PENGANTAR PENDALAMAN MATERI ESENSIAL DAN SULIT

A. Reading

Bahasa memungkinkan kita untuk melakukan aneka transaksi dalam kehidupan. Kita menggunakan bahsa lisan dan tulisan untuk mencapai berbagai tujuan dan untuk bersosialisasi. Wacana (texts) yang memiliki tujuan sosial yang sama dan memiliki banyak kesamaan ciri kebahasaan disebut ’genres’ atau ’text types’. Secara umum, setiap jenis genre:

memiliki tujuan dipengaruhi oleh budaya dimana bahasa tersebut digunakan

memiliki bagian-bagian tertentu yang berurutan

memiliki ciri-ciri gramatikal

Halliday (1994) menyebutkan bahwa ada tiga fungsi bahasa:

1. bahasa sebagai alat untuk mengungkapkan pengalaman-pengalaman kehidupan (the experiential function)E.g. What’s going on, who’s involved and the surrounding circumstances.

2. bahasa sebagai alat untuk berinteraksi dengan sesama (the interpersonal function)E.g. the roles, relationships, feelings involved in interacting with others.

3. bahasa sebagai alat untuk menciptakan wacana yang baik (the textual function)E.g. the different modes and channels of communication

Fungsi bahasa yang berbeda-beda erat hubungannya dengan bagian khusus dari sistem bahasa. Sistem bahasa adalah jejaring yang kompleks yang terdiri dari unsur-unsur grammatikal dan leksikal yang dipandang sebagai kotak peralatan (tool box) atau sebagai sumber untuk menciptakan arti (meaning).

JENIS DAN TUJUAN KOMUNIKATIF TEKS

Kita menggunakan jenis teks tertentu sesuai dengan tujuan sosial yang hendak kita capai sesuai dengan konteks tertentu, misalnya apakah kita berbicara dengan adik atau kakak kita di rumah atau kita berbicara dengan kepala sekolah dalam rapat sekolah. Jenis-jenis text memiliki tujuan yang berbeda-beda. Berikut ini contoh tujuan-tujuan social tersebut:

memberi informasi menghibur menunjukkan suatu pendapat tertentu memesan makanan memberikan ‘complain’ terhadap suatu jasa atau barang dan lain-lain

Latihan 1

Lengkapilah tabel di bawah ini seperti contoh

Penggalan teks (PT) Tujuan sosial PT Posisi PT dalam keseluruhan teks (awal, tengah, akhir?) Mengapa demikian?

1.1. OK, we’ll turn on the oven first

To instruct someone how to do something

Beginning – I know that when cooking you generally turn on the oven to start with so that it’s at the right temperature.

1.2In conclusion, bikes should only be ridden on the footpath1.3A long, long time ago…1.4After we visited the night market, we went home.1.5This leads to water pollution.

Latihan 2

Berikut ini ada beberapa jenis teks. Tentukan kategori masing-masing teks dan tujuan sosialnya.

2.1. Jenis teks ______________________________________________________Tujuan ________________________________________________________

I like to eat out and I go to a restaurant for dinner at least twice a month. I go with my friends or my family. Our favorite restaurant is an Indian restaurant in Cleveland Street in Surry Hills. It is not very big but it is always busy. There are only a few tables in the restaurant and there is a white tablecloth on each table. There is also a vase with lovely flowers on each table. There are plants in the corners. The place is very clean and well lighted so the customer can have a nice talk while enjoying their meal. Traditional Indian music can be heard softly from the room speakers. We usually order hot curries and eat them with rice. Its Chai tea is a winner! The food is delicious but the price is affordable. In addition, the service is quick and friendly. We always have a pleasant evening at this restaurant.

2.1. Jenis teks ______________________________________________________Tujuan ________________________________________________________

The Eiffel Tower is an iron tower built on the Champ de Mars beside the Seine River in Paris. The tower has become a global icon of France and is one of the most recognizable structures in the world.

Named after its designer,tallest building in Paris More than 200,000,000 people have visited the tower since its construction in 1889, including 6,719,200 in 2006, making it the most visited paid monument in the world. Including the 24 m (79 ft) antenna, the structure is 325 m (1,063 ft) high (since 2000), which is equivalent to about 81 levels in a conventional building.

When the tower was completed in 1889 it was the world's tallest tower — a title it retained until 1930 when New York City's Chrysler Building (319 m — 1,047 ft tall) was completed. The tower is now the fifth-tallest structure in France and the tallest structure in Paris, with the second-tallest being the Tour Montparnasse (210 m — 689 ft), although that will soon be surpassed by Tour AXA (225.11 m — 738.36 ft).

2.3. Jenis teks ______________________________________________________Tujuan ________________________________________________________

The Lion was in a bad mood. That morning his wife, the Lioness, had told him that his breath smelled. He was worried. Then, the Lion called his three counsellors - the Sheep, the Wolf and the Fox.

