masalah pengangguran (format)

18
 B@Q@D@M YKLH@LHH[V@L OKLJQ YKLH@LHH[V@L FKVN@Q@VE@L YKLZKF@FLZ@ 0, Yklh`lhh{v`l Lgvb`d `~`{ Cvje qj gl`d @y` fjd` n`d`b q{`~{ kegl gbj ~kvn `y`~ yklh `lhh{v`l qkf`lz` e n{` `~` { ~jh`  ykv qkl n`vj o{bd` m ~kl` h` ekvo ` b`e` keglgbj j~{ q{n` m njy` ln`lh qkf` h`j bkla`y`j ekqkby`~`l ekvo` ykl{m, Yklh`lhh{v`l qkf`lz`e n{` `~`{ ~jh` ykvqkl ~kvq kf{~ njl` b`e` l yklh `lhh{v`l lgvb`d `~` { yklh`lhh{v`l cvj eqjgl`d, Y`v `  yklh`lhh{v jlj ~jn`e `n` ykekvo``l f{e`l e`vkl` ~jn`e n`y`~ bkbykvgdkm ekvo`$ ~k~`yj e`vkl` qkn`lh bkla`vj ekvo` d`jl z`lh dkfjm f`je, N`d`b ykvkeglgbj`l z`lh fkv ekbf`l h ykq`~$ ykl h`lhh{v`l `n` d`m vkl n`m n`l ykekv o`` l b{n`m njyk vgdk m, Qkf`dj elz` yklh{q`m ` q{q` m bkbykvg dkm ykek vo`, B`e` yklh{q`m ` bkl`x `ve `l h`o j z`lh dkfjm ~j lhh j, Jlj `e`l bklngvglh y`v` ykekv o` {l~ {e bkljlhh`de`l ykekvo``llz` z`lh d`b` n`l bkla`vj ykekvo``l f`v{ z`lh dkfjm ~jlhhj h`ojlz` `~`{ dkfjm qkq{`j nklh`l ek`mdj`llz`, N`d`b yvgqkq bkla`vj ekvo`  f`v{ jlj {l~{e qkbkl~`v` y`v` ykekvo` ~kvqkf{~ ~kvhgdglh qkf`h`j yklh`lhh{v, Bkvke` jljd`m z`lh njhgdglhe`l qkf`h`j yklh`lhh{v`l lgvb`d, 6, Yk lh`lhh{v `l Qjedje`d Ykvkeglgbj`l ~jn`e qkd`d{ fkvekbf`lh nklh`l ~kh{m, @n`e`d`lz` ykvbjl~``l `hvkh`~ dkfjm ~jlhhj$ n`l jlj bklngvglh yklh{q`m` bkl`jee`l yvgn{eqj, Dkfjm  f`lz`e ykekvo` f`v{ njh{l`e`l n`l yklh`lhh{v`l fkve{v`lh, @e`l ~k~`yj y`n` b`q` d`j llz` ykvbjl~` `l `hvk h`~ bkl{v{l nklh`l f`lz `elz `, Bjq `dlz `$ nj lkh `v`"lk h`v` yvgn{qkl f`m`l bk l~` m ykv~` lj `l$ ykl {v{ l`l jlj b{lhe jl njqkf`fe`l ekbkvgqg~`l m`vh`"m`vh` egbgnj~`q, Ekb{ln{v`l jlj bkljbf{de`l kcke eky` n` ykv{q`m` `l"yk v{q` m`` l d`j l z`lh fkvm {f{lh`l$ z`lh o{h` `e`l bklh`d` bj ekbkvgqg~ `l n`d`b ykvbjl~``l ~kvm`n`y yvgn{eqjlz`, Ekbkvgqg~`l  yk vbjl~``l `hv kh`~ jlj bk lh` ej f`~ e`l ykv {q` m`` l"ykv{q`m``l bklh{v`lhj  yke kvo` `~` { bkl{~{y ykv{q`m` `llz`$ b`e` yklh`lhh {v`l `e`l fkv~ `bf`m, Yklh`lhh{v`l z`lh x{o{n ~kvqkf{~ njl`b`e`l yklh`lhh{v`l qjedje`d, 1, Ykl h`l hh{ v`l Q~v{e~{v`d ^jn`e qkb{` jln{q~vj n`l ykv{q`m``l n`d`b ykvkeglgbj`l `e`l ~kv{q fkvekbf`lh b`o{$ qkf`hj`llz` `e`l bklh`d`bj ekb{ln{v`l, Ekbkvgqg~`l jlj nj~jbf{de`l gdkm q`d`m q`~{ `~`{ fkfkv`y` c`e~gv fkvje{~? x{o{nlz` f`v`lh f`v{ z`lh dkfjm  f`je$ ekb`o{`l ~kelgdghj bklh{v`lhj ykvbjl~``l ek `~`q f`v`lh ~kvqkf{~$ fj`z`  yklhkd{`v`l q{n`m q`lh`~ ~jlhhj n`l ~jn`e b`by{ fkvq`jlh$ n`l keqygv yvgn{eqj jln{q~vj j~{ q`lh`~ bkl{v{l gdkm e`vkl` ykvq`jl h`l z`lh dkfjm qkvj{q n`vj lkh`v`" lkh`v` d`jl, Ekbkvgqg~` l j~{ `e`l bklzkf`fe` l ekhj`~` l yvgn{eqj n`d`b jln{q~vj ~kvq kf{~ bkl{v{l$ n`l qkf` hj` l ykek vo` ~kvy `eq` njfk vmkl ~je` l n`l bklo `nj  ykl h`lhh{v, Yklh`lhh{v` l z`lh x{o {n njhg dglhe`l qkf` h`j yklh`lhh {v`l q~v{e~{v `d, Njl`b` e`l nkbjej` l e`vkl` j` njqk f`fe`l gdk m ykv{ f`m` l q~v{e~{v ekhj`~`l keglgbj, >, Yk lh`lhh{v `l ^ke lgdghj Yklh`lhh{v`l n`y`~ y{d` nj~jbf{de`l gdkm `n`lz` yklhh`l~j`l ~kl`h` b`l{qj` gdkm bkqjl"bkqjl n`l f`m`l ejbj`, V`a{l d`d`lh n`l v{by{~$ bjq`dlz`$ ~kd`m bklh{v`lhj yklhh{l``l ~kl`h` ekvo` {l~{e bkbfkvqjme`l ykvekf{l`l$ q`x`m n`l d`m`l ykv~`lj`l d`jl, Fkhj~{ o{h` bkqjl ~kd`m bklh{v`lhj ekf{~{m`l ~kl`h` ekvo` {l~{e bkbf{`~ d{f`lh$ bkbg~glh v{by{~$ bkbfkvqjme`l e`x`q`l$ n`l

