1.1. Sub KompetensiKemampuan yang akan dimiliki oleh mahasiswa setelah memahami isi modul ini adalah sebagai berikut : Mahasiswa mampu memahami cara pembuatan kurva CSA Mahasiswa mmapu menggambar kurva CSA.

1.2. Uraian Materi1.2.1. CSA ( Curve of Sectional Area) CSA ( Curve of Sectional Area) merupakan kurva yang menunjukan luasan kapal tiap tiap station. Mengacu pada persentase luasan yang didapat dari NSP diagram yang dikalikan dengan luasan midship dari kapal , maka akan diperoleh luasan kapal pada tiap stationnya

Gambar 3.1. Bentuk CSA pada berbagai type kapal.

1.2.2. Menghitung Persentase Luas Tiap Station Terhadap Luas MidshipA) Menggunakan Diagram NSP (Nederlandsche Scheepsbouw Proefstasioen)Dalam menggunakan metode NSP ini hal yang pertama dilakukan adalah menghitung nilai Speed Constant :Vs/L, Dimana: Vs = V servis [knot] L = L displ [ feet ]

Dari nilai speed constant dapat ditentukan prosentase luas dari tiap station terhadap luas midship (Am) dan letak titik tekan keatas (LCB) sebagai prosentase dari panjang Ldisp Untuk single screw Ldisp = (Lwl + Lpp) [feet] Untuk twin screw Ldisp = Lwl [feet]Bila hanya Lpp yang diketahui maka Lwl = Lpp + ..% Lpp , atau panjang Lwl ditentukan.Luas midship :Am = B x T x [m2] diperoleh dari diagram NSP (diperiksa: = / )

Letak titik tekan keatas (LCB) diperoleh dengan pertolongan garis lengkung b, sebagai prosentase dari panjang Ldisp dan diukur dari tengah panjang Ldisp (disp). Titik tekan keatas pada lengkung b memberikan bentuk kapal dengan hambatan yang kecil dan propulsive coefficient yang baik. Jika diperlukan pergeseran LCB memanjang maka lengkung a dan c merupakan batas yang diperbolehkan.MODUL 3 CSA (Curve Of Sectional Area)

MODUL AJAR RENCANA GARIS 3 - 29

Gambar 3.2. Diagram NSP.

Tabel 3.1. Harga Koefisien Beberapa Tipe Kapal Normal Untuk menentukan luasan tiap-tiap station, digunakan NSP Diagram berdasarkan harga Koefisien Prismatik (disp) pada ordinatnya, kemudian menarik garis horizontal agar memotong garis-garis lengkung yang berupa luasan station yang berjumlah 20 buah. Dari perpotongan tersebut ditarik garis vertikal keatas untuk mendapatkan harga persentasenya (persentase yang digunakan merupakan persentase luasan MidShip).

Tabel 3.2. Persentase luas tiap station terhadap luas midshipStationPembacaan grafik(% station)A midship (m2)% Station x A midship (m2)% Station x A midship (m2)(skala)

0

1

2

3

dst

.

..

...

18

19

20

Dalam melakukan penggambaran kurva CSA, skala yang digunakan harus proporsional. untuk panjang (L disp) , 1cm digambar = mewakili ........meter untuk luasan , 1cm digambar =mewakili ........................meter 2Contoh: untuk Ldisp di skala 1: 300, artinya 1 cm digambar mewakili 3 meter. (Ldisp /3) Sehingga agar gambarnya proporsional, maka skala untuk luasan dibuat 1:700, artinya 1 cm digambar mewakili 7 meter2. ([% Station x A midship]/7)

B) Metode Hamlin Menentukan Harga CPA dan CPFCoefficient Prismatic Aft (CPA) dan Coefficient Prismatik Fore (CPF) bisa ditentukan dengan memplot harga LCB dan harga CP pada diagram hamlin.