First he called the Sheep. 'Tell me, Sheep,' growled the Lion, 'do you think my breath smells?' The Sheep thought the Lion wanted to know the truth. So she bowed low before the Lion and said, 'Your Majesty, your breath smells terrible. In fact, it smells so bad that it is making me feel quite ill.'

This was not what the Lion had wanted to hear. Roaring angrily, and calling the Sheep a fool, he pounced on her and bit her head off.

Next he called the Wolf. 'Tell me, Wolf,' growled the Lion sharpening his claws, 'do you think my breath smells?' The Wolf had seen the dead Sheep on the way, and he had no plans to end up the same way. He bowed low before the Lion and said, 'Your Majesty! How can you ask me that? Your breath smells as sweet as the flowers in spring, as fresh as the...'

He could not finish what he was going to say. 'Liar!' roared the Lion, and ripped him to pieces.

At last the Lion called the Fox. The Fox came warily; she had seen the dead Sheep and the dead Wolf on the way.

'Tell me, Fox,' growled the Lion, sharpening his claws and yawning widely so that the Fox could see his long sharp teeth, 'do you think my breath smells?'

The Fox coughed and sneezed and blew her nose, and then clearing her throat noisily, said in a hoarse whisper, 'Your Majesty, forgive me. I have such a nasty cold that I cannot smell a thing!’

2.4. Jenis teks ______________________________________________________Tujuan ________________________________________________________

Our bodies are made of flesh and bones. Anytime any part is injured we feel pain. So we try to avoid injury as much as we can. Usually it takes a painful lesson to teach us to avoid injury. The following was a particularly painful one.

I, like any young child, love to run around as quickly as I can. It is fun. However, there is danger of falling down which can result in painful injuries.

One day while playing "catching" with some friends I happened to run down a hill. I found that running down a hill was easy and I could go very fast. At the spur of the moment I decided to see how fast I could go. So I ran with all my might.

Alas, I ran too fast for my legs to keep up. One moment I was running, the next I fell sprawling onto the tarmac road. The shock was horrible as I scraped along the hard surface of the road.

The pain was intense as I lay on the road writhing. My hands, legs and face were bleeding from the many parts where my skin had been scraped off. When my friends came to help me they were horrified to see me in such a bloody mess.

Anyhow they summoned help and I was taken to the hospital. There they cleaned and dressed my wounds. All the time I felt as though I was on fire.

I suffered for two weeks thereafter every time they changed the bandages. It was terrible.

I learned my lesson. It is foolish to run down a hill.

2.5. Jenis teks ______________________________________________________Tujuan ________________________________________________________

2.6. Jenis teks ______________________________________________________Tujuan ________________________________________________________

A rocket looks like a long tube. Most rockets have fins on the back end to help them fly straight.

Rockets that carry fireworks can be short, only a few inches long. They are usually made of cardboard.

Rockets that go into space are huge. They are made mostly of metal.Rockets burn fuel. Many different chemicals can be used as rocket fuel. The burning

fuel makes hot gases. The gases blow out of the bottom end of the rocket. The hot gases shooting downward make the rocket go upward.

People use rockets to carry things through air and space. Different kinds of rockets carry different things.

STRUKTUR KEBAHASAAN DAN PEMAHAMAN TEKS

Kita mungkin sudah sangat mengenal klasifikasi kata menjadi golongan kata benda, kata kerja, kata keterangan, dan sebagainya. Akan tetapi, kata yang berdiri sendiri seringkali tidak membawa arti apapun. Namun bila kata tersebut digabungkan dengan kata-kata lain sehingga membentuk unit yang lebih besar, barulah kelompok kata tersebut memiliki arti sehingga dapat digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu. Dalam bahasa Inggris, unit dasar kelompok kata yang memiliki arti disebut dengan ’clause’. Bagan berikut ini menunjukkan posisi ’clause’ dalam sebuah wacana:

TEXT

PARAGRAPH

SENTENCE

CLAUSE

TEX

Sari is a mining engineer. She works at an iron mine in West Kalimantan. She takes rock samples from various sites and tests them in a laboratory. The job is

Tchallenging but Sari enjoys working in the great outdoors.

TEXT

sentence 1 clause Sari is a mining engineer.

sentence 2 clause She works at an iron mine in West Kalimantan.

sentence 3 clause She takes rock samples from various sites

clause and tests them in a laboratory.

sentence 4 clause The job is challenging

clause but Sari enjoys working in the great outdoors.

Kelompok kata dapat diperluas sehingga informasi yang ada dalam kelompok kata tersebut bertambah. Contohnya:

Naming ‘who’ or ‘what’ Naming the ‘action’ Naming ‘where’

The frog jumped into the pond.

That green spotted tree frog jumped quickly into the dirty pond.

