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Nama : Ratna Patmasari

Kelas : 1 D4 SPE

NRP : 3210 131 002

BAB II

TUMBUH DAN BERKEMBANGNYA

PARTAI KOMUNIS DI INDONESIA

A. PERIODE SEBELUM A!UN 1"4#

1. Indische Social Democratische Vereniging se$a%ai Embrio dari Partai Komunis di

Indonsia.

Pa&a ta'(n 1"13) men*elan% Peran% D(nia I) see+ran% a,ti-is +liti, /% $er'al(an

Maris $er,e$an%saan Belan&a $ernama !...M Snee-lie$at ti$a DI !in&ia

Belan&a &ari ne%eri Belan&a. Ia se$el(mn/a a&ala' emimin +r%anisasi $(r('

an%,(tan &an an%%+ta Social Democratische Arbeiders Partij SDAP5 &i ne%eri

Belan&a. Sesamain/a &i In&+nesia) m(lam(laia $e,er*a se$a%ai an%%+ta sta66

re&a,si 7arta er&a%an%an Soerabajasche Handelsblad,se$(a' s(rat ,a$ara mmili,

sin&i,at er(sa'aaner(sa'aan %(la &i a7a im(r. Kem(&ian ia $e,er*a se$a%ai

se,retaris a&a Semarangsche Handels Vereniging) men%%anti,an e*a$at lama

D.M.8 K+9'. Pa&a saat it( &i Semaran% tela' ter&aat +r%anisasi $(r(' ,ereta ai.

Vereniging Van Spooren Tramsweg PersoneelSP5.

Di,em(&ian 'ari Snee-liet $er'asil menanam,an en%ar('n/a ,ea&a

++r%anisasi SP terse$(t &an mem$a7a SP ,ea ra' a,ti-itasa,ti-itas /% ra&i,al)

ata( seti&a,ti&a,n/a men*a&i,an SP se$a%ai me&ia en/e$arl(asan Marisme &i

!in&iaBelan&a) antara lain melal(i s(rat ,a$ar SP) De Volharding Ke/a,inan5.

Selan*(tn/a) Snee-liet men%a&a,an ,+nta, &en%an +ran%+ran% Belan&a /% $er'al(an

s+sialis /% a&a &i !in&iaBelan&a) &an a&a ta'(n 1"14 $ersama .A. Branste&er !.;

De,,er) &an P. Ber%sma men&iri,an +r%anisasi Maris /% ertama &i Asia en%%ara)

&en%an se$(tan Indische Social Democratische Vereniging ISD5. Seta'(n

,em(&ian) mere,a menar%et,an ma*ala' Het Vrije Woord S(ara Ke$e$asan5 &i

S(ra$a/a se$a%ai me&ia r+a%an&a Marisme. Selain ma*ala' Het Vrije Woord,

ISD *(%a mener$it,an Soeara Mardikalal( Soeara akjat.

(lisant(lisan /% men/e$arl(as,an Marisme) $ai, melal(i me&ia s(rat

,a$ar ISD ma((n melal(i ,e%iatan,e%iatan lainn/a a&a saat it( $el(m $e%it(

men&aat er'atian &ari emerinta' !in&iaBelan&a ,aerena $el(m meer(a,an

an9aman ter'a&a ,elan%s(n%an emerinta'aann/a. Pemerinta' !in&iaBelan&a

menilai $a'7a t(lisant(lisan terse$(t m(n9(l se$a%ai a,i$at &ari m(lai t(m$('n/a

a*aran Marisme &i Er+a. Di smin% it() ,em(n%,inan ISD &aat memerl(as

en%ar('n/a &i 7ila/a' *a*a'an san%at &ira%(,an men%in%at a&an/a 'am$atan

a%ama) $a'sa) ras) &an s(,( /% $er$e&a$e&a.

!. In"i#trasi Komunis $ da#am Sar$at Is#am% M#a#ui Ta$ti$ Kan&&otaan Ran&$a'.