Gambar 3.3. Diagram Hamlin untuk mencari harga CpA- CpF

Dengan bantuan diagram Hamlin , masing masing luas station bisa ditentukan nilainya, dengan cara memplot harga CPA dan CPF pada diagram, seperti nampak dibawah ini.

1.2.3. Langkah langkah penggambaran CSA:1) Menggambarkan garis horizontal dengan memakai Ldisp ( skala ).2) Garis horizontal ( Ldisp ) tadi dibagi menjadi 20 bagian.3) Pada setiap titik ordinat Ldisp yang telah dibuat ( 0 20 ), kita tarik garis vertikal ( tegak lurus dengan garis horizontal ) dengan panjang sesuai perhitungan Astation ( skala ) (lihat tabel 1)4) Menghubungkan ordinat ordinat yang didapat mulai dari station 0 sampai 20 sehingga membentuk sebuah kurva yang disebut dengan CSAdisp ( Curve of Sectional Area Displacement ).5) Tentukan Midship kapal dengan dengan membagi Ldisp tadi menjadi 2 bagian yang sama panjang ( pada station 10 ).6) Dari titik tersebut (station 10 dari Ldisp), dibuat garis tegak lurus dengan Ldisp kebawah ( jangan terlalu panjang , hanya sebagai garis bantu ), 7) Dari tersebut dibuat garis dibawah Ldisp ( sejajar dengan Ldisp ) dengan ukuran Lwl kekiri dan Lwl kekanan pada arah horizontal.a. Ujung kanan dari garis Lwl merupakan Fore Perpendicular (FP) dari kapal., FP ini dipakai sebagai acuan dalam pembuatan garis Lpp.b. Buat garis Lpp yang dimulai dari titik Fp tadi yang ditarik garis bantu kebawah, lalu kita gambarkan garis horizontal kekiri sepanjang Lpp8) Setelah Kita menggambar Lpp, kita bagi Lpp menjadi 20 bagian / station dan pada station 0 (bagian paling kiri )merupakan After Perpendicular (AP) dan pada stataion 10 merupakan midship kapal yang sesungguhnya.9) Antara Ldisp dan Lwl pada gambar kita lihat ada perbedaan panjang ( Lwl > Ldisp ), sehingga ada penambahan station ( -1; -2) .maka grafik CSA kita fairkan sesuai panjang Lwl.

10) Dengan menggunakan axis Lpp pada tiap station tersebut kita tarik garis keatas memotong kurva CSA , maka perpotongan tadi kita ukur nilai luasan yang yang baru untuk tiap stationnya.

Karena terjadi penambahan, maka CSA Perpendicular atau CSA perlu dilakukan koreksi terhadap volume dan letak LCB nya.

3.1 Koreksi Volume dan LCBINGAT: Dalam memasukkan luasan station baru ke tabel 2 dari CSA, jangan lupa dikalikan lagi dengan skala yang dibuat.

Tabel 2.3. Tabel Koreksi Volume Displacemet dan letak LCBStationA StationbaruFaktor Simpson (FS)A Station.FSFaktor Momen (FM)A Station.FS.FM

-20,4-10,8

-11,6-10,4

AP1,4-10

14-9

22-8

34-7

42-6

54-5

62-4

74-3

82-2

94-1

1020

1141

1222

1343

1424

1545

1626

1747

1828

1949

FP110

3.3.1Volume dan LCB Simpson Jarak Stationh = Lpp / 20 (meter) Volume SimpsonVsimp = 1 h (meter3) LCB SimpsonLCBsimp = (2 / 1) h3.3.2Koreksi Volume dan LCB Koreksi VolumeVol = [(Vsimp Vdisp) / Vdisp] x 100% Koreksi LCBLCB = [(LCBsimp LCBpp) / Lpp] x 100% TRANSFORMASI CSA