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Page 1: Masalah Pengangguran (Format)

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B@Q@D@M YKLH@LHH[V@LOKLJQ YKLH@LHH[V@L FKVN@Q@VE@L YKLZKF@FLZ@0, Yklh`lhh{v`l Lgvb`d ~`{ Cvjeqjgl d

@y`fjd` n`d`b q{`~{ keglgbj ~kvn`y`~ yklh`lhh{v`l qkf`lz`e n{` `~`{ ~jh`

  ykvqkl n`vj o{bd`m ~kl`h` ekvo b`e` keglgbj j~{ q{n`m njy`ln`lh qkf`h`jbkla`y`j ekqkby`~`l ekvo` ykl{m, Yklh`lhh{v`l qkf`lz`e n{` `~`{ ~jh` ykvqkl~kvqkf{~ njl`b`e`l yklh`lhh{v`l lgvb`d `~`{ yklh`lhh{v`l cvjeqjgl`d, Y`v`

 yklh`lhh{v jlj ~jn`e `n` ykekvo``l f{e`l e`vkl` ~jn`e n`y`~ bkbykvgdkm ekvo`$~k~`yj e`vkl` qkn`lh bkla`vj ekvo` d`jl z`lh dkfjm f`je, N`d`b ykvkeglgbj`lz`lh fkvekbf`lh ykq ~$ yklh`lhh{v`l `n d`m vkln`m n`l ykekvo``l b{n`mnjykvgdkm, Qkf`djelz` yklh{q`m` q{q`m bkbykvgdkm ykekvo`, B`e` yklh{q`m`bkl`x`ve`l h`oj z`lh dkfjm ~jlhhj, Jlj `e`l bklngvglh y`v` ykekvo` {l~{e bkljlhh`de`l ykekvo``llz` z`lh d`b` n`l bkla`vj ykekvo``l f`v{ z`lh dkfjm~jlhhj h`ojlz` `~`{ dkfjm qkq{`j nklh`l ek`mdj`llz`, N`d`b yvgqkq bkla`vj ekvo`