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Se*a, ,e$an%,itan Nasi+nal 1"0Kean%%+taan Ran%,a?. Den%an s/stem ,ean%%+taan

ran%,a inila') ISD men/e$ar en%ar('n/a ,e&alam +r%anisasi SI. Pa&a ta(n 1"1@

Snee-liet &an ,a7an,a7ann/a tela' mem(n/ai en%ar(' /% ,(at &i,alan%an

an%%+ta SI. Mere,a $er'asil mem$a7a $e$eraa t+,+' m(&a SI men*a&i an%%+ta

ISD) &iantan/a Sema+en /% a&a ta'(n 1"1@ men*a&i sala' se+aran% emimin SI

9a$an% Semaran% &an Dars+n+ se$a%ai se+ran% 7arta7an /% men*a&i an%%+ta SI.

Ke&(an/a &inila(i se$a%ai +ran%+ran% /% $er&e&i,asi &an $eram$isi &i $i&an%

+liti,. Den%an memas((,i ISD se,ali%(s *(%a se$a%ai an%%+ta SI) ,e&(a +ran% ini

men*a&i en/e$ar Marisme &i,alan%an mas/ara,at In&+nesia.

Pa&a ta'(n 1"1@ %+l+n%an ,+m(nis $er'asil mela,sana,an re-+l(si &i

R(sia. Persti7a ini ,em(&ian &iman6aat,an se9ara me,simal +le' Snee-liet /%

&en%an teran%teran%an men/er(,an a%ar en%an(t Marisme &i In&+nesia men%i,(ti

R(sia. Selain men/(s(i SI) ISD s9ara ra'asia *(%a men%a&a,an en/(s(an ,e

sem(a laisan mas/ara,at In&+nesia) termas(, ,eer%era,an ,a(m $(r(') &an

$a',an &i,alan%an tentara Belan&a.

A,ti-is ISD /% *(%a menama,an &irin/a ,a(m mera') memeralat

ser&a&(ser&a&( &an ela(tela(t (nt(, $er&em+nstrasi mela7an P+lisi. Demi,ian

*(%a s(rat ,a$ar ISD mem(at 'as(tan'as(tan) a%ar &i,+$ar,an em$er+nta,an &an

&i,i$ar,an $en&era mera'. ISD men&+r+n% (la t+,+'t+,+' nasi+nalis &an

+r%anisasi) seerti !oedi "etomo, Ins#linde) &an SI (nt(, men(nt(t emerinta'

!in&iaBelan&a men%%anti,an Volksraad&en%an arlemen ra,/at. !al ini mem$(at

emerinta' !in&iaBelan&a ,em(&ian men%am$il tin&a,an te%as &en%an *alan

men%(sir Snee-liet &ari !in&iaBelan&a a&a ta'(n 1"1


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Lenin men%%aris,an $a'7a (nt(, ter9aain/a re-+l(si &(nia 'en&a,n/a

&i&iri,an artai ,+m(nis &i tia Ne%ara. Se$a%ai tan%%aan atas en%%arisan Lenin

terse$(t) &alam ,+n%res ISD IIa&a tan%%al 23 Me(i 1"20 &i ,ant+r SI

Semaran%&i(s(l,an +le' Baars a%ar ISD &i($a' men*a&i Perseri,atan K+m(nis &i

!in&ia Belan&a se$a%ai $a%ian &ari *arin%an K+m(nis Internasi+nal K+mintem5.

Den%an melal(i er&e$atan /an% sen%it &alam K+n%res ISD terse$(t) a,'irn/a

&ia&a,an em(n%(tan s(ara /an% 'asiln/a 33 s(ara set(*() 2 s(ara men+la,) 1s(ara

$lan%,+. Dalam ,+n%res terse$(t &is(s(nla' en%(r(s Perseri,atan K+m(nis &i

!in&ia Belan&a &en%an ,et(a Sema+en) 7a,il ,et(a Dars+n+) Se,retaris P. Ber%sma)

Ben&a'ara !.;. De,,er) &an Ke(r(san Kean%%+taan Baars. Per($a'an ISD

men*a&i Perseri,atan K+m(nis &i !in&ia Belan&a ini &i,+mentari+le' Baars $a'7a

>'an/a &en%an &i9tat+r r+letariat) sat(sat(n/a 9ara (nt(, mem$an%(n

mas/ara,ats+sialis?.