Gambar 3.4. Transformasi CSA

Pada pembuatan Curve of Sectional Areas dengan menggunakan metode NSP ini kadang-kadang letak titik tekan kapal tak dapat diambil seperti yang ditentukan oleh diagram (lengkung b) .Dalam hal ini dilakukan transformasi dengan cara sebagai berikut :a) Pada Curve of Sectional Areas, gambarkan letak titik tekan keatas memanjang P sesuai hasil NSP (lengkung b, berjarak dari disp) dan letak titik tekan keatas memanjang Q seperti yang dikehendaki (dengan tinggi sama dengan P).b) Tinggi titik tekan tersebut diatas secara vertikal dapat ditentukan menggunakan rumus Johow atau Prohaska seperti berikut ini.Johow:a= =4 - 1Prohaska : b = , untuk CSA bentuk concav (cekung)

= , untuk CSA bentuk convex (cembung)x = 1 = tinggi CSA dalam skala panjang.a = jarak vertikal titik berat ke bagian atas CSAb = jarak vertikal titik berat ke garis dasar CSA.

c) Tarik garis tegak melalui P, memotong garis dasar di titik R. Hubungkan titik R dengan titik Q (garis RQ).d) Tarik garis-garis sejajar RQ melalui titik dasar tiap station,kemudian melalui titik perpotongan tiap garis station dengan CSA ditarik garis datar hingga memotong garis sejajar garis RQ pada titik potongnya.e) Titik-titik potong tersebut selanjutnya dihubungkan dan menjadi CSA yang baru dengan letak titik tekan keatas Q.f) Selanjutnya CSA yang baru diperiksa volume dan letak titik tekannya. Bila telah memenuhi syarat ( < 0,5% untuk volume dan < 0,1% untuk letak titik tekan keatas).CSA yang baru dapat dipakai untuk selanjutnya.

Contoh Pembuatan CSAMETODA NSPDiketahui sebuh kapal dengan ukuran utama sebagai berikut: Lpp : 119.8 m B : 19.2 m H : 11.3 m T : 8.4 m Cb(pp) : 0.69 Type : Semi Container Metode : NSP

Dari ukuran utama kapal tersebut diatas dapat dihitung komponen-komponen yang lain yang dipakai dalam penggambaran rencana garis kapal :

2.1 Panjang Garis Air (Lwl)Lwl adalah panjang garis air yang diukur dari perpotongan linggi buritan dengan garis air muat sampai dengan perpotongan linggi haluan dengan garis air muat Lwl dirumuskan sebagai pertambahan panjang dari Lpp sebesar 4% , atau dapat di tunjukkan dengan rumusan :Lwl = (1 + 4%) Lpp = (1 + 4%) 119.8 = 124.592 meter

2.2 Panjang Dispalcement (Ldisp)Panjang displacement merupakan panjang kapal yang imajiner, Ldisp terjadi karena adanya perpindahan fluida akibat tercelupnya badan kapal, Ldisp dipakai untuk menghitung besar luasan luasan bagian yang tercelup air, pada saat dibagi menjadi dua puluh station. Ldisp dapat diartikan juga sebagai panjang rata-rata antara Lwl dan Lpp, atau bisa diformulasikan sebagai berikut:Ldisp = (Lwl + Lpp) = (124.592 + 119.8) = 122.196 meter

2.3 Volume Dispalcement (Vdisp)Vdisp adalah volume perpindahan fluida (air) akibat dari badan kapal yang tercelup dibawah permukaan air, Vdisp dapat dirumuskan sebagai berikut :Vdisp = Lpp B T pp = 119.8 x 19.2 x 8.4 x 0.69 = 13331.727 meter22.4 Radius Bilga (R)Radius Bilga adalah jari jari lengkung bagian yang menghubungkan antara bagian samping dan bagian dasar kapal, radius bilga dapat dirumuskan sebagai:R = 0.16T = 0.16 x 8.4 = 1.344 meter

2.5 Luasan Penampangn Melintang Tengah Kapal (Amidship)Adalah luasan bagian tengah kapal yang dipotong secara melintang yang memiliki lebar B dan tinggi T, yang dirumuskan sebagai:Amidship = B T 2(R2 R2) = 19.2 x 8.4 2(1.3442 - 1.3442) = 160.503 meter2

