dataspace.princeton.edu€¦ · migrasi atau pergerakan penduduk merupakan salah satu faktor yang...

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LAPORAN PENYIASATAN MIGRASI

MIGRATION SURVEY REPORT

MALAYSIA 2011

JABATAN PERANGKAAN MALAYSIA DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS, MALAYSIA

DISEMBER DECEMBER 2012

iii

KATA PENGANTAR

Laporan Penyiasatan Migrasi, Malaysia, 2011 membentangkan anggaran pergerakan, arah

aliran dan magnitud penduduk di peringkat negeri serta maklumat ciri demografi dan

sosioekonomi migran yang diperoleh daripada Penyiasatan Migrasi 2011.

Migrasi atau pergerakan penduduk merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi

perubahan struktur penduduk kesan daripada perubahan situasi ekonomi dan sosial sesuatu

kawasan dalam tempoh tertentu. Pada amnya, arah aliran dan ciri migran yang berbeza akan

memberi impak yang berlainan bagi negeri/kawasan asal dan destinasinya. Maklumat yang

dibentangkan dalam laporan ini diharap dapat membantu perancang dan pengkaji dalam

melihat ciri-ciri penduduk migran dan bukan migran, seterusnya menjadi input kepada

perancangan dan pembangunan sosioekonomi negara.

Jabatan merakamkan penghargaan kepada semua pihak yang memberikan kerjasama dan

seterusnya menyumbang kepada penyediaan laporan ini. Sebarang ulasan dan cadangan ke

arah penambahbaikan laporan ini amat dialu-alukan dan dihargai.

DR. HAJI ABDUL RAHMAN BIN HASAN

Ketua Perangkawan Malaysia

Disember 2012

iv

PREFACE

The Migration Survey Report, Malaysia, 2011 presents estimates of the population’s

movement, flow and magnitude at state level, as well as the demographic and socioeconomic

characteristics of migrants obtained from the Migration Survey 2011.

Migration or the movement of people is one of the factors that influence changes in the

population structure brought about by changes in social and economic situation of a particular

area during a specific period. Generally, different type of flows and characteristics of

migrants will have different impact on the state/area of origin and destination. It is hoped that

the information presented in this report accommodates the planners and researchers in

analysing the migrant and non-migrant population characteristics, as well as an input to the

country’s socioeconomic planning and development.

The Department would like to express gratitude to all parties who had co-operated and

contributed towards the preparation of this report. Comments and suggestions towards

improving this report are very much welcomed and appreciated.

DR. HAJI ABDUL RAHMAN BIN HASAN

Chief Statistician, Malaysia

December 2012

v

KANDUNGAN CONTENTS

Muka surat Page

Kata pengantar Preface

iii

Senarai jadual List of tables

vi

Senarai lampiran List of appendices

ix

Ringkasan Penemuan Summary Findings

Corak dan trend migrasi di Malaysia Migration pattern and trend in Malaysia

1

Migrasi mengikut negeri Migration by state

2

Migrasi mengikut strata Migration by stratum

8

Ciri-ciri sosiodemografi migran Sociodemographic characteristics of migrants

8

Ciri-ciri guna tenaga migran Characteristics of employed migrants

10

Sebab penghijrahan Reasons for migration

11

Jadual utama Main tables

13

Nota teknikal Technical notes

35

Lampiran Appendix

55

vi

SENARAI JADUAL LIST OF TABLES

Jadual Table

JADUAL UTAMA MAIN TABLES

Muka surat Page

1 Perangkaan utama migrasi, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011

Key migration statistics, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

13

2 Bilangan dan taburan peratus migran masuk mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011

Number and percentage distribution of in-migrants by state, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

14

3 Bilangan dan taburan peratus migran keluar mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011

Number and percentage distribution of out-migrants by state, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

15

4 Bilangan migrasi bersih mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011

Number of net migration by state, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

16

PENDUDUK BERUMUR 1 TAHUN DAN LEBIH

POPULATION AGED 1 YEAR AND OVER

5 Taburan peratus migran daripada penduduk mengikut negeri destinasi dan taraf migrasi, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Percentage distribution of migrants from the population by state of destination and migration status, Malaysia, 2010–2011

17

6 Bilangan dan kadar migrasi masuk, keluar, bersih & kasar dan nisbah keberkesanan migrasi penduduk berumur 1 tahun dan lebih mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Number and rate of in, out, net & gross migration and migration effectiveness ratio of population aged 1 year and over by state, Malaysia, 2010–2011

18

7 Bilangan migran dalaman mengikut negeri asal dan destinasi, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Number of internal migrants by state of origin and destination, Malaysia, 2010–2011

19

vii

Jadual Table

Muka surat Page

8 Taburan peratus migran dalaman mengikut strata (arah aliran

migrasi), Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011

Percentage distribution of internal migrants by stratum (migration flow), Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

20

9 Taburan peratus migran dalam negeri dan migran antara negeri mengikut negeri dan strata (arah aliran migrasi), Malaysia, 2010–2011

Percentage distribution of intra-state and inter-state migrants by state and stratum (migration (migration flow), Malaysia, 2010–2011

21

10 Bilangan dan taburan peratus migran dalaman mengikut jantina dan kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011

Number and percentage distribution of internal migrants by sex and age group, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

22

11 Kadar migrasi dalaman mengikut kumpulan umur dan jantina, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Internal migration rate by age group and sex, Malaysia, 2010–2011

23

12 Nisbah jantina migran dalaman dan bukan migran mengikut kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Sex ratio of internal migrants and non-migrants by age group, Malaysia, 2010–2011

23

13 Bilangan dan taburan peratus migran dalaman berumur 1 tahun dan lebih mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011

Number and percentage distribution of internal migrants aged 1 year and over by ethnic group, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

24

14 Kadar migrasi dalaman mengikut kumpulan etnik dan jantina, Malaysia, 2010–2011 Internal migration rate by ethnic group and sex, Malaysia, 2010–2011

24

15 Taburan peratus migran dalaman dan bukan migran berumur 1 tahun dan lebih mengikut kumpulan etnik dan strata destinasi, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Percentage distribution of internal migrants and non-migrants aged 1 year and over by ethnic group and stratum of destination, Malaysia, 2010–2011

25

16 Bilangan dan taburan peratus sebab-sebab penghijrahan penduduk, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011

Number and percentage distribution of reasons for migration of population, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

26

viii

PENDUDUK BERUMUR 15–64 TAHUN

POPULATION AGED 15–64 YEARS

Jadual Table

Muka surat Page

17 Bilangan dan kadar migrasi masuk, keluar, bersih & kasar dan

nisbah keberkesanan migrasi penduduk berumur 15–64 mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Number and rate of in, out, net & gross migration and migration effectiveness ratio of population aged 15–64 years by state, Malaysia, 2010–2011

27

18 Bilangan migran dalaman berumur 15–64 tahun mengikut negeri asal dan destinasi, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Number of internal migrants aged 15–64 years by state of origin and destination, Malaysia, 2010–2011

28

19 Taburan peratus migran dalaman dan bukan migran berumur 15–64 tahun mengikut kumpulan umur dan jantina, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Percentage distribution of internal migrants and non-migrants aged 15–64 years by age group and sex, Malaysia, 2010–2011

29

20 Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh bagi migran dalaman dan bukan migran mengikut kumpulan umur dan jantina, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Labour force participation rates of internal migrants and non-migrants by age group and sex, Malaysia, 2010–2011

30

21 Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh bagi migran dalaman dan bukan migran mengikut strata (arah aliran migrasi) dan jantina, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Labour force participation rates of internal migrants and non-migrants by stratum (migration flow) and sex, Malaysia, 2010–2011

30

22 Taburan peratus migran dalaman dan bukan migran yang bekerja mengikut taraf pekerjaan, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Percentage distribution of employed internal migrants and non-migrants by status in employment, Malaysia, 2010–2011

31

23 Taburan peratus migran dalaman dan bukan migran yang bekerja mengikut pekerjaan, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Percentage distribution of employed internal migrants and non-migrants by occupation, Malaysia, 2010–2011

31

24 Taburan peratus migran dalaman yang bekerja mengikut pekerjaan dan strata (arah aliran migrasi), Malaysia, 2010–2011

Percentage distribution of employed internal migrants by occupation and stratum (migration flow), Malaysia, 2010–2011

32

ix

Jadual Table

Muka surat Page

25 Taburan peratus migran dalaman yang bekerja mengikut

industri, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Percentage distribution of employed internal migrants by industry, Malaysia, 2010–2011

33

SENARAI LAMPIRAN

LIST OF APPENDICES

Lampiran Appendix

Muka surat Page

1 Ralat piawai relatif bagi anggaran kadar migrasi dalaman

penduduk berumur 1 tahun dan lebih mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Relative standard error of estimation for internal migration rate of population aged 1 year and over by state, Malaysia, 2010–2011

55

2 Ralat piawai relatif bagi anggaran kadar migrasi dalaman penduduk berumur 15–64 tahun mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Relative standard error of estimation for internal migration rate of population aged 15–64 years by state, Malaysia, 2010–2011

56

3 Bilangan dan taburan peratus migran dalaman dan bukan migran berumur 15–64 tahun mengikut pencapaian pendidikan, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Number and percentage distribution of internal migrants and non-migrants aged 15–64 years by educational attainment, Malaysia, 2010–2011

57

4 Piawaian taburan peratus migran dalaman mengikut pencapaian pendidikan yang berasaskan taburan peratus bukan migran, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Standardisation of percentage distribution of internal migrants by educational attainment based on the percentage distribution of non-migrants, Malaysia, 2010–2011

57

5 Bilangan dan taburan peratus migran dalaman dan bukan migran berumur 15–64 tahun mengikut taraf perkahwinan, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Number and percentage distribution of internal migrants and non-migrants aged 15–64 years by marital status, Malaysia, 2010–2011

58

x

Lampiran Appendix

Muka surat Page

6 Piawaian taburan peratus migran dalaman mengikut pencapaian

pendidikan yang berasaskan taburan peratus bukan migran, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Standardisation of percentage distribution of internal migrants by educational attainment based on the percentage distribution of non-migrants, Malaysia, 2010–2011

58

PENEMUAN FINDINGS

RINGKASAN PENEMUAN

SUMMARY FINDINGS

Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2011 1

CORAK DAN TREND MIGRASI DI MALAYSIA

MIGRATION PATTERN AND TREND IN MALAYSIA

Kadar migrasi bagi tempoh 2010–2011 adalah 2.5 peratus iaitu sebanyak 711,600 orang telah berhijrah. Peratusan ini mencatatkan peningkatan sebanyak 0.6 mata peratus berbanding dengan kadar migrasi bagi tempoh 2009–2010 iaitu 1.9 peratus. Bilangan migran telah meningkat sebanyak 181,200 orang daripada jumlah 530,400 migran bagi tempoh sebelumnya.