Latihan 3

Perluas kelompok kata dalam kalimat di bawah ini.

a. The lion tells the sheep to enter the cave.

b. Jack found the bird.

Latihan 4

Berilah label pada setiap kelompok kata dalam kalimat di bawah ini dengan ‘who’, ‘what’, the ‘action’ and ‘where’, ‘when’ or ‘how’.

Contoh:

Gold was discovered in Ballarat in 1815.what the action where when

a. When the tower was completed in 1889, it was the world's tallest tower.b. Roaring angrily, and calling the Sheep a fool, he pounced on her and bit

her head off.

c. Traditional Indian music can be heard softly from the room speakers.

BAHASA SEBAGAI REPRESENTASI PENGALAMAN (EXPERIENTIAL MEANING)

Karena pengalaman hidup manusia bermacam-macam, maka kelompok kata kerja dapat menunjukkan arti yang berbeda-beda. Perhatikan bagan berikut ini:

Kinds of verbs Examples Notes

Action verbs Fasten your belt.I ran too fast.More than 200,000,000 people have visited the tower.We will fly to Bandung on Tuesday.The frog was croaking loudly.

Kata kerja ini menunjukkan tindakan yang melibatkan orang atau benda dan mengungkapkan suatu kejadian.

Saying verbs Miko announced his engagement.The robbery was reported to the police.The manual doesn’t tell me anything.

Kata kerja ini mengungkapkan apa yang ‘dikatakan’ oleh seseorang/sesuatu

Mental and emotion verbs

I love to run around as quickly as I can.The little turtle felt tired and lonely.“I’m safe here,” thought the boy.I want a cup of tea.

Kata kerja jenis ini mengungkapkan perasaan, pemikiran dan pemahaman.

Relating verbs Gloria is the loudest girl in class.The tower has an interesting structure.The process seems complicated.The wall of the eye consists of three layers.

Mendeskripsikan, menggolongkan, mendefinisikan, menunjukkan hubungan antara dua hal.

Latihan 5

Sebutkan jenis kelompok kata kerja dalam teks berikut.

Dear Mum and Dad,

We arrived in Bunaken on Sunday and are staying in a small hotel next to the marina. It has a great pool and lovely tropical gardens. Yesterday, we snorkeled near the outer reef. I took some photos of the fish with my underwater camera. Tropical fish are amazing. Some are rainbow coloured and others have fluorescent stripes. Then I noticed two reef sharks near the pontoon and called the diving instructor. She said that they were harmless, but I still felt scared. I loathe sharks!

Love,

Dinar.

Selain memahami jenis kelompok kata kerja, kita perlu juga memahami pelaku (participant) dari suatu ‘event’. Hal ini disebabkan karena kita dapat memahami suatu teks jika kita mengetahui siapa yang melakukan apa kepada siapa/apa. Perhatikan bagan berikut ini:

Clauses with action verbsThe spiderdoer

caughtaction verb

the tiny green fly.done to

The sheddone to

was flattened action verb

by strong winds.doer

Clauses with saying verbsThe treasurerSayer

promisedsaying verb

an end to inflation.what is said

The instructionswhat is said

were clearly explainedsaying verb

to the children.receiver

Clauses with sensing verbsThe childrenSenser

heardmental and emotion verb

a strange noise.what is sensed

The thunder and lightningwhat is sensed

scaredmental and emotion verb

the dog.senser

Clauses with relating verbsDolphinsEntity

haverelating verb

a powerful snout.description

Helen Keller was a famous author and lecturer.

Entity relating verb description

Saat kita membicarakan kejadian/event yang berbeda, kadang kita perlu merinci tentang tempat, waktu, cara, dengan siapa, dan lain-lain. Hal-hal ini termuat dalam klausa kata keterangan (adverbial clause). Perhatikan contoh berikut ini.

Meaning Example

Place Where?

Spoon the mixture into the muffin tray.

Time When?

Last weekend, we built a tree house.

Extent How far? How long? How often?

She jogged for eight kilometers.We had been driving for three hours.I practice the piano every day.

Manner How?

By what means?

We traveled to Cirebon by bus.Close the door quietly.Cut the cake with a knife.

Cause Why? The park is closed due to extreme fire danger.

Those fish will die as a result of lead poisoning.Accompaniment

With whom? Play this game with three other people.The children went to the movie with their parents.

Contingency Under what conditions? Despite what?

Use the exit in the event of an emergency.

We had fun, despite the strong winds.Role

What as? He came as a clown.Angle

According to whom? According to expert, the water level has fallen.Matter

What about? I’m worried about the storm.He questioned the boy about the robbery.

Latihan 6.

Bacalah teks berikut ini dan analisa masing-masing kalimat sesuai dengan informasi yang tercantum dalam klausa adverbial kalimat tersebut.

The Eiffel Tower is an iron tower built on the Champ de Mars beside the Seine River in Paris. The tower has become a global icon of France and is one of the most recognizable structures in the world.