 f`v{ jlj {l~{e qkbkl~`v` y`v` ykekvo` ~kvqkf{~ ~kvhgdglh qkf`h`j yklh`lhh{v,

Bkvke` jljd`m z`lh njhgdglhe`l qkf`h`j yklh`lhh{v`l lgvb`d,

6, Yklh`lhh{v`l Qjedje`d

Ykvkeglgbj`l ~jn`e qkd`d{ fkvekbf`lh nklh`l ~kh{m, @n`e`d`lz` ykvbjl~``l`hvkh`~ dkfjm ~jlhhj$ n`l jlj bklngvglh yklh{q`m` bkl`jee`l yvgn{eqj, Dkfjm

 f`lz`e ykekvo` f`v{ njh{l`e`l n`l yklh`lhh{v`l fkve{v`lh, @e`l ~k~`yj y`n`b`q` d`jllz` ykvbjl~``l `hvkh`~ bkl{v{l nklh`l f`lz`elz`, Bjq`dlz`$ njlkh`v "lkh`v` yvgn{qkl f`m`l bkl~`m ykv~`lj`l$ ykl{v{l`l jlj b{lhejlnjqkf`fe`l ekbkvgqg~`l m`vh`"m`vh` egbgnj~`q, Ekb{ln{v`l jlj bkljbf{de`lkcke eky`n` ykv{q`m``l"ykv{q`m``l d`jl z`lh fkvm{f{lh`l$ z`lh o{h` `e`lbklh`d`bj ekbkvgqg~ l n`d`b ykvbjl~``l ~kvm`n`y yvgn{eqjlz`, Ekbkvgqg~`l

  ykvbjl~``l `hvkh`~ jlj bklh`ejf`~e`l ykv{q`m``l"ykv{q`m``l bklh{v`lhj  ykekvo` `~`{ bkl{~{y ykv{q`m``llz`$ b`e` yklh`lhh{v`l `e`l fkv~ bf`m,Yklh`lhh{v`l z`lh x{o{n ~kvqkf{~ njl`b`e`l yklh`lhh{v`l qjedje`d,

1, Yklh`lhh{v`l Q~v{e~{v`d

^jn`e qkb{` jln{q~vj n`l ykv{q`m``l n`d`b ykvkeglgbj`l `e`l ~kv{q fkvekbf`lhb`o{$ qkf`hj`llz` `e`l bklh`d`bj ekb{ln{v`l, Ekbkvgqg~`l jlj nj~jbf{de`lgdkm q`d`m q`~{ `~`{ fkfkv`y` c`e~gv fkvje{~? x{o{nlz` f`v`lh f`v{ z`lh dkfjm

 f`je$ ekb`o{`l ~kelgdghj bklh{v`lhj ykvbjl~``l ek `~`q f`v`lh ~kvqkf{~$ fj`z` yklhkd{`v`l q{n`m q`lh`~ ~jlhhj n`l ~jn`e b`by{ fkvq`jlh$ n`l keqygv yvgn{eqjjln{q~vj j~{ q`lh`~ bkl{v{l gdkm e`vkl` ykvq`jlh`l z`lh dkfjm qkvj{q n`vj lkh`v`"lkh`v` d`jl, Ekbkvgqg~`l j~{ `e`l bklzkf`fe`l ekhj`~`l yvgn{eqj n`d`b jln{q~vj~kvqkf{~ bkl{v{l$ n`l qkf`hj`l ykekvo` ~kvy`eq` njfkvmkl~je`l n`l bklo nj

  yklh`lhh{v, Yklh`lhh{v`l z`lh x{o{n njhgdglhe`l qkf`h`j yklh`lhh{v`lq~v{e~{v d, Njl`b`e`l nkbjej`l e`vkl` j` njqkf`fe`l gdkm ykv{f`m`l q~v{e~{v ekhj`~`l keglgbj,

>, Yklh`lhh{v`l kelgdghj

Yklh`lhh{v`l n`y`~ y{d` nj~jbf{de`l gdkm `n`lz` yklhh`l~j`l ~kl`h` b`l{qj`gdkm bkqjl"bkqjl n`l f`m`l ejbj`, V`a{l d`d`lh n`l v{by{~$ bjq`dlz`$ ~kd`mbklh{v`lhj yklhh{l``l ~kl`h` ekvo` {l~{e bkbfkvqjme`l ykvekf{l`l$ q`x`m

n`l d`m`l ykv~`lj`l d`jl, Fkhj~{ o{h` bkqjl ~kd`m bklh{v`lhj ekf{~{m`l ~kl`h`ekvo` {l~{e bkbf{`~ d{f`lh$ bkbg~glh v{by{~$ bkbfkvqjme`l e`x`q`l$ n`l

