1

ADAPTATION TO

CLIMATE CHANGE IN JAKARTA

A DIALOGUE ON CITIES AND

CLIMATE CHANGEWashington DC, 21-23 September 2009

1

Endang Setiawati RatnaningsihHead of Public Works of South Jakarta Municipality

Indonesia

GOVERNMENT OF JAKARTA CAPITAL CITY

Outline

1. Basic Information of Jakarta City

2. Existing Drainage System and Delta

3. Impact of Climate Change

4. Adaptation Plan 1.Rehabilitation of Infrastructure

2.Mangrove Plantation

3.Community Participation

2

y p

5. Conclusion

GOVERNMENT OF JAKARTA CAPITAL CITY

2

Basic Information of Basic Information of

3

Jakarta CityJakarta City

GOVERNMENT OF JAKARTA CAPITAL CITY

Jakarta is the capital city of the Republic of Indonesia, located 2 hours from Singapore

Jakarta is the capital city of the Republic of Indonesia, located 2 hours from Singapore

Jakarta Capital CityJakarta Capital City

Singapore g pand Bali by plane

Jakarta consists of 5 Municipalities, 1 Regency, 44 Districts and 267 Sub-districts

g pand Bali by plane

Jakarta consists of 5 Municipalities, 1 Regency, 44 Districts and 267 Sub-districts

Jakarta Bali

4

Land Area is ± 65.000 Ha (excluding the “Thousand Islands”)

Land Area is ± 65.000 Ha (excluding the “Thousand Islands”)Ancol

KamalTanjung KaitTanjung Pasir

GOVERNMENT OF JAKARTA CAPITAL CITY

3

Greater JakartaGreater Jakarta

5

• Total Population of Jakarta: 8.5 million• Day Time Population: 10.7 million• Population Density: 13,000 to 15,000 per km2, in certain

areas 20,000 to 30,000 per km2• Total Population of Greater Jakarta : 25 million

Existing Drainage System

6

Existing Drainage System and Delta

GOVERNMENT OF JAKARTA CAPITAL CITY

4

13 River Systems cross Jakarta

Mookervart

Angke Cakung

Pesanggrahan

Jati Kramat

7

Grogol

Krukut

Cipinang

Sunter

Buaran

Baru TmrKaru Brt

Ciliwung

40% of the northern area is below Mean Sea Level (MSL)

Crossed by 13 River Systems from Greater Jakarta (Jabodetabek) and

upstream areas.

K. Tahang

Cim

ance

uri

LAUT JAWAU

NORMALISASI BANJIR KANAL

CISADANE RIVER IMPROVEMENTKETERANGAN :

Garis Batas Wil. SungaiCiliwung - Cisadane

Jalan raya

Jalan Kereta Api

Batas Daerah Aliran Sungai

Ciawi and Limo Water Retention Development Plan

NORMALISASI CENGKARENG DRAIN

JAKARTA CITY DRAINAGE SYSTEM4 : Upstream - Water Retention

K. A

ban

g

Balaraja

TANGERANG

Ciledug

Curug

RancaSumur

CiputatSerpong

Parung

Cim

atu

kCib

eure

um

ke Serang

K. G

rogo

l

K. K

ruku

t

K. M

ampa

ng

Cil

iwun

g

K. C

ipin

ang

K. B

uar

an

K. C

aku

ng

BEKASI

CileungsiDEPOK

Cimanggis

Pondok Gede

Cibeet

KARAWANG

Cikarang

Jonggol

Cibarusa

Curug

K. S

ekre

tari

s

+ 6.01

+ 16.46

K. S

epak

Sal

. Mer

uya

K. B

len

con

g

K. M

aru

nda

K. J

atik

ram

atK. C

iden

g

JAKARTA

Cen

gkar

eng

Dra

in Sungai

Saluran Drainasi

Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta Raya

Program Pengendalian Banjir( Alternatif I )

