit atas laporan keuangan historis.
Perubahan pesat yang terjadi di lingkungan bisnis di awal dekade tahun sembilan puluhan kemudian menuntut profesi akuntan publik untuk meningkatkan mutu jasa audit atas laporan keuangan historis, jasa atestasi, dan jasa akuntansi dan review. Di samping itu, tuntutan kebutuhan untuk menjadikan organisasi profesi akuntan publik lebih mandiri dalam mengelola mutu jasa yang dihasilkan bagi masyarakat juga terus meningkat.
Respon profesi akuntan publik terhadap berbagai tuntutan tersebut diwujudkan dalam dua keputusan penting yang dibuat oleh IAI pada pertengahan tahun 1994 : (1) perubahan nama dari Komite Norma Pemeriksaan Akuntan ke Dewan Standar Profesional Akuntan Publik dan (2) perubahan nama standar yang
dihasilkan dari Norma Pemeriksaan Akuntan ke Standar Profesional Akuntan Publik.
SPAP merupakan kodifikasi berbagai pernyataan standar teknis dan aturan etika. Pernyataan standar teknis yang dikodifikasi dalam buku SPAP terdiri dari : 1. Pernyataan Standar Auditing 2. Pernyataan Standar Atestasi 3. Pernyataan Jasa Akuntansi dan Review 4. Pernyataan Jasa Konsultansi 5. Pernyataan Standar Pengendalian Mutu.
Kelima standar profesional di atas merupakan standar teknis yang bertujuan untuk mengatur mutu jasa yang dihasilkan oleh profesi akuntan publik di Indonesia.
1. Standar Auditing
Standar Auditing adalah sepuluh standar yang ditetapkan dan disahkan oleh Institut Akuntan Publik Indonesia (IAPI), yang terdiri dari standar umum, standar pekerjaan lapangan, dan standar pelaporan beserta interpretasinya. Standar auditing merupakan pedoman audit atas laporan keuangan historis. Standar auditing terdiri atas sepuluh standar dan dirinci dalam bentuk Pernyataan Standar Auditing (PSA). Dengan demikian PSA merupakan penjabaran lebih lanjut masing-masing standar yang tercantum di dalam standar auditing. Di Amerika Serikat, standar auditing semacam ini disebut Generally Accepted Auditing Standards (GAAS) yang dikeluarkan oleh the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA).
Pernyataan Standar Auditing (PSA)
PSA merupakan penjabaran lebih lanjut dari masing-masing standar yang tercantum didalam standar auditing. PSA berisi ketentuan-ketentuan dan pedoman utama yang harus diikuti oleh Akuntan Publik dalam melaksanakan penugasan audit. Kepatuhan terhadap PSA yang diterbitkan oleh IAPI ini bersifat wajib bagi seluruh anggota IAPI. Termasuk didalam PSA adalah Interpretasi Pernyataan Standar Auditng (IPSA), yang merupakan interpretasi resmi yang dikeluarkan oleh IAPI terhadap ketentuan-ketentuan yang diterbitkan oleh IAPI dalam PSA. Dengan demikian, IPSA memberikan jawaban atas pernyataan atau keraguan dalam penafsiran ketentuan-ketentuan yang dimuat dalam PSA sehingga merupakan perlausan lebih lanjut berbagai ketentuan dalam PSA. Tafsiran resmi ini bersifat mengikat bagi seluruh anggota IAPI, sehingga pelaksanaannya bersifat wajib.
Standar umum
1. Audit harus dilaksanakan oleh seorang atau lebih yang memiliki keahlian dan pelatihan teknis yang cukup sebagai auditor.
2. Dalam semua hal yang berhubungan dengan perikatan, independensi dalam sikap mental harus dipertahankan oleh auditor.
3. Dalam pelaksanaan audit dan penyusunan laporannya, auditor wajib menggunakan kemahiran profesionalnya dengan cermat dan seksama.
Standar pekerjaan lapangan
1. Pekerjaan harus direncanakan sebaik-baiknya dan jika digunakan asisten harus disupervisi dengan semestinya.
2. Pemahaman memadai atas pengendalian intern harus diperoleh unutk merencanakan audit dan menentukan sifat, saat, dan lingkup pengujian yang akan dilakukan.
3. Bukti audit kompeten yang cukup harus diperoleh melalui inspeksi, pengamatan, permintaan keterangan, dan konfirmasi sebagai dasar memadai untuk menyatakan pendapat atas laporan keungan yang diaudit.
Standar pelaporan
1. Laporan auditor harus menyatakan apakah laporan keuangan telah disusun sesuai dengan prinsip akuntansi yang berlaku umum di Indonesia.
2. Laporan auditor harus menunjukkan atau menyatakan, jika ada, ketidakkonsistenan penerapan prinsip akuntansi dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan periode berjalan dibandingkan dengan penerapan prinsip akuntansi tersebut dalam periode sebelumnya.
3. Pengungkapan informatif dalam laporan keuangan harus dipandang memadai, kecuali dinyatakan lain dalam laporan auditor.
