peran perawat dalam darurat bencana

7/23/2019 Peran Perawat Dalam Darurat Bencana

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PERAN PERAWAT KOMUNITAS

DALAM MANAJEMEN BENCANA



MEANING OF DISASTER

• Disaster means a catastrophe, calamity on mishap, a grave

occurrence hich causes loss o! li!e, human su!!ering, "amage to# "estruction o! property "egra"ation o! environment hich

"isrupts the normal !unctioning o! societies, government

communities an" hich a"versely a!!ects in"ivi"ual an" !amilies

ith severity an" it is $eyon" the coping capacity o! the

community o! the a!!ecte" area%



DEFINITION• DISASTER & Setiap kejadian yg menyebabkan

kerusakan, ggn ekonomi, kehilangan nyawamanusia, menurunnya kondisi kesehatan & layanan

kesehatan dalam skala cukup untuk melindungi

masyarakat%



• DISASTER MANAGEMENT- pengelolaan efektif dalam mengarahkan danmenggunakan semua sumber daya untukmenghadapi bencana.



'(ASES OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT:

1.Preentie phase-!"itigation, storm shelter,

warning system etc.#$.Personal preparedness

Professional preparedness

%ommunity preparedness

.'esponse phase

(.'ecoery phase



The Phases of Disaster

• "itigation:

– )essen the impact of a disaster before it

strikes

• Preparedness:

– *ctiities undertaken to handle a disaster

when it strikes



The Phases of Disaster (!

• 'esponse:

– Search and rescue, clearing debris, and feeding and

sheltering ictims !and responders if necessary#.

• 'ecoery:

– +etting a community back to its pre-disaster status



Miti"atio#

• *ctiities that reduce or eliminate a

haard

– Preention

– 'isk reduction

•amples – /mmuniation programs

– Public education



Res$o#se

• *ctiities a hospital, healthcare system, or

public health agency take immediately

before, during, and after a disaster or

emergency occurs



Re&o'er

• *ctiities undertaken by a community and

its components after an emergency or

disaster to restore minimum serices and

moe towards long-term restoration.

– ebris 'emoal

– %are and Shelter

– amage *ssessments

– 2unding *ssistance



Are #)rses $re$are%**



ealth Worker Density by

Region



N)rses Po$)+atio#



N)rses Ki++e% B Disasters



Ro+e of #)rsi#" i# %isasters

isaster preparedness, including risk

assessment and multi-disciplinary

management strategies at all system leels, is

critical to the deliery of effectie responses

to the short, medium, and long-term health

needs of a disaster-stricken population./nternational %ouncil of 3urses !$445#



N)rses, ro+es i# %isasters

"enentukan tingkat keparahan"enentukan kebutuhan kesehatan group masyarakat ttt

"enentukan tujuan dan prioritas/dentifikasi masalah kesehatan aktual dan potensial

kesehatan masyarakat"enentukan sumber daya yg dibutuhkan masyarakat

0olaborasi dengan profesional kesehatan lain, pemerintah, 3+6"enjaga komunikasi melalui garis komando0omunikasi



Co--)#i&atio# is a s)&&ess

.e• 3ursing organiations must hae a

comprehensie and accurate registry for all

members

• 7ae a structured plan:• %ollaborate and coordinate with local authorities

• 7ae a hotline $(8

• /nform nurses where to report and how !keep records#

• "ake sure hae a coordinator to preent chaos

• nsure ways to maintain communication between

nurses and their families



The Nee% for %isaster N)rsi#"

trai#i#"• 11 million nurses world wide:

• 2orm the backbone of the health care system

• *re the frontline health care workers who are in direct

contact with the public

• %ontribute to health of indiiduals, families, communities,

and the globe

• Schools of nursing offer little or no

information on disaster nursing !976, $44#• Shortage of trained instructors;faculty !976,

$44#



Core &o-$ete#&ies i# %isaster

#)rsi#" trai#i#"• thical and legal issues, and decision making<

• %are principles<

• 3ursing care<

• 3eeds assessment and planning<

• Safety and security<

• %ommunication and interpersonal relationships<

• Public health< and• 7ealth care systems and policies in emergency

situations

!976, $44#



To$i&s that -)st /e &o'ere% /

%isaster #)rsi#" trai#i#"• =asic life support

• System and planning for settings where nurses work

• %ommunications !what to report and to whom#

• 9orking in the damaged facilities and with damagede>uipment

• Safety of clients and practitioners

• 9orking within a team !understand each member?s

role and responsibility#

• /nfection control

• "ental and psychosocial support

!976, $445#



N)RSES RO*E IN +OMM)NIT

ASSESSMENT

• *ssess the community !.g.-)ocal climate conductie for disaster #

• Past history of disaster

• *ailable community disaster • Personal aailable in the community

• )ocal agencies

• 7ealth care facilities aailable.

DIAGNOSIS



DIAGNOSIS

• iagnose community disaster threats%

• etermine the actual and potential disaster threats.