Gambar 1. Luas penampang melintang pada bagian tengah kapal

2.6 Perhitungan Koefisien Kapal2.6.1 Koefisien Midship ()Merupakan perbandingan antara gading besar (Midship Area) dengan luasan suatu bidang yang lebarnya B dan tingginya T, yang dirumuskan sebagai harga pendekatan terhadap koefisien block displacement, sebesar: = Amidship / (B T) = 160.503 / (19.2 x 8.4) = 0.995

2.6.2 Koefisien Blok Merupakan perbandingan antara volume displacement dengan volume suatu balok yang diukur dengan panjang (L), Lebar (B), sarat (T). Harga perbandingan ini menunjukan apakah badan kapal mempunyai bentuk yang gemuk atau ramping, koefisien block akan berubah mengikuti perubahan panjang kapal yang digunakan.2.6.2.1 Koefisien Blok Displacement (disp)disp = Vdisp / (Ldisp B T) = 13331.727 / (122.196 x 19.2 x 8.4) = 0.676

2.6.2.2 Koefisien Blok Garis Air (wl) wl = pp / (Lpp / Lwl) = 0.69 / (119.8 x 124.592) = 0.663

2.6.3 Koefisien Prismatik Displacement (disp)Merupakan perbandingan antara volume badan kapal yang tercelup air (volume displacement) dengan volume sebuah prisma dengan luas penampang MidShip (Amidship) dan panjang L, yang dirumuskan sebagai:disp = disp / = 0.676 / 0.995 = 0.680

2.8 Perhitungan LCB2.8.1 LCB Displacement (LCBdisp)Berdasarkan diagram NSP pada lengkung b dengan disp adalah 0,68 diperoleh harga e = 0,350 %, maka jarak LCBdisp dari midship adalah : LCBdisp = e Ldisp = 0,350% x 122.196 = 0,428 m ........................(di depan Midship Displacement)

2.8.2 LCB Perpendicular (LCBpp)LCBpp = LCBdisp - (Lwl - Lpp) = 0,428 - (124.592 - 119.8) = -1.968 m .....................(di belakang Midship Perpendicular)

Mengacu pada persentase luasan yang didapat dari NSP diagram yang dikalikan dengan luasan midship dari kapal , maka diperoleh luasan kapal pada tiap stationnya ( tabel 1 ).

Menghitung Persentase Luas Tiap Station Terhadap Luas Midshipdalam penentuan luasan tiap-tiap station, maka digunakan NSP Diagram .Station% A StationA StationSkala 1:100A StationSkala 1:250

00.0000.0000.000

110.00016.0506.420

227.30743.82917.531

348.07777.16530.866

467.307108.03043.212

581.923131.48952.596

691.154146.30558.522

796.923155.56562.226

898.846158.65163.460

9100.000160.50364.201

10100.000160.50364.201

11100.000160.50364.201

12100.000160.50364.201

1397.692156.79962.720

1493.461150.00860.003

1583.704134.34853.739

1670.000112.35244.941

1750.74181.44132.576

1830.00048.15119.260

1910.74117.2406.896

200.0000.0000.000

Tabel 1. Persentase luas tiap station terhadap luas midshipSetelah kita mendapatkan luasan midship pada tipa stationnya ( dalam tabel 1 ), maka selanjutnya kita bisa memulai menggambar CSA

