pan, lan, man,wan, gan
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PAN, LAN, MAN,WAN, GAN. Pengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi 2009. Week 6. Tujuan Modul. Peserta kuliah memahami mengenai jenis-jenis jaringan komputer : personal sampai dunia Peserta kuliah memahami teknologi jaringan : Wireless secara singkat Ethernet secara lebih fokus - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
PAN, LAN, MAN,WAN, GANPAN, LAN, MAN,WAN, GAN
Pengantar Sistem TelekomunikasiPengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi
20092009
Week 6
Tujuan ModulTujuan Modul
Peserta kuliah memahami mengenai jenis-jenis Peserta kuliah memahami mengenai jenis-jenis jaringan komputer : personal sampai duniajaringan komputer : personal sampai dunia
Peserta kuliah memahami teknologi jaringan :Peserta kuliah memahami teknologi jaringan : Wireless secara singkatWireless secara singkat Ethernet secara lebih fokusEthernet secara lebih fokus
Peserta kuliah memahami secara singkat Peserta kuliah memahami secara singkat komponen perangkat jaringan komputerkomponen perangkat jaringan komputer
Peserta kuliah mengenal istilah : ATM, MPLS, Peserta kuliah mengenal istilah : ATM, MPLS, FR, X25, FDDI, ISDN, MENFR, X25, FDDI, ISDN, MEN
Computer Network
Personal Area Network (PAN)Local Area Network (LAN)Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)Wide Area Network (WAN)Global Area Network (GAN)
PANPAN
PAN - Personal Area NetworkPAN - Personal Area Network
Data transfer on short areas between Data transfer on short areas between the personal components belonging the personal components belonging to a person to a person
Most personal area networks are wireless.
Wireless personal area network (Wireless PAN)
is a personal area network - a network for interconnecting devices centered around an individual person - in which the connections are wireless.
Typically, a wireless personal area network uses some technology that permits communication within about 10 meters - in other words, a very short range.
Used wireless technology to connect an individual ‘s personal electronics, such as : Cellphone, PDA, MP3 player, notebook PC and
printer
Wireless PAN: Bluetooth
Personal Area Network Standard -> primarily for interconnecting consumer devices.
Frequency: 2.4 GHz Max Data Rate: 1 Mbps
IRDA Provides infrared connections between communication devices
such as mobile phones, desktop PCs and notebook computers; both voice and data are transferred in real time.
Frequency: Infrared Max Data Rate: 115,400 bps
Ultra-wide Band (UWB) Hot area but probably restricted to PAN
LANLAN
TopologiTopologiAccess methodAccess methodEthernetEthernetNetwork componentsNetwork componentsLayered networkLayered networkWireless LANWireless LAN
Local-area network (LAN) : High-speed, low-error data network covering a relatively
small geographic area (up to a few thousand meters : building, campus, organizational structurebuilding, campus, organizational structure).
LANs connect workstations, peripherals, terminals, and other devices in a single building or other geographically limited area.
LAN standards specify cabling and signaling at the physical and data link layers of the OSI model.
High communication bandwidth (10, 100, 155 Mbit/s) Simple topology (bus, ring, tree, star)
Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring are widely used LAN technologies.
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MESH STAR
RING BUS
Topologi Jaringan
Medium Access Control (MAC)
• Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol adalah :• metoda yang digunakan perangkat pada
jaringan LAN agar mendapat akses dan mentransmisikan data ke media transmisi
Metoda AksesMetoda Akses
CONTENTIONCONTENTION TOKEN PASSINGTOKEN PASSING(IBM)(IBM)IEEE 802.3IEEE 802.3
IEEE 802.5IEEE 802.5
Token PassingToken PassingIEEE 802.5IEEE 802.5
Server membuat token (tongkat estafet !) Setiap workstation menunggu transmisi token Jika suatu wokstation menerima token – dan tak ada
data untuk dikirim - kirim token ke komputer berikut Jika token diterima – dan ada data untuk dikirim:
transmisikan data tunggu tanda terima setelah diterima, kirim token ke komputer berikut
Token dibuat dengan tanda khusus (misal 11111111)
Ethernet Baseband LAN specification invented by Xerox
Corporation and developed jointly by Xerox, Intel, and Digital Equipment Corporation. Ethernet networks use CSMA/CD and run over a variety of cable
types at 10 Mbps. Ethernet is similar to the IEEE 802.3 series of standards.
