pengukuran tinggi 2014_final

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September 5, 2016 pengukuran Beda Tinggi - MGR 1

Oleh : Gondang Riyadi

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Infrastruktur Drainase


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September 5, 2016

3MGR - Kartografi - PSLH

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September 5, 2016 Penggambaran Detil - MGR 5

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PETA ISO KWALITAS BATUBARAPETA ISO KWALITAS BATUBARA


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ALTIMETER

BAROMETRIC LEVELLING

TRIGONOMETRIC LEVELING

WATERPASSING (PENYIPAT DATAR)


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Alat penyipat datar : konvensional maupun yang modern (baru)

Rambu ukur (baak) baik dilengkapi dengan mistar skala maupun tidak

Sepatu rambu sebagai alas dari rambu ukur Statif rambu untuk menjaga rambu supaya tidak

jatuh Nivo kotak untuk membuat rambu supaya tidak

miring (baik kemuka atau kebelakang dan ke kiri atau ke kanan


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http://sugarmtnfarm.com/blog/uploaded_images/LineLevelCloseup09250002-730681.jpg

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http://sugarmtnfarm.com/blog/uploaded_images/LineLevelCloseup09250002-730681.jpg

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1. Base Plate

2. Horizontal Circle

3. Eyepiece

4. Circular Bubble

5. Sighting Pointer

6. Objective Lens

7. Focusing Knob

8. Fine Motion Drive

9. Footscrew

10. Bubble Mirror

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September 5, 2016pengukuran Beda Tinggi - MGR 19

Automatic Level Staff Readings ona staff

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Panjangnya bisa 3 s/d 5 meterDibuat bisa dari kayu atau

aluminiumAda yang sederhana dan ada

yang dilengkapi dengan mistar skala (skala baar)


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•Setiap meter diberi warna yang berbeda

•Setiap graduation sebesar 100 mm

•Setiap “E” adalah 50 mm

•Rambu dibaca dalam satuan milimeter

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0.3

0.33

0.339

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2

1

3 Large numbers are even feet

Small numbers are 10th

of a foot

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1

3

.10

.09

.08

.07

.06

.05

.04

.03

.02

.01

10 e

qual

sp

ace

s

100

th o

f a fo

ot

.00

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2

1

3

3.14.10.09.08.07.06.05.04.03.02.01.00

FYI

Foot Reading

10ths Reading

100ths Reading

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UGMActual Rod Reading

2

1

5

5.05.10.09.08.07.06.05.04.03.02.01.00

FYI

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1. 1.09 2. 4.17

3. 7.01 4. 3.89

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UGMMemerlukan peralatan optis yang mempunyai Benang silang


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Jarak antara TSR (benang atas) dan BSR (benang bawah) disebut interval stadia .


€

Hor. Dist. = SI x SF

SI = Stadia interval

SF = Stadia factor

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UGM Garis silang merupakan garis kolimasi

BB dan BA disebut dengan garis stadia

Biasanya stadia mempunyai faktor pengali 100


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BA = 3.040 BB = 2.946 BA – BB = 0.094

Jarak optis = 0.094 x 100 = 9.4 metres


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€

Hor. Dist. = TSR - BSR( ) x SF

€

Dist = TSR - BSR( ) x SF= 6.01 - 5.47( ) x 100= 0.54 x 100

= 54 ft

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€

Dist = TSR - BSR( ) x SF= 7.844 - 4.619( ) x 100= 3.225 x 100

= 322.5 ft

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Apabila Benang atas atau benang bawah terhalang, bisa digunakan cara ½ stadia. ½ stadia adalah setengah dari interval stadia


Contoh :

Jika TRS = 7.34 dan elevasi 6.21, maka jarak mendatarnya :

€

Horizontal Distance = TSR - Elev( ) x 2[ ] x 100= 7.34 - 6.21( ) x 2[ ] x 100= 226 ft

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Ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kesalahan pengukuran beda tinggi yang menggunakan penyipat datar, di antaranya ::

• Kesalahan garis kolimasi • Karena kelengkungan bumi • Kesalahan refraksi (undulasi) • Kesalahan paralaks


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Garis kolimasi adalah garis imaginer yang lebat benang silang pada teropong sipat datar


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Karena panas sinar matahari akan mengakibatkan bacaan di rambu kabur / tidak jelas (undulasi)

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Step 1 Staff Slowly Leant Towards Instrument

Important Note – The person using the instrument keeps the staff vertical by use of the Vertical line in the instrument.