Langkah langkah penggambaran CSA:1) Menggambarkan garis horizontal dengan memakai Ldisp ( skala 1 : 100 ).2) Garis horizontal ( Ldisp ) tadi dibagi menjadi 20 bagian.3) Pada setiap titik ordinat Ldisp yang telah dibuat ( 0 20 ), kita tarik garis vertikal ( tegak lurus dengan garis horizontal ) dengan panjang sesuai perhitungan Astation ( 1 ; 250 ) (lihat tabel 1)4) Menghubungkan ordinat ordinat yang didapat mulai dari station 0 sampai 20 sehingga membentuk sebuah kurva yang disebut dengan CSAdisp ( Curve of Sectional Area Displacement ).5) Tentukan Midship kapal dengan dengan membagi Ldisp tadi menjadi 2 bagian yang sama panjang ( pada station 10 ).6) Dari titik tersebut (station 10 dari Ldisp), dibuat garis tegak lurus dengan Ldisp kebawah ( jangan terlalu panjang , hanya sebagai garis bantu ), 7) Dari tersebut dibuta garis dibawah Ldisp ( sejajar dengan Ldisp ) dengan ukuran Lwl kekiri dan Lwl kekanan pada arah horizontal.i. Ujung kanan dari garis Lwl merupakan Fore Perpendicular (FP) dari kapal., FP ini dipakai sebagai acuan dalam pembuatan garis Lpp.ii. Buat garis Lpp yang dimulai dari titik Fp tadi yang ditarik garis bantu kebawah, lalu kita gambarkan garis horizontal kekiri sepanjang Lpp8) Setelah Kita menggambar Lpp, kita bagi Lpp menjadi 20 bagian / station dan pada station 0 (bagian paling kiri )merupakan After Perpendicular (AP) dan pada stataion 10 merupakan midship kapal yang sesungguhnya.9) Antara Ldisp dan Lwl pada gambar kita lihat ada perbedaan panjang ( Lwl > Ldisp ), maka grafik CSA kita fairkan sesuai panjang Lwl.10) Dengan menggunakan axis Lpp pada tiap station tersebut kita tarik garis keatas memotong kurva CSA , maka perpotongan tadi kita ukur , maka diperoleh CSA Perpendicular atau CSA.a. Karena terjadi penambahan, maka CSA Perpendicular atau CSA perlu dilakukan koreksi terhadap volume dan letak LCB nya.Koreksi Volume dan LCBStationA StationFaktor Simpson (FS)A Station.FSFaktor Momen (FM)A Station.FS.FM

-20.0000.40.000-10.80.000

-14.5851.67.336-10.4-76.294

AP9.5951.413.433-10-134.330

129.5884118.350-9-1065.150

262.3732124.745-8-997.960

394.0784376.310-7-2634.170

4121.2632242.525-6-1455.150

5139.5084558.030-5-2790.150

6151.5252303.050-4-1212.200

7157.3854629.540-3-1888.620

8159.5902319.180-2-638.360

9160.5034642.012-1-642.012

10160.5032321.00600.000

11160.5034642.0121642.012

12159.6152319.2302638.460

13155.0104620.04031860.120

14146.2452292.49041169.960

15128.4204513.68052568.400

16104.7602209.52061257.120

1773.1584292.63072048.410

1839.343278.6858629.480

1913.340453.3609480.240

FP0.00010.000100.000

16677.1642-2240.194

Tabel 2. Koreksi volume dan LCB

Volume dan LCB Simpson Jarak Stationh = Lpp / 20 = 119.8 / 20 = 5.99 meter Volume SimpsonVsimp = 1 h = x 6677.164 x 5.99 = 13332.071 meter3 LCB SimpsonLCBsimp = (2 / 1) h = (-2240.194 / 6677.164) x 5.99 = -2.010 meter

Koreksi Volume dan LCB Koreksi VolumeVol = [(Vsimp Vdisp) / Vdisp] x 100% = [(13332.071 - 13331.727) / 13331.727] x 100% = 0.00258% 0.5 % Koreksi LCBLCB = [(LCBsimp LCBpp) / Lpp] x 100% = [(-2.010 (-1.968)) / 119.8] x 100% = 0.03450% 0.1 %

METODE HAMLINDiketahui sebuah kapal dengan ukuran sebagai berikut:Tipe kapal : General CargoLpp : 94.5 mB : 17 m T : 7.2 mH : 9.1 mV : 14 kn = 7,2016 m/s 1 knot = 0,5144 m/sLwl : (Lpp + (2 2,5 % Lpp)) = 96,86 m