Named after its designer, engineer Gustave Eiffel, the Eiffel Tower is the tallest building in Paris. More than 200,000,000 people have visited the tower since its construction in 1889, including 6,719,200 in 2006, making it the most visited paid monument in the world. Including the 24 m (79 ft) antenna, the structure is 325 m (1,063 ft) high (since 2000), which is equivalent to about 81 levels in a conventional building.

When the tower was completed in 1889 it was the world's tallest tower — a title it retained until 1930 when New York City's Chrysler Building (319 m — 1,047 ft tall) was completed. The tower is now the fifth-tallest structure in France and the tallest structure in Paris, with the second-tallest being the Tour Montparnasse (210 m — 689 ft), although that will soon be surpassed by Tour AXA (225.11 m — 738.36 ft).

Contoh

The Eiffel Tower is an iron tower built on the Champ de Mars beside the Seine River in Paris . what action V where where

where

Latihan 7

Make as many questions as possible for each sentence. Compare your list with your friends.

Latihan 8

Jawablah pertanyaan berikut. Jawaban dapat ditemukan pada teks dalam latihan 6.

Which of the following statements is/are NOT TRUE according to the text? A. The Eiffel Tower has an antenna. B. The Eiffel Tower is made of iron. C. The Eiffel Tower is higher than Tour AXA. D. The Eiffel Tower was designed by Gustave Eiffel. E. The Eiffel Tower’s entrance ticket is free of charge.

F. The Eiffel Tower is the highest building in France. G. The Eiffel Tower is still the highest building in the world today.

H. The Eiffel Tower is now not higher than New York City's Chrysler Building.

KETRAMPILAN MEMBACA

Selain pengetahuan tentang jenis-jenis teks dan unsur-unsur grammaticalnya, kemampuan untuk menerapkan strategi membaca juga harus dimiliki agar kita memahami arti dari suatu teks. Adapun sub-sub keterampilan membaca adalah scanning, skimming dan reading for detail.

Scanning adalah keterampilan untuk mencari informasi tertentu dalam suatu teks bacaan. Kadang kita tidak perlu membaca seluruh kalimat secara detil untuk menemukan informasi yang kita perlukan. Misalnya, saat kita mencari nomor telepon seseorang di buku panduan telepon, biasanya yang kita lakukan adalah mencari bagian yang berisi huruf pertama dari nama orang tersebut lalu mata kita akan secara cepat menelusuri nama-nama yang ada di halaman itu sampai kita menemukan nama orang yang kita cari.

Skimming adalah membaca suatu teks secara cepat untuk dapat menemukan gambaran umum (main idea) dari teks bacaan tersebut. Ketika kita membaca koran misalnya, ada sebuah judul yang menarik perhatian kita: Did We Really Land on The Moon? Jika kita kemudian membaca teks tersebut dengan cepat lalu mengetahui bahwa ada pihak-pihak yang meragukan kebenaran pendaratan manusia di bulan maka kita telah melakukan skimming. Pada tahap ini, alasan detil mengapa pihak-pihak tersebut meragukan kebenaran itu tidak dicermati.

Sub keterampilan membaca yang ketiga adalah reading for detail. Tujuan membaca adalah untuk mencari detil dari suatu topik. Melanjutkan contoh sebelumnya, jika kemudian kita tertarik untuk mengetahui alasan mengapa pihak-pihak tertentu meragukan bahwa manusia benar-benar pernah mendarat di bulan, maka kita akam membaca teks tersebut dengan cukup waktu untuk mencari tahu tentang alasan tersebut. Contoh lain, jika kita membaca proposal kegiatan, tentunya kita perlu mengetahui beberapa hal tentang kegiatan tersebut, misalnya tujuan, jenis dan rancangan kegiatan, alokasi dana, dan waktu pelaksanaan.

Adapun jenis-jenis pertanyaan yang biasanya diajukan dalam menguji kemampuan pemahaman bacaan (reading comprehension) adalah sebagai berikut:

1. A. Untuk menanyakan tentang gambaran umum suatu teks, pertanyaan-pertanyaannya adalah:

a. What is the topic of the passage?b. What is the subject of the passage?c. The passage is about ….d. What is the best title for the text?e. What is the text about?f. What does the text tell you about?

B. Untuk menanyakan tentang pikiran utama suatu teks, pertanyaan-pertanyaannya adalah:

a. What is the main idea of the text?b. What is the writer’s main point in the passage?

Jawaban atas pertanyaan semacam ini biasanya bisa ditemukan pada kalimat-kalimat awal dari masing-masing paragraph.

2. Untuk menanyakan tentang informasi rinci tersurat jenis-jenis pertanyaannya adalah:

a. According to the passage ….b. It is stated in the passage ….c. The passage indicates that …..d. The author mentions that ….e. Which of the following is true?