Step 2 Staff Slowly Tilted away from Instrument. When Vertical lowest reading will be reading recorded

Step 3 Staff Slowly Tilted away from instrument. Once past vertical readings will increase

Kesalahan dalam Pembacaan Rambu Ukur


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A

B

ba

dHab

d1 d2

HB = HA + dHab

= HA + (a – b )September 5, 2016 pengukuran Beda Tinggi - MGR 44

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B/S 2.510F/S 1.202Diff Between 1.308

B/S 2.301F/S 1.517Diff Between 0.784

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MSL

Pengukuran beda tinggi dengan metode sipat datar


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p0

p1

p0 = known point (benchmark)

BS IS IS FS


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A

B

ba

dHab

d1 d2

HB = HA + dHab

= HA + (a – b )September 5, 2016 pengukuran Beda Tinggi - MGR 48

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Baca TOR pengukuran Buat SKETSA Lapangan Pemasangan titik ikat di lapangan Mengukur sudut Mengukur Jarak Mengukur Beda Tinggi Mengukur Detil di lapangan


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1. Jarak maksimum antara alat sipat datar ke rambu 60 meter.

2. Kedudukan alat pada setiap slag pengukuran harus pada jarak yang sama antara jarak instrumen ke rambu depan dan instrumen ke rambu belakang.

TOR / KAKKerangka acuan Kerja

BacaTOR

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PENGUKURAN TITIK KONTROL VERTIKAL

1.Pengukuran tinggi titik-titik kontrol vertikal dilakukan dengan metode sipat datar. Spesifikasi pengukuran adalah sebagai berikut:2.Sebelum alat digunakan harus dicek garis kolimasinya terlebih dahulu.3.Pengukuran beda tinggi dalam satu seksi dilakukan pergi pulang dalam satu hari.4.Jarak maksimum antara alat sipatdatar ke rambu 60 meter.5.Kedudukan alat pada setiap slag pengukuran harus pada jarak yang sama antara jarak instrumen ke rambu depan dan instrumen ke rambu belakang. 6.Kesalahan penutup maksimum ukuran pergi-pulang sebesar 10 mm √L (L: dalam kilometer).

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p0

PENGUKURAN SATU SLAG

BSFS


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p0

p1

PENGUKURAN SATU SEKSI

BS FS


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p0

p1

P0 dan P1 = (benchmark))

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MSL

Pengukuran beda tinggi dengan metode sipat datar


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Pengukuran PERGI ><PULANG

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A benchmark in every-day language is a point of reference for a measurement. In surveying a benchmark is specifically any permanent marker placed by a surveyor with a precisely known vertical elevation (but not necessarily a precisely known horizontal location). Designed to be used for many projects.

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Set up the instrument where the benchmark can be viewed within correct parameters and a reasonable number of sights can be viewed. This location is identified as L1 circled in red

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Surveyor______________________ Chainmen_________________________________

Instrument No___________________ Date__________________

BacksightIntermediate

Sight Foresight Rise FallReduced

Level Top Bottom Dist Remarks1.575 47.195 1.817 1.377 44.000 BM

Booking Sheet

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1.250 Station 10.850 Station 21.330 Station 31.580 Station 4

Booking Sheet

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1.450 1.462 1.438 24.000 S5 (CP)

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1.450 1.570 1.330 24.000 S5 (CP)2.550 2.680 2.420 26.000 S5 (CP)

Booking Sheet

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1.250 S10.850 S21.330 S31.580 S4

1.450 1.570 1.330 24.000 S5 (CP)2.550 2.680 2.420 26.000 S5 (CP)

1.980 S61.760 S71.710 S81.840 S91.920 S10

Booking Sheet

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1.250 S10.850 S21.330 S31.580 S4

1.450 1.570 1.330 24.000 S5 (CP)2.550 2.680 2.420 26.000 S5 (CP)

1.980 S61.760 S71.710 S81.840 S91.920 S10

3.250 S11 (CP)

Booking Sheet

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1.250 S10.850 S21.330 S31.580 S4

