membuat prototipe - wordpress.com · 12/9/2014 · membuat prototipe logo. example: ... e.g.,...
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MEMBUAT MEMBUAT MEMBUAT MEMBUAT PROTOTIPEPROTOTIPEPROTOTIPEPROTOTIPE
LOGO
Example: Apple PowerBook Duo Trackball
Prototype: “an approximation of the product along one or more dimensions of interest”“perkiraan bagaimana nantinya suatu produk bersama dengan satu atau lebih dimensi yang menjadi perhatian”
Physical vs. Analytical PrototypesPrototypes
Physical PrototypesT ibl i ti
Analytical PrototypesM th ti l d l f thTangible approximation
of the product.May exhibit unmodeled
Mathematical model of the product.Can only exhibit behaviorMay exhibit unmodeled
behavior. Some behavior may be
f f
Can only exhibit behavior arising from explicitly modeled phenomena. (However, behavior is not alwaysan artifact of the
approximation.Often best for
behavior is not always anticipated.Some behavior may be an Often best for
communication.y
artifact of the analytical method.Oft ll i t l
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Often allow more experimental freedom than physical models.
Focused vs. Comprehensive PrototypesPrototypes
Focused PrototypesImplement one or a few
Comprehensive Prototypesp
attributes of the product.Answer specific
ti b t th
Implement many or all attributes of the product.Offer opport nities forquestions about the
product design.Generally several are
Offer opportunities for rigorous testing.Often best for milestones y
required. and integration.
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Tipe-tipe PrototypesPhysicaly
finalproduct
betaprototype
alphaprototypeball
supportprototype p
t kb ll h i
ComprehensiveFocused
trackball mechanismlinked to circuit
simulation
simulationof trackball notcircuits not
generallyfeasible
Analyticalequations
modeling ballsupports
Fungsi Prototypes
Learninganswering questions about performance or feasibilitye.g., proof-of-concept model
Communicationdemonstration of product for feedbackdemonstration of product for feedbacke.g., 3D physical models of style or function
Integrationteg at ocombination of sub-systems into system modele.g., alpha or beta test models
Milestonesgoal for development team’s schedule
fi t t t bl h d
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e.g., first testable hardware
Boeing 777 Testing
Brakes TestMinimum rotor thicknessMaximum takeoff weightMaximum runway speedWill the brakes ignite?
Wing TestgMaximum loadingWhen will it break?When will it break?Where will it break?
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Comprehensive Prototypes
Many comprehensiveprototypes are built.
Some comprehensiveprototypes build (and sold?).
et R
isk
Hig
h
al o
r Mar
k
One prototype may be Few or no comprehensive
Tech
nica
Low
One prototype may be used for verification.
Few or no comprehensiveprototypes are built.
L
Cost of Comprehensive PrototypeHighLow
Prinsip-prinsip Prototyping
Analytical prototypes pada umumnya lebih fleksibel dibandingkan Physical
t tprototypesPhysical prototypes adalah keharusan untuk mengantisipasi fenomena yang untuk mengantisipasi fenomena yang belum diantisipasiPrototype dapat mengurangi resiko Prototype dapat mengurangi resiko iterasi yang memakan biayaPrototype dapat membantu Prototype dapat membantu ketidakpastian langkah pengembangan lainnya
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Prototype dapat merestrukturisasi ketergantungan antar tugas.
Mengurangi resiko iterasi
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Merestrukturisasi ketergantungan antar tugas
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Membantu langkah pengembangan
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Perhatian :
Consider multiple forms of prototypesChoose the timing of prototype cycles.
Many early models are used to validate concepts.R l ti l f h i d lRelatively few comprehensive models are necessary to test integration
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Perencanaan untuk Prototypes
1. Definisikan tujuan dari prototype
2. Buat tingkat perkiraan yang diinginkan
3. Outline rencana eksperimental
4. Buat jadwal untuk pembelian bahan, j p ,
konstruksi dan test
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Rapid Prototyping Methods
Most of these methods are additive, rather than subtractive, processes. Build parts in layers based on CAD model.p y
SLA=Stereolithography Apparatus bahan : liquid photopolymerSLS=Selective Laser Sintering bahan : thermoplasticSLS=Selective Laser Sintering bahan : thermoplastic powderFDM = Fuse Deposition Model bahan : modelling filamen3D Printing = Free-form fabrication – menciptakan objek fisik secara langsung dari sebuah model yang dibuat di g g y gkomputerLOM=Laminated Object ManufacturingOthers every year
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Others every year...
Rapid Prototyping - SLA
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Free-form fabrication
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Virtual Prototyping
3D computer modeling – menggunakan komputer software, dibuat image dari produk. Seringkali disebut digital mockup. Seringkali disebut digital mockup. 3D CAD models enable many kinds of analysis:- Fit and assembly- Manufacturability- Form and style- Kinematics- Finite element analysis (stress, thermal)
C h t ti- Crash testing
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3D computer modeling
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BMW Virtual Crash Test
From: Scientific American, March 1999
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Traditional Prototyping Methods
CNC machiningRubber molding + urethane castingMaterials: wood, foam, plastics, etc.Model making requires special skillsskills.
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Fabricated Model
Cast UrethaneCast U et a e
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Alpha, Beta and Preproduction PrototypesPrototypesAlpha – digunakan untuk menilai apakah produk
dapat bekerja seperti yang diinginkan. Biasanya part yang digunakan sama dalam bahan dan geometrinya, tapi proses produksinya disesuaikan.
Beta – digunakan untuk menilai reliabilitas dan mencari kelemahan yang masih ada di dalam produk Biasanya beta prototype diberikan pada produk. Biasanya beta prototype diberikan pada konsumen untuk digunakan dalam lingkungan penggunaannya. Diproduksi seperti yang akan dilakukan seperti produk akhir yang diinginkan dilakukan seperti produk akhir yang diinginkan, tetapi tidak dirakit dengan alat dan fasilitas perakitan akhir
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Alpha, Beta and Preproduction PrototypesPrototypes
Preproduction – produk pertama yang di d k i l h k l h diproduksi oleh keseluruhan proses produksi. Pada saat ini, proses produksi hanya menghasilkan kuantitas yang hanya menghasilkan kuantitas yang terbatas saja.
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