Cara menjawabnya bisa dengan memilih kata-kata kunci yang ada dalam pertanyaan, lalu carilah lokasi kata-kata tersebut di dalam bacaan. Setelah ditemukan, bacalah dengan seksama bagian tersebut.

3. Untuk menanyakan tentang informasi tersirat, jenis-jenis pertanyaannya misalnya:

a. From the text, we can learn that….b. From the text, we may conclude that….

Adapun cara untuk menjawabnya bisa dengan membaca setiap pilihan jawaban dengan teliti lalu di ‘cross-check’ dengan informasi sejenis yang ada di dalam bacaan.

4. Jenis-jenis pertanyaan untuk menanyakan tentang informasi tertentu (scanning) adalah:

a. What ….?b. When ….?c. Where ….?d. How many/much ….?, dst.

Jawaban atas pertanyaan semacam ini bisa ditemukan dengan membaca setiap pilihan jawaban dengan teliti lalu di ‘cross-check’ dengan informasi sejenis yang ada di dalam bacaan.

5. Pertanyaan tentang makna kata sesuai konteks:

a. The underlined word is closest in meaning to ….b. What is the meaning of ‘…’ ? c. What is the synonym of ….? d. What is the antonym of ….?

Bacalah kalimat yang mengandung kata tersebut dan hubungkan dengan kalimat sebelum atau sesudahnya untuk memperkirakan arti dari kata tersebut.

6. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan lain, misalnya tentang rujukan kata atau tujuan penulis.

a. Pronoun ‘they’ in line … refers to ….b. What is the writer’s purpose in this passage?

Untuk pertanyaan a, bacalah kalimat sebelum kata sandang tersebut. Sedangkan untuk pertanyaan b, carilah petunjuk-petunjuk yang tepat lalu buat kesimpulan yang dapat mengarah pada jawaban yang benar.

B. WritingDalam Ujian Nasional Bahasa Inggris 2008 terdapat beberapa butir soal untuk mengukur keterampilan menulis siswa. Soal-soal tersebut mengharuskan siswa untuk menyusun kata/kalimat acak menjadi kalimat/paragraf yang padu dan melengkapi teks rumpang. Teks yang digunakan adalah teks tulis fungsional pendek dan esai berbentuk descriptive, report, narrative, recount, dan procedure. Untuk menyusun kata-kata agar membentuk kalimat yang padu biasanya menggunakan teks fungsional pendek; sedangkan untuk soal yang

menyusun kalimat menjadi paragraf yang padu dan melengkapi teks rumpang memakai esai. Berikut contoh-contoh soal tersebut.

1. Melengkapi Teks Rumpang

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word. Mark the letter of your choice.

My cousin has a 5-acre-durian orchard about five kilometers from town. I visited him once during a fruit season. I reached the orchard at about 9 o'clock in the morning after having cycled all the way from my house. My cousin was waiting for me in his … (1) little wooden house in the middle of the orchard.

I was talking to my cousin when … (2) a loud crash sounded from a distance. I was startled. However my cousin said that it was only a ripe durian dropping from a tree. Then I followed him to where the sound came … (3). To my delight I found the fruit among the undergrowth. I picked it up and carried it back to the house.

So I spent the morning picking up fallen durians and eating the delicious flesh inside them. It was a great time for me.

1. A. hugeB. modestC. expensiveD. luxurious

2. A. happily B. carefullyC. suddenlyD. gradually

3. A. upB. inC. outD. from

Untuk menjawab soal jenis ini, pahamilah bacaan tersebut terutama kalimat dimana soal itu ditemukan, lalu carilah petunjuk-petunjuk dalam bacaan itu.

Untuk soal nomor satu, perhatikan kalimat ini ’ My cousin was waiting for me in his … (1) little wooden house in the middle of the orchard’. Karena ada kata ‘little’ dan ‘wooden’, pilihan A, C dan D menjadi tidak tepat. Maka jawaban yang tepat untuk soal tersebut adalah B.

Untuk soal nomor dua, cermatilah kalimat ini, ’I was talking to my cousin when … (2) a loud crash sounded from a distance’. Makna dari kalimat ini adalah, ‘Ketika saya sedang bicara dengan sepupu saya, … terdengar suara berdebum kencang’. Dengan demikian, kata yang paling tepat untuk melengkapi kalimat tersebut adalah C (’suddenly’).

Soal nomor tiga adalah tentang pemilihan ’preposition’ yang tepat. Perhatikan kalimat ini, ’Then I followed him to where the sound came … (3).’ Makna dari kalimat ini adalah, ‘Lalu saya mengikutinya menuju arah dari mana suara itu berasal’. Maka preposisi yang tepat adalah ’from’ (pilihan D).

