peng proses produk (plastik)

8/12/2019 Peng Proses Produk (Plastik)

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PENGETAHUAN PROSES 2

Dipersiapkan sebagai materi perkuliahan

Mahasiswa Semester ! "Pembuat Perkakas Presisi

P#AST$% PRODU%TS PRO%ESS$NG

MOER&$SMADH$

Dipersiapkan oleh:POLITEKNIK MANUFAKTUR BANDUNGJl. Kanayakan 21 Dago, Bandung, 40135Telp. + 2 22 250 0241, !a". + 2 22 250 2 4#

$%&ail : 'ekre(aria()pol&an%*andung.a .ide* : h((p:-- .pol&an%*andung.a .id

ISO 9001 :2000Lic no: QECxxxxxSAI GLOBAL
mailto:[email protected]://www.polman-bandung.ac.id/http://www.polman-bandung.ac.id/mailto:[email protected]


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THE $N'E%T$ON MO#D$NG PRO%ESS

%etakan $n(eksi a)alah suatu pr*ses +men)*r*ng, plastik lelehke )alam +-a.it/, -etakan0 Setelah lelehan plastik telahmen)ingin1 pr*)uk )apat )i +e(e-t, keluar -etakan0 %etakan$n(eksi sering )igunakan untuk kebutuhan pr*)uksi massalataupun +pr*t*t/ping,0

Pr*ses %etakan $n(eksi )apat )ikatakan merupakan tekn*l*gi +baru, )alam membentuk pr*)uk0 Mesin $n(eksi Plastik +pertama, )ibangun pa)a tahun 3456an


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$N'E%T$ON MO#D$NG

/n e (ion olding adalah sua(u proses (eknik &anu ak(ur un(uk pe&*ua(an

ko&ponen produk dari *ahan plas(ik. las(ik leleh diin eksikan-disun(ikkandngan (ekanan (inggi ke dala& e(akan yang &e&*en(uk sesuai keinginan.

e(akan plas(ik di*ua( dari loga&, *iasanya dari *a a a(aupun alu&iniu&,diproses pe&esinan se ara (eli(i &e&*en(uk *enda produk plas(ik yangdiinginkan. /n eksi plas(ik sanga( luas digunakan *er*agai produk, dari yang

*erukuran ke il hingga *esar seukuran *agian *odi &o*il.

Ber*agai per(i&*angan dilakukan dala& peran angan e(akan plas(ik, agarproduk plas(ik (idak (er e*ak dan (erkun i di dala& e(akan, e(akan dapa((erisi penuh se*elu& lelehan plas(ik &engeras, ko&pensasi pengkeru(an

&a(erial plas(ik, dan &e&ini&alisasi ke(idakse&purnaan *en(uk produkplas(ik yang dapa( (er adi sela&a proses pen e(akan.


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P#AST$% $N'E%T$ON MA%H$NE


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Ma(*r steps in the in(e-ti*n m*l)ing pr*-ess :

2. ChargingSelama ;ase -harging1 material plastik )alam bentuk +Pellets8granulate,

)ari )alam penampung +h*pper, /ang bera)a )i atas unit $n(eksimesin1 masuk mengalir ke )alam silin)er /ang kemu)ian )ipanaskanhingga men-apai bentuk +lelehan, plastik0 9ba/angkan seperti pa)apr*ses pelumeran pa)a pist*l lem:0 Di )alam silin)er ter)apat batangulir /ang berhubungan )engan m*t*r penggerak0


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Ma(*r steps in the in(e-ti*n m*l)ing pr*-ess :

4. Injeksi,

#elehan plastik )i)*r*ng *leh gerakan linier batang ulir masukke )alam -etakan melalui n*??le1 sprue1 runner hingga seluruh-a.it/0


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"ajor s#eps in #he inje!#ion moldingpro!ess:

$. Cooling

#elehan plastik )i,beri kesempatan, untukmen)ingin men-apai bentuk pa)atann/a )i )alam-etakan0

%. "old &pening

Unit +-lamping, mengurangi tekanann/a )anmembuka )ua bagian utama -etakan plastik0'. (je!#ion


