modellembagadomain id
TRANSCRIPT
BENTUK MODEL KELEMBAGAAN SISTEM NAMA DOMAIN INTERNET
UNTUK INDONESIA
BENTUK MODEL KELEMBAGAAN SISTEM NAMA DOMAIN INTERNET
UNTUK INDONESIA
Paparan oleh
Sukarno Abdulrachman
Paparan oleh
Sukarno Abdulrachman
Pembentukan Lembaga Pengelolaan Nama DomainJakarta, 19-20 Januari 2005
2
RingkasanRingkasan
Menemukan dan mengembangkan MODEL melalui pengamatan POLA PIKIR, PANDANGAN & SOLUSI di berbagai belahan dunia
Paparan tidak membahas MODEL secara teknis operasional, melainkan KONSEPTUAL
Menemukan dan mengembangkan MODEL melalui pengamatan POLA PIKIR, PANDANGAN & SOLUSI di berbagai belahan dunia
Paparan tidak membahas MODEL secara teknis operasional, melainkan KONSEPTUAL
3
Isi PaparanIsi Paparan1. Pengelolaan Internet – Internet Governance
a. Tantangan b. Ciri-ciri / Sifat Pengelolaan
2. Sistem Nama Domain se-Dunia,ICANN
3. Fungsi/ tugas Lembaga4. Kerja-sama Internasional5. Benchmarking auDA, CIRA6. Kesimpulan dan Saran
1. Pengelolaan Internet – Internet Governance a. Tantangan b. Ciri-ciri / Sifat Pengelolaan
2. Sistem Nama Domain se-Dunia,ICANN
3. Fungsi/ tugas Lembaga4. Kerja-sama Internasional5. Benchmarking auDA, CIRA6. Kesimpulan dan Saran
Hal
5
9
16
212231
Referensi-referensi
1. Presentation Mr. Stuart Lynn, Former President ICANN, Cornell University, 28 Juni 2005
2. Kajian Lembaga Internet Indonesia, DepKomInfo, 2005
3. ICANN, auDA, CIRA, CENTR, APTLD, dll.
Referensi-referensi
1. Presentation Mr. Stuart Lynn, Former President ICANN, Cornell University, 28 Juni 2005
2. Kajian Lembaga Internet Indonesia, DepKomInfo, 2005
3. ICANN, auDA, CIRA, CENTR, APTLD, dll.
Internet Governance/Pengelolaan InternetInternet Governance/Pengelolaan Internet
6
What Is Internet Governance?
What Is Internet Governance? Broad View
Social Policy Issues Spam Cybercrime Terrorism Pornography Copyrights
Economic Policy Issues Haves vs Have Nots Taxation
Legal Enforcement
Broad View Social Policy Issues
Spam Cybercrime Terrorism Pornography Copyrights
Economic Policy Issues Haves vs Have Nots Taxation
Legal Enforcement
Narrow View
Central CoordinationNamesNumbersEtc
Internet Stability (ITU vs ICANN)
Narrow View
Central CoordinationNamesNumbersEtc
Internet Stability (ITU vs ICANN)
7
Tantangan dalam Pengelolaan Internet
Tantangan dalam Pengelolaan Internet
Trans-jurisdictional (Melintasi batas-batas Negara) Nations, states, etc.
Rapid change (Perubahan Cepat Sekali) Instant obsolescence
Porous (Terbuka) Open to “all” and “everything”
Lack of ”situs” (Lokasi fisik tidak menentu) Anywhere, any place, any time
Conflicting interests (Konflik Kepentingan - Disputes)
Dan lain-lain
Trans-jurisdictional (Melintasi batas-batas Negara) Nations, states, etc.