2. Menyusun Kalimat Menjadi Paragraf Padu.

1. Life was good for Rattlesnake and Lizard, except Mountain Lion was always teasing them.

2. They dug a tunnel so the water could come from the lake that they found.

3. Back in the Before Time there was Rattlesnake, Lizard, and Mountain Lion who lived in a hot, bare desert. It was mostly hot.

4. They thought it was a good idea to build a canyon because Mountain Lion didn't like to climb (even if he was a Mountain Lion).

5. And that is how the Grand Canyon was formed and named.

6. They also thought it would be good to have a river in the bottom, because Mountain Lion didn't like to go in the water either.

7. So finally, they got everybody together and started to build the canyon.

8. One day Rattlesnake, Lizard and the other Animals had enough of Mountain Lion.

9. They called it the Grand Canyon, because it is a canyon and they called it Grand, because it kept Mountain Lion away.

Which one is the best arrangement of the sentences above?A. 3 – 1 – 7 – 2 – 8 – 4 – 6 -9 – 5 B. 3 – 1 – 8 – 4 – 6 – 7 – 2 – 9 – 5 C. 8 – 4 – 6 – 7 – 2 – 1 – 3 – 9 – 5D. 8 – 3 – 6 – 7 – 1 – 3 – 4 – 9 - 5

Teks tersebut adalah sebuah contoh teks ’narrative’. Biasanya, sebuah kisah diawali dengan ekspresi ‘Once upon a time’, ‘One day’, ‘In the past’ dan memuat setting cerita tersebut. Maka carilah kalimat yang mengandung ekspresi

tersebut. Kalimat nomor tiga dan delapan memuat ekspresi tersebut. Akan tetapi, kalimat nomor 8 bukanlah setting cerita ini. Maka hanya kalimat nomor 3 yang dapat dijadikan awal cerita ini. Pilihan jawaban yang dimulai dengan kalimat nomor 3 adalah pilihan A dan B. Cermati dua pilihan ini dengan menilai apakah ada hubungan antar ide dalam kalimat. Perhatikan pronoun ’they’ yang seharusnya muncul setelah kata yang digantikannya. Pilihan A tidak tepat karena hubungan antar ide tidak padu. Jawaban yang benar adalah B.

1. Menyusun Kata-kata Menjadi Kalimat yang Padu

For the following question choose the best arrangement of the words to make correct sentences.

off – show – communication – all – Turn – devices – the - during 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

A. 8 – 7 – 2 – 5 – 1 – 3 – 6 - 4B. 8 – 7 – 4 – 2 – 3 – 6 – 5 - 1C. 5 – 1 – 3 – 6 – 8 – 4 – 7 – 2 D. 5 – 1 – 4 – 3 – 6 – 8 – 7 – 2

Untuk menjawab soal semacam ini, carilah kata-kata kuncinya terlebih dahulu. Soal ini memiliki kata kunci ‘turn’, ‘off’, ‘communication’, ‘devices’, ‘during’, dan ‘show’. Lalu buatlah perkiraan tentang hubungan antara kata-kata tersebut. Kira-kira, makna yang diinginkan adalah ‘matikan alat komunikasi saat pertunjukan berlangsung’. Urutkan masing-masing pilihan jawaban sehingga ditemukan rangkaian kata yang membentuk kalimat yang baik yang mengandung arti di atas. Jawaban untuk soal ini adalah pilihan D.

Berikut ini contoh-contoh soal berdasarkan kisi-kisi Ujian Nasional 2008/2009.

1. What does the text mean?a. We should stay away from the place.b. High voltage is in danger.c. The voltage is high.d. High voltage can be dangerous.

2. Where do we usually find the warning?a. Under a big building.b. Under a big electricity tower.c. Under the roof of a house.

DANGERHIGH VOLTAGE

d. Inside everybody’s house.

3. What does the text mean?a. We must pick the pockets.b. Pickpockets may be around.c. We must have pockets.d. Pickpockets are aware.

4. The caution can be found in the following places, EXCEPT…a. In public transportation.b. In traditional markets.c. In public hospitals.d. In the school yards.

5. Who will probably receive the greeting card? Someone who….

a. is in the hospitalb. lives in the worldc. has done a great jobd. is wonderful

6. This greeting card may be sent by the followings, EXCEPT….a. a close friendb. a charity organizationc. a family doctor d. a classroom teacher

BEWARE OF PICKPOCKETS

IF EVERYONE WERE A LITTLE MORE LIKE YOU,

WHAT A WONDERFUL WORLD THIS WOULD BE.

7. Where do we usually find this message? a. On a computer.b. On a cellular phone.c. On a notice board.d. On a billboard.

8. Why does the sender use “as many as possible”?a. To train “UNGU”b. To introduce “UNGU”c. To support “UNGU”.d. To invite “UNGU”.

9. When does Susi expect Rina to come?

a. In the morning.b. At noon.c. In the evening.d. At night.

