1. MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction1.1. Sub KompetensiKemampuan yang akan dimiliki oleh mahasiswa setelah memahami isi modul iniadalah sebagai berikut : Mahasiswa mengetahui ruang lingkup bahasan materi Heating Ventilating Air Conditioning (HVAC) Mahasiswa memahami prinsif kerja dasar dari kulkas (refrigerator) dan air conditioning (AC). Mahasiswa memahami prinsif kerja Water Chiller dan Oil cooler1.2. Uraian MateriSetalah mempelajari konsep dasar thermodinamika (engineering thermodynamic)maka mahasiswa pada mata kuliah ini diharapkan mampu mengaplikasikan padakonsep dasar itu pada teknologi aplikasinya industri meliputi : 1. Water chiller dan Oil Cooler 2. Sistem refrigerator 3. Sistem air conditioning (AC) dan HVACPengenalan Sistem Pendingin dan HVACBeberapa aplikasi sistem pendingin untuk kebutuhan manusia dan dunia industri Gambar 1. 1 Contoh Penerapan Thermodinamika khusunya pada sistem pendingin HVACSumber : Yunus A Cengel, 1994, Thermodynamic, an Engineering ApproachMODUL AJAR - HVAC4

2. MODUL 1. HVAC IntroductionWater chiller and Oil CoolerGambar 1. 2 AHU-(air handlind Unit) , FCU (fan control unit), Water Chiller (warna biru = fase liquid/cair dan warna merah dan ungu = fase vapor/uap) Gambar 1. 3 Sistem refrigerasi / refrigeratorKomponen-komponen sistem refrigerasi : Refrigerant Receiver Thermostatic expansion valve (TXV) Evaporator CompressorMODUL AJAR - HVAC5 3. MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction Condenser Gambar 1. 4 Oil cooler (radiator) (sources: http://www.prcracing.com/oil-coolers.html)Gambar 1. 5 sistem cool storage di sebuah kapalPrinsif KerjaPrinsif dasar dari mesin ini adalah proses pemindahan panas dari reservoir yangbertemperatur tinggi ke rendah membutuhkan kerja yang perlu dimasukan dalamsistemMODUL AJAR - HVAC 6 4. MODUL 1. HVAC IntroductionGambar 1. 6 Proses Pemindahan panas dari reservoir temperature rendah ke tinggiProses Perpindahan Energi PanasGambar 1. 7 Thermal energy moves from left to right through five loops of heat transferContoh aplikasi sistem pendingin pada unit yang besar : Gambar 1. 8 ice skating field dan Cooling Piping (sources: www.kolomna-speed-skating.com/)MODUL AJAR - HVAC 7 5. MODUL 1. HVAC IntroductionAir Conditioning SystemSistem pengkondisian Udara untuk mendapatkan udara dengan kondisi dan kualitassesuai dengan kebutuhan teknis. Dimana kebutuhan meliputi kebutuhan untukkenyamanan manusia dan juga tujuan kebutuhan industri seperti teknologipenyimpan (storage), farmasi, bahan kimia hingga industri persenjataan.Macam-macam AC sistem : Air Conditioning (for comfort / machine) Split air conditioners Fan coil units in a larger system Air handling units in a larger system Gambar 1. 9 AC window dan Split air conditionersSistem RefrigerasiSistem pendinginan pada industri yang digunakan untuk tujuan teknologi prosespengolahan (contohnya chilling plants) dan kebutuhan domestik (contohnyarefrigerators), Sistem refrigerasi dapat dibedakan berdasarkan besar kemampuankapasitasnya pendinginannyadengan satuan TOR (Ton of Refrigeration). TORadalah satuan untuk kapasitas kemampuan proses pendinginan mengacu pada panasyang mampu dipindahkan dari material yang didinginkan yg besarnya setara denganefek pendinginan yang diakibatkan oleh 1 ton es bersuhu 32 oF (00C) yang meleleh(berubaha fase solid menjadi liquid) selama 24 jam. 1 TOR akan memiliki nilaisetara dengan 12.000 BTU/hour atau 3517 watts.MODUL AJAR - HVAC 8 6. MODUL 1. HVAC IntroductionKapasitas pendinginan sistem refrigerasi berdasarkan kemampuan kapasitaspendinginannya : 1. Unit Kapasitas kecil < 50 TORUnit refrigerasi dengan kapasitas kecil untuk memenuhi kebutuhan domestic 2. Unit Kapasitas medium antara 50 < TOR < 250Instalasi air pendingin dengan sistem terpusat (Centralized chilled waterplants) menggunakan air pendingin sebagai refrigerant sekunder dengantemperatur dengan range diatas. 