Migration rate for the period 2010–2011 was 2.5 per cent which was 711,600 persons. This percentage increased by 0.6 percentage point compared to 2009–2010 period which was at 1.9 per cent. The number of migrants increased by 181,200 persons from a total of 530,400 migrants for the previous period.

Corak migrasi bagi tempoh 2010–2011 menunjukkan penduduk cenderung berhijrah dalam negeri yang sama. Sebahagian besar taburan migran terhasil daripada migran dalam negeri iaitu 59.0 peratus, diikuti migran antara negeri (27.8%) dan selebihnya 13.2 peratus daripada migran antarabangsa (tidak termasuk migran keluar dari Malaysia). Migran dalaman (migran dalam negeri dan migran antara negeri) mewakili 86.8 peratus daripada jumlah migran.

Migration pattern for the period 2010–2011 showed that the population tend to migrate within the same state. Majority of migrants were intra-state migrants at 59.0 per cent, followed by inter-state migrants (27.8%) while the remaining 13.2 per cent are international migrants (does not include emigrant from Malaysia). Internal migrants (intra and inter-state migrants) represent 86.8 per cent of the total migrants.

Carta 1: Taburan peratus penduduk berumur 1 tahun dan lebih mengikut taraf migrasi, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011 Chart 1: Percentage distribution of population aged 1 year and over by migration status, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

58.4%

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15.3%

98.1% Bukan

migran/ Non-

migrant

1.9% Migran/ Migrant

2009—2010

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27.8%

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97.5% Bukan

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Migran dalam negeri Intra-state migrants

Migran antara negeri Inter-state migrants

Migran antarabangsa International migrants

RINGKASAN PENEMUAN SUMMARY FINDINGS

2 Penyiasatan Migrasi/Migration Survey 2011

Perubahan migran dalam negeri bagi tempoh 2010–2011 menunjukkan peningkatan sebanyak 0.6 mata peratus berbanding tahun sebelumnya iaitu 58.4 peratus. Begitu juga dengan migran antara negeri meningkat sebanyak 1.5 mata peratus daripada 26.3 peratus. Namun begitu, peratusan migran antarabangsa menyusut sebanyak 2.1 mata peratus daripada 15.3 peratus (Carta 1).

The changes of intra-state migrants for the period 2010–2011 increased by 0.6 percentage point over the previous year which was 58.4 per cent. Similarly, inter-state migrants increased by 1.5 percentage point from 26.3 per cent. However, the percentage of international migrants declined by 2.1 percentage point from 15.3 per cent (Chart 1).

MIGRASI MENGIKUT NEGERI MIGRATION BY STATE Analisis migrasi peringkat negeri bagi tempoh 2010–2011 menunjukkan Pulau Pinang mencatatkan kadar migrasi tertinggi iaitu 4.4 peratus. Peratusan migrasi negeri ini meningkat sebanyak 0.6 mata peratus berbanding tahun sebelumnya. Peratusan ini disumbangkan oleh migran dalam negeri iaitu 2.7 peratus, diikuti migran antara negeri 1.2 peratus dan selebihnya migran antarabangsa 0.5 peratus.

The analysis of migration at state level for the period 2010–2011 found that Pulau Pinang recorded the highest migration rate at 4.4 per cen, a percentage increased of 0.6 points compared to the previous year. This was contributed by intra-state migrants at 2.7 per cent, followed by inter-state migrant 1.2 per cent and the rest were international migrants at 0.5 per cent.

Carta 2: Peratusan migran daripada penduduk mengikut negeri destinasi dan taraf migrasi, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011 Chart 2: Percentage distribution of migrants by state of destination and migration status, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

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Antara negeri Inter-state

Antarabangsa International

RINGKASAN PENEMUAN

SUMMARY FINDINGS


W.P. Putrajaya mencatatkan kadar migrasi kedua tertinggi sebanyak 3.8 peratus bagi tempoh 2010–2011; namun peratusan ini menurun sebanyak 0.8 mata peratus berbanding tempoh 2009–2010. Majoriti penduduk yang berhijrah ke W.P. Putrajaya adalah migran antara negeri dengan peratusan sebanyak 3.5 peratus dan migran antarabangsa pula sebanyak 0.3 peratus.

W.P. Putrajaya recorded the second highest migration rate at 3.8 per cent for the period 2010–2011; however this percentage declined by 0.8 percentage point compared to the 2009–2010 period. Majority of the migrants in W.P. Putrajaya were inter-state migrants with 3.5 per cent and international migrants at 0.3 per cent.

Sabah mencatatkan kadar migrasi ketiga tertinggi sebanyak 3.5 peratus bagi tempoh 2010–2011, peningkatan 0.3 mata peratus berbanding tempoh 2009–2010. Majoriti penduduk yang berhijrah di Sabah lebih tertumpu kepada migran dalam negeri dengan peratusan sebanyak 2.9 peratus. Manakala migran antara negeri dan migran antarabangsa pula sebanyak 0.4 dan 0.3 peratus.

Sabah recorded the third highest percentage of migration rate at 3.5 per cent for the period 2010–2011, an increase of 0.3 percentage point over the 2009–2010 period. Majority of the migrants contributed to the intra-state movement at 2.9 per cent, while the inter-state migrants and international migrants at 0.4 and 0.3 per cent.

W.P. Labuan dan W.P. Kuala Lumpur kekal mencatatkan kadar migrasi yang rendah masing-masing sebanyak 0.6 peratus dan 0.8 peratus.

W.P. Labuan and W.P. Kuala Lumpur remained as the states with the lowest migration rate at 0.6 and 0.8 per cent respectively.

Migrasi bersih Net migration Bagi tempoh 2010–2011, Selangor merupakan negeri destinasi utama migran dengan jumlah migran bersih sebanyak 17,700 orang, diikuti Pulau Pinang (8,800), Sarawak (5,500) dan Kelantan (3,200). Walaupun Pulau Pinang dan Kelantan kekal sebagai negeri penerima migran masuk bersih terbanyak, namun peratusan bagi kedua-dua negeri ini berkurangan masing-masing sebanyak 24.1 dan 58.4 mata peratus.

For the period 2010–2011, Selangor was the main migrant destination state with a total net migrant of 17,700 persons, followed by Pulau Pinang (8,800), Sarawak (5,500) and Kelantan (3,200). Although Pulau Pinang and Kelantan remained as the state with the highest net migration inflow, these two states however recorded a percentage decline by 24.1 and 58.4 percentage point.



Tiga negeri kekal sebagai negeri penghantar utama migran iaitu W.P. Kuala Lumpur, Johor dan Kedah masing-masing mencatatkan migran bersih sebanyak 14,100, 6,700 dan 2,700 orang. Trend migrasi bagi Selangor pula telah berubah dengan drastik daripada negeri penghantar kepada negeri penerima. Ini dibuktikan dengan migrasi bersih bagi 2009–2010 iaitu migran keluar sebanyak 15,200 orang kepada migran masuk sebanyak 17,700 orang bagi tempoh 2010–2011.

Three states remained as main migrant sending states, namely W.P. Kuala Lumpur, Johor and Kedah with a record of net migrants by 14,100, 6,700 and 2,700 persons respectively. Migration trend for Selangor had changed drastically from an out-migrant to an in-migrant state. This was proven with a net outflow of 15,200 migrants in 2009–2010 as against an inflow of 17,700 persons in 2010–2011.

Sarawak juga mengalami situasi yang sama seperti Selangor di mana berubah daripada negeri penghantar kepada negeri penerima migran.

Sarawak also experienced similar situation as Selangor, which had changed from sending to receiving state.

Carta 3: Migrasi bersih mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011 Chart 3: Net migration by state, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

Beberapa negeri lain mengalami perubahan trend daripada negeri penerima migran kepada negeri penghantar iaitu Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Terengganu dan W.P. Putrajaya.

Some other states had differed in migration trend from receiving to sending migrant state namely Melaka, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Perak, Terengganu and W.P. Putrajaya.

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RINGKASAN PENEMUAN

SUMMARY FINDINGS


Negeri Penerima Receiving State Selangor adalah negeri penerima utama migrasi bagi tempoh 2010–2011. W.P. Kuala Lumpur merupakan penyumbang utama migran masuk ke Selangor iaitu 17.7 peratus, diikuti Johor dan Sabah masing-masing 15.8 dan 11.5 peratus.

Selangor was the major receiving migration state for the period 2010–2011. W.P. Kuala Lumpur was the major migrant contributor at 7.7 per cent, followed by Johor and Sabah at 15.8 and 11.5 per cent respectively.

Negeri penerima kedua tertinggi ialah Pulau Pinang. Sebahagian besar migran masuk ke Pulau Pinang berasal dari negeri jiran iaitu Kedah (30.9%), Perak (17.8%) dan Perlis (9.6%). Selain dari negeri-negeri jiran ini, W.P. Kuala Lumpur (13.8%) juga penyumbang kepada migran masuk ke Pulau Pinang.

The second highest receiving state was Pulau Pinang. A large number of in migrants to Pulau Pinang came from the neighbouring states such as Kedah (30.9%), Perak (17.8%) and Perlis (9.6%). Apart from these neighbouring states, W.P. Kuala Lumpur (13.8%) also contributed to the migrants in Pulau Pinang.

Carta 4: Taburan peratus migran masuk ke Selangor dan Pulau Pinang mengikut negeri asal, Malaysia, 2010–2011 Chart 4: Percentage distribution of in-migrants to Selangor and Pulau Pinang by state of origin, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Negeri Penghantar Sending State W.P. Kuala Lumpur adalah negeri penghantar utama migrasi bagi tempoh 2010–2011. Penduduk yang berhijrah keluar kebanyakkannya menuju ke negeri jiran iaitu Selangor (34.4%). Selain itu, mereka juga memilih Kelantan (9.8%) dan Pulau Pinang (9.7%) sebagai negeri destinasi.

W.P. Kuala Lumpur was the major migration sending state for the period 2010–2011. Majority of the population who moved out headed to the neighbouring state, namely Selangor (34.4%). They also chose to move to Kelantan (9.8%) and Pulau Pinang (9.7%) as a destination state.