Dalam K+n%res II K+mintem $(lan (liA%(st(s 1"20 &i Petr+%ra& &an

M+s,+7)Snee-liet) /an% setela' &i(sir &ari !in&ia Belan&a &an tin%%al &i =ina

'a&ir se$a%ai 7a,il &ari Perseri,atan K+m(nis &i !in&ia Belan&a &en%an nama

samara Marin%) 7ala((n &i saat it( Perseri,atan K+m(nis &i !in&ia Belan&a $el(m

resmi men*a&i an%%+ta K+mintern. Dalam K+n%res terse$(t Snee-liet alias Marin%

$er(sa'a me/a,in,an K+mintern a%ar Perseri,atan K+m(nis &i !in&ia Belan&a

&iset(*(i teta $e,er*a sama &en%an SI se$a%ai ta,ti, (nt(, memenan%,an ,+m(nis.

Pa&a &asarn/a K+mintern menentan% %era,an Pan$Islamisme ,arena &ian%%a

se$a%ai %era,an $+r*(isnasi+nal /an% menentan% Marisme &i sel(r(' &(nia.

Nam(n) ,+n%res ,em(&ian &aat men/et(*(i Perseri,atan K+m(nis &i !in&ia

Belan&a (nt(, teta $e,er*a sama &en%an SI &an *(%a &en%an i'a, mana(n &alam

setia lin%,(n%an mas/ara,,at se$a%ai ta,ti, (nt(, men9aai t(*(an.

Perset(*(an K+n%res terse$(t &i%(na,an +le' Perseri,atan K+m(nis &i

!in&ia Belan&a (nt(, $e,er*asama &en%an +r%anisasi+r%anisasi lain &an men%i*in,an

an%%+taan%%+ta Perseri,atan K+m(nis &i !in&ia Belan&a(nt(, &(&(, &alam

Volksraad% Nam(n) Ke(t(san K+n%res II K+mintern /an% teta menentan% Pan$

Islamisme, tela' menim$(l,an ,es(litan $a%i Perseri,atan K+m(nis &i !in&ia

Belan&a &alam '($(n%ann/a &en%an SI ,arena ,el+m+, &alam SI men(&(' $a'7a

,e(t(santerse$(t $erarti mem(s('i islam se9ara ,esel(r('an.

Pa&a $(lan Desem$er 1"20 Perseri,atan K+m(nis &i !in&ia Belan&a

&en%an s(ara m(tla, menerima 21 s/arat ,+mintern (nt(, men*a&i an%%+ta /% isin/a)

antara lain se$a%ai $eri,(t :

a. Pen%a,(an se9ara ,+nsisten ter'a&a &i,tat+r r+letariat &en%an

er*(an%an (nt(, men%aman,an &an memerta'an,ann/a.

$. Pem(t(san ,er*asama se9ara men/el(r(' &en%an ,a(m re6+rmis &an

9entris serta en/in%,iran mere,a &ari artai.

9. Mela,sana,an er*(an%an &en%an met+&e ,+m$inasi le%al &an ille%al.

&. Be,err*a se9ara sistematis &i&alam Ne%ara) militer) +r%anisasi $(r('

re6+rmis) &an arlemen $+r*(is.

e. Setia artai an%%+ta ,+mintern a&ala' artai ,+m(nis &an &i$ent(,

atas rinsi sentralisme &em+,rasi.


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6. Sem(a ,e(t(san &ari ,+n%res ,+mintern &an E&ec#ti'e (ommittee o)

(omm#nis International E==I5) /% mer(a,an ,+mite ela,sana

,e(t(san ,+n%res ,+mintern) a&,an men%i,at ter'a&a sem(a artai /%

$era6iliasi &en%an ,+mintern.

%. K+mintern &an E==I *(%a teri,at (nt(, memertim$an%,an a&an/a

er$e&aan ,+n&isi &ari setia artai /% $er$e&a temat $e,er*a &an

$er*(an%n/a &an se9ara (m(m res+l(si /% &ia*(,an men%enai s(at(

masala' 'an/a a,an &iterima aa$ila res+l(si it( mem(n%,in,an.

Pertentan%an &i&alam t($(' SI men9aai (9a,n/a a&a K+n%res Nasi+nal

I SI $(lan O,t+$er 1"21 &i S(ra$a/a. ra,si ,+m(nis (% &iimin +le' Sema+en

&an an Mala,a se+ran% a'li a%etasi r+a%an&a ,+m(nis5 $er(sa'a men%en&ali,an

&an men%(asai *alann/a ,+n%res) tetai (sa'a mere,a ini &itentan% +le' sala' se+ran%

t+,+' SI) /ait( !. A%(s Salim +ran% /% $eran&an%an m+&ern &an em$ela &isilin+r%anisasi5.