1.450 1.570 1.330 24.000 S5 (CP)2.550 2.680 2.420 26.000 S5 (CP)

1.980 S61.760 S71.710 S81.840 S91.920 S10

3.250 3.400 3.100 30.000 S11 (CP)1.831 2.021 1.641 38.000 S11 (CP)

1.258 1.418 1.098 32.000 BM

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1.250 S10.850 S21.330 S31.580 S4

1.450 1.570 1.330 24.000 S5 (CP)2.550 2.680 2.420 26.000 S5 (CP)

1.980 S61.760 S71.710 S81.840 S91.920 S10

3.250 3.400 3.100 30.000 S11 (CP)1.831 2.021 1.641 38.000 S11 (CP)

1.258 1.418 1.098 32.000 BM

5.956 5.958 (Misclose) 194.000

Booking Sheet

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1.250 0.325 S10.850 0.400 S21.330 -0.480 S31.580 -0.250 S4

1.450 0.130 1.570 1.330 24.000 S5 (CP)2.550 2.680 2.420 26.000 S5 (CP)

1.980 0.570 S61.760 0.220 S71.710 0.050 S81.840 -0.130 S91.920 -0.080 S10

3.250 -1.330 3.400 3.100 30.000 S11 (CP)1.831 2.021 1.641 38.000 S11 (CP)

1.258 0.573 1.418 1.098 32.000 BM

5.956 5.958 194.000

Booking Sheet

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1.250 0.325 S10.850 0.400 S21.330 -0.480 S31.580 -0.250 S4

1.450 0.130 1.570 1.330 24.000 S5 (CP)2.550 2.680 2.420 26.000 S5 (CP)

1.980 0.570 S61.760 0.220 S71.710 0.050 S81.840 -0.130 S91.920 -0.080 S10

3.250 -1.330 3.400 3.100 30.000 S11 (CP)1.831 2.021 1.641 38.000 S11 (CP)

1.258 0.573 1.418 1.098 32.000 BM

5.956 5.958 2.268 -2.270 194.000

Booking Sheet

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1.250 0.325 47.520 S10.850 0.400 47.920 S21.330 -0.480 47.440 S31.580 -0.250 47.190 S4

1.450 0.130 47.320 1.570 1.330 24.000 S5 (CP)2.550 2.680 2.420 26.000 S5 (CP)

1.980 0.570 47.890 S61.760 0.220 48.110 S71.710 0.050 48.160 S81.840 -0.130 48.030 S91.920 -0.080 47.950 S10

3.250 -1.330 46.620 3.400 3.100 30.000 S11 (CP)1.831 2.021 1.641 38.000 S11 (CP)

1.258 0.573 47.193 1.418 1.098 32.000 BM

5.956 5.958 2.268 -2.270 -0.002 194.000

Booking Sheet

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Traverse Length = 190 metres Allowable Misclose = 12 x SQRT(0.190)

= 12 x 0.4359= 5.23mm


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Sight Foresight Rise Fall

1.3501.8502.2502.5353.030

2.7802.500

2.1903.1403.3802.230

1.9601.680

2.3601.480

1.2560.570

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Level Top Bottom Dist Remarks1.350 BM

1.850 B2.250 C2.535 D3.030 E (CP)

2.780 F (CP)2.500 F (CP)

2.190 G3.140 H3.380 I2.230 J

1.960 K (CP)1.680 K (CP)

2.360 L1.480 M (CP)

1.256 BM0.570

6.786 -6.790 0.000 0.000

B/S 6.786 RISE 0.000 END 0.000F/S -6.790 FALL 0.000 START 0.000Misclose -0.004 0.000 0.000

Booking Sheet

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Sight Foresight Rise Fall

0.6550.4651.2150.3650.690

1.1000.455

0.7601.2000.985

2.1002.560

0.7551.645

3.2732.100

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Level Top Bottom Dist Remarks0.655 3.650 BM

0.465 0.190 3.840 B1.215 -0.750 3.090 C0.365 0.850 3.940 D0.690 -0.325 3.615 E

1.100 -0.410 3.205 F (CP)0.455 F (CP)

0.760 -0.305 2.900 G1.200 -0.440 2.460 H0.985 0.215 2.675 I

2.100 -1.115 1.560 J (CP)2.560 J (CP)