W.P. Kuala

Lumpur 17.7%

Johor 15.8%

Sabah 11.5% Perak

11.0%

Negeri Sembilan

8.6%

Pulau Pinang 8.1%

Kedah 7.1%

Pahang 6.8%

W.P. Putrajaya

4.3%

Kelantan 3.5%

Sarawak 3.1%

Negeri- negeri lain

Others states 2.4%

SELANGOR

Kedah 30.9%

Perak 17.8% W.P. Kuala

Lumpur 13.8%

Perlis 9.6%

Johor 6.7%

Selangor 6.6%

Negeri Sembilan

5.7%

Sarawak 3.8% Pahang

2.4% Negeri-

negeri lain Others states 2.7%

PULAU PINANG



Johor merupakan negeri penghantar kedua tertinggi. Aliran migran keluar bagi Johor adalah sama seperti W.P. Kuala Lumpur iaitu lebih tertumpu ke Selangor (37.4%). Selain Selangor, penduduk Johor juga memilih Melaka (10.8%) dan Perak (7.1%) sebagai negeri destinasi penghijrahan.

Johor was the second highest sending state. The flow of migrants out of Johor was the same as W.P. Kuala Lumpur that is centered on Selangor (37.4%). Besides Selangor, Johor residents also chose Melaka (10.8%) and Perak (7.1%) as the migration destination states.

Carta 5: Taburan peratus migran keluar dari W.P. Kuala Lumpur dan Johor mengikut negeri destinasi, Malaysia, 2010–2011 Chart 5: Percentage distribution of out-migrants from W.P. Kuala Lumpur and Johor by state of destination, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Nisbah Keberkesanan Pulau Pinang merekodkan nisbah keberkesanan migrasi tertinggi iaitu 31.4 peratus. Ini bermakna penduduk Pulau Pinang akan bertambah sebanyak 31 orang bagi setiap 100 orang yang berhijrah sama ada masuk atau keluar bagi negeri tersebut. Sebaliknya W.P. Labuan juga mencatatkan nisbah keberkesanan migrasi negatif iaitu 81.3 peratus. Ini bermakna, negeri tersebut kehilangan 81 orang bagi setiap 100 orang migran keluar atau masuk bagi negeri tersebut.

Effectiveness Ratio Pulau Pinang recorded the highest migration effectiveness ratio at 31.4 per cent. This indicated that Pulau Pinang population will gain 31 persons for every 100 interstate movement in and out of the state. In contrast, W.P. Labuan also recorded a high negative migration effectiveness ratio at 81.3 per cent. This mean that, the state lose 81 persons for every 100 interstate movemant in or out of the state.

Selangor 34.4%

Kelantan 9.8%

Pulau Pinang 9.7%

Johor 8.0%

Sabah 6.7%

Pahang 5.2%

Negeri Sembilan

4.3%

Melaka 3.3%

Terengganu 3.1%

Perak 2.6%

Kedah 9.8%

Negeri- negeri

lain Others states 3.2%

W.P. KUALA LUMPUR

Selangor 37.4%

Melaka 10.8%

Perak 7.1%

Kedah 6.9% Kelantan

6.5%

Negeri Sembilan

6.0%

Pahang 5.9%

Pulau Pinang 5.7%

Sabah 4.7%

W.P. Kuala Lumpur

3.1% Terengganu 2.9%

Sarawak 2.4%

Negeri- negeri lain

Others states 0.5%

JOHOR

RINGKASAN PENEMUAN

SUMMARY FINDINGS


Carta 6: Nisbah keberkesanan migrasi penduduk berumur 1 tahun dan lebih mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2010–2011 Chart 6: Migration effectiveness ratio of population aged 1 year and over by state, Malaysia, 2010–2011

MA

LAYS

IA



MIGRASI MENGIKUT STRATA MIGRATION BY STRATUM Bagi tempoh 2010–2011, pergerakan migran dari bandar ke bandar kekal sebagai pergerakan utama di Malaysia dengan 58.5 peratus. Peratusan ini didapati meningkat sebanyak 2.7 mata peratus berbanding tempoh 2009–2010. Sebaliknya, peratusan migran yang berhijrah dari luar bandar, sama ada ke destinasi bandar atau ke luar bandar didapati menurun dibandingkan dengan 2009–2010, iaitu masing-masing kepada 6.4 dan 10.7 peratus. Secara keseluruhannya, komposisi pergerakan penduduk mengikut arah aliran migrasi bagi tempoh 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011 adalah konsisten.

For the period 2010–2011, urban to urban migration remained a major movement in Malaysia at 58.5 per cent, an increase by 2.7 percentage point as compared to 2009–2010. In contrast, the percentage of migrants who moved from rural to either rural or urban destinations declined to 6.4 and 10.7 per cent respectively, as compared to 2009–2010. Overall, the compositions of population movement by stratum were consistent for the period 2009–2010 and 2010–2011.

Carta 7: Taburan peratus migran dalaman mengikut strata (arah aliran migrasi), Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011 Chart 7: Percentage distribution of internal migrants by stratum (migration direction), Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

CIRI-CIRI SOSIODEMOGRAFI MIGRAN

SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF MIGRANTS

Bagi tempoh 2010–2011, penduduk berhijrah dalam kumpulan umur 15–34 tahun mewakili lebih separuh daripada keseluruhan migran dalaman iaitu 59.9 peratus. Peratusan migran dalaman bagi perempuan dalam kumpulan umur ini adalah lebih tinggi iaitu 60.0 peratus berbanding lelaki (59.7%).

For the period 2010–2011, migration population in the 15-34 age group represented more than half of the total internal migrants at 59.9 per cent. The percentage of female internal migrants to this age group was higher i.e. 60.0 per cent compared to male (59.7%).

55.8

22.0

8.7 1

3.5

58.5

24.3

6.4 1

0.7

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

(%)

2009–2010

2010–2011

Bandar-Bandar Urban-Urban

Luar bandar- Luar bandar Rural-Rural

Bandar-Luar bandar

Urban-Rural

Luar bandar- Bandar

Rural-Urban

RINGKASAN PENEMUAN

SUMMARY FINDINGS


Kumpulan umur ini paling cenderung berhijrah sama ada untuk melanjutkan pelajaran, mencari peluang pekerjaan atau pun mencari persekitaran baru yang lebih baik. Namun peratusan kumpulan umur ini menurun 0.2 mata peratus berbanding tempoh 2009–2010. Daripada jumlah migran (59.9%), 30.3 peratus disumbangkan oleh kumpulan umur 25–34 dan selebihnya disumbangkan oleh kumpulan umur 15–24.

This age group most likely to migrate either to further their study, find jobs or find new and better environment. However the percentage of 15–34 age group declined by 0.2 percentage point compared to the 2009–2010 period. From total migrants (59.9%), 30.3 per cent was contributed by the 25–34 age group and the rest was contributed by age group 15–24.

Kumpulan migran dalaman ketiga terbesar adalah kumpulan umur 1–14. Migran dalaman kumpulan umur ini adalah hampir sama bagi tempoh 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011 iaitu 21.8 dan 21.7 peratus. Penduduk dalam kumpulan umur muda ini lazimnya masih berada di bawah tanggungjawab dan perlindungan keluarga. Oleh itu, penghijrahan mereka disebabkan oleh mengikut ahli keluarga yang berpindah kerana kerjaya atau mencari persekitaran baru.

The third largest group of internal migrant was the 1–14 age group. The internal migrant for this age group was almost the same for the period 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 with 21.8 and 21.7 per cent. Populations in this young age group are under the guardianship of the family; therefore their migrations was due to family members moving out for career or find a new environment.

Carta 8: Taburan peratus migran dalaman mengikut jantina dan kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011 Chart 8: Percentage distribution of internal migrants by sex and age group, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

21.8

27.3

32.8

9.9

7.2

0.9

21.8

25.5

32.8

11.1

8.1

0.8

21.8

29.5

32.9

8.5

6.3

1.0

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0

Peratus/Percent

2009–2010

21.7

29.6

30.3

10.8

6.5

1.2

20.2

27.9

31.8

12.0

7.4

0.7

23.4

31.5

28.5

9.4

5.4

1.7

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0

Peratus/Percent

2010–2011 Kumpulan Umur (tahun) Age group (year)

65 &

lebih/over

45—64

1—14

15—24

25—34

35—44

Perempuan Female

Lelaki Male

Jumlah Total



Sebanyak 3.6 peratus penduduk berumur 25–34 adalah migran dalaman. Kadar bagi kumpulan umur ini merupakan yang tertinggi berbanding dengan kumpulan umur yang lain. Perbandingan jantina pula menunjukkan kadar migrasi dalaman lelaki dan perempuan hampir sama, masing-masing 2.2 dan 2.1 peratus.

A total of 3.6 per cent of the population aged 25–34 was internal migrant. The rate of this age group was the highest compared to other age group. A comparison between sexes indicated that internal migration rate between male and female in this group was almost similar, 2.2 and 2.1 per cent respectively.

Carta 9: Kadar migrasi dalaman mengikut kumpulan umur dan jantina, Malaysia, 2010–2011 Chart 9: Internal migration rate by age group and sex, Malaysia, 2010–2011

CIRI-CIRI GUNA TENAGA MIGRAN CHARACTERISTICS OF EMPLOYED

MIGRANTS Penyertaan migran dalam pasaran buruh adalah lebih tinggi berbanding bukan migran. Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh (KPTB) migran secara keseluruhan ialah 69.7 peratus, 5.5 mata peratus lebih tinggi berbanding bukan migran iaitu 64.2 peratus.

The participation of internal migrant in labour market was higher than non-migrants. Labour force participation rate (LFPR) was 69.7 per cent of overall internal migrant, 5.5 percentage point higher than non-migrants.

Analisis mengikut kumpulan umur mendapati KPTB tertinggi berada dalam kumpulan umur 25–34 (83.8%). Ini menunjukkan bahawa penghijrahan berkaitan pekerjaan berlaku mulai kumpulan umur tersebut.

The analysis by age group found that the highest LFPR for internal migrants were in the 25–34 age group (83.8%). The data illustrates that job-related migration starts in this age group.

1.8 3.1 3.8 2.0 0.9 0.3 1.9 3.3 3.4 1.5 0.6 0.7 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5

Jumlah/Total 1–14 15–24 25–34 35–44 45–64

Perempuan Female

Lelaki Male

Jumlah Total 2.2

Lelaki Male 2.2

Perempuan Female 2.1

RINGKASAN PENEMUAN

SUMMARY FINDINGS


KPTB bagi migran dalaman mengikut jantina menunjukkan peratusan lebih tinggi berbanding bukan migran iaitu lelaki 86.0 peratus dan perempuan 50.4 peratus. Corak KPTB migran bagi lelaki dan perempuan ini juga menunjukkan corak yang hampir sama.