Physical
Data Link(MAC layer)
Eth
ern
et
100 b
ase T
X
10B
aseT
802.310
Bas
e5
10B
ase2
100 b
ase F
X
802.3 Specifications for 10mb Ethernet
802.3u Specifications for 100mb (Fast)
Ethernet
100b
aseT
4
10B
aseF
DIX Standard
Comparing Ethernet Media Comparing Ethernet Media RequirementsRequirements
Comparing Ethernet Media Comparing Ethernet Media RequirementsRequirements
10Base5 100BaseTX10BaseT 100BaseFX
Media
Maximum Segment Length
Topology
Connector
50-ohm coax (thick)
500 meters
Bus
100 meters
Star Star Point-to-Point
EIA/TIA Cat3, 4, 5 UTP
2 pair
EIA/TIA Cat5 UTP2 pair
62.5/125 micron multi-mode fiber
AUIISO 8877 (RJ-45)
Duplex media-interface connector (MIC) ST
ISO 8877 (RJ-45)
400 meters100 meters
Some of the popular IEEE Some of the popular IEEE Ethernet Standard Ethernet Standard
Ethernet from the OSI 7 Layer view pointEthernet from the OSI 7 Layer view point
Layer 4Transport
Layer 3Network
Layer 2Link
Layer 1Physical
Layer 5Session
Layer 6 Presentation
Layer 7 Application
AP
PL
ICA
TIO
N L
AY
ER
SN
ET
WO
RK
LA
YE
RS
Formats frames SWITCHING. Adds cyclic redundancy check. Ethernet frames, Frame Relay frames, ATM cells, MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching Frames, VPLS, VPWS
Creates/receives datagrams, assigns addresses for ROUTING packets to their destination. IP Internet Protocol, Novell IPX, RFC 2547 over MPLS
Encodes and transmits data bits over electrical, optical or radio pulses. Mux, repeater, TDM channels, SONET payload envelope, 10BASE-T
Provides end-to-end transmission correctness, data recovery and flow control. TCP Transmission Control Protocol, UDP.
Determines how computers represent data. ASCII, MPEG.Establishes a session and security. SSL, SQL, NetBIOS.
Generates or interprets data. FTP File Transfer Protocol, email, browser, HTTP
EthernetHeader
Ethernet Frame
EthernetTrailer
IP Packet
Bits
EthernetEthernet IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.3
Menggunakan Protokol CSMA/CD Menggunakan Protokol CSMA/CD Menggunakan mediumMenggunakan medium
Kabel tembaga (dibungkus dan tidak), Kabel tembaga (dibungkus dan tidak), Coax, Coax, FiberFiber
Kapasitas 30 to 100 perangkat (‘nodes’)Kapasitas 30 to 100 perangkat (‘nodes’) KecepatannyaKecepatannya
10 Mbps (Ethernet) 10 Mbps (Ethernet) 100 Mbps (Fast Ethernet)100 Mbps (Fast Ethernet) 1000 Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet)1000 Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet)
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Contention - Contention - CSMA/CDCSMA/CDIEEE 802.3IEEE 802.3
Setiap node/terminal (komputer) memiliki akses yang sama ke media transmisi
• Setiap node/terminal mengamati media transmisi untuk melihat apakah sedang ada data (message) yang ditransmisikan
• Jika tidak ada, komputer dapat memulai transmisi data Pekerjaan ‘mendengar’ media transmisi disebut sebagai Carrier
Sensing Kemampuan beberapa perangkat bersama-sama mengakses media
transmisi disebut Multiple Access Jika ada dua atau lebih perangkat bersama-sama memulai transmisi,
terjadi Collision Detection Jika Collision Detection terjadi, setiap perangkat memutuskan
hubungan Setiap perangkat menunggu secara acak sebelum berusaha untuk
mengirim kembali Protokol ini disebut sebagai Carrier-Sense Multiple Access / Collision
Detection (CSMA/CD) Metoda akses paling umum untuk topologi bus
1919
Network Structure Defined by Network Structure Defined by Hierarchy Hierarchy
Network Structure Defined by Network Structure Defined by Hierarchy Hierarchy
MPLS
Positioning Ethernet in Positioning Ethernet in the Campus the Campus
Positioning Ethernet in Positioning Ethernet in the Campus the Campus
Access Layer
Distribution Layer
Core Layer
Ethernet 10BaseT Position
Fast Ethernet Position
Access Layer
Distribution Layer
Core Layer
Provides connectivty between the end user device and the access switch.
Not typically used at this layer.
Gives high-performance PC and workstations 100-Mbps access to the server.