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A).antages ! Disa).antages *; $n(e-ti*n M*l)ing

A).antagesHigh pr*)u-ti*n ratesHigh t*leran-es are repeatable&i)e range *; materials -an be use)#*w lab*r -*sts

Minimal s-rap l*sses#ittle nee) t* ;inish parts a;ter m*l)ing

Disa).antagesE>pensi.e e uipment in.estmentRunning -*sts ma/ be highParts must be )esigne) with m*l)ing -*nsi)erati*n


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Other ASPE%TS *n Plasti- $n(e-ti*n

"oldA h*ll*w ;*rm *r matri> ;*r shaping a ;lui) *r plasti- substan-e0$n(e-ti*n m*l)s ha.e man/ h*les )rille) in the bl*-k ;*r temperature-*ntr*l b/ means *; h*t water1 *il *r heaters0 M*lten plasti- ;l*ws int* am*l) thr*ugh a sprue an) ;ills -a.ities b/ wa/ *; runners an) gates0

)las#i!A natural *r s/ntheti- substan-e whi-h is pliable *r m*l)able at s*mestage )uring its ;*rming *r manu;a-turing0

*+nner%hannels in the in(e-ti*n m*l) that -*nne-t the sprue with the .ari*us-a.ities whi-h m*lten plasti- ;l*ws thr*ugh0

pr+eThe h*le thr*ugh whi-h m*lten material is -hannele) int* a m*l)0

The waste material ;illing *r pr*tru)ing ;r*m this h*le a;ter har)ening0The usuall/ plasti- r*) *r ;ramew*rk that se-ures m*l)e) *b(e-ts1 su-has m*)el parts *r game pie-es1 be;*re their ;irst use0


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trusi*n


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ECTRUS$ON trusi*n


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ECTRUS$ON


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ECTRUS$ON


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ECTRUS$ON


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$N'E%T$ON


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$N'E%T$ON


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$N'E%T$ON teen )epen)ing *n the arti-le si?e an)the re uire) *utput0 There are three sets *; -*re r*)s1 whi-hall*w -*n-urrent pre;*rm in(e-ti*n1 bl*w m*l)ing an)e(e-ti*n0

An*ther appli-ati*n *; in(e-ti*n bl*w m*l)ing is in the pr*)u-ti*n *; s*;t elasti-gelatin -apsules ;*r pharma-euti-al appli-ati*ns0 Tw* strips *; gelatin are presse)t*gether in a r*tar/ )ie whi-h -uts *ut the )esire) shape *; -apsule while the ;illli ui) is in(e-te)0 A;terwar)s1 the/ are -**le) an) )rie) t* /iel) a ;irm1 str*ng-apsule0
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encapsulation_(pharmacology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encapsulation_(pharmacology)


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$N'E%T$ON


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STRET%H


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STRET%H


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STRET%H


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STRET%H


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FA%UUM MO#D$NG

Fa-uum m*ul)ing ma/ be use) ;*r the pr*)u-ti*n *; parts ;r*m

me)ium t* large )imensi*ns0 All*ws the -reati*n *; parts with b*th;a-es with a sm**th appearan-e0 amples are thepr*)u-ti*n *; tra/s1 belting pr*te-t*rs ;*r r*tati.e ma-hines1 ele-tri-it/)istributi*n b*>es an) s-h*lar -hairs

Fa-uum m*ul)ing w*rks -*mbine) with l*w pressure in(e-ti*nm*ul)ing te-hni ues0 The parti-ularit/ *; this pr*-ess -*nsists in breakapart the ;un-ti*ns *; m*ul) -l*sure an) resin ;lu>0The m*ul) -l*sure is )*ne b/ a peripheri- -ir-uit with a high le.el *;.a-uum0 The resin ;lu> is *btaine) with a l*w pressure in(e-ti*n *r

manuall/ appl/ing the resin insi)e the m*ul) be;*re its -l*sure7 whenthe -l*sure ;*ll*ws the .a-uum is -reate) insi)e the m*ul) -a.it/0The m*re usuall/ applie) resins are the p*l/esters with l*w .is-*sit/that might be -*mbine) with mineral -*ntents0