LFPR for internal migrants by sex showed the migrants was higher than non-migrants, 86.0 per cent of males and 50.4 per cent for females. LFPR migrant pattern for male and female also showed similar patterns.

SEBAB PENGHIJRAHAN REASONS FOR MIGRATION Hampir separuh daripada migran dalaman di Malaysia berhijrah kerana mengikut ahli keluarga (41.8%) bagi tempoh 2010–2011. Walaupun peratusan ini tinggi, tetapi sebab utama penghijrahan penduduk adalah kerana faktor kerjaya iaitu 21.9 peratus. Namun peratusan ini menurun sebanyak 2.5 mata peratus berbanding tahun sebelumnya. Daripada peratusan tersebut, 20.3 peratus merupakan mereka yang memulakan pekerjaan, berpindah tempat kerja serta mencari peluang pekerjaan (Carta 11).

Almost half of internal migrants in Malaysia migrated because they followed their family members (41.8%) for the 2010–2011 period. Although this percentage was high, the main reason for population migrated was career factor at 21.9 per cent. However this percentage was declined by 2.5 percentage point compared to the previous year. From this percentage, 20.3 per cent are those who started a new job, job transfer and seeking work opportunities (Chart 11).

Carta 10: Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh migran dalaman dan bukan migran mengikut jantina dan kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 2010–2011 Chart 10: Labour force participation rates of internal migrants and non-migrants by sex and age group, Malaysia, 2010–2011

86.0

65.4

98.9

97.4

90.2

79.5

48.4

96.8

97.8

82.7

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

Jumlah Total

15–24 25–34 35–44 45–64

LELAKI/MALE

50.4

38.7

64.9

58.4

27.8

47.7

32.9

66.7

57.1

39.1

Jumlah Total

15–24 25–34 35–44 45–64

PEREMPUAN/FEMALE

Jumlah Total

Jumlah Total

Migran dalaman Internal migrant

Bukan migran Non-migrant

KPT

B %

LF

PR



Faktor persekitaran turut mempengaruhi migran dalaman bagi tempoh 2010–2011 iaitu 21.3 peratus. Kenaikan 1.7 mata peratus direkodkan bagi migran dalaman yang berhijrah kerana berpindah ke rumah lain atau mencari persekitaran lebih baik. Selain daripada itu, faktor pendidikan dan perkahwinan & perceraian juga mempengaruhi penghijrahan penduduk dengan masing-masing sebanyak 6.2 dan 5.7 peratus pada tempoh yang sama.

Environmental factors also influenced the internal migrants for the period 2010–2011 by 21.3 per cent. The increase of 1.7 percentage point was recorded for internal migrants who moved to another house or to find a better environment. In addition, educational and marriage & divorce were the factors affecting migration by 6.2 and 5.7 per cent respectively in the same period.

Carta 11: Taburan peratus sebab-sebab penghijrahan penduduk, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011 Chart 11: Percentage distribution of reasons for migration of population, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

41.4

24.5

19.6

4.5 5.2

4.8

2009–2010 Mengikut keluarga Follow family member

Kerjaya Work-related

Persekitaran Environment

Pendidikan Education

Perkahwinan & Perceraian Marriage &Divorce

Lain-lain Others

41.8

21.9

21.3

6.2 5.7 3.1

2010–2011

Mengikut keluarga Follow family member


Perkahwinan & Perceraian Marriage & Divorce


Pendidikan Education

Lain-lain Others

JADUAL UTAMA

MAIN TABLES


Jadual 1: Perangkaan utama migrasi, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011 Table 1 : Key migration statistics, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

Perkara Item

Tahun Year

2009–2010 2010–2011

Taburan peratus penduduk mengikut taraf migrasi Percentage distribution of population by migration status (%)

Jumlah Total 100.0 100.0

Migran Migrants 1.9 2.5

100.0 100.0 Migran dalam negeri Intra-state migrants 58.4 59.0

Migran antara negeri Inter-state migrants 26.3 27.8

Migran antarabangsa a International migrants

15.3

13.2

Bukan migran Non-migrants 98.1 97.5

Bilangan migran dalaman mengikut taraf migrasi Number of internal migrants by migration status (‘000)

Migran dalaman Internal migrants 449.1 617.9

Migran dalam negeri Intra-state migrants 309.5 419.8

Migran antara negeri Inter-state migrants 139.6 198.1

a Tidak termasuk migran dari Malaysia ke negara lain Excludes migrants from Malaysia to other countries



Jadual 2: Bilangan dan taburan peratus migran masuk mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011

Table 2 : Number and percentage distribution of in-migrants by state, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

Negeri destinasi State of destination

Tahun Year

2009–2010 2010–2011

Bilangan Number (‘000)

Peratus Per cent


Peratus Per cent

Malaysia 139.6 100.0 198.1 100.0

Johor 9.7 7.0 14.8 7.5

Kedah 6.7 4.8 11.8 6.0

Kelantan 15.0 10.7 13.1 6.6

Melaka 7.7 5.5 7.1 3.6

Negeri Sembilan 9.0 6.4 9.3 4.7

Pahang 12.5 9.0 12.0 6.0

Pulau Pinang 17.7 12.7 18.4 9.3

Perak 16.1 11.5 14.4 7.3

Perlis 1.4 1.0 2.4 1.2

Selangor 14.4 10.3 50.9 25.7

Terengganu 8.5 6.1 6.6 3.3

Sabah 8.3 5.9 11.6 5.9

Sarawak 2.9 2.1 12.9 6.5

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 6.6 4.7 10.1 5.1

W.P. Labuan 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1

W.P. Putrajaya 3.0 2.2 2.5 1.3

JADUAL UTAMA

MAIN TABLES


Jadual 3: Bilangan dan taburan peratus migran keluar mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011

Table 3 : Number and percentage distribution of out-migrants by state, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011


Tahun Year

2009–2010 2010–2011


Peratus Per cent


Peratus Per cent

Malaysia 139.6 100.0 198.1 100.0

Johor 12.3 8.8 21.4 10.8

Kedah 9.6 6.8 14.5 7.3

Kelantan 7.3 5.2 9.9 5.0

Melaka 4.2 3.0 7.3 3.7

Negeri Sembilan 8.4 6.0 11.3 5.7

Pahang 10.4 7.5 13.1 6.6

Pulau Pinang 6.1 4.3 9.6 4.8

Perak 15.7 11.2 17.8 9.0

Perlis 1.7 1.2 4.6 2.3

Selangor 29.6 21.2 33.1 16.7

Terengganu 7.8 5.6 7.0 3.5

Sabah 4.7 3.3 11.8 5.9

Sarawak 5.7 4.1 7.4 3.8

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 14.4 10.3 24.3 12.2

W.P. Labuan 1.4 1.0 1.4 0.7

W.P. Putrajaya 0.4 0.3 3.7 1.9



Jadual 4: Bilangan migrasi bersih mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011 Table 4 : Number of net migration by state, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

(‘000)

Negeri State

Tahun Year

2009–2010 2010–2011

Johor -2.6 -6.7

Kedah -2.9 -2.7

Kelantan 7.7 3.2

Melaka 3.5 -0.2

Negeri Sembilan 0.6 -2.0

Pahang 2.1 -1.2

Pulau Pinang 11.6 8.8

Perak 0.4 -3.3

Perlis -0.4 -2.2

Selangor -15.2 17.7

Terengganu 0.7 -0.4

Sabah 3.6 -0.1

Sarawak -2.8 5.5

W.P. Kuala Lumpur -7.8 -14.1

W.P. Labuan -1.1 -1.3

W.P. Putrajaya 2.6 -1.1

PENDUDUK BERUMUR 1 TAHUN DAN LEBIH

POPULATION AGED 1 YEAR AND OVER

JADUAL UTAMA

MAIN TABLES


Jadual 5: Taburan peratus migran daripada penduduk mengikut negeri destinasi dan taraf migrasi, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011

Table 5 : Percentage distribution of migrants from the population by state of destination and migration status, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

(%)


2009-2010 2010-2011

Jumlah Total



Antara-bangsa a Inter-

national

Jumlah Total



Antara-bangsa a Inter-

national

Malaysia 1.9 1.1 0.5 0.3 2.5 1.5 0.7 0.3

Johor 1.4 0.7 0.3 0.4 1.6 0.7 0.4 0.4

Kedah 1.3 0.8 0.4 0.1 2.0 1.1 0.6 0.3

Kelantan 2.8 1.7 1.0 0.2 2.9 1.8 0.8 0.2

Melaka 2.1 1.0 0.9 0.1 2.7 1.8 0.9 0.1

N. Sembilan 2.3 1.1 0.9 0.4 2.4 0.9 0.9 0.6

Pahang 1.9 0.8 0.9 0.2 1.8 0.8 0.8 0.2

Pulau Pinang 3.7 2.1 1.1 0.4 4.3 2.7 1.2 0.5

Perak 1.4 0.7 0.7 0.1 2.0 1.1 0.6 0.3

Perlis 1.5 0.6 0.6 0.4 2.0 0.8 1.0 0.1

Selangor 1.4 1.0 0.3 0.1 3.2 1.9 0.9 0.4

Terengganu 1.9 1.0 0.8 0.1 1.5 0.7 0.6 0.2

Sabah 3.2 2.2 0.3 0.7 3.5 2.9 0.4 0.3

Sarawak 1.8 1.1 0.1 0.6 2.4 1.5 0.5 0.5 W.P. Kuala Lumpur 0.8 n.a 0.4 0.4 0.8 n.a 0.6 0.2

W.P. Labuan 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.6 0.5 0.2 -

W.P. Putrajaya 4.6 n.a 4.3 0.3 3.8 n.a 3.5 0.3

a Tidak termasuk migran dari Malaysia ke negara lain Excludes migrants from Malaysia to other countries



Jadual 6: Bilangan dan kadar migrasi masuk, keluar, bersih & kasar dan nisbah keberkesanan migrasi penduduk berumur 1 tahun dan lebih mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Table 6 : Number and rate of in, out, net & gross migration and migration effectiveness ratio of population aged 1 year and over by state, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Negeri State

(‘000) (bagi setiap 1,000 penduduk) (per 1,000 population) (‘000)

(bagi setiap 1,000

penduduk) (per 1,000

population)

(%)