!. A%(s Salim men*a7a$ sem(a ar%(ment Sema+en &an an Mala,a

&en%an men%ata,an $a'7a Na$i M('amma& SA; s(&a' men%a*ar,an s+sialisme

se*a, 1200 ta'(n Karl Mar. Selain it() ia men%a*(,an res+l(si ,ea&a ,+n%res (nt(,

melaran setia an%%+ta SI men*a&i an%%+ta artai lain) &an s(a/a ,a(m ,+m(nis /%

men*a&i an%%+ta SI men%(n&(r,an &iri. Se*a, it( m(n9(la' se$(tan SI mera' $a%i

an%%+taan%%+ta SI /% $eraliran Maris &an SI (ti' $eran%%+ta SI /% menentan%

Marisme. Inila' (nt(, ertama ,alin/a ,e,(atan Islam menentan% ,+m(nisme

m(n9(l se9ara ter$(,a &i In&+nesia. Dalam lan%,a' selan*(tn/a %+l+n%an ,+m(nis

&alam SI selal( mem$a/an%i sain%ann/a. an Mala,a men/e$(t eristi7a it( se$a%ai

s(at( >Krisis Besar &alam ($(' SI /% men%(nt(n%,an K+m(nis?. Kea&a

,+mintern ta'(n 1"23 an Mala,a mela+r,an $a'7a erseri,atan ,+m(nis &i !in&ia

Belan&a tela' men%(asai le$' &ari 20 se,si &alam SI &an &in/ata,an $a'7a &ari

100.000 an%%+ta SI) 30.000 &iantaran/a a&ala' an%%+ta ,+m(nis a,ti6. Pere9a'an

&i&alam t($(' SI ini tama,n/a s(&a' ti&a, &aat &ier$ai,i la%i. Ba'a,an) a&a

$(lan Maret 1"23) &alam K+n%%res II &alam erseri,atan ,+m(nis &i !in&ia Belan&a&i(t(s,an (nt(, $ersain% mela7an SI se$a%ai +r%anisasi +liti, /% 'al(ann/a

$er$e&a. Se$a%ai ,+nse,(ensin/a SI mera' men%($a' naman/a men*a&i Sare,at

Ra,/at &an men/ata,an &irin/a se$a%ai s(at( +r%anisasi ra&i,al nasi+nalis $ar(.

Selain it() *(%a &ian&an% erl( (nt(, mele$ar,an a,ti-itasn/a samai ,el(ar a7a

&en%an mem$(,a 9a$an% &i Pa&an% &an Ma,asar.

Pert(m$('an &an a,ti-itas erseri,atan ,+m(nis &i !in&ia Belan&a /%

sema,in ra&i,al &alam men*alan,an %aris artai &ari M+s,+7 sema,in menari,

er'atian emerinta' !in&ia Belan&a. Pemerinta' !in&ia Belan&a 9(,( 7asa&a

a,an $esarn/a massa &i$a7a' ,eemiminan &an en%ar(' erseri,atan ,+m(nis &i

!in&ia Belan&a ini &en%an m(lai men%am$il tin&a,antin&a,an (nt(, memisa',an

ara emimin &ari massan/a) &en%an 9ara men%(sir ara emiinn/a &ari !in&ia

Belan&a. an Mala,a se$a%ai t+,+' erseri,atan ,+m(nis &i !in&ia Belan&a &i(sir

ta'(n 1"22) Sema+en serta Dars+n+ $ersamasama ,a(m ra&i,al Belan&a lainn/a

&i(sir ta'(n 1"23. +,+'t+,+' ,+m(nis !in&ia Belan&a terse$(t terse$ar &i Asia &an


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Er+a se$a%ai a%en ,+mintern ata( erseri,atan ,+m(nis &i !in&ia Belan&a ata( a%en

,e&(a&(an/a. Nam(n Sema+en &an Dars+n+ mas(, ,em$ali ,e In&+nsia a&a ta'(n

it( *(%a.