4. Laporan auditor harus memuat suatu pernyataan pendapat mengenai laporan keuangan secara keseluruhan atau suatu asersi bahwa pernyataan demikian tidak dapat diberikan. Jika pendapat secara keseluruhan tidak dapat diberikan, maka alasannya harus dinyatakan. Dalam hal nama auditor dikaitkan dengan laporan keuangan, maka laporan auditor harus memuat petunjuk yang jelas mengenai sifat pekerjaan audit yang dilaksanakan, jika ada, dan tingkat tanggung jawab yang dipikul oleh audito
2. Standar Atestasi
Atestasi (attestation) adalah suatu pernyataan pendapat atau pertimbangan yang diberikan oleh seorang yang independen dan kompeten yang menyatakan apakah asersi (assertion) suatu entitas telah sesuai dengan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan. Asersi adalah suatu pernyataan yang dibuat
oleh satu pihak yang dimaksudkan untuk digunakan oleh pihak lain, contoh asersi dalam laporan keuangan historis adalah adanya pernyataan manajemen bahwa laporan keuangan sesuai dengan prinsip akuntansi yang berlaku umum.
Standar atestasi membagi tiga tipe perikatan atestasi (1) pemeriksaan (examination), (2) review, dan (3) prosedur yang disepakati (agreed-upon procedures).
Salah satu tipe pemeriksaan adalah audit atas laporan keuangan historis yang disusun berdasarkan prinsip akuntansi yang berlaku umum. Pemeriksaan tipe ini diatur berdasarkan standar auditing. Tipe pemeriksaan lain, misalnya pemeriksaan atas informasi keuangan prospektif, diatur berdasarkan pedoman yang lebih bersifat umum dalam standar atestasi. Standar atestasi ditetapkan oleh Institut Akuntan Publik Indonesia.
3. Standar Jasa Akuntansi dan Review
Standar jasa akuntansi dan review memberikan rerangka untuk fungsi non-atestasi bagi jasa akuntan publik yang mencakup jasa akuntansi dan review.Sifat pekerjaan non-atestasi tidak menyatakan pendapat, hal ini sangat berbeda dengan tujuan audit atas laporan keuangan yang dilaksanakan sesuai dengan standar auditing. Tujuan audit adalah untuk memberikan dasar memadai untuk menyatakan suatu pendapat mengenai laporan keuangan secara keseluruhan, sedangkan dalam pekerjaan non-atestasi tidak dapat dijadikan dasar untuk menyatakan pendapat akuntan.
Jasa akuntansi yang diatur dalam standar ini antara lain: Kompilasi laporan keuangan – penyajian informasi-informasi yang
merupakan pernyataan manajemen (pemilik) dalam bentuk laporan keuangan
Review atas laporan keuangan - pelaksanaan prosedur permintaan keterangan dan analisis yang menghasilkan dasar memadai bagi akuntan untuk memberikan keyakinan terbatas, bahwa tidak terdapat modifikasi material yagn harus dilakukan atas laporan keuangan agar laporan tersebut sesuai dengan prinsip akuntansi yang berlaku umum di Indonesia
Laporan keuangan komparatif – penyajian informasi dalam bentuk laporan keuangan dua periode atau lebih yang disajikan dalam bentuk berkolom
4. Standar Jasa Konsultansi
Standar Jasa Konsultansi merupakan panduan bagi praktisi (akuntan publik) yang menyediakan jasa konsultansi bagi kliennya melalui kantor akuntan publik. Dalam jasa konsultansi, para praktisi menyajikan temuan, kesimpulan dan rekomendasi. Sifat dan lingkup pekerjaan jasa konsultansi ditentukan oleh perjanjian antara
praktisi dengan kliennya. Umumnya, pekerjaan jasa konsultansi dilaksanakan untuk kepentingan klien.
Jasa konsultansi dapat berupa:
Konsultasi (consultation) – memberikan konsultasi atau saran profesional (profesional advise) berdasarkan pada kesepakatan bersama dengan klien. Contoh jenis jasa ini adalah review dan komentar terhadap rencana bisnis buatan klien
Jasa pemberian saran profesional (advisory services) - mengembangkan temuan, kesimpulan, dan rekomendasi untuk dipertimbangkan dan diputuskan oleh klien. Contoh jenis jasa ini adalah pemberian bantuan dalam proses perencanaan strategik
Jasa implementasi - mewujudkan rencana kegiatan menjadi kenyataan. Sumber daya dan personel klien digabung dengan sumber daya dan personel praktisi untuk mencapai tujuan implementasi. Contoh jenis jasa ini adalah penyediaan jasa instalasi sistem komputer dan jasa pendukung yang berkaitan.
Jasa transaksi - menyediakan jasa yang berhubungan dengan beberapa transaksi khusus klien yang umumnya dengan pihak ketiga. Contoh jenis jasa adalah jasa pengurusan kepailitan.
Jasa penyediaan staf dan jasa pendukung lainnya - menyediakan staf yang memadai (dalam hal kompetensi dan jumlah) dan kemungkinan jasa pendukung lain untuk melaksanakan tugas yang ditentukan oleh klien. Staf tersebut akan bekerja di bawah pengarahan klien sepanjang keadaan mengharuskan demikian. Contoh jenis jasa ini adalah menajemen fasilitas pemrosesan data
Jasa produk - menyediakan bagi klien suatu produk dan jasa profesional sebagai pendukung atas instalasi, penggunaan, atau pemeliharaan produk tertentu. Contoh jenis jasa ini adalah penjualan dan penyerahan paket program pelatihan, penjualan dan implementasi perangkat lunak komputer
5. Standar Pengendalian Mutu
Standar Pengendalian Mutu Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) memberikan panduan bagi kantor akuntan publik di dalam melaksanakan pengendalian kualitas jasa yang dihasilkan oleh kantornya dengan mematuhi berbagai standar yang diterbitkan oleh Dewan Standar Profesional Akuntan Publik Institut Akuntan Publik Indonesia (DSPAP IAPI) dan Aturan Etika Kompartemen Akuntan Publik yang diterbitkan oleh IAPI.