Migran masuk

In-migrants

Migran keluar

Out-migrants

Migrasi bersih

Net migration

Kadar Rate

Migrasi

kasar Gross

migration

Kadar

migrasi kasar Gross

migration rate

Nisbah

keberkesanan migrasi

Migration effectiveness

ratio

migrasi masuk

in-migration

migrasi keluar

out-migration

migrasi bersih

net migration

Malaysia 198.1 198.1 - n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a

Johor 14.8 21.4 -6.7 4.5 6.4 -2.0 36.2 10.9 -18.5

Kedah 11.8 14.5 -2.7 6.1 7.5 -1.4 26.3 13.6 -10.3

Kelantan 13.1 9.9 3.2 8.3 6.3 2.0 23.0 14.6 13.9

Melaka 7.1 7.3 -0.2 8.7 8.9 -0.2 14.3 17.5 -1.4

Negeri Sembilan 9.3 11.3 -2.0 9.1 11.1 -2.0 20.6 20.2 -9.7

Pahang 12.0 13.1 -1.2 8.1 8.8 -0.8 25.1 16.9 -4.8

Pulau Pinang 18.4 9.6 8.8 11.8 6.2 5.6 28.0 17.9 31.4

Perak 14.4 17.8 -3.3 6.1 7.6 -1.4 32.2 13.7 -10.2

Perlis 2.4 4.6 -2.2 10.3 19.6 -9.5 7.0 29.9 -31.4

Selangor 50.9 33.1 17.7 9.3 6.1 3.2 84.0 15.4 21.1

Terengganu 6.6 7.0 -0.4 6.3 6.7 -0.4 13.6 13.0 -2.9

Sabah 11.6 11.8 -0.1 3.6 3.6 0.0 23.4 7.2 -0.4

Sarawak 12.9 7.4 5.5 5.2 3.0 2.2 20.4 8.3 27.0

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 10.1 24.3 -14.1 6.1 14.5 -8.5 34.4 20.7 -41.0

W.P. Labuan 0.2 1.4 -1.3 2.3 15.8 -14.9 1.6 18.2 -81.3

W.P. Putrajaya 2.5 3.7 -1.1 34.4 50.2 -15.2 6.2 85.6 -17.7

JADUAL UTAMA

MAIN TABLES


Jadual 7: Bilangan migran dalaman mengikut negeri asal dan destinasi, Malaysia, 2010–2011 Table 7 : Number of internal migrants by state of origin and destination, Malaysia, 2010–2011

(‘000)

Negeri asal

State of origin


Mal

aysi

a

Joho

r

Ked

ah

Kel

anta

n

Mel

aka

Neg

eri

Sem

bila

n

Paha

ng

Pula

u Pi

nang

Pera

k

Perli

s

Sela

ngor

Tere

ngga

nu

Saba

h

Sara

wak

W.P

. Kua

la

Lum

pur

W.P

. Lab

uan

W.P

. Put

raja

ya

Malaysia 617.9 39.3 32.5 42.1 21.9 18.3 23.7 60.7 39.5 4.3 154.7 14.0 105.0 48.7 10.1 0.6 2.5

Johor 45.9 24.5 1.5 1.4 2.3 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.5 0.1 8.0 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.7 - 0.0

Kedah 35.2 0.2 20.7 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 5.7 2.0 0.5 3.6 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.5 - 0.0

Kelantan 38.8 1.5 0.9 29.0 0.2 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.8 0.1 1.8 1.7 0.1 0.1 1.0 - 0.2

Melaka 22.1 1.2 0.3 0.7 14.8 1.1 1.4 0.0 0.2 - 0.3 0.0 - 1.6 0.4 - 0.0

Negeri Sembilan 20.3 0.6 0.0 0.5 1.6 9.0 1.4 1.1 0.4 0.1 4.4 0.1 0.3 0.6 0.2 - 0.1

Pahang 24.9 1.6 0.5 1.7 0.2 0.7 11.8 0.4 0.6 0.1 3.4 1.5 0.7 1.3 0.3 - 0.1

Pulau Pinang 52.0 0.1 2.6 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.1 42.4 0.7 0.6 4.1 0.1 0.1 - 0.4 - 0.1

Perak 42.8 1.6 2.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 3.3 25.0 0.2 5.6 0.1 0.8 0.5 0.9 - 0.2

Perlis 6.5 0.7 0.4 - 0.1 - - 1.8 0.8 1.9 0.8 - - - - - 0.0

Selangor 136.9 3.8 1.7 2.7 1.1 2.6 2.3 1.2 4.9 0.5 103.8 1.3 1.5 2.8 5.3 0.1 1.3

Terengganu 14.4 - 0.8 2.1 0.1 0.3 2.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 7.4 0.3 0.7 - - 0.1

Sabah 105.1 0.8 - 0.3 - 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.4 0.0 5.9 0.1 93.4 3.1 - 0.1 0.0

Sarawak 43.2 0.6 - 0.2 - 0.1 - 0.7 1.3 - 1.6 - 2.7 35.8 0.2 - 0.1

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 24.3 2.1 0.6 2.6 0.9 1.1 1.4 2.5 0.7 0.1 9.0 0.8 1.7 0.4 - - 0.3

W.P. Labuan 1.8 - - - - - 0.1 - - - - - 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.4 -

W.P. Putrajaya 3.7 - - 0.0 - - - - - 0.0 2.2 0.1 1.4 - - - -



Jadual 8: Taburan peratus migran dalaman mengikut strata (arah aliran migrasi), Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011

Table 8 : Percentage distribution of internal migrants by stratum (migration flow), Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

(%)

Strata (arah aliran migrasi) Stratum (migration flow)

Tahun Year

2009–2010 2010–2011


Bandar-Bandar Urban-Urban 55.8 58.5

Bandar-Luar bandar Urban-Rural 22.0 24.3

Luar bandar-Bandar Rural-Urban 8.7 6.4

Luar bandar- Luar bandar Rural-Rural 13.5 10.7

JADUAL UTAMA

MAIN TABLES


Jadual 9: Taburan peratus migran dalam negeri dan migran antara negeri mengikut negeri dan strata (arah aliran migrasi), Malaysia, 2010–2011 Table 9 : Percentage distribution of intra-state and inter-state migrants by state and stratum (migration flow),

Malaysia, 2010–2011 (%)


Migran dalam negeri Intra-state migrants

Migran antara negeri Inter-state migrants

Jumlah Total


Jumlah Total



Bandar-Luar

bandar Urban-Rural

Luar bandar-Bandar Rural-Urban

Luar bandar -Luar

bandar Rural-Rural


Bandar-Luar

bandar Urban-Rural

Luar bandar-Bandar Rural-Urban

Luar bandar -

Luar bandar Rural-Rural

Malaysia 100.0 55.0 24.8 6.3 14.0 100.0 66.1 23.3 6.7 3.9

Johor 100.0 51.8 20.3 16.4 11.5 100.0 49.3 25.6 21.1 4.0

Kedah 100.0 17.8 30.0 9.6 42.5 100.0 23.7 36.8 8.7 30.8

Kelantan 100.0 16.9 32.8 8.1 42.1 100.0 35.1 60.9 3.3 0.6

Melaka 100.0 81.2 18.8 - - 100.0 71.8 28.2 - -

Negeri Sembilan 100.0 37.6 46.3 3.7 12.3 100.0 52.5 37.1 6.5 3.9

Pahang 100.0 44.7 31.9 5.7 17.7 100.0 59.5 38.7 0.4 1.5

Pulau Pinang 100.0 74.1 20.7 0.8 4.4 100.0 64.6 15.7 15.5 4.2

Perak 100.0 25.9 44.6 9.1 20.4 100.0 62.0 25.2 5.6 7.2

Perlis 100.0 19.1 6.4 21.6 53.0 100.0 39.1 56.4 0.8 3.8

Selangor 100.0 91.1 8.9 - - 100.0 96.0 4.0 - -

Terengganu 100.0 14.7 10.1 17.4 57.8 100.0 35.9 46.1 4.9 13.0

Sabah 100.0 46.9 30.6 7.2 15.2 100.0 45.7 41.2 11.9 1.1

Sarawak 100.0 30.1 39.0 16.5 14.4 100.0 64.1 16.6 19.3 -

W.P. Kuala Lumpur n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a. n.a. n.a.

W.P. Labuan 100.0 83.7 16.3 - - 100.0 66.7 - 33.3 -

W.P. Putrajaya n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 100.0 100.0 n.a. n.a. n.a.



Jadual 10: Bilangan dan taburan peratus migran dalaman mengikut jantina dan kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011

Table 10 : Number and percentage distribution of internal migrants by sex and age group, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

Jantina/Kumpulan umur (tahun) Sex/Age group (year)

Tahun Year

2009–2010 2010–2011

Bilangan Number

(‘000)

Peratus Per cent

Bilangan Number

(‘000)

Peratus Per cent

Jumlah Total

Jumlah Total 449.1 100.0 618.0 100.0

1–14 98.0 21.8 134.0 21.7

15–24 122.8 27.3 183.1 29.6

25–34 147.4 32.8 187.0 30.3

35–44 44.4 9.9 66.6 10.8

45–64 32.5 7.2 39.9 6.5 65 & lebih 65 & over 4.0 0.9 7.4 1.2

Lelaki Male

Jumlah Total 239.3 100.0 326.9 100.0

1–14 52.3 21.8 66.0 20.2

15–24 60.9 25.5 91.4 27.9

25–34 78.4 32.8 104.0 31.8

35–44 26.6 11.1 39.1 12.0

45–64 19.3 8.1 24.2 7.4 65 & lebih 65 & over 1.8 0.8 2.4 0.7

Perempuan Female

Jumlah Total 209.8 100.0 291.0 100.0

1–14 45.7 21.8 68.0 23.4

15–24 61.8 29.5 91.7 31.5

25–34 69.0 32.9 83.1 28.5

35–44 17.8 8.5 27.5 9.4

45–64 13.2 6.3 15.7 5.4 65 & lebih 65 & over 2.2 1.0 5.0 1.7

JADUAL UTAMA

MAIN TABLES


Jadual 11: Kadar migrasi dalaman mengikut kumpulan umur dan jantina, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Table 11 : Internal migration rate by age group and sex, Malaysia, 2010–2011 (%)

Kumpulan Umur (tahun) Age group (year)

Jantina Sex

Jumlah Total

Lelaki Male

Perempuan Female

Jumlah Total 2.2 2.2 2.1

1–14 1.8 1.8 1.9

15–24 3.2 3.1 3.3

25–34 3.6 3.8 3.4

35–44 1.8 2.0 1.5

45–64 0.8 0.9 0.6

65 & lebih 65 & over 0.5 0.3 0.7

Jadual 12: Nisbah jantina migran dalaman dan bukan migran mengikut kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Table 12 : Sex ratio of internal migrants and non-migrants by age group, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Kumpulan umur (tahun)

Age group (year)