Rapid change (Perubahan Cepat Sekali) Instant obsolescence
Porous (Terbuka) Open to “all” and “everything”
Lack of ”situs” (Lokasi fisik tidak menentu) Anywhere, any place, any time
Conflicting interests (Konflik Kepentingan - Disputes)
Dan lain-lain
8
Ciri-ciri / Sifat-sifat Pengelolaan Internet
(Juga untuk Pengelolaan Domain)
Ciri-ciri / Sifat-sifat Pengelolaan Internet
(Juga untuk Pengelolaan Domain) Governance should be characterized by:
Democratic & transparent processes Open participation
Governments, private sector, civil society etc
Avoidance of undue influence, capture Efficient management, decision-making
Kompetisi, dimana mungkin
Governance should be characterized by: Democratic & transparent processes Open participation
Governments, private sector, civil society etc
Avoidance of undue influence, capture Efficient management, decision-making
Kompetisi, dimana mungkin
9
The Domain Name SystemThe Domain Name System
10
Domain NamesDomain Names
In place of a hard to remember number IP (Internet Protocol) address 128.82.48.10
Use an easy to remember domain name www.msl.net
In place of a hard to remember number IP (Internet Protocol) address 128.82.48.10
Use an easy to remember domain name www.msl.net
11
The Domain Name Hierarchy
The Domain Name Hierarchy
Cnet.com
.com .biz . . .
abc.or.id
or.id
.uk . . .
The RootRoot
Top Level Domains
Second Level Domains
Global TLDs ccTLDs
Third Level Domains
.edu .id
12
The Domain Name System /Process
The Domain Name System /Process
RootServer
RootServer
DomainName
Resolver
abc.msl.net??
IP Address
of.net
Registry
IP Address ofabc.msl.net
RootServer
USER ISP REGISTRY
.msl.net Registry
IP Address
of.msl.net Registry
..net Registry
RootZoneFile
ICANN
NAME SERVERS
RegisterDomainNames
REGISTRAR(S)
ICANN ICANN
Internet Corporation for Assigned
Names and Numbers
Internet Corporation for Assigned
Names and Numbers
14
ICANN MissionICANN Mission Coordinate allocation/assignment of Internet unique
identifiers Names, addresses, protocol numbers
Coordinate operation/evolution of DNS Stability
Coordinate policy development Reasonably/appropriately related
Promote core values Stability, delegation, consensus Competition, market mechanisms Openness, transparency, fairness, accountability Respect for role of governments
Coordinate allocation/assignment of Internet unique identifiers Names, addresses, protocol numbers
Coordinate operation/evolution of DNS Stability
Coordinate policy development Reasonably/appropriately related
Promote core values Stability, delegation, consensus Competition, market mechanisms Openness, transparency, fairness, accountability Respect for role of governments
15
ICANN Organization (2005)ICANN Organization (2005)
GACGovernment
Advisory Council
ALACAt-Large
Advisory Council
CCNSOCountry Code Names
Supporting Organization
GNSOGeneric Names
Supporting Organization
ASOAddress
Supporting Organization
ICANNBoard of Directors
President/CEOStaff
Ombudsman
At Large Advisory Committee
Liaison
Security & StabilityAdvisory Committee
Liaison
Root System ServerAdvisory Committee
Liaison
Technical LiaisonGroup(IETF)
GACGovernment
Advisory Council
ALACAt-Large
Advisory Council
CCNSOCountry Code Names
Supporting Organization
GNSOGeneric Names
Supporting Organization
ASOAddress
Supporting Organization
ICANNBoard of Directors
16
ccTLD Managers objectives
(CENTR)
ccTLD Managers objectives
(CENTR) • ccTLD Managers will operate under the
law of the country or territory where they are located
A ccTLD Manager is entrusted with the management of the ccTLD, but has no interest in intellectual property rights in the 2 letter code
A ccTLD Manager should be equitable and fair to all eligible registrants and operate the database with accuracy, robustness, and resilience
• ccTLD Managers will operate under the law of the country or territory where they are located
A ccTLD Manager is entrusted with the management of the ccTLD, but has no interest in intellectual property rights in the 2 letter code
A ccTLD Manager should be equitable and fair to all eligible registrants and operate the database with accuracy, robustness, and resilience
“Manager” = Lembaga / Badan
17
The Local Internet Community
(CENTR)
The Local Internet Community
(CENTR) • Public and private sector (commercial, non
commercial, users, government)
• Authority of the ccTLD manager comes from serving the LIC
• The LIC has the overall responsibility for local policies and will coordinate these policies with respect to the technical operability of the Registry
• The role of the IANA as a DNS support service is accepted and supported by ccTLD community
• Public and private sector (commercial, non commercial, users, government)
• Authority of the ccTLD manager comes from serving the LIC
• The LIC has the overall responsibility for local policies and will coordinate these policies with respect to the technical operability of the Registry
• The role of the IANA as a DNS support service is accepted and supported by ccTLD community
”Local” = negara y.b.s.
