PAN, LAN, MAN,WAN, GANPAN, LAN, MAN,WAN, GAN

Pengantar Sistem TelekomunikasiPengantar Sistem Telekomunikasi

20092009

Week 6

Tujuan ModulTujuan Modul

Peserta kuliah memahami mengenai jenis-jenis Peserta kuliah memahami mengenai jenis-jenis jaringan komputer : personal sampai duniajaringan komputer : personal sampai dunia

Peserta kuliah memahami teknologi jaringan :Peserta kuliah memahami teknologi jaringan : Wireless secara singkatWireless secara singkat Ethernet secara lebih fokusEthernet secara lebih fokus

Peserta kuliah memahami secara singkat Peserta kuliah memahami secara singkat komponen perangkat jaringan komputerkomponen perangkat jaringan komputer

Peserta kuliah mengenal istilah : ATM, MPLS, Peserta kuliah mengenal istilah : ATM, MPLS, FR, X25, FDDI, ISDN, MENFR, X25, FDDI, ISDN, MEN

Computer Network

Personal Area Network (PAN)Local Area Network (LAN)Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)Wide Area Network (WAN)Global Area Network (GAN)

PANPAN

PAN - Personal Area NetworkPAN - Personal Area Network

Data transfer on short areas between Data transfer on short areas between the personal components belonging the personal components belonging to a person to a person

Most personal area networks are wireless.

Wireless personal area network (Wireless PAN)

is a personal area network - a network for interconnecting devices centered around an individual person - in which the connections are wireless.

Typically, a wireless personal area network uses some technology that permits communication within about 10 meters - in other words, a very short range.

Used wireless technology to connect an individual ‘s personal electronics, such as : Cellphone, PDA, MP3 player, notebook PC and

printer

Wireless PAN: Bluetooth

Personal Area Network Standard -> primarily for interconnecting consumer devices.

Frequency: 2.4 GHz Max Data Rate: 1 Mbps

IRDA Provides infrared connections between communication devices

such as mobile phones, desktop PCs and notebook computers; both voice and data are transferred in real time.

Frequency: Infrared Max Data Rate: 115,400 bps

Ultra-wide Band (UWB) Hot area but probably restricted to PAN

LANLAN

TopologiTopologiAccess methodAccess methodEthernetEthernetNetwork componentsNetwork componentsLayered networkLayered networkWireless LANWireless LAN

Local-area network (LAN) : High-speed, low-error data network covering a relatively

small geographic area (up to a few thousand meters : building, campus, organizational structurebuilding, campus, organizational structure).

LANs connect workstations, peripherals, terminals, and other devices in a single building or other geographically limited area.

LAN standards specify cabling and signaling at the physical and data link layers of the OSI model.

High communication bandwidth (10, 100, 155 Mbit/s) Simple topology (bus, ring, tree, star)

Ethernet, FDDI, and Token Ring are widely used LAN technologies.

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MESH STAR

RING BUS

Topologi Jaringan

Medium Access Control (MAC)

• Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol adalah :• metoda yang digunakan perangkat pada

jaringan LAN agar mendapat akses dan mentransmisikan data ke media transmisi

Metoda AksesMetoda Akses

CONTENTIONCONTENTION TOKEN PASSINGTOKEN PASSING(IBM)(IBM)IEEE 802.3IEEE 802.3

IEEE 802.5IEEE 802.5

Token PassingToken PassingIEEE 802.5IEEE 802.5

Server membuat token (tongkat estafet !) Setiap workstation menunggu transmisi token Jika suatu wokstation menerima token – dan tak ada

data untuk dikirim - kirim token ke komputer berikut Jika token diterima – dan ada data untuk dikirim:

transmisikan data tunggu tanda terima setelah diterima, kirim token ke komputer berikut

Token dibuat dengan tanda khusus (misal 11111111)

Ethernet Baseband LAN specification invented by Xerox

Corporation and developed jointly by Xerox, Intel, and Digital Equipment Corporation. Ethernet networks use CSMA/CD and run over a variety of cable

types at 10 Mbps. Ethernet is similar to the IEEE 802.3 series of standards.