Migran dalaman Internal migrants

Bukan migran Non-migrants

Jumlah Total 112 106

1–14 97 105

15–24 100 105

25–34 125 111

35–44 142 105

45–64 154 105

65 & lebih 65 & over 47 93



Jadual 13: Bilangan dan taburan peratus migran dalaman berumur 1 tahun dan lebih mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011

Table 13 : Number and percentage distribution of internal migrants aged 1 year and over by ethnic group, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

Kumpulan etnik Ethnic group

Tahun Year

2009–2010 2010–2011 Bilangan Number

(‘000)

Peratus Per cent

Bilangan Number

(‘000)

Peratus Per cent

Jumlah Total 449.1 100.0 618.0 100.0

Warganegara Malaysia Malaysian citizens 397.4 88.5 533.5 86.3

Bumiputera 316.9 79.7 419.6 78.7

Melayu Malay 259.7 65.3 332.9 62.4

Bumiputera lain Other Bumiputera 57.2 14.4 86.7 16.3

Cina Chinese 44.8 11.3 80.9 15.2

India Indians 28.8 7.2 28.9 5.4

Lain-lain Others 6.9 1.7 4.1 0.8

Bukan warganegara Malaysia Non-Malaysian citizens 51.7 11.5 84.4 13.7

Jadual 14: Kadar migrasi dalaman mengikut kumpulan etnik dan jantina, Malaysia, 2010–2011 Table 14 : Internal migration rates by ethnic group and sex, Malaysia, 2010–2011

(%)


Jumlah Total

Jantina Sex

Lelaki Male

Perempuan Female

Jumlah Total 2.2 2.2 2.1

Warganegara Malaysia Malaysian citizens 2.0 2.0 2.0

Bumiputera 2.4 2.4 2.4 Melayu Malay 2.3 2.4 2.3

Bumiputera lain Other Bumiputera 2.6 2.5 2.7

Cina Chinese 1.3 1.3 1.2

India Indians 1.5 1.5 1.5

Lain-lain Others 2.0 2.1 1.9

Bukan warganegara Malaysia Non-Malaysian citizens 3.6 4.0 3.0

JADUAL UTAMA

MAIN TABLES


Jadual 15: Taburan peratus migran dalaman dan bukan migran berumur 1 tahun dan lebih mengikut kumpulan etnik dan strata destinasi, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Table 15 : Percentage distribution of internal migrants and non-migrants aged 1 year and over by ethnic group and stratum of destination, Malaysia, 2010–2011

(%)


Strata destinasi Stratum of destination



Jumlah Total

Bandar Urban

Luar bandar

Rural

Jumlah Total

Bandar Urban

Luar bandar Rural

Jumlah Total 100.0 64.9 35.1 100.0 66.5 33.5

Warganegara Malaysia Malaysian citizens 100.0 65.0 35.0 100.0 66.3 33.7

Bumiputera 100.0 60.5 39.5 100.0 56.5 43.5

Melayu Malay 100.0 62.5 37.5 100.0 59.6 40.4

Bumiputera lain Other Bumiputera 100.0 53.0 47.0 100.0 43.1 56.9

Cina Chinese 100.0 83.7 16.3 100.0 86.7 13.3

India Indians 100.0 74.3 25.7 100.0 86.0 14.0

Lain-lain Others 100.0 95.9 4.1 100.0 70.5 29.5

Bukan warganegara Malaysia Non-Malaysian citizens 100.0 64.3 35.7 100.0 69.5 30.5



Jadual 16: Bilangan dan taburan peratus sebab-sebab penghijrahan penduduk, Malaysia, 2009–2010 dan 2010–2011 Table 16 : Number and percentage distribution of reasons for migration of population, Malaysia, 2009–2010 and 2010–2011

Sebab penghijrahan Reasons for migration

2009–2010 2010–2011 Bilangan Number (‘000)

Peratus Per cent


Peratus Per cent

Jumlah Total

449.2 100.0 618.0 100.0

Mengikut keluarga Follow family member

185.9 41.4 258.2 41.8


109.7 24.5 135.4 21.9

Berpindah tempat kerja/ Memulakan pekerjaan baru Job transfer/To start a new job

93.8 20.9 108.2 17.5

Mencari kerja Seeking work

8.1 1.8 17.5 2.8

Berhenti kerja Resign

6.7 1.5 8.8 1.4

Bersara Retire

1.1 0.3 0.9 0.2


88.1 19.6 131.8 21.3

Pelajaran Education

20.6 4.5 38.3 6.2

Memasuki persekolahan Start schooling

17.3 3.8 34.2 5.5

Telah tamat persekolahan Complete schooling

3.3 0.7 4.1 0.7

Perkahwinan & Perceraian Marriage & Divorce

23.3 5.2 34.9 5.7

Perkahwinan Marriage

22.0 4.9 33.3 5.4

Perceraian Divorce

1.3 0.3 1.6 0.3

Lain-lain Others 21.6 4.8 19.4 3.1

PENDUDUK BERUMUR 15-64 TAHUN

POPULATION AGED 15-64 YEARS

JADUAL UTAMA

MAIN TABLES


Jadual 17: Bilangan dan kadar migrasi masuk, keluar, bersih & kasar dan nisbah keberkesanan migrasi penduduk berumur 15-64 tahun mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Table 17 : Number and rate of in, out, net & gross migration and migration effectiveness ratio of population aged 15-64 years by state, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Negeri State

(‘000) (bagi setiap 1,000 penduduk) (per 1,000 population) (‘000)

(bagi setiap 1,000

penduduk) (per 1,000

population)

(%)

Migran masuk

In-migrants

Migran keluar

Out-migrants

Migrasi bersih

Net migration

Kadar Rate

Migrasi

kasar Gross

migration

Kadar

migrasi kasar Gross

migration rate

Nisbah

keberkesanan migrasi

Migration effectiveness

ratio

migrasi masuk

in-migration

migrasi keluar

out-migration

migrasi bersih

net migration

Malaysia 156.6 156.6 - n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a n.a

Johor 10.6 16.8 -6.2 4.6 7.3 -2.7 27.4 11.8 -22.6

Kedah 8.9 13.4 -4.5 6.9 10.4 -3.5 22.2 17.3 -20.3

Kelantan 9.6 7.4 2.2 9.7 7.5 2.2 17.0 17.2 12.9

Melaka 6.1 5.4 0.7 10.7 9.5 1.2 11.4 20.2 6.1

Negeri Sembilan 7.9 9.4 -1.5 11.1 13.4 -2.3 17.3 24.4 -8.7

Pahang 8.8 9.0 -0.2 8.8 9.1 -0.3 17.8 17.9 -1.1

Pulau Pinang 15.8 7.6 8.2 14.0 6.8 7.2 23.4 20.8 35.0

Perak 11.7 15.1 -3.3 7.4 9.6 -2.2 26.8 17.0 -12.3

Perlis 1.7 4.1 -2.4 10.8 25.4 -14.6 5.8 36.5 -41.4

Selangor 41.1 25.6 15.5 10.3 6.5 3.8 66.7 16.7 23.2

Terengganu 4.6 5.5 -0.8 6.9 8.2 -1.3 10.1 15.0 -7.9

Sabah 8.8 8.8 0.0 3.8 3.8 0.0 17.6 7.6 -0.1

Sarawak 9.6 6.9 2.8 5.8 4.2 1.6 16.5 9.9 17.0

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 9.3 18.3 -9.0 7.5 14.6 -7.1 27.6 22.2 -32.6

W.P. Labuan 0.1 1.4 -1.3 2.0 22.9 -20.9 1.5 25.4 -86.7

W.P. Putrajaya 2.2 2.2 0.0 43.0 43.8 -0.8 4.3 86.6 -0.8



Jadual 18: Bilangan migran dalaman berumur 15–64 tahun mengikut negeri asal dan destinasi, Malaysia, 2010–2011 Table 18 : Number of internal migrants aged 15–64 years by state of origin and destination, Malaysia, 2010–2011

(‘000)

Negeri asal State of origin


Mal

aysi

a

Joho

r

Ked

ah

Kel

anta

n

Mel

aka

Neg

eri

Sem

bila

n

Paha

ng

Pula

u Pi

nang

Pera

k

Perli

s

Sela

ngor

Tere

ngga

nu

Saba

h

Sara

wak

W.P

. Kua

la

Lum

pur

W.P

. Lab

uan

W.P

. Pu

traja

ya

Malaysia 476.6 29.9 24.4 28.3 17.1 14.2 17.7 47.3 31.3 3.3 122.0 10.0 80.7 38.3 9.3 0.4 2.2

Johor 36.1 19.4 0.9 1.1 2.1 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.5 0.0 6.0 0.4 0.9 0.4 0.3 - 0.0

Kedah 28.9 0.2 15.6 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 5.0 1.6 0.5 3.6 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.5 - 0.0

Kelantan 26.2 0.9 0.3 18.8 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.6 0.1 1.8 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.1

Melaka 16.4 1.2 0.2 0.6 11.1 0.8 0.8 0.0 0.2 - 0.3 0.0 - 0.9 0.4 - 0.0

Negeri Sembilan 15.7 0.6 - 0.4 1.2 6.3 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.0 4.4 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 - 0.1

Pahang 17.9 1.2 0.3 1.1 0.2 0.7 8.9 0.4 0.6 0.1 2.2 1.0 0.2 0.6 0.3 - 0.1

Pulau Pinang 39.1 0.1 2.1 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.1 31.5 0.6 0.4 3.0 0.1 0.1 - 0.4 - 0.1

Perak 34.6 1.0 2.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.2 2.7 19.6 0.1 5.5 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.9 - 0.1

Perlis 5.7 0.4 0.2 - 0.1 - - 1.7 0.8 1.6 0.8 - - - - - 0.0

Selangor 106.6 2.7 1.1 2.1 1.0 2.3 1.4 1.2 3.3 0.3 81.0 0.8 1.4 1.9 5.1 0.0 1.1

Terengganu 10.9 - 0.8 1.2 0.1 0.3 1.7 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 5.4 0.3 0.4 - - 0.1

Sabah 80.7 0.3 - 0.3 - 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.0 3.6 0.1 72.0 3.1 - 0.1 0.0

Sarawak 35.6 0.6 - 0.2 - 0.1 - 0.7 1.1 - 1.6 - 2.3 28.7 0.2 - 0.1

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 18.3 1.3 0.5 1.9 0.7 1.0 0.9 2.1 0.4 0.1 6.8 0.7 1.3 0.3 - - 0.3