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FA%UUM MO#D$NG


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%OMPRESS$ON MO#D$NG

%*mpressi*n m*l)ing is an *l)an) wi)el/ use) m*l)ing pr*-ess

;*r therm*setting plasti-s0 $tsappli-ati*ns als* in-lu)etherm*plasti- ph*n*graphre-*r)s1 rubber tires1 an) .ari*usp*l/mer matri> -*mp*site parts0The pr*-ess1 illustrate) ;*r a TSplasti-7 -*nsists *; 9 : l*a)ing apre-ise am*unt *; m*l)ing-*mp*un)1 -alle) the charge 1int* the b*tt*m hal; *; a heate)m*l)7 92: bringing the m*l)hal.es t*gether t* -*mpress the-harge1 ;*r-ing it t* ;l*w an)-*n;*rm t* the shape *; the-a.it/7 94: heating the -harge b/means *; the h*t m*l) t*p*l/meri?e an) -ure the materialint* a s*li)i;ie) part7 an) 9 :*pening the m*l) hal.es an)rem*.ing the part ;r*m the-a.it/0


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%OMPRESS$ON MO#D$NG

%*mpressi*n m*l)ing ;*r therm*plasti-sB 9 : -harge is l*a)e)1 92: an)94: -harge is -*mpresse) an) -ure)1 an) 9 : *pening the m*l) hal.es

an) rem*.ing the part ;r*m the -a.it/0


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TRANS=ER MO#D$NG

$n this pr*-ess1 a therm*setting -harge 9pre;*rm: is

l*a)e) int* a -hamber imme)iatel/ ahea) *; the m*l)-a.it/1 where it is heate)7 pressure is then applie) t*;*r-e the s*;tene) p*l/mer t* ;l*w int* the heate)m*l) where -uring *--urs0 There are tw* .ariants *;the pr*-essB 9a: po# #rans er molding 1 in whi-h the-harge is in(e-te) ;r*m a p*t thr*ugh a .erti-alsprue -hannel int* the -a.it/7 an) 9b: pl+nger#rans er molding 1 in whi-h the -harge is in(e-te) b/means *; a plunger ;r*m a heate) well thr*ugh lateral-hannels int* the m*l) -a.it/0 $n b*th -ases1 s-rap ispr*)u-e) ea-h -/-le in the ;*rm *; the le;t*.ermaterial in the base *; the well an) lateral -hannels1-alle) the !+ll 0 $n a))iti*n1 the sprue in p*t trans;er iss-rap material0


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TRANS=ER MO#D$NG

%*mpressi*n m*l)ing ;*r therm*plasti-sB 9 : -harge is l*a)e)1 92: an)

94: -harge is -*mpresse) an) -ure)1 an) 9 : *pening the m*l) hal.esan) rem*.ing the part ;r*m the -a.it/0


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TRANS=ER MO#D$NG

9a: P*t trans;er m*l)ing1 an) 9b: plunger trans;er m*l)ing0 %/-lein b*th pr*-esses is 9 : -harge is l*a)e) int* p*t7 92: s*;tene)p*l/mer is presse) int* m*l) -a.it/ an) -ure)7 an) 94: part ise(e-te)0


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THERMO=ORM$NG

-hermo orming is a pr*-ess in whi-h a ;lat therm*plasti-sheet is heate) an) )e;*rme) int* the )esire) shape0 The pr*-essis wi)el/ use) in pa-kaging *; -*nsumer pr*)u-ts an) t* ;abri-atelarge items su-h as bathtubs1 -*nt*ure) sk/lights1 an) internal)**r liners ;*r re;rigerat*rs0Therm*;*rming -*nsists *; tw* main stepsB heating an) ;*rming0Heating is usuall/ a--*mplishe) b/ ra)iant ele-tri- heaters1l*-ate) *n *ne *r b*th si)es *; the starting plasti- sheet at a)istan-e *; r*ughl/ 2 mm 9 in0:0 Durati*n *; the heating -/-lenee)e) t* su;;i-ientl/ s*;ten the sheet )epen)s *n the p*l/mer1its thi-kness an) -*l*r0 The meth*)s b/ whi-h the ;*rming step isa--*mplishe) -an be -lassi;ie) int* three basi- -ateg*riesB 9 :.a-uum therm*;*rming1 92: pressure therm*;*rming1 an) 94:me-hani-al therm*;*rming0 $n *ur )is-ussi*n *; these meth*)s1we )es-ribe the ;*rming *; sheet st*-k7 in the pa-kagingin)ustr/1 m*st therm*;*rming *perati*ns are per;*rme) *n thin;ilms0