18
Why is Public / Private sector partnership important?
Why is Public / Private sector partnership important?
Internet technology is changing too fast for many international organisations/forums
The Internet is a “self organizing”network (not following set paths) shows that traditional “regulations”will not work. The system will automatically find a path around any “restriction”.
Consensus based Policy at National and International level should result in light weight market driven improvements to services to the Internet users.
• Improvements in services is good for development of society and economic growth.
Internet technology is changing too fast for many international organisations/forums
The Internet is a “self organizing”network (not following set paths) shows that traditional “regulations”will not work. The system will automatically find a path around any “restriction”.
Consensus based Policy at National and International level should result in light weight market driven improvements to services to the Internet users.
• Improvements in services is good for development of society and economic growth.
19
Top Level Domain Manager / Administrator
Top Level Domain Manager / Administrator
Kembangkan Best Practice for ccTLD Manager (Lihat halaman berikut)
Kembangkan ‘Guidelines on the operation of ccTLD registry‘
Partisipasi dalam menyusun ‘Policies for registry’, berdasarkan “azas-azas”: self-organised regulation bottom-up authority consensus transparency cooperation based on trust and fairness
Kembangkan Best Practice for ccTLD Manager (Lihat halaman berikut)
Kembangkan ‘Guidelines on the operation of ccTLD registry‘
Partisipasi dalam menyusun ‘Policies for registry’, berdasarkan “azas-azas”: self-organised regulation bottom-up authority consensus transparency cooperation based on trust and fairness
20
Best Practices -Scope Best Practices -Scope Duties of the ccTLD Manager Process to Define the Local Internet
Community Process to Register Domain Names Registrant Policies Technical Requirements Relationship with IANA Financial Basis of Operation Subcontracting Data Security Domain Name Dispute Resolution
Duties of the ccTLD Manager Process to Define the Local Internet
Community Process to Register Domain Names Registrant Policies Technical Requirements Relationship with IANA Financial Basis of Operation Subcontracting Data Security Domain Name Dispute Resolution
21
Kerjasama Internasionalantar Pengelola Nama
Domain
Kerjasama Internasionalantar Pengelola Nama
Domain (contoh) Council of European National Top
Level Domain Registries (CENTR). Not-for-profit organisation, based in Oxford, Salzburg and Brussels. Established March 1998. 45 anggota
(contoh) APTLD (Asia Pacific Top Level Domain Association) is an organisation for ccTLD (country-code Top Level Domain) registries in Asia Pacific region. Established in 1998, and in 2003 legally
established in Malaysia. 18 anggota
(contoh) Council of European National Top Level Domain Registries (CENTR). Not-for-profit organisation, based in Oxford, Salzburg and Brussels. Established March 1998. 45 anggota
(contoh) APTLD (Asia Pacific Top Level Domain Association) is an organisation for ccTLD (country-code Top Level Domain) registries in Asia Pacific region. Established in 1998, and in 2003 legally
established in Malaysia. 18 anggota
22
au Domain Administration Ltd. (auDA)au Domain Administration Ltd. (auDA)
About auDA .au Domain Administration Ltd (auDA) is the
policy authority and industry self-regulatory body for the .au domain space.
Role of auDA auDA carries out the following functions: develop and implement domain name policy license 2LD registry operators accredit and license registrars implement consumer safeguards facilitate .au Dispute Resolution Policy represent .au at ICANN and other international
fora.
About auDA .au Domain Administration Ltd (auDA) is the
policy authority and industry self-regulatory body for the .au domain space.
Role of auDA auDA carries out the following functions: develop and implement domain name policy license 2LD registry operators accredit and license registrars implement consumer safeguards facilitate .au Dispute Resolution Policy represent .au at ICANN and other international
fora.