W.P. Labuan 1.7 - - - - - 0.1 - - - - - 0.5 0.6 0.2 0.3 -

W.P. Putrajaya 2.2 - - 0.0 - - - - - 0.0 1.5 0.1 0.6 - - - -

JADUAL UTAMA

MAIN TABLES


Jadual 19: Taburan peratus migran dalaman dan bukan migran berumur 15–64 tahun mengikut kumpulan umur dan jantina, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Table 19 : Percentage distribution of internal migrants and non-migrants aged 15–64 years by age group and sex, Malaysia, 2010–2011

(%)

Kumpulan umur Age group



Jumlah Total

Lelaki Male

Perempuan Female

Jumlah Total

Lelaki Male

Perempuan Female

Jumlah Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

15–24 38.4 35.3 42.1 28.8 28.7 29.0

25–34 39.2 40.2 38.1 25.6 26.2 25.1

35–44 14.0 15.1 12.6 19.4 19.3 19.6

45–64 8.4 9.4 7.2 26.1 25.9 26.3



Jadual 20: Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh bagi migran dalaman dan bukan migran mengikut kumpulan umur dan jantina, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Table 20 : Labour force participation rates of internal migrants and non-migrants by age group and sex, Malaysia, 2010–2011

(%)

Kumpulan umur (tahun) Age group (year)



Jumlah Total

Lelaki Male

Perempuan Female

Jumlah Total

Lelaki Male

Perempuan Female

Jumlah Total 69.7 86.0 50.4 64.1 79.4 47.7

15–24 52.0 65.4 38.7 40.7 48.1 32.9

25–34 83.8 98.9 64.9 82.5 96.8 66.6

35–44 81.3 97.4 58.4 78.0 97.9 57.1

45–64 65.6 90.2 27.8 61.4 82.7 39.1

(%)


Jumlah Total

Jantina Sex

Lelaki Male

Perempuan Female


Bandar-Bandar Urban-Urban 71.9 86.2 55.1

Bandar-Luar bandar Urban-Rural 65.9 83.8 44.1

Luar bandar-Bandar Rural-Urban 65.9 87.9 43.9

Luar bandar-Luar bandar Rural-Rural 68.1 88.9 41.1


Bandar Urban 65.2 79.1 50.5

Luar bandar Rural 61.7 80.0 41.5

Jadual 21: Kadar penyertaan tenaga buruh bagi migran dalaman dan bukan migran mengikut strata (arah aliran migrasi) dan jantina, Malaysia, 2010–2011

Table 21: Labour force participation rates of internal migrants and non-migrants by stratum (migration flow) and sex, Malaysia, 2010–2011

JADUAL UTAMA

MAIN TABLES


Jadual 22: Taburan peratus migran dalaman dan bukan migran yang bekerja mengikut taraf pekerjaan,

Malaysia, 2010–2011 Table 22 : Percentage distribution of employed internal migrants and non-migrants by status in employment,

Malaysia, 2010–2011

(%)

Taraf pekerjaan Status in employment




Majikan Employer 2.3 3.7

Pekerja Employee 87.1 76.3

Bekerja sendiri Own account worker 8.6 15.8

Pekerja keluarga tanpa gaji Unpaid family worker 2.0 4.2

Jadual 23: Taburan peratus migran dalaman dan bukan migran yang bekerja mengikut pekerjaan,

Malaysia, 2010–2011 Table 23 : Percentage distribution of employed internal migrants and non-migrants by occupation, Malaysia,

2010–2011 (%)

Pekerjaan Occupation




Pengurus Managers 5.4 5.6

Profesional Professionals 11.7 9.9

Juruteknik dan profesional bersekutu Technician and associate professionals 13.0 10.7

Pekerja sokongan perkeranian Clerical support workers 8.1 9.8

Pekerja perkhidmatan dan jualan Service and sales workers 20.0 20.5

Pekerja mahir pertanian, perhutanan dan perikanan Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers 3.7 8.3

Pekerja kemahiran dan pekerja pertukangan yang berkaitan Craft and related trades workers

11.2 10.9

Operator loji dan mesin serta pemasang Plant and machine-operators and assemblers 13.7 12.5

Pekerjaan asas Elementary occupations 13.2 11.9



Jadual 24: Taburan peratus migran dalaman yang bekerja mengikut pekerjaan dan strata (arah aliran migrasi), Malaysia, 2010–2011

Table 24 : Percentage distribution of employed internal migrants by occupation and stratum (migration flow), Malaysia, 2010–2011

(%)

Pekerjaan Occupation



Bandar- Luar bandar Urban-Rural

Luar bandar-Bandar

Rural-Urban

Luar bandar-Luar bandar

Rural-Rural

Jumlah Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Pengurus Managers

6.8 3.6 3.5 1.8

Profesional Professionals

13.4 8.7 10.6 8.6

Juruteknik dan profesional bersekutu Technician and associate professionals

15.9 7.5 9.8 8.4

Pekerja sokongan perkeranian Clerical support workers

8.8 7.7 7.2 5.3

Pekerja perkhidmatan dan jualan Service and sales workers

18.1 22.7 33.5 17.3

Pekerja mahir pertanian, perhutanan dan perikanan Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers

0.6 7.8 1.3 15.8

Pekerja kemahiran dan pekerja pertukangan yang berkaitan Craft and related trades workers

11.8 11.5 7.7 9.0

Operator loji dan mesin serta pemasang Plant and machine-operators and assemblers

14.8 11.2 8.1 16.0

Pekerjaan asas Elementary occupations 9.7 19.3 18.4 17.9

JADUAL UTAMA

MAIN TABLES


Jadual 25: Taburan peratus migran dalaman yang bekerja mengikut industri, Malaysia, 2010–2011 Table 25 : Percentage distribution of employed internal migrants by industry, Malaysia, 2010–2011

(%) Industri Industry


Jumlah Total 100.0

Pertanian, perhutanan dan perikanan Agriculture, forestry and fishing 6.5

Perlombongan dan pengkuarian Mining and quarrying 1.6

Pembuatan Manufacturing 16.5

Bekalan elektrik, gas, wap dan pendingin udara Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 0.7

Bekalan air; pembentungan, pengurusan sisa dan aktiviti pemulihan Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 0.8

Pembinaan Construction 14.0

Perkhidmatan Services

58.8 100.0

Perdagangan borong dan runcit; pembaikan kenderaan bermotor dan motosikal Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 25.3

Pengangkutan dan penyimpanan Transportation and storage 7.9

Penginapan dan aktiviti perkhidmatan makanan dan minuman Accommodation and food and beverage service activities 11.5

Maklumat dan komunikasi Information and communications 4.1

Aktiviti kewangan dan insurans/takaful Financial and insurance/takaful activities 2.6

Aktiviti hartanah Real estate activities 1.0

Aktiviti profesional, saintifik dan teknikal Professional, scientific and technical activities 4.8

Aktiviti pentadbiran dan khidmat sokongan Administrative and support service activities 6.6

Pentadbiran awam dan pertahanan; aktiviti keselamatan sosial wajib Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 16.1

Pendidikan Education 10.8

Aktiviti kesihatan kemanusiaan dan kerja sosial Human health and social work activities 7.0

Kesenian, hiburan dan rekreasi Arts, entertainment and recreation 1.0

Aktiviti perkhidmatan lain Other service activities 1.4

Aktiviti isi rumah sebagai majikan Activities of households as employers 1.0

Aktiviti badan dan pertubuhan luar wilayah Activities of extraterritorial organisation and bodies 0.0

NOTA TEKNIKAL TECHNICAL NOTES

NOTA TEKNIKAL

TECHNICAL NOTES


OBJEKTIF PENYIASATAN OBJECTIVES OF THE SURVEY

1. Objektif Penyiasatan Migrasi adalah untuk memberikan anggaran pergerakan dan arah aliran penduduk pada peringkat negeri. Selain itu, penyiasatan ini juga bertujuan mendapatkan maklumat tentang ciri sosioekonomi penduduk migran dan bukan migran seperti umur, jantina, guna tenaga dan jenis pekerjaan di tempat destinasi serta sebab penghijrahan penduduk.

1. The main objective of Migration Survey is to provide estimates of population movements and flow at state level. In addition, the survey also aims to obtain information on the socio-economic characteristics of migrants and non-migrants such as age, sex, employment and type of occupation at the place of destination as well as the reasons for population migration.

KAEDAH PENGUMPULAN MAKLUMAT

COLLECTION INFORMATION METHOD

2. Penyiasatan Migrasi yang merupakan salah satu modul Penyiasatan Tenaga Buruh (PTB) menggunakan kaedah temu ramah bersemuka dengan responden. Ketika tempoh penyiasatan, penemu ramah terlatih melawat tempat kediaman terpilih untuk mengumpulkan maklumat ahli isi rumah termasuk butiran demografi.

2. Migration Survey, which is a module of Labour Force Survey (LFS), uses the personal interview method. During the survey period, trained interviewers will visit selected living quarters to collect household members’ information including demographic particulars.

3. Dari segi operasi, soalan Penyiasatan Migrasi ditanyakan kepada ahli isi rumah yang berumur 1 tahun dan lebih.

3. In terms of operation, Migration Survey questions are asked for household members aged 1 year and over.

4. Semakan kerja luar dibuat bagi mengesan maklumat yang tertinggal serta membetulkan sebarang kesalahan semasa penyiasatan dijalankan.

4. Field operation checks are undertaken to identify any omissions of information and to correct any errors occurring at the time of the survey.



DATA DATA

5. Soal selidik penyiasatan telah direka bentuk bagi mengumpul maklumat tempat tinggal biasa responden untuk suatu tempoh tertentu bagi tujuan penentuan taraf migrasi. Responden ditanya mengenai tempat tinggal biasa mereka pada dua titik masa (tarikh) tertentu di mana tempoh di antaranya genap satu tahun. Pertukaran lokaliti tempat tinggal biasa pada dua titik masa ini dianggap sebagai migrasi. Sebarang pergerakan di antara kedua-dua tempoh rujukan ini tidak diambil kira. Ini bererti skop data migrasi dalam Penyiasatan Migrasi adalah terhad kepada “migrasi tempoh tetap”.

5. The survey questionnaire is designed to collect information on respondents’ usual place of residence for a certain period of time to determine migration status. The respondents will be asked for the usual place of residence at two specific point of times (dates) which are exactly one year apart. A change in the usual place of residence locality at these two points in time constitutes migration. Any intervening move between these two reference dates is not taken into consideration. This means the scope of migration data in Migration Survey is confined to “fixed-term migration”.