Menghitung Angka Froude

Fn = v = kecepatan (m/s)

g = gravitasi ()

= = 0,234 Lpp = jarak AP - FP (m)

Menghitung Koefisien Blok (Cb pp)

Cb = L = Lpp (m) B = Lebar (m)

= = 0,588 Fn = Angka Froude

Menghitung Koefisien Midship (Cm)

Cm = 0,9 + 0,1 Cb = Coefisien Block

= 0,9 + 0,1 = 0,9588

Menghitung Koefisien prismatik Cm = Coefisien Midship

Cp = = = 0,613 Cb = Coefisien Block

Menghitung Longitudinal Center Of Bouyancy (LCB)

Lcb/L = (8,80-38,9 L = Lpp (m) Lcb/94,5 = (8,80-38,9 . 0,234)/100 Lcb/94,5 = - 0,00302 Lcb = - 0,286

Dari harga CP dan LCB tersebut kemudian diplotkan ke dalam grafik Hamlin berikut ini : (Lcb/Lpp)*100%

untuk Lcb yang bernilai negatif untuk Lcb yang bernilai positif

Dari perpotongan garis LCB dengan Cp, kemudian ditarik garis sejajar dengan kurva sebelah kiri (CPA) dan sebelah kanan (CPF). (Lcb/Lpp)*100% = (-0,286/94,5)*100% = -0,302 (garis merah) Cp = 0,613 (untuk garis kuning) Di dapat : Cp After = 0,62 (untuk garis biru muda) Cp Fore = 0,60 (untuk garis hijau)Dari harga CFAdan CPF yang didapatkan tersebut, kemudian dimasukkan ke dlam grafik berikut ini:

Cp after = 0,62 Cp Fore = 0,60

Untuk Cp after (warna biru) ditarik tegak lurus setiap perpotogan dengan station station nomor awal (AP 10) Untuk Cp Fore (warna hijau) ditarik tegak lurus setiap perpotongan dengan station station nomor akhir (10 FP) Setelah ditarik untuk tiap tiap station sampai diujung kiri atau kanan ada angka angka yang menunjukkan prosentase Luas terhadap Luas Midship, kemudian dimasukkan ke tabel Prosentase Luas Terhadap Luas Midship untuk acuan awal mencari Luas Luas Tiap Station, yaitu dengan mengalikan Prosentase Luas terhadap Luas Midship dengan Luas Midship.

TABEL PERHITUNGAN VOLUME DISPLASEMEN DAN

LONGITUDINAL CENTRE OF BOUYANCY DARI CURVE OF SECTIONAL AREA

= 4542,817 = -274,980

KOREKSI DISPLASEMENVolume displasemen pada tabel

V = x h x

= x 4,725 x 4542,817

= 7154,936775 Volume displasemen teori (Vwl) = Lwl * B * T *

=

= = 0,603

Vwl = Lwl * B * T * = 96,86 * 17*7,2*0,603

= 7145,224271

Besarnya koreksi =

* 100% 0.5%

= 0,14 %

Keterangan : Cbwl = Koefisien Blok sepanjang Lwl (END FP)Lwl = Length Water Line (END FP) dalam meter (m)Cbpp = Koefisien Blok sepanjang Lpp (AP - FP) Lpp = Length Perpendicular (panjang dari AP FP) dalam meter (m) B = lebar kapal (m) T = Sarat kapal (m) h = Jarak station dalam meter (m)KOREKSI LCBLongitudinal centre of buoyancy pada tabel =

LCB = * jarak station

= * 4,725 = -0,2860 m

Longitudinal centre of buoyancy teori =LCB = - 0,286Besarnya koreksi =

/Lpp * 100% 0.1% Lpp

= 0,003%

Gambar CSA (Curve of Section Area)

1.3. Rangkuman1) CSA ( Curve of Sectional Area) merupakan kurva yang menunjukan luasan kapal tiap tiap station.2) Metode Pembuatan CSA Bisa Dengan metode NSP Dan Metode Hamlin.