Physical

Data Link(MAC layer)

Eth

ern

et

100 b

ase T

X

10B

aseT

802.310

Bas

e5

10B

ase2

100 b

ase F

X

802.3 Specifications for 10mb Ethernet

802.3u Specifications for 100mb (Fast)

Ethernet

100b

aseT

4

10B

aseF

DIX Standard

Comparing Ethernet Media Comparing Ethernet Media RequirementsRequirements

Comparing Ethernet Media Comparing Ethernet Media RequirementsRequirements

10Base5 100BaseTX10BaseT 100BaseFX

Media

Maximum Segment Length

Topology

Connector

50-ohm coax (thick)

500 meters

Bus

100 meters

Star Star Point-to-Point

EIA/TIA Cat3, 4, 5 UTP

2 pair

EIA/TIA Cat5 UTP2 pair

62.5/125 micron multi-mode fiber

AUIISO 8877 (RJ-45)

Duplex media-interface connector (MIC) ST

ISO 8877 (RJ-45)

400 meters100 meters

Some of the popular IEEE Some of the popular IEEE Ethernet Standard Ethernet Standard

Ethernet from the OSI 7 Layer view pointEthernet from the OSI 7 Layer view point

Layer 4Transport

Layer 3Network

Layer 2Link

Layer 1Physical

Layer 5Session

Layer 6 Presentation

Layer 7 Application

AP

PL

ICA

TIO

N L

AY

ER

SN

ET

WO

RK

LA

YE

RS

Formats frames SWITCHING. Adds cyclic redundancy check. Ethernet frames, Frame Relay frames, ATM cells, MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching Frames, VPLS, VPWS

Creates/receives datagrams, assigns addresses for ROUTING packets to their destination. IP Internet Protocol, Novell IPX, RFC 2547 over MPLS

Encodes and transmits data bits over electrical, optical or radio pulses. Mux, repeater, TDM channels, SONET payload envelope, 10BASE-T

Provides end-to-end transmission correctness, data recovery and flow control. TCP Transmission Control Protocol, UDP.

Determines how computers represent data. ASCII, MPEG.Establishes a session and security. SSL, SQL, NetBIOS.

Generates or interprets data. FTP File Transfer Protocol, email, browser, HTTP

EthernetHeader

Ethernet Frame

EthernetTrailer

IP Packet

Bits

EthernetEthernet IEEE 802.3 IEEE 802.3

Menggunakan Protokol CSMA/CD Menggunakan Protokol CSMA/CD Menggunakan mediumMenggunakan medium

Kabel tembaga (dibungkus dan tidak), Kabel tembaga (dibungkus dan tidak), Coax, Coax, FiberFiber

Kapasitas 30 to 100 perangkat (‘nodes’)Kapasitas 30 to 100 perangkat (‘nodes’) KecepatannyaKecepatannya

10 Mbps (Ethernet) 10 Mbps (Ethernet) 100 Mbps (Fast Ethernet)100 Mbps (Fast Ethernet) 1000 Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet)1000 Mbps (Gigabit Ethernet)

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Contention - Contention - CSMA/CDCSMA/CDIEEE 802.3IEEE 802.3

Setiap node/terminal (komputer) memiliki akses yang sama ke media transmisi

• Setiap node/terminal mengamati media transmisi untuk melihat apakah sedang ada data (message) yang ditransmisikan

• Jika tidak ada, komputer dapat memulai transmisi data Pekerjaan ‘mendengar’ media transmisi disebut sebagai Carrier

Sensing Kemampuan beberapa perangkat bersama-sama mengakses media

transmisi disebut Multiple Access Jika ada dua atau lebih perangkat bersama-sama memulai transmisi,

terjadi Collision Detection Jika Collision Detection terjadi, setiap perangkat memutuskan

hubungan Setiap perangkat menunggu secara acak sebelum berusaha untuk

mengirim kembali Protokol ini disebut sebagai Carrier-Sense Multiple Access / Collision

Detection (CSMA/CD) Metoda akses paling umum untuk topologi bus

1919

Network Structure Defined by Network Structure Defined by Hierarchy Hierarchy

Network Structure Defined by Network Structure Defined by Hierarchy Hierarchy

MPLS

Positioning Ethernet in Positioning Ethernet in the Campus the Campus

Positioning Ethernet in Positioning Ethernet in the Campus the Campus

Access Layer

Distribution Layer

Core Layer

Ethernet 10BaseT Position

Fast Ethernet Position

Access Layer

Distribution Layer

Core Layer

Provides connectivty between the end user device and the access switch.

Not typically used at this layer.

Gives high-performance PC and workstations 100-Mbps access to the server.

Provides connectivity between access and distribution layers. Provides connectivity from the distribution to core layer. Provides connectivity from the server block to the core layer.

Provides inter-switch connectivity.Not typically used at this layer.