6. Maklumat demografi dan sosioekonomi ahli akan diambil daripada soal selidik PTB.

6. Details on members’ demographic and socio-economic characteristics will be extracted from LFS’s questionnaire.

TEMPOH RUJUKAN REFERENCE PERIOD

7. Tempoh rujukan penyiasatan adalah “tempoh rujukan bergerak mengikut bulanan” iaitu:

7. The reference period of the survey is “monthly moving reference period” that is:

Bulan penyiasatan Survey month

Tempoh rujukan Reference period

Januari January

1 Januari 2010 hingga 1 Januari 2011 1st January 2010 to 1st January 2011

Februari February

1 Februari 2010 hingga 1 Februari 2011 1st February 2010 to 1st February 2011

Mac March

1 Mac 2010 hingga 1 Mac 2011 1st March 2010 to 1st March 2011

April April

1 April 2010 hingga 1 April 2011 1st April 2010 to 1st April 2011

NOTA TEKNIKAL

TECHNICAL NOTES


Bulan penyiasatan Survey month

Tempoh rujukan Reference period

Mei May

1 Mei 2010 hingga 1 Mei 2011 1st May 2010 to 1st May 2011

Jun June

1 Jun 2010 hingga 1 Jun 2011 1st June 2010 to 1st June 2011

Julai July

1 Julai 2010 hingga 1 Julai 2011 1st July 2010 to 1st July 2011

Ogos August

1 Ogos 2010 hingga 1 Ogos 2011 1st August 2010 to 1st August 2011

September September

1 September 2010 hingga 1 September 2011 1st September 2010 to 1st September 2011

Oktober October

1 Oktober 2010 hingga 1 Oktober 2011 1st October 2010 to 1st October 2011

November November

1 November 2010 hingga 1 November 2011 1st November 2010 to 1st November 2011

Disember December

1 Disember 2010 hingga 1 Disember 2011 1st December 2010 to 1st December 2011

LIPUTAN DAN SKOP COVERAGE AND SCOPE

8. Penyiasatan Migrasi dijalankan serentak dengan PTB dan meliputi penduduk penyiasatan yang sama iaitu kawasan bandar dan luar bandar bagi semua negeri di Malaysia.

8. The Migration Survey which is carried out simultaneously with the LFS covers the same survey population that is urban and rural area for all states in Malaysia.

9. Populasi penyiasatan terdiri daripada penduduk yang tinggal di tempat kediaman persendirian di Malaysia dan tidak termasuk mereka yang tinggal di tempat kediaman institusi seperti hotel, rumah tumpangan, asrama, hospital, rumah orang tua, berek tentera dan penjara.

9. The population covered is drawn from all those residing in private living quarters in Malaysia and therefore excludes persons living in institutions such as hotels, boarding houses, hostels, hospitals, old folks’ homes, military barracks and prisons.



10. Bagi tujuan penyiasatan ini, ahli biasa sesuatu isi rumah mesti memenuhi syarat berikut:

10. For the purpose of this survey, the usual households’ members must satisfy the following conditions:

seorang atau beberapa orang yang

bersaudara dan/atau tidak bersaudara yang biasanya tinggal bersama dan membuat peraturan secara individu atau dalam kumpulan untuk persediaan makanan atau keperluan lain untuk hidup;

one or more person(s) who may be related and/or persons unrelated who usually live together and make provision individually or in a group for the preparation of meal or other essentials for living;

ahli biasa yang telah atau akan tinggal

di sesuatu tempat kediaman sekurang-kurangnya bagi tempoh tiga bulan; dan

usual member that has/will live in a living quarter for a period of at least three months; and

berumur 1 tahun dan lebih. aged 1 year and over.

RANGKA PENSAMPELAN SAMPLING FRAME

11. BP dalam rangka pensampelan juga dikelaskan mengikut kawasan bandar dan luar bandar. Kawasan bandar ditakrifkan mengikut definisi Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan 2000 iaitu merujuk kepada kawasan yang diwartakan serta kawasan tepu bina yang bersempadan dengannya dan gabungan kedua-dua kawasan mempunyai penduduk seramai 10,000 atau lebih semasa Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan 2010. Kawasan selainnya yang diwartakan dan mempunyai penduduk kurang daripada 10,000 orang serta kawasan yang tidak diwartakan dikelaskan sebagai luar bandar. Kawasan tepu bina ditakrifkan sebagai kawasan yang terletak bersebelahan kawasan yang diwartakan dan mempunyai sekurang-kurangya 60 peratus penduduk (berumur 15 tahun dan lebih) yang terlibat dalam aktiviti bukan pertanian.

11. The EBs in the sampling frame are also classified by urban and rural areas. Urban areas as used in the 2000 Population and Housing Census were defined as gazetted areas with their adjoining built-up areas which had a combined population of 10,000 or more at the time of the 2010 Population and Housing Census. All other gazetted areas with a population of less than 10,000 persons and non-gazetted areas are classified as rural. Built-up areas are defined as areas contiguous to a gazetted area and had at least 60 per cent of their population (aged 15 years and over) engaged in non-agricultural activities.

NOTA TEKNIKAL

TECHNICAL NOTES


12. Pengelasan kawasan mengikut strata adalah seperti berikut:

12. The classification of areas by stratum is as follows:

Strata Bilangan penduduk Metropolitan 75,000 dan lebih Bandar besar 10,000 hingga 74,999 Bandar kecil 1,000 hingga 9,999 Luar bandar Kawasan selebihnya

Stratum Number of population Metropolitan 75,000 and over Urban large 10,000 to 74,999 Urban small 1,000 to 9,999 Rural The rest of the areas

13. Bagi tujuan pensampelan, pengelasan yang luas seperti perkara 13 memadai untuk semua negeri di Malaysia. Walau bagaimanapun, bagi Sabah dan Sarawak, oleh kerana kesukaran untuk masuk ke kawasan pedalaman, strata luar bandar dibahagikan lebih lanjut berdasarkan kepada jangka masa yang diambil untuk sampai ke sesuatu tempat dari pusat bandar yang terdekat.

13. For sampling purposes, the broad classification in item 13 is found to be adequate for all states in Malaysia. However, for Sabah and Sarawak, due to problems of accessibility, the rural stratum had to be further sub-stratified based on the time taken to reach the area from the nearest urban centre.

14. Bagi tujuan analisis bandar/luar bandar, strata-strata dicantumkan seperti berikut:

14. For the purpose of urban/rural analysis, the stratum were collapsed as follows:

REKA BENTUK PENSAMPELAN SAMPLE DESIGN

15. Reka bentuk pensampelan berstrata dua peringkat telah digunakan iaitu:

15. A stratified two-stage sample design is adopted that is:

Strata utama - Terdiri daripada negeri-

negeri di Malaysia. Strata kedua - Terdiri daripada strata

bandar dan luar bandar seperti yang ditakrifkan di perkara 15 dan dibentuk di dalam strata utama.

Primary stratum - made up of the states

in Malaysia. Secondary stratum

- made up of the urban and rural stratum as defined in item 15 and formed within the primary stratum.

Urban = Metropolitan + urban large Rural = Urban small + rural Bandar = Metropolitan + bandar besar

Luar bandar = Bandar kecil + luar bandar



16. Sampel telah dipilih secara bebas bagi setiap peringkat pada strata kedua. Unit pensampelan peringkat pertama ialah BP, sementara unit peringkat kedua ialah tempat kediaman (TK) di dalam BP tersebut. TK terpilih meliputi kesemua isi rumah dan orang yang tinggal di dalamnya. Di setiap peringkat pemilihan, unit-unit telah dipilih secara sistematik dengan kebarangkalian yang sama dalam strata kedua.

16. Samples are drawn independently within each level of the secondary stratum. The first stage units of sample selection are the EBs while the second stage units are the living quarters (LQs) within the EBs. All households and persons within the selected LQs are canvassed. At every stage of selection the units are selected systematically with equal probability within each level of the secondary stratum.

SAIZ SAMPEL SAMPLE SIZE

17. Saiz sampel bagi Penyiasatan Migrasi 2011 adalah seperti berikut:

17. The sample size of the Migration Survey 2011 is as follows:

Negeri State

Bilangan BP Terpilih Number of selected EBs

Bilangan TK Terpilih Number of selected LQs

Johor 799 6,477

Kedah 658 5,255

Kelantan 746 6,002

Melaka 667 5,330

Negeri Sembilan 596 4,902

Pahang 747 5,318

Pulau Pinang 568 4,556

Perak 810 6,250

Perlis 450 3,635

Selangor 911 7,460

Terengganu 522 4,289

Sabah 866 6,982

Sarawak 596 4,522

W.P. Kuala Lumpur 369 2,824

W.P. Labuan 110 1,681

W.P. Putrajaya 108 1,832 Malaysia 9,523 77,315

NOTA TEKNIKAL

TECHNICAL NOTES


18. KONSEP DAN DEFINISI 18. CONCEPT AND DEFINITION

Migran - Penduduk yang tempat tinggal biasanya berbeza pada kedua-dua tarikh rujukan dan tidak termasuk mereka yang berhijrah dalam unit lokaliti yang sama.

Migrants - That whose usual place of residence at the two reference dates is different and not include those who move within the same locality.

Bukan migran - Penduduk yang tempat tinggal biasanya sama pada kedua-dua tarikh rujukan, atau mereka yang berhijrah dalam unit lokaliti yang sama.

Non-migrants - Those whose usual place of residence at the two reference dates is the same or those who move within the same locality.

Migran dalaman - Penduduk yang bertukar tempat tinggal biasa di beberapa peringkat geografi di dalam negara. Mereka boleh dikategorikan sebagai migran antara negeri jika mereka berpindah dari satu negeri ke negeri yang lain. Jika pergerakan adalah dalam negeri yang sama, mereka dikategorikan sebagai migran dalam negeri.

Internal migrants - Those who have changed their usual place of residence at various geographical levels. They may be categorised as inter-state migrants if they move from one state to another. If they move within the same state, they are categorised as intra-state migrants.

Migran dalaman = Migran antara negeri + Migran dalam negeri

Internal migrants = Inter-state migrants + Intra-state migrants

Migran antarabangsa - Penduduk yang berpindah dari luar negara ke Malaysia.

International migrants - Those who have moved from other countries to Malaysia.

Migran masuk - Mereka yang berhijrah dari negeri lain dan tinggal di negeri yang dinyatakan.

In-migrants - Those who have moved from another state to stay in the state mentioned.

Migran keluar - Mereka yang berhijrah keluar dari negeri yang dinyatakan dan tinggal di negeri lain.

Out-migrants - Those who have moved out of the state mentioned to stay in another state.

Migrasi kasar - Jumlah migran masuk dan migran keluar bagi sesebuah negeri. Migrasi kasar mengukur magnitud penghijrahan masuk dan keluar bagi sesebuah negeri dan bertujuan

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