• %ommunity disaster planning.

'*ANNING Develop disaster plan-

@*im:

Ao proide prompt and effectie medical care tothe maimum possible in order to minimiemorbidity and mortality.



@Objectives

Prepare the staff and institutional resources.

%reate a community awareness.



Plan for

@ Pembentukan komite bencana

@ 'uang kontrol bencana. @ "erujuk korban utk dirawat

@ 'apid response team

@ /nformation and communication.

@ isaster beds

@ )ogistic support system-e>uipment

and supplies.

@ Pelatihan dan simulasi bencana.

El t f di t l



Elements of disaster plan:

0oordinasi Pemda

Balur komunikasi

Benis transport

"obilisasi

9arning System

Pembagian merata 'escue and recoery

Ariage

Areatment

ukungan bagi korban dan keluarga

Penanganan korban meninggal

'ehabilitasi relawan bencana



Activation of disaster management plans:

0embangkan S6P !mis: =%P#

'eception area-isaster content room.Ariage

ocumentation at control room

Public relation

ssential serices-eg.water

and power and food

%rowd management;securityarrangements.



Activities needed in planning:

/dentify local community communication system

/dentify disaster personnel like priate and

professional oluntary etc.

/dentify regional back up agencies and personnel

/dentify specific responsibilities for arious personnel

inoled in the disaster plan.

Set up an emergency medical system and chain of

actiation.

/dentify location and accessibility of e>uipments andsupplies. %heck proper functioning of emergency e>uipments. /dentify outdated supplies and replace.

I l t di t l



Implement disaster plans:

2ocus on primary preention actiities to preent

occurrence of man made disaster.

Practice community disaster plans with all personnal-eg.Ariage, Supply of food ,water.

practice using e>uipment, obtaining and distributing

supplies.

Shelter management plans:



Shelter management plans:

3urse can act as shelter managers

)isten to the ictims

ncourage ictims to oercome the crisis

elegate tasks to team members and co-ordinate actiities

Proide the basic resources. like food, water etc

Proide compassion and dignity to the ictim.



RO*E OF N)RSE IN DIFFERENT '(ASES



RO*E OF N)RSE IN DIFFERENT '(ASES

Disaster phases.

"enyampaikan berita pada'S terdekat

=ersiap dengan peralatan

emergensi "emulangkan pasien

"eningkatkan kesadaran.



Response phase.

/dentifikasi populasi

Ariase pda korban"erawat korban

"obiliasi korban

"engatur fasilitas fisik untukkorban.

Recovery phase%

%ounseling

Perawatan lanjur Cocational Araining

"odifikasi Perilaku

'ehabilitasi



Risk redction phase%

*wareness about disaster

Araining to people"ass health education

ducation about warning signs of disaster.

N)RSES RES'ONSI.I*IT



N)RSES RES'ONSI.I*IT

• 'RE/'*ANNING: deeloping a responsible plan !=%P#

• Storage of e>uipment and supplies

• 2ollow the protocol of notification

• esignation of an alternatie reporting

site for health care workers

• Cery familiar with the e>uipment andsupplies to use

• "uch disaster drills

• Dse of personal protectie deices

• 0nowledge on potential haards at

• the disaster sites. .g.: unstable building structure



+OMM)NIT 'RE'AREDNESS

• ducation

• 2irst aid program• "aking each home to store

• mergency telephone numbers

• =attery operated radio• 2lash light

• 2irst aid kit

• Ahree day supply of water

• "edical information &family physician detail• Persons to be notified in emergency

O A S O S S O



RO*E AND RES'ONSI.I*ITIES OF T(E

DISASTER MANAGEMENT .OARD

eelop a 3ational isaster *ction plan

7elping the ministries and agencies

9orking with local authorities

Proiding documentation and information serices

"onitoring and referring the +ot.

D i



Dring an emergency-

nsure the effectie communication and information

*ctiity and operate 3ational emergency

Priate secretarial serice and epert adice to the 3ationalisaster management %ouncil and inter ministerial disastermanagement co-ordination

committee.Proide information to and liase

with the economic relations

diisions and the ministry of

information.



Dring post disaster recovery-

%o-operate with the planning commission and

line agencies on reconstruction re>uirementsnsure the risk reduction measures.

Dnder take final ealuation.

+ON+*)SION



+ON+*)SION

%ommunity health nurses are an integral part of disaster planning and implementation efforts. Ahey are inoled as

planners, educators, direct care giers and assessmentsuperisors.

Ahey sere as a community surey assessment or triageofficers after the disaster has occurred. 7ence participate

actiely in disaster management as a community healthnurse and protect the health of the community before,during and after disaster.



(1

Pri#&i$+es of Disaster Ma#a"e-e#t

E Preent the disaster

E "inimie casualties

E Preent further casualties

E 'escue the ictims

E 2irst aid

E acuate

E "edical careE 'econstruction



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T0ANK 1OU

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