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Komponen Hardware LANKomponen Hardware LAN

Media Transmisi – Kabel tembaga (Copper wire), kabel koaksial (coax cable), fiber-optic

Servers – komputer penyedia layanan (file, database, printer,

terminal, modem dan atau fax) Workstation –

Personal computer TS atu CS Storage & Back-up –

magnetic tape drives,floppy disk drives, hard disk drives, optical disks

Network Interface Card (NIC) – ‘adaptor’ menghubungkan workstation dengan media

transmisi

Components of a networkComponents of a network Hubs : common connection Hubs : common connection

point for devices in network – a point for devices in network – a place of convergence where place of convergence where data arrives from one or more data arrives from one or more directions and is forwarded in directions and is forwarded in one or more other directionsone or more other directions

Switches : device that connects Switches : device that connects computers to a networkcomputers to a network

Bridges : interface used to Bridges : interface used to connect the same type of connect the same type of networksnetworks

Gateways : interface permitting Gateways : interface permitting communication between communication between dissimilar networksdissimilar networks

Routers : special computer that Routers : special computer that directs message when several directs message when several networks are connected networks are connected togethertogether

Backbones : consists of many Backbones : consists of many main highway – mincluding main highway – mincluding gateway, routers, and other gateway, routers, and other communiacion equipment – that communiacion equipment – that connect all computer networks connect all computer networks in an organizationin an organization

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Hubbed network

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Hub Hub merupakan sentral dari suatu LAN atau enterprise network Beberapa jenis hub antara lain :

• Repeater hub Memiliki beberapa connection port utk dihubungkan ke workstation Apabila ada station yg mengirim data, repeater meng-copy data tsb ke semua port

• Wiring concentrator Merupakan token-ring network concentrator Sering disebut multistation access unit (MAU) Pada prinsipnya merupakan ring dalam kotak

• Switching hub Disebut juga frame switch atau LAN switch Memiliki multiport devices yang masing-masing beroperasi seperti LAN terpisah dengan

broadcast domain sendiri• Workgroup hub

Memiliki port-port yang dihubungkan ke hub yang lain Bisa merupakan repeater hub, concentrator atau switching hub

• Enterprise hub Merupakan sentral dimana semua workgroup hub di perusahan/organisasi

terhubung

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Router merupakan packet switches yang menghubungkan dua network

IP adrress paket yang diterima dichek dalam routing table

• Jika ada dalam tabel paket diteruskan ke network yang bersangkutan

• Jika tidak ada dalam tabel paket diteruskan ke router pada network yang hirarkinya lebih tinggi

Hal yang sama dilakukan oleh router pada hirarki network yang lebih tinggi

Pencarian IP address terakhir dilakukan oleh router pada NSP backbone

Router

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Mengapa LAN?Mengapa LAN?

ResourceResourceSharingSharingSumber Daya Sumber Daya BersamaBersama

Large DataLarge DataTransfersTransfersKirim data (besar)Kirim data (besar)

NetworkNetworkBackupBackupCadanganCadangan

E-mailE-mail

GroupwareGroupwareSoftware GrupSoftware Grup

DistributedDistributedDatabasesDatabasesBasis Data Basis Data TerdistribusiTerdistribusi

NetworkNetworkSecuritySecurityKeamanan Keamanan JaringanJaringan

NetworkNetworkManagementManagementManajemen JaringanManajemen Jaringan

Jika ada LAN maka …Jika ada LAN maka …

Wireless LAN:

802.11 DS, 802.11 FH Initial standard – used for connection of fixed or

portable stations in a LAN. Frequency: 2.4 GHz Max Data Rate: 2 Mbps

802.11 IR Initial standard -- used for connection of fixed or

portable stations in a LAN. Frequency: Infrared Max Data Rate: 2 Mbps

Wireless LAN: (continued)

802.11 a Supplemental standard – increment and range for

LAN connections. Frequency : 5.8 GHz Max Data Rate: 54 Mbps

802.11 b HR DS- 802.11 Supplemental standard – increment and range for

LAN connections. Frequency : 2.4 GHz Max Data Rate: 11 Mbps

Wireless LAN: (continued)

HiperLAN I European Standard - designed for high-speed radio

frequency connections between portable devices. Frequency : 5.2 GHz Max Data Rate: 23.5 Mbps

OpenAir Designed to provide radio frequency connection for

mobile wireless LAN applications -- includes long range capabilities.