10. Why does Susi have a house warming party?

Type “UNGU” and send it to 9999 as many as possible.

Dear Rina,

I want you to come to my house for lunch on Sunday at 12 A.M. for a house warming party.

Thanks.Susi

a. Because her house is warm.b. Because she has lunch.c. Because she just moved.d. Because she will move.

11. Which one is NOT included in the ticket price?a. Soft drink.b. Main course.c. Snack.d. Beer.

12. We should … Fahmida to get more information.a. seeb. callc. come tod. explain to

13. Who can join the party?a. Children and parents.b. Children and teens.c. Teenagers and parents.d. Teens and grown-ups.

Recognized as the largest amusement park in Jakarta, Taman Impian Jaya Ancol or Ancol Dreamland provides all classes and kinds of entertainment. Ancol is especially designed for family recreation. This place, located at Jalan Lodan Timur 7 in North Jakarta, houses a water park, theme park (Dunia Fantasi or Fantasy Land), an art market, oceanarium, and Sea World.

The park was built on reclaimed land. The beach close to the park is not recommended for swimming, but is a good place to stroll and relax. Stalls along the beach serve drinks and snacks while shelters are available for sunbathers to take a break from the sun.

Come and celebrate the Valentine’s Day on Saturday, February 14, 2009 at 7 P.M. Adults and teenagers Rp 100,000/person. Buffet, snack, and soft drink included in the price. Please contact Fahmida at 08127155527 for further information. Email: reservation@arizarestaurant.com

www.ariza-restaurant.com

Ancol is also a gateway for island trips to Kepulauan Seribu (Thousand Islands). Hundreds of private boats moor every day at the Marina. The Marina is a good spot for marine recreation and sports with lots of facilities, such as paddle boats, canoes, sailing boats, and fishing gear.

14. What is the text about?a. Jakarta.b. Taman Impian Jaya Ancol.c. Kepulauan Seribu.d. The Marina.

15. What does the word “houses” in “ … houses a water park … “ mean?a. offersb. buildsc. sellsd. serves

16. Sunbathers stop sunbathing for a while at …a. the parksb. the stallsc. the sheltersd. an art market

17. What is the last paragraph about? a. The Marina, Ancol.b. The Marina, Kepulauan Seribu.c. Kepulauan Seribu, Ancol.d. Ancol, Jakarta.

Late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of the field. As soon as this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire. They were all hungry and the food smelt good. After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the camp fire. But some time later it began to rain. The boys felt tired so they put out the fire and crept into their tent. Their sleeping bags were warm and comfortable, so they all slept soundly. In the middle of the night, the boys woke up and began shouting. The tent was full of water! They all leapt out of their sleeping bags and hurried outside. It was raining heavily, and they found that a stream had formed in the field. The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent.

18. The boys were having …a. a tentb. sleeping bagsc. a camping tripd. a camp fire

19. What happened while the boys were sleeping?a. The camp fire was put out.b. The camp was on fire.c. The camp was comfortable.d. The camp was wet.

20. The word “this” in “As soon as this was …” refers to …a. the tentb. putting up the tentc. the fieldd. the meal

21. The word “wound” in “The stream wound …” is close in meaning to …a. divertedb. hurtc. harmedd. flooded

Lemonade is a sweetened beverage made from lemons, sugar, and water. It is popular in the United States during the spring and summer, when it is generally served chilled, with ice.

In some countries, the word 'lemonade' is also used to describe any clear carbonated drink; in others, it means any fruit-flavored soda.

Ingredients 6 medium Lemons, should yield 1 cup of juice 3 1/2 cups Water 3/4 cup Sugar (can be adjusted by +/- 1/4 cup to taste)

Procedure1. Juice the lemons on a citrus reamer, rolling the lemons on the counter with moderate

pressure prior to juicing will result in more juice from each lemon. Try to keep out the seeds. If you prefer lemonade with no pulp, strain the juice to remove it.

2. Dissolve the sugar in the water. Heat may be helpful if using a large amount of sugar. 3. Combine the juice and sugar water in a pitcher. Stir well. 4. Chill or serve over ice cubes.

22. What might be the best title for the text?a. How to prepare lemonade.

b. How to prepare lemon soda.c. How to prepare lemon flavored soda.d. How to prepare sugared lemon.

23. The word “Chill” is close in meaning to …a. serveb. combinec. heatd. cool

24. According to the text, filtering the juice will result in …a. the juice without seeds.b. the juice without pulp.c. the juice without sugar.d. the juice without water.

The Lion and the Mouse

Once, when a lion was asleep, a little mouse began running up and down upon him, this soon awakened the lion, who placed his huge paw upon him, opened his big jaws to swallow him. “Pardon, O king,” cried the little mouse. “Forgive me this time, I shall never forget it; who knows I can be of any help for you someday. The lion was so tickled at the idea of the mouse being able to help him, that he lifted up his paw and let him go. Some time after, the lion was caught in a trap and the hunters, who desired to carry him alive to the king, tied him to a tree while they went in search of a wagon to carry him on. Just then the little mouse happened to pass by and see the sad plight where the lion was. He went up to the lion and soon gnawed away the ropes that bound the king of the beasts. ”Wasn’t I right?” said the little mouse.