Provides connectivity between access and distribution layers. Provides connectivity from the distribution to core layer. Provides connectivity from the server block to the core layer.
Provides inter-switch connectivity.Not typically used at this layer.
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Komponen Hardware LANKomponen Hardware LAN
Media Transmisi – Kabel tembaga (Copper wire), kabel koaksial (coax cable), fiber-optic
Servers – komputer penyedia layanan (file, database, printer,
terminal, modem dan atau fax) Workstation –
Personal computer TS atu CS Storage & Back-up –
magnetic tape drives,floppy disk drives, hard disk drives, optical disks
Network Interface Card (NIC) – ‘adaptor’ menghubungkan workstation dengan media
transmisi
Components of a networkComponents of a network Hubs : common connection Hubs : common connection
point for devices in network – a point for devices in network – a place of convergence where place of convergence where data arrives from one or more data arrives from one or more directions and is forwarded in directions and is forwarded in one or more other directionsone or more other directions
Switches : device that connects Switches : device that connects computers to a networkcomputers to a network
Bridges : interface used to Bridges : interface used to connect the same type of connect the same type of networksnetworks
Gateways : interface permitting Gateways : interface permitting communication between communication between dissimilar networksdissimilar networks
Routers : special computer that Routers : special computer that directs message when several directs message when several networks are connected networks are connected togethertogether
Backbones : consists of many Backbones : consists of many main highway – mincluding main highway – mincluding gateway, routers, and other gateway, routers, and other communiacion equipment – that communiacion equipment – that connect all computer networks connect all computer networks in an organizationin an organization
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Hubbed network
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Hub Hub merupakan sentral dari suatu LAN atau enterprise network Beberapa jenis hub antara lain :
• Repeater hub Memiliki beberapa connection port utk dihubungkan ke workstation Apabila ada station yg mengirim data, repeater meng-copy data tsb ke semua port
• Wiring concentrator Merupakan token-ring network concentrator Sering disebut multistation access unit (MAU) Pada prinsipnya merupakan ring dalam kotak
• Switching hub Disebut juga frame switch atau LAN switch Memiliki multiport devices yang masing-masing beroperasi seperti LAN terpisah dengan
broadcast domain sendiri• Workgroup hub
Memiliki port-port yang dihubungkan ke hub yang lain Bisa merupakan repeater hub, concentrator atau switching hub
• Enterprise hub Merupakan sentral dimana semua workgroup hub di perusahan/organisasi
terhubung
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Router merupakan packet switches yang menghubungkan dua network
IP adrress paket yang diterima dichek dalam routing table
• Jika ada dalam tabel paket diteruskan ke network yang bersangkutan
• Jika tidak ada dalam tabel paket diteruskan ke router pada network yang hirarkinya lebih tinggi
Hal yang sama dilakukan oleh router pada hirarki network yang lebih tinggi
Pencarian IP address terakhir dilakukan oleh router pada NSP backbone
Router
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Mengapa LAN?Mengapa LAN?
ResourceResourceSharingSharingSumber Daya Sumber Daya BersamaBersama
Large DataLarge DataTransfersTransfersKirim data (besar)Kirim data (besar)
NetworkNetworkBackupBackupCadanganCadangan
E-mailE-mail
GroupwareGroupwareSoftware GrupSoftware Grup
DistributedDistributedDatabasesDatabasesBasis Data Basis Data TerdistribusiTerdistribusi
NetworkNetworkSecuritySecurityKeamanan Keamanan JaringanJaringan
NetworkNetworkManagementManagementManajemen JaringanManajemen Jaringan
Jika ada LAN maka …Jika ada LAN maka …
Wireless LAN:
802.11 DS, 802.11 FH Initial standard – used for connection of fixed or
portable stations in a LAN. Frequency: 2.4 GHz Max Data Rate: 2 Mbps
802.11 IR Initial standard -- used for connection of fixed or
portable stations in a LAN. Frequency: Infrared Max Data Rate: 2 Mbps
Wireless LAN: (continued)
802.11 a Supplemental standard – increment and range for
LAN connections. Frequency : 5.8 GHz Max Data Rate: 54 Mbps
802.11 b HR DS- 802.11 Supplemental standard – increment and range for
LAN connections. Frequency : 2.4 GHz Max Data Rate: 11 Mbps
Wireless LAN: (continued)
HiperLAN I European Standard - designed for high-speed radio
frequency connections between portable devices. Frequency : 5.2 GHz Max Data Rate: 23.5 Mbps
OpenAir Designed to provide radio frequency connection for
mobile wireless LAN applications -- includes long range capabilities.