23
Tentang auDATentang auDA
Delegate for .au and all .au 2LDs (dapat dilimpahkan)
Industry self-regulatory body Non-profit organisation
Membership-basedsupply, demand, representative assoc
13 directors11 elected by members, 2 appointed
3 fulltime staff
Delegate for .au and all .au 2LDs (dapat dilimpahkan)
Industry self-regulatory body Non-profit organisation
Membership-basedsupply, demand, representative assoc
13 directors11 elected by members, 2 appointed
3 fulltime staff
24
Tentang auDATentang auDA Implement consumer safeguardsFacilitate .au Dispute Resolution
Policy Represent .au internationally
ICANN, ccTLD, APTLD, dll.
Policy: Manage .au in the public interest Preserve security and integrity of the DNS Promote development of competitive
industry Protect interests of Registrants
Implement consumer safeguardsFacilitate .au Dispute Resolution
Policy Represent .au internationally
ICANN, ccTLD, APTLD, dll.
Policy: Manage .au in the public interest Preserve security and integrity of the DNS Promote development of competitive
industry Protect interests of Registrants
25
Industry Structure (Australia)
auDA
Registry
Reseller ResellerReseller
Registrant
Registrar Registrar Registrar
Registrant
Registrant
26
Registry (Australia)[AusRegistry Pty Ltd]Registry (Australia)[AusRegistry Pty Ltd]
Licensed by auDA appointed by competitive tender
Operate registry for one or more 2LDs Technical functions
run nameservers maintain database of domain names receive approved registrations from Registrars operate WHOIS service
Appointed by auDA in December 2001 4 year licence to operate registry for 5 2LDs
asn.au, com.au, id.au, net.au, org.au Must meet auDA technical specifications
Licensed by auDA appointed by competitive tender
Operate registry for one or more 2LDs Technical functions
run nameservers maintain database of domain names receive approved registrations from Registrars operate WHOIS service
Appointed by auDA in December 2001 4 year licence to operate registry for 5 2LDs
asn.au, com.au, id.au, net.au, org.au Must meet auDA technical specifications
27
Canada (CIRA)Canada (CIRA) Canadian Internet Registration Authority
(CIRA); Not-for-profit corporation for managing the .ca domain space in the public interest. (1998)
1999. Canadian government recognized CIRA as the new administrator of the .ca.
Government set the general principles and structure of CIRA to administer the .ca domain space.
2000. Agreement between Gov and CIRA
Canadian Internet Registration Authority (CIRA); Not-for-profit corporation for managing the .ca domain space in the public interest. (1998)
1999. Canadian government recognized CIRA as the new administrator of the .ca.
Government set the general principles and structure of CIRA to administer the .ca domain space.
2000. Agreement between Gov and CIRA
28
Tentang CIRATentang CIRA
The general principles are: Open and transparent, that ensures wide
public access to all relevant information; following fair and sound business practices;
Appropriate balance of representation, accountability and diversity on the Board of Directors for all categories of stakeholders;
Service quick and easy, priced competitively;
The general principles are: Open and transparent, that ensures wide
public access to all relevant information; following fair and sound business practices;
Appropriate balance of representation, accountability and diversity on the Board of Directors for all categories of stakeholders;
Service quick and easy, priced competitively;
29
Tentang CIRATentang CIRA
The general principles are: Reducing conflicts between persons granted
domain names and other rights holders, including trade-marks or business names; and
Administering a system that facilitates and encourages entry for new players including registrars.
Volunteer Board of Directors (14 members) – policy setting 3 Directors (representing User Community,
Industry, Registrars) 9 Directors elected by mCIRA members 2 Ex-officio members non voting (Gov + CEO)
The general principles are: Reducing conflicts between persons granted
domain names and other rights holders, including trade-marks or business names; and
Administering a system that facilitates and encourages entry for new players including registrars.