WADUK LIMO PLAN

8

Waduk Halim

sws 08.11.2001

ke Rangkasbitung

Gunung PutriJonggol

WadukJatiluhur

Katulampa

BOGOREmpang

ke Cianjur

Gn. Pangrango

0 12 km2 4 6 8 10

+ 240.97

+ 243.33

PROYEK PENGELOLAAN SUMBER AIR DAN PENGENDALIAN BANJIR

CILIWUNG-CISADANEWADUK CIAWI PLAN

WADUK GENTENG PLAN

WADUK PARUNG BADAK PLAN

5

BASIC CONCEPT OFJAKARTA CITY DRAINAGE SYSTEM

5Flood Barrier

1. Flood from upstream is diverted through the canal

Gravity flowGravity flow

LOW LAYING AREALOW LAYING AREAPOLDER SYSTEMPOLDER SYSTEM

Pond Pond Pond Pond Pond Pond

West CanalWest Canal East CanalEast Canal

3 3 3

22

Flood Barrierto the sea.

2. Some rivers in downstream canal still flow by gravity.

3. Polder system (gates, ponds, and pumping stations) in the low laying area is pumped to the sea.

4. Small lakes and reservoirs

9

9

Upstream Upstream Local StorageLocal Storage

MAJOR RIVERS FLOWING TO JAKARTA AREAMAJOR RIVERS FLOWING TO JAKARTA AREA

1 44

Upstream Upstream Local Local StorageStorage Ciliwung River

have to be developed and maintained in the southern/upstream areas.

5. Developing and improving the existing break water to prevent the impact of tide water

Impact of Climate

10

Change

GOVERNMENT OF JAKARTA CAPITAL CITY

6

Floods and Climate Change

IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE :

• Heavier rainfall due to the increase of sea surface temperature by 0 5 1o C

IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE :

• Heavier rainfall due to the increase of sea surface temperature by 0 5 1o Ctemperature by 0.5 - 1o C.

• Higher tides due to the increase of sea level (estimated to be 0.5 cm per year) as one of the impacts of global warming.

• 40% of the Jakarta area, particularly parts of North Jakarta, is low-land, lying below Mean Sea Level.

temperature by 0.5 - 1o C.

• Higher tides due to the increase of sea level (estimated to be 0.5 cm per year) as one of the impacts of global warming.

• 40% of the Jakarta area, particularly parts of North Jakarta, is low-land, lying below Mean Sea Level.

11

• Aggravated by land subsidence increasing by 0.5 cm per year.

• Aggravated by land subsidence increasing by 0.5 cm per year.

Jakarta Flood 2007

12TOTAL FINANCIAL LOSS : US $ 879,12 million

Loss of Lives: 79, Refugees: 223,203, Coverage Area 70%

7

Ad i Pl

13

Adaptation Plan

GOVERNMENT OF JAKARTA CAPITAL CITY

Adaptation Plan : Rehabilitation of infrastructure

dredging Water dike

14

before after

Rehabilitation of Embankment

8

JAKARTA CITY DRAINAGE SYSTEM5 : Flood Barrier – Break Water - Reclamation

TANGGUL PANTAI

MUTIARA

High Tide Break-water Rehabilitation PlanReclamation Plan - Jakarta Coastal

15

Jakarta Map

N

Break-water

GOVERNMENT OF JAKARTA CAPITAL CITY

Adaptation Plan: Mangrove Plantation

16

before after

Mangrove plantation

9

Community Participation : Capacity Building for First Responder

17

Community Participation : Green ”Kampong” Development

18

10

Community Participation :Waste Management and Re-cycling

19

CONCLUSION

20

REMARK

GOVERNMENT OF JAKARTA CAPITAL CITY

11

Conclution Remarks• Climate change phenomenon heavily affect

Jakarta, especially in flooding problemC tl th J k t Cit Ad i i t ti i• Currently, the Jakarta City Administration is working on rehabilitation and improvements of infrastructures to adapt toward climate change

• There is a necessity of future plan to adapt on climate change

• The need of understanding and participation from private sectors

21

private sectors• As there are community participations in

supporting the program, a more widespread phenomenon is expected

• The need of strong supports from high level decision makers

22