0.755 1.805 3.365 K1.645 -0.890 2.475 L (CP)

3.273 L (CP)2.100 1.173 3.648 BM

6.943 -6.945 4.233 -4.235

B/S 6.943 RISE 4.233 END 3.648F/S -6.945 FALL -4.235 START 3.650Misclose -0.002 -0.002 -0.002

Booking Sheet

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SightFore sight

Height of Collimation

Reduced Level Top Bottom Dist Remarks

1.575 48.770 47.1951.250 47.5200.850 47.9201.330 47.4401.580 47.190

Booking Sheet

• It is more convenient for “Area Levelling” and can become cumbersome on long traverses.

It is also an easier method for “On the Fly Levelling”

• Also Known as Instrument Height Method

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Set up the instrument where the benchmark can be viewed within correct parameters and a reasonable number of sights can be viewed. This location is identified as L1 circled in red

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SightFore sight



1.575 48.770 47.195

Booking Sheet

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SightFore sight



1.575 48.770 47.1951.250 47.520 S10.850 47.920 S21.330 47.440 S31.580 47.190 S4

Booking Sheet

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SightFore sight



1.575 48.770 47.195 BM1.250 47.520 S10.850 47.920 S21.330 47.440 S31.580 47.190 S4

1.450 48.770 S5

Booking Sheet

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SightFore sight



1.575 48.770 47.195 BM1.250 47.520 S10.850 47.920 S21.330 47.440 S31.580 47.190 S4

2.550 1.450 49.870 47.320 S5

Booking Sheet

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SightFore sight



1.575 48.770 47.195 BM1.250 47.520 S10.850 47.920 S21.330 47.440 S31.580 47.190 S4

2.550 1.450 49.870 47.320 S51.980 47.890 S61.760 48.110 S71.710 48.160 S81.840 48.030 S91.920 47.950 S10

Booking Sheet

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SightFore sight



1.575 48.770 47.195 BM1.250 47.520 S10.850 47.920 S21.330 47.440 S31.580 47.190 S4

2.550 1.450 49.870 47.320 S51.980 47.890 S61.760 48.110 S71.710 48.160 S81.840 48.030 S91.920 47.950 S10

3.250 46.620 S11 (CP)

Booking Sheet

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Sight Fore sightHeight of

CollimationReduced

Level Top Bottom Dist Remarks1.575 48.770 47.195 BM

1.250 47.520 S10.850 47.920 S21.330 47.440 S31.580 47.190 S4

2.550 1.450 49.870 47.320 S51.980 47.890 S61.760 48.110 S71.710 48.160 S81.840 48.030 S91.920 47.950 S10

1.831 3.250 48.451 46.620 S11 (CP)1.258 47.193 BM

Booking Sheet

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CollimationReduced


1.250 47.520 S10.850 47.920 S21.330 47.440 S31.580 47.190 S4

2.550 1.450 49.870 47.320 S51.980 47.890 S61.760 48.110 S71.710 48.160 S81.840 48.030 S91.920 47.950 S10

1.831 3.250 48.451 46.620 S11 (CP)1.258 47.193 BM

5.956 5.9585.958

-0.002 Misclose

Booking Sheet

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CollimationReduced


1.250 47.520 S10.850 47.920 S21.330 47.440 S31.580 47.190 S4

2.550 1.450 49.870 47.320 S51.980 47.890 S61.760 48.110 S71.710 48.160 S81.840 48.030 S91.920 47.950 S10

1.831 3.250 48.451 46.620 S11 (CP)1.258 47.193 BM

5.956 5.9585.958

-0.002 Misclose

End RL 47.193Start BM 47.195Misclose -0.002

Booking Sheet

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Definition – Misclose- is when closing of a traverse due to errors in readings and instrument limitations there is a discrepancy.

The allowable discrepancy is (12 x square root of traverse in kilometres)


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Traverse Length = 190 metres Allowable Misclose = 12 x SQRT(0.190)

= 12 x 0.4359= 5.23mm


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TerimakasihPT. Waindo SpecTerra

Geomatic Training and Research Center (GTRC)


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PRAKTEK LAPANGANPRAKTEK LAPANGAN


pengukuran tinggi 2014_final

Engineering