1.4. Referensi1) Watson, D.G.M., Practical Ship Design, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1998.2) Schneekluth, H., Bertram V., Ship Design for Efficiency and Economy,2ndEd., Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1998.3) Carlton, J.S., Marine Propellers and Propulsion, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 1994.4) Guldhammer, H.E., FORMDATA, Some Systematically Varied Ship Forms and Their Hydrostatic Data, Danish Technical Press, Copenhagen, 19625) Guldhammer, H.E., FORMDATA II, Hydrostatic Data for Ship Forms of Full and Finer Type Hydrostatic Data Trimmed Conditions, Danish Technical Press, Copenhagen, 19636) Guldhammer, H.E., FORMDATA III, Hydrostatic Data, Tanker and Bulbous Bow Series Wetted Surface Comparisons with Other Series and Existing Ships, Danish Technical Press, Copenhagen, 19677) Guldhammer, H.E., FORMDATA IV, Hydrostatic Data for Transom Stern Series of Varied Stern Breadths, Danish Technical Press, Copenhagen, 19698) Guldhammer, H.E., FORMDATA V, Hydrostatic Data for Fishing Boat Forms, Danish Technical Press, Copenhagen, 19739) Scheltema de Heere, R.F., Bakker, A.R., Buoyancy and Stability of Ships, George G. Harrap & Co. Ltd, London, 1970.10) Todd, F.H., Series 60 Methodical Experiments with Models of Single-Screw Merchant Ships.11) Lap, A.J.W., Diagrams for Determining the Resistance of Single Screw Ships, International Shipbuilding Progress, p. 179, 1954.12) Gertler, M., A Reanalysis of the Original Test Data for the Taylor Standard Series, Report 806, The David W. Taylor Model Basin, March 1954.

1.5. Soal LatihanBuatlah kurva CSA dengan metoda CSA dari data kapal sebagai berikut:Lpp: 120,5 meterB: 19,3 meter H: 11,4 meter T: 8,4 meterType : General Cargo

1.6. Lembar 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1.7. JawabanPanjang garis air (Length on water line) (Lwl)Lwl = (1 + 4 %)Lpp = (0,04)125,1 = 125,320 meterPanjang Displacement (Length of Displacement) (L.disp.)

Ldisp.= (Lwl + Lpp)

= (125,320 + 120,500) = 122,910 meterVolume Displacement (V Disp)

Vdisp = Lpp x B x T Cb()pp = 120,500 x 19,30 x 8,40 x 0,69 = 13479,467 m3Menentukan radius bilga R = 0.16 x T = 0.16 x 8,40 = 1,344 meterLuasan Midship (MidShip section Area)(AM)AMidship= B T 2 ( R2 1/4 R2 ) = 19,30 x 8,40 2 ( 1,344 )2 1/4 x 3,14 x ( 1,344 )2 = 161,343 m2

Koefisien Midship (MidShip Coeficient)(Cm().)

Cm() = AMidship / B T = 161,343 / (19,30 x 8,40 = 0.995

Koefisien Block (Block Coeficient) (Cb())Koefisien blok displacement (CbDisp.)

/ ( L Disp B. T ) = 13479.467 / ( 122,467 x 19,30 8,40 ) = 0,676

1. Koefisien blok water line (Cb()WL.)

(Cb()WL.=Cb pp / ( Lpp / Lwl ) = 0.69 / ( 120,5 x 125,320 ) = 0,663

Koefisien Prismatik (Prismatic Coeficient)(Cp()

Merupakan perbandingan antara volume badan kapal yang tercelup air (volume displacement) dengan volume sebuah prisma dengan luas penampang MidShip (AM) dan panjang L, yang dirumuskan sebagai :

Cb Disp / Cm = 0.676 / 0,995 = 0.680

Langkah-langkah membuat Curve of Sectional Area (CSA)