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FA%UUM THERMO=ORM$NG

>a uu& (her&o or&ing: 81 a la( plas(i shee( is so (ened *y hea(ing? 82 (heso (ened shee( is pla ed o er a on a e &old a i(y? 83 a a uu& dra s(he shee( in(o (he a i(y? and 84 (he plas(i hardens on on(a ( i(h (he old&old sur a e, and (he par( is re&o ed and su*se6uen(ly (ri&&ed ro& (he

e*.


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PRESSURE THERMO=ORM$NG

An alternati.e t* .a-uum ;*rming in.*l.es p*siti.e pressure t* ;*r-e theheate) plasti- int* the m*l) -a.it/0 This is -alle) press+re #hermo orming

*r low orming its a).antage *.er .a-uum ;*rming is that higher pressures-an be )e.el*pe) be-ause the latter is limite) t* a the*reti-al ma>imum *; atm0 haust the trappe) air0 The ;*rming p*rti*n *; the se uen-e 9steps 2an) 4: is illustrate) bel*w

Pressure therm*;*rming0 The se uen-e is similar t* pre.i*us ;igure1 the )i;;eren-ebeingB 92: sheet is pla-e) *.er a m*l) -a.it/7 an) 94: p*siti.e pressure ;*r-es thesheet int* the -a.it/0


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At this p*int it is use;ul t* )istinguish between negati.e an) p*siti.e m*l)s0 Them*l)s sh*wn ab*.e are nega#i0e molds be-ause the/ ha.e -*n-a.e -a.ities0 Aposi#i0e mold has a -*n.e> shape0 ;*rman) negati.e *r p*siti.e pressure is use) t* ;*r-e the plasti- against the m*l)sur;a-e0 The p*siti.e m*l) is sh*wn in bel*w ;*r the -ase *; .a-uum ;*rming0

Use *; a p*siti.e m*l) in .a-uum therm*;*rmingB 9 : the heate) plasti- sheetis p*siti*ne) ab*.e the -*n.e> m*l) an) 92: the -lamp is l*were) int* p*siti*n)raping the sheet *.er the m*l) as a .a-uum ;*r-es the sheet against the m*l)sur;a-e0


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Prestret-hing the sheet in 9 : pri*r t* )raping an) .a-uuming it *.era p*siti.e m*l)0


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ME%HAN$%A# THERMO=ORM$NG

The thir) meth*)1 -alle) me!hani!al #hermo orming 1 uses mat-hingp*siti.e an) negati.e m*l)s that are br*ught t*gether against theheate) plasti- sheet1 ;*r-ing it t* assume their shape0 $n the pureme-hani-al ;*rming meth*)1 air pressure 9p*siti.e *r negati.e: is n*tuse) at all0 The pr*-ess is illustrate) bel*w0 $ts a).antages are better)imensi*nal -*ntr*l an) the *pp*rtunit/ ;*r sur;a-e )etailing *n b*thsi)es *; the part0 The )isa).antage is that tw* m*l) hal.es are

re uire)7 the m*l)s ;*r the *ther tw* meth*)s are there;*re less -*stl/0


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* BB(* ) *-

Pr*ses pembentukan pr*)uk @aret pa)a umumn/a )apat )ibagi)alam kateg*ri )asarB

9 : e>trusi*n1 92: -alen)aring1 94: -*ating1 an) 9 : m*l)ing an) -asting0


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RUtu)er therm*plastik1 namunperban)ingan Pan(ang8)iameter silin)er e>tru)erlebih ke-il 9 5 ke :1 untuk mengurangi resik*pr*ses .ulkanisasi terlalu awal0


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RU


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RU


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RU


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RU

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