3. Unit Kapasitas besar > 250 TORInstalasi pendingin terpusat dengan kapasitas pendinginan besar denganmenggunakan refrigerant pendingin sekunder larutan anti beku (brine plant)sehingga bisa mencapai temperature lebih rendah dari 0 0C. Industri yangbesar akan memiliki beberapa unit pendingin antara lain yang berada diluardiluar gedung (off site) antara lain: 1. Chilled water pumps, 2. Condenser water pumps, 3. Cooling towers, Gambar 1. 10 Condenser water pumps (sources www.tempest-eng.com)MODUL AJAR - HVAC 9 7. MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction Gambar 1. 11 Cooling Tower (sources: http://powerwash.ms/industrial-projects) Pada satu industri bisa dimungkin akan memiliki 2 sampai 3 level instalasi sistem refrigenerasi dan pengkondisian udara dengan beberapa kombinasi kondisi operasi, antara beberapa contoh kombinasi antara lain : 1. Comfort air conditioning (20 250C) 2. Chilled water system (8 100C)Plant air dingin yang terpusat dengan memanfaatkan air dinginsebagai refrigeran sekundernya untuk kisaran suhu diatas 8-100C. 3. Brine system (sub-zero applications)Plant air garam (brine), yang menggunakan air garam untuksuhu yang lebih rendah, refrigeran sekunder untuk penerapansuhu sub-nol, yang kemudian menjadi kapasitas unit dankapasitas plant yang terpusat.1.3. RangkumanTOR (Ton of Refrigeration).BTU (British thermal unit).AHU (Air Handling Unit)FCU (Fan control unit)1.4. Referensi1.Yunus A Cengel, 1994, Thermodynamic, an Engineering Approach2.ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals [1972]MODUL AJAR - HVAC10 8. MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction3. Harrington RL., Marine Engineering Hand Book, SNAME, Jersey City, 19924. Stoecker WF., Jerrold W., Supratman H., Teknik Pendingin dan Pengkondisian Udara, Edisi 2, Erlangga, Jakarta5. William G., Neil RP. Trane Air Conditioning Manual6. Wiranto AM., Heizo S.,Penyegaran Udara, Pradnya Paramita, Jakarta 19951.5. Latihan SoalTugas Terstruktur 01 1. Dengan melihat diagram pada Water Chiller dan Refrigerator diatas, Cobajelaskan fungsi-fungsi dari peralatan dibawah ini :a) compressorb) condenserc) receiverd) solenoid valvee) therma expansion valvef) thermal bulbg) chiller condenserh) chill water pumpi) cooling coilj) thermostatk) tempeature switchl) expansion tank 2. Berdasarkan gambar refrigerator jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan :a. Suction lineb. discharge linec. low sided. high side 3. Sebuah Pelabuhan membutuhkan 2 unit AHU dimana unit 1 membutuhkandaya pendinginan 12 BTU/min dan unit 2 membutuhkan daya pendinginan 8,2kW. Berapa daya TOR mesin pendingin total yang harus di-install ?MODUL AJAR - HVAC11 9. MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction1.6. Lembar Kerja..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................MODUL AJAR - HVAC12 10. 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HVAC Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................MODUL AJAR - HVAC13 11. 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HVAC Introduction................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................MODUL AJAR - HVAC14