Volunteer Board of Directors (14 members) – policy setting 3 Directors (representing User Community,
Industry, Registrars) 9 Directors elected by mCIRA members 2 Ex-officio members non voting (Gov + CEO)
30
LIIBOARD
PO
LIC
YO
PR
’NT
GAC
-Postel-Kominfo-Indag-POLRI-TNI
NGAC
-Mastel-ISOC-ID-FTII-ATSI-Portal-Webhost-IndoWLI-Awari-Etc…
At L
arge
Mem
bersh
ips
3 2 2 3
29 Presidentand CEO
Sek
retariat
IP Registrars
DomainRegistrars
ASOTerdiri dari:-APJII-Napsindo-TLKM, -Indosat, dll
DNSO-gTLD-ccTLD-Registrars
2 32 2 ACCSAkreditasi & Sertifikasi
CERTID-FirstID-Cert
EtcLain-2
BadanPenyelesaian
Sengketa
Struktur Organisasi LII
Keterangan:GAC: Government Advisory CommitteeNGAC: Non Government Advisory CommitteeASO: Address Supporting OrganizationDNSO: Domain Name Supporting OrganizationACCS: Accreditation and Sertification OrganizationCERT: Computer Emergency Response TeamBadan Penyelesaian sengketaEtc: Lain2, disiapkan untuk perangkat lembaga lainnya
Kajian Lembaga Internet Indonesia, hal 48
31
Kesimpulan & Sarantentang
Bentuk Model LembagaPengelola Nama Domain Indonesia
Kesimpulan & Sarantentang
Bentuk Model LembagaPengelola Nama Domain Indonesia
1. Lembaga menyandang tugas sebagai Manager / Administrator Top Level Domain, dengan Dewan Pimpinan (Board) yang integritasnya tinggi, peduli akan kemajuan Internet di Indonesia. Organisasi adalah “Not for Profit”.
2. Pada dasarnya Lembaga adalah juga Registry, tetapi tugas itu dapat juga didelegasikan ke badan lain, komersial, yang berkualifikasi teknis (dasar kontrak) –pola Australia
1. Lembaga menyandang tugas sebagai Manager / Administrator Top Level Domain, dengan Dewan Pimpinan (Board) yang integritasnya tinggi, peduli akan kemajuan Internet di Indonesia. Organisasi adalah “Not for Profit”.
2. Pada dasarnya Lembaga adalah juga Registry, tetapi tugas itu dapat juga didelegasikan ke badan lain, komersial, yang berkualifikasi teknis (dasar kontrak) –pola Australia
32
Kesimpulan & SaranKesimpulan & Saran3. Lembaga merupakan Public-Private
Partnership, dengan pendekatan “industry selfregulation”, dimana intervensi Pemerintah dibuat minimal / sekecil mungkin,
4. Lembaga memiliki tugas mewakili “komunitas Internet Indonesia” di berbagai forum Internasional, sejauh mengenai masalah (sistem) nama domain – ICANN, IANA, APTLD, ITU (?)
5. Azas-azas harus ditetapkan dan pegang teguh, a.l. transparansi, pendekatan konsensus, fairness.
3. Lembaga merupakan Public-Private Partnership, dengan pendekatan “industry selfregulation”, dimana intervensi Pemerintah dibuat minimal / sekecil mungkin,
4. Lembaga memiliki tugas mewakili “komunitas Internet Indonesia” di berbagai forum Internasional, sejauh mengenai masalah (sistem) nama domain – ICANN, IANA, APTLD, ITU (?)
5. Azas-azas harus ditetapkan dan pegang teguh, a.l. transparansi, pendekatan konsensus, fairness.
33
Kesimpulan & SaranKesimpulan & Saran6.Perangkat-perangkat
dikembangkan dan dipraktekkan dengan patuh-azas, sehingga terbentuk Best Practices yang dapat dipertanggung jawabkan.
7.Lembaga berpartisipasi dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa (perlu didalami, dan dilaksanakan sesuai arahan/ guidelines ICANN, dls)
8.Bila mungkin, adakan benchmarking ke 2-3 negara.
6.Perangkat-perangkat dikembangkan dan dipraktekkan dengan patuh-azas, sehingga terbentuk Best Practices yang dapat dipertanggung jawabkan.
7.Lembaga berpartisipasi dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa (perlu didalami, dan dilaksanakan sesuai arahan/ guidelines ICANN, dls)
8.Bila mungkin, adakan benchmarking ke 2-3 negara.