Den%an a&n/a en%(siran t+,+'t+,+' iminan erseri,atan ,+m(nis &i

!in&ia Belan&a terse$(t) ma,a ter*a&ila' ,emr+s+tan ,eemiminan ,arena

,(ran%n/a tena%atena%a inti /% &aat menanm,an i&e+l+%i artai &an &isilin)

se'in%%a $era,i$at tim$(ln/a tin&a,an sen&irisen&iri $er(a a,sia,si terr+r tana

a&an/a instr(,si &ari iminan. Perseri,atan ,+m(nis &i !in&ia Belan&a m(lai

mela,(,an ,+nsli&asi ,em$ali setela' Dars+n+ mas(, ,em$ali ,e In&+nesia ta'(n

1"23. =a$an%9a$an% erseri,atan ,+m(nis &i !in&ia Belan&a $ertam$a' l(as &an

&a $(lan (ni 1"24 erseri,atan ,+m(nis &i !in&ia Belan&a men%a&a, ,+n%res &i

!in&ia Belan&a &en%an memer%(n,an nama Partai K+m(nis In&+nesia PKI5 (nt(,

ertama ,alin/a.Setela' it() PKI $er'asil t(m$(' men*a&i artai +liti, /% memili,i massa

en%i,(t /% sema,in $esar. Mes,i(n &emi,ian) PKI $el(m &aat mela,(,an ,+ntr+l

&an menanam,an &isilin serta i&e+l+%i a&a masa en%i,(tn/a.

in&a,antin&a,an ,eras emerinta' ,+l+nial ter'a&a a,sia,si Sare,at

Ra,/at men/e$a$,an K+n%res PKI a&a $(lan Desem$er 1"24 &i K+ta 8e&e)

+%/a,arta men%am$il ,e(t(san (nt(, mele$(r Sare,at Ra,/at ,e&alam PKI.

4. Pr&o#a$an Ra$*at Ta,un1-!/1-!0

Setela' PKI merasa $a'7a en%ar('n/a &i &alam t($(' SI 9(,( $esar)

ma,a PKI m(lai meman6aat,an en%ar('n/a (nt(, men%%era,,an massa ra,/at)

&en%an men%%(na,an $en&era SI (nt(, mela,(,an er%+la,an 6isi, mela7an

emerinta' !in&ia Belan&a. !al ini /an% meman% mer(a,an sala' sat( t(*(an

er*(an%an SI (nt(, men%(sir en*a*a' Belan&a) se&an%,an t(*(an er*(an%an PKI

a&ala' me7(*(&,an mas/ara,at ,+m(nis &i In&+nesia. Ua/a PKI terse$(t $er'asil

men9et(s,an er%+la,an ra,/at &i $e$eraa temat) /a,ni tan%%al 1214 N+- 1"2C &i

Karisi&enan a,arta) 12 N+-0# Des 1"2C &i Banten) 121< N+- &i Prian%an) 1@23

N+- 1"2C &i S(ra,arta) 12 N+-1# Des &i Ke&iri) 1 ana,'ir e$ 1"2@ &iSil(n%,an%) S(matera Barat.

Per%+la,an ra,/at ini sem(an/a &aat &iatasi +le' Pemerinta'an !in&ia

Belan&a. Ban/a, t+,+' ,+m(nis &an nasi+nalis &itan%,a &an &i en*ara,an) $a',an

a&a /an% &i $(an% ,e Di%(l ana' Mera') Irian a/a) nam(n t+,+' ,+m(nis Alimin

&an M(s+ $er'asil melari,an &iri ,el(ar ne%eri.

Pa&a ta'(n 1"3#) K+mintern men%irim ,em$ali se+ran% t+,+' ,+m(nis ,e

!in&ia Belan&a) /a,ni M(s+. Den%an $ant(an D*+,+ S(&*+n+) Pam(&*i) &an A9'ma&

S(ma&i) ia mela,(,an ,e%iatan $a7a' tana') nam(n r(ar(an/a ,e%iatan terse$(t

ti&a, men%'asil,an ses(at(. M(s+ sen&iri &i ta'(n 1"3C melari,an &iri la%i ,e l(ar

ne%eri &en%an alas an merasa ti&a, aman &i In&+nesia.


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S#mber * +erakan - September Pemberontakan P.I /.ementerian I 01123

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