Station% A StationA Station

00.0000.000

110.00016.134

227.30744.058

348.07777.569

467.307108.595

581.923132.177

691.154147.071

796.923156.379

898.846159.481

9100.000161.343

10100.000161.343

11100.000161.343

12100.000161.343

1397.692157.619

1493.461150.793

1583.704135.051

1670.000112.940

1750.74181.867

1830.00048.403

1910.74117.330

200.0000.000

Berdasarkan diagram NSP pada lengkung b dengan Cp() = 0,68 diperoleh harga e = 0,385 %, maka jarak LCBNSP dari midship adalah : LCBDisp = e L.disp. = 0,385% (122,910) = 0,473 m .................................(di depan Midship L.Disp)Sedangkan LCBNSP dirumuskan sebagaiLCBNSP = LCBDisp 1/2(Lwl Lpp) = 0,473 1/2 (125,320 120,500 ) = -1,973m............................ (di belakang Midship kapal)StationA StationFSA Station.FSFMA Station.FS.FM

-20.0000.40.000-10.80.000

-14.0301.66.448-10.4-67.059

AP9.0731.412.702-10-127.015

130.1754120.700-9-1086.300

262.5452125.090-8-1000.720

394.6134378.450-7-2649.150

4121.8902243.780-6-1462.680

5140.2284560.910-5-2804.550

6152.1732304.345-4-1217.380

7158.2234632.890-3-1898.670

8160.4132320.825-2-641.650

9161.3434645.370-1-645.370

10161.3432322.68500.000

11161.3434645.3701645.370

12160.4352320.8702641.740

13155.8354623.34031870.020

14146.9752293.95041175.800

15129.0954516.38052581.900

16105.3252210.65061263.900

1773.4634293.85072056.950

1839.880279.7608638.080

1913.018452.0709468.630

FP0.00010.00010.000

6710,435-2258,154

Jarak antar station

h = Volume Simpson

= 13476,789 m3 LCB Simpson

= -2,027 m

Koreksi-koreksi :

Volume = 0,0199 %

sarat untuk koreksi yang diijinkan adalah : 0,5%

LCB 0,0749 %

Sarat koreksi yang diijinkan untuk LCB adalah : 0,1%

Sarat (T)Lebar (B)RA midshipSheet1TABEL LUAS STATIONNo. StationProsentase LuasLuasLuasFaktorLuas ST*FSLenganProduk 2 =Terhadap Luas MidshipMidship (m2)Station (m2)SimpsonProduk 1MomentProduk 1 * LMEND0.00117.35700.250.000-10.50.000Midship Cantpart0.01117.3571.5211.520-10.25-15.580AP0.03117.3573.840.752.880-10-28.8000.50.08117.3579.130218.260-9.5-173.47010.14117.35716.060116.060-9-144.5401.50.21117.35724.220248.440-8.5-411.74020.28117.35732.6601.548.990-8-391.92030.43117.35750.8504203.400-7-1423.80040.58117.35768.4002136.800-6-820.80050.73117.35785.2804341.120-5-1705.60060.86117.357100.5702201.140-4-804.56070.96117.357112.5604450.240-3-1350.72081.00117.357117.3572234.714-2-469.42891.00117.357117.3574469.428-1-469.428101.00117.357117.3572234.71400.000111.00117.357117.3574469.4281469.428121.00117.357117.3572234.7142469.428130.96117.357112.3604449.44031348.320140.85117.35799.4802198.9604795.840150.71117.35783.8114335.24451676.220160.57117.35766.6402133.2806799.680170.41117.35748.4704193.88071357.160180.26117.35730.9501.546.4258371.40018.50.19117.35722.640245.2808.5384.880190.12117.35714.640114.6409131.76019.50.06117.3576.910213.8209.5131.290FP0.00117.35700.50.000100.0004542.817-274.980LCB =-0.2860DISPLACEMENT =7154.936775teori displacement =7145.22427136lcb teori =-0.286koreksi displasement0.135930004koreksi lcb0.0026814021Cbwl =0.6026844444

Sheet2

Sheet3

MBD00028EFC.unknown

MBD0002B816.unknown