Frequency : 2.4 GHz Max Data Rate: 1.6 Mbps
Wireless LAN: (continued)
Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP) European Standard - designed for high-speed radio
frequency connections between portable devices. Frequency : 5.2 GHz Max Data Rate : 23.5 Mbps
Proprietary Device- or application-specific wireless LAN
protocols. Frequency : 2.4 GHz Max Data Rate : 1.6 Mbps
A simple diagram of a wireless LAN:
A wireless local area network (Wireless LAN)
is a computer network that allows a user to connect without the need for a network cable.
A laptop or PDA equipped with a wireless LAN card lets a user move around a building with their computer and stay connected to their network without needing to “plug in” with a cable.
MANMAN
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
A network spanning a geographical area greater A network spanning a geographical area greater than a LAN but less than a WAN (Wide Area than a LAN but less than a WAN (Wide Area Network) Network) usually in the size of Metropolitan City.usually in the size of Metropolitan City.
Fast high speed network in a regional area, connecting different local area networks (1 to 100 km) Plays the role of a backbone network
Simple topology (often: optical fiber ring)
MAN MAN
Standard IEEE 802.6 ( Institution of Electrical and
Electronic Engineers, USA)Protocol :
X.25, Frame Relay, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), Dedicated E1/T1, Fractional E1/T1, Ethernet
Local Exchange Carrier as MANLocal Exchange Carrier as MAN
Frame Relay as MANFrame Relay as MAN
Connections made by virtual circuitsConnection-oriented service
MANMAN
Metro Ethernet Metro Ethernet Carrier as Carrier as
MAN MAN E-Line
E-LAN
EVC Ethernet Virtual ConnectionMEN Metropolitan Ethernet Network
WANWAN
WAN - Wide Area NetworksWAN - Wide Area Networks Connection of Connection of LANs and MANsLANs and MANs over regionalover regional and and above above
regionalregional distances distances intercity, intercountry and intercontinental
Heterogeneous mesh networks withHeterogeneous mesh networks with packet oriented packet oriented communication and routing buffering of packets in communication and routing buffering of packets in intermediary nodes higher latency times (compared to a intermediary nodes higher latency times (compared to a LAN)LAN)
Network Protocol :Network Protocol : X.25, Frame Relay, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), Dedicated E1/T1, Fractional E1/T1, STM N Ethernet
Type of Wide Area Network (WAN)Type of Wide Area Network (WAN)
Long Distance Carrier as Long Distance Carrier as WANWAN
Frame Relay as WANFrame Relay as WAN
Connections made by virtual circuitsConnection-oriented service
WANWAN
Label Switching (MPLS) Carrier as Label Switching (MPLS) Carrier as WANWAN
Label Switching Routers (LSRs)(ATM Switch or Router)
Label Edge Routers
A wireless wide area network (Wireless WAN)
covers a much more extensive area than wireless LANs.
Coverage is generally offered on a nationwide level with wireless network infrastructure provided by a wireless service carrier.
Wireless WAN:
1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4GGenerations / versions.
2G TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access), 2.5G CDMA (Code Division Multiple
Access), 2.5G GSM (Global System for Mobile
Communication)
Wireless WAN: (continued)
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) Data overlay system for enhancing existing GSM
(Global System for Mobile Communications) and/or other TDMA-based networks
Considered 2.5 generation. Frequency: varies Max Data Rate: 14.4 Kbps
3G/UMTS 3.5G/HSDPA 4G/WIMAX
GANGAN
GAN - Global Area NetworkGAN - Global Area Network
NETWORK OF NETWORKNETWORK OF NETWORK Global communication network without Global communication network without
restrictionrestriction No local restrictions (world wide to No local restrictions (world wide to
interplanetary)interplanetary) Connects WANs, MANs and LANsConnects WANs, MANs and LANs
Wired/Wired/Wireless Wireless WAN/LAN/MAN/PAN integration = GANWAN/LAN/MAN/PAN integration = GAN Largely varying qualityLargely varying quality
GAN GAN INTERNET INTERNET
Internet AccessInternet Access
INTERNET
Router LAN
Us
modem
Internet Service Provider ISP
SLIP/ PPPOr TCP/IP
“terminalEmulation”
TCP/IP
(Mis. Perpustakaan)Online Service Provider
TCP/IP
ISP
51http://www.theshulers.com/whitepapers/internet_whitepaper.html
Internet Infrastructure
52
Internet Routing Hierarchy
http://www.theshulers.com/whitepapers/internet_whitepaper.html