Frequency : 2.4 GHz Max Data Rate: 1.6 Mbps

Wireless LAN: (continued)

Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP) European Standard - designed for high-speed radio

frequency connections between portable devices. Frequency : 5.2 GHz Max Data Rate : 23.5 Mbps

Proprietary Device- or application-specific wireless LAN

protocols. Frequency : 2.4 GHz Max Data Rate : 1.6 Mbps

A simple diagram of a wireless LAN:

A wireless local area network (Wireless LAN)

is a computer network that allows a user to connect without the need for a network cable.

A laptop or PDA equipped with a wireless LAN card lets a user move around a building with their computer and stay connected to their network without needing to “plug in” with a cable.

MANMAN

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

A network spanning a geographical area greater A network spanning a geographical area greater than a LAN but less than a WAN (Wide Area than a LAN but less than a WAN (Wide Area Network) Network) usually in the size of Metropolitan City.usually in the size of Metropolitan City.

Fast high speed network in a regional area, connecting different local area networks (1 to 100 km) Plays the role of a backbone network

Simple topology (often: optical fiber ring)

MAN MAN

Standard IEEE 802.6 ( Institution of Electrical and

Electronic Engineers, USA)Protocol :

X.25, Frame Relay, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), Dedicated E1/T1, Fractional E1/T1, Ethernet

Local Exchange Carrier as MANLocal Exchange Carrier as MAN

Frame Relay as MANFrame Relay as MAN

Connections made by virtual circuitsConnection-oriented service

MANMAN

Metro Ethernet Metro Ethernet Carrier as Carrier as

MAN MAN E-Line

E-LAN

EVC Ethernet Virtual ConnectionMEN Metropolitan Ethernet Network

WANWAN

WAN - Wide Area NetworksWAN - Wide Area Networks Connection of Connection of LANs and MANsLANs and MANs over regionalover regional and and above above

regionalregional distances distances intercity, intercountry and intercontinental

Heterogeneous mesh networks withHeterogeneous mesh networks with packet oriented packet oriented communication and routing buffering of packets in communication and routing buffering of packets in intermediary nodes higher latency times (compared to a intermediary nodes higher latency times (compared to a LAN)LAN)

Network Protocol :Network Protocol : X.25, Frame Relay, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), Dedicated E1/T1, Fractional E1/T1, STM N Ethernet

Type of Wide Area Network (WAN)Type of Wide Area Network (WAN)

Long Distance Carrier as Long Distance Carrier as WANWAN

Frame Relay as WANFrame Relay as WAN

Connections made by virtual circuitsConnection-oriented service

WANWAN

Label Switching (MPLS) Carrier as Label Switching (MPLS) Carrier as WANWAN

Label Switching Routers (LSRs)(ATM Switch or Router)

Label Edge Routers

A wireless wide area network (Wireless WAN)

covers a much more extensive area than wireless LANs.

Coverage is generally offered on a nationwide level with wireless network infrastructure provided by a wireless service carrier.

Wireless WAN:

1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4GGenerations / versions.

2G TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access), 2.5G CDMA (Code Division Multiple

Access), 2.5G GSM (Global System for Mobile

Communication)

Wireless WAN: (continued)

GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) Data overlay system for enhancing existing GSM

(Global System for Mobile Communications) and/or other TDMA-based networks

Considered 2.5 generation. Frequency: varies Max Data Rate: 14.4 Kbps

3G/UMTS 3.5G/HSDPA 4G/WIMAX

GANGAN

GAN - Global Area NetworkGAN - Global Area Network

NETWORK OF NETWORKNETWORK OF NETWORK Global communication network without Global communication network without

restrictionrestriction No local restrictions (world wide to No local restrictions (world wide to

interplanetary)interplanetary) Connects WANs, MANs and LANsConnects WANs, MANs and LANs

Wired/Wired/Wireless Wireless WAN/LAN/MAN/PAN integration = GANWAN/LAN/MAN/PAN integration = GAN Largely varying qualityLargely varying quality

GAN GAN INTERNET INTERNET

Internet AccessInternet Access

INTERNET

Router LAN

Us

modem

Internet Service Provider ISP

SLIP/ PPPOr TCP/IP

“terminalEmulation”

TCP/IP

(Mis. Perpustakaan)Online Service Provider

TCP/IP

ISP

51http://www.theshulers.com/whitepapers/internet_whitepaper.html

Internet Infrastructure

52

Internet Routing Hierarchy

http://www.theshulers.com/whitepapers/internet_whitepaper.html