25. The text is mainly about … …a. the lion who caught the little mouse.b. the little mouse who repaid the lion’s kindness.c. the lion who was trapped.d. the little mouse who ran up and down.

26. What does the word “this” in “this soon awakened the lion ……” mean?a. The mouse’s running up and down upon the lion.b. The lion’s being asleep.c. The lion’s placing his paw upon the mouse.d. The mouse’s crying for a help.

27. “let him go” (Paragraph 2) means … …a. released

b. keptc. trappedd. carried

28. Why did the hunters catch the lion?a. To kill him for the king.b. To offer him alive to the king.c. To get his skin for the king.d. To get his huge jaw for the king.

29. We might find the above label on the followings, EXCEPT …a. milk cansb. tablet bottlesc. food cansd. cheese wraps

30. The label is intended to avoid the product …a. getting decayedb. becoming blackc. becoming expiredd. getting fresh

Orchid is one of the most beautiful flowers on earth. Its trunk is thick and budding. The leaves are long, stiff, and thick.

The color of this plant can be made different by using crossing methods. It can be white, purple, yellow, or others. People like to use orchids as a decorative plant.

Orchid lives on a tree. It can only produce flowers, not fruit. It usually lives and grows well in cool places such as highlands.

The interesting fact of orchid is that it grows on the tree, but it is not a parasite.

31. What makes orchid a favorite flower?

Keep refrigerated after opening

a. It is expensive.b. It is thick and budding.c. It is long and stiff.d. It is rich in colors.

32. What is Paragraph 2 about?a. How to plant beautiful orchid.b. How to produce colorful orchid.c. How to make orchid various colored.d. How to decorate beautiful orchid.

33. The word “trunk” in “Its trunk is thick …” refers to …a. the lowest part of a treeb. the reproductive part of a treec. the stem of a treed. the food factory of a tree

34. Tina sent the letter to … her Auntie Ami.

a. complimentb. admirec. remindd. thank

35. The necklace … the dress she was planning to wear.a. complimentsb. matchesc. completesd. specializes

36. What information is NOT stated in the letter?a. Tina lives in Surabaya, Jawa Timur.

Riverside 412Surabaya, Jawa Timur

February 28, 2009

Dear Auntie Ami,How nice of you to send me a crystal necklace! I was planning to wear a pink dress to the prom party, and the necklace makes a perfect match.

The party is going to be more special than ever. We’re having dancing competitions and many kinds of elections.

Thank you again for the wonderful gift.

Your one and only niece,Tina

b. Auntie Ami has one child only.c. Auntie Ami sent Tina a wonderful necklace.d. Tina is going to have a special prom party.

Researchers say they have found out that drinking coffee may significantly reduce the risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes.

The investigation was conducted in Finland, which has the highest per capita coffee (37. _________ ) in the world.

Researchers collected data from three surveys involving a total of 6,974 men and 7,655 women aged 35 to 64.

They found that the risk of developing type-2 diabetes (38. _________ ) with increasing amounts of coffee drunk.

Women who drank three to four cups of coffee a day had a 29 percent lower risk of diabetes than those who drank no coffee. If they drank 10 or more cups the risk reduced by 79 percent. For men, drinking three to four cups of coffee was (39. __________ ) with a 27 percent lower diabetes risk, and 10 cups with a 55 percent reduced risk.

37. a. consumptionb. productionc. addictiond. association

38. a. increasedb. decreasedc. improvedd. triggered

39. a. accompaniedb. producedc. associatedd. related

40. rebuilt – have – people – things – many – the – industry – travel – for 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

The correct arrangement of the words to make a sentence is ….

a. 3 – 2 – 5 – 4 – 6 – 9 – 1 – 8 – 7 b. 3 – 2 – 1 – 5 – 4 – 9 – 6 – 8 – 7c. 5 – 4 – 2 – 3 – 1 – 9 – 6 – 8 – 7d. 5 – 4 – 3 – 2 – 1 – 9 – 6 – 8 – 7

41. 1. You will always find sand around them.

2. There are many reasons why people go to the beach.3. They also enjoy the activities which they can do there, such as swimming or sunbathing, parasailing or speedboating.4. People go to the beach because they want to get fun and enjoy the beauty of the sea.5. Although different beaches offer different activities, there is something in common.

a. 4 – 5 – 3 – 1 – 2 b. 4 – 5 – 1 – 2 – 3 c. 2 – 4 – 5 – 1 – 3 d. 2 – 4 – 3 – 5 – 1