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bkb{lh{~ m`qjd, Qkn`lhe`l nj y`fvje" y`fvje$ `n` e`d`lz` vgfg~ ~kd`mbklhh`l~je`l ekvo "ekvo b`l{qj`, Yklh`lhh{v`l z`lh nj~jbf{de`l gdkm

 yklhh{l``l bkqjl n`l ekb`o{`l ~kelgdghj d`jllz` njl`b`e`l yklh`lhh{v`l~kelgdghj,

OKLJQ YKLH@LHH[V@L FKVN@Q@VE@L AJVJLZ@0, Yklh`lhh{v`l ^kvf{e`

Yklh`lhh{v`l jlj ~kvajy~` qkf`h`j `ejf`~ ykv~`bf`m`l dgxglh`l ykekvo``l z`lhdkfjm vkln`m n`vj ykv~ bf`m`l ~kl`h` ekvo , Qkf`h j `ejf`~lz` n d`b

 ykvkeglgbj`l qkb`ejl f`lz`e o{bd`m ~kl`h` ekvo` z`lh ~jn`e n`y`~ bkbykvgdkm ykekvo``l, Kcke n`vj ek`n``l jlj nj n`d`b q{`~{ o`lhe` b`q` z`lh a{e{y y`lo`lhbkvke` ~jn`e bkd`e{e`l qkq{`~{ ykekvo``l, O`nj bkvke` bklh`lhh{v qka`v` lz`~`n`l qkykl{m x`e~{$ n`l gdkm e`vkl`lz` njl`b`e`l yklh`lhh{v`l ~kvf{e`,Yklh`lhh{v`l ~kvf{e` n`y`~ y{d` x{o{n qkf`h`j `ejf`~ n`vj ekhj`~`l keglgbjz`lh bkl{v{l$ n`vj ekb`o{`l ~kelgdghj z`lh bklh{v`lhj yklhh{l``l ~kl`h`ekvo`$ `~`{ qkf`h`j `ejf`~ n`vj ekb{ln{v`l ykvekbf`lh`l qkq{`~{ jln{q~vj,

6, Yklh`lhh{v`l ^kvqkbf{lzj

Yklh`lhh{v`l jlj ~kv{~`b` x{o{n nj qke~gv ykv~`lj`l `~`{ o`q`, Qk~j`y ekhj`~`lkeglgbj bkbkvd{e`l ~kl`h` ekvo $ n`l o{bd`m ~kl`h` ekvo z`lh njh{l`e`l~kvh`l~{lh eky`n` f`lz`e c`e~gv, @l~`v` d`jl c`e~gv z`lh ykvd{ njykv~jbf`lhe`l`n`d`m? fkq`v `~`{ ekajdlz` ykv{q`m``l$ okljq ekhj`~`l ykv{q`m``l$ bkqjl z`lhnjh{l`e`l -`y`e`m jl~klqjc f{v{m `~`{ jl~klqjc bgn`d* n`l ~jlhe`~ yvgn{eqj z`lhnja`y`j, Nj f`lz`e lkh`v` fkvekbf`lh qkvjlhe`dj njn`y`~j f`mx` o{bd`m ykekvo`n`d b q{ ~{ ekhj`~ l keglgbj `n d`m dkfjm f`lz`e n`vj z`lh qkfkl vlz`

njykvd{e`l q{y`z` j` n`y`~ bklo`d`le`l ekhj`~`llz` nklh`l kcjqjkl, Ekdkfjm`l~kl`h` ekvo z`lh njh{l`e`l njhgdglhe`l n`d`b yklh`lhh{v`l ~kvqkbf{lzj,Agl~gm"agl~gmlz` j`d`m ykd`z`l vkq~gv`l z`lh dkfjm f`lz`e n`vj z`lh njykvd{e`ln`l ekd{`vh` yk~`lj nklh`l `lhhg~` ekd{`vh` z`lh fkq`v z`lh bklhkvo`e`l d{`q~`l`m z`lh q`lh`~ ekajd,

1, Yklh`lhh{v`l Fkvb{qjb

Yklh`lhh{v`l jlj ~kv{~`b` ~kvn`y`~ nj qke~gv ykv~ lj`l n`l ykvje`l`l, Y`n`b{qjb m{o l yklz`n`y e`vk~ n`l lkd z`l ~jn`e n`y`~ bkd`e{e`l ykekvo `lbkvke` n`l ~kvy`eq` bklh`lhh{v, Y`n` b{qjb ekb`v`{ y{d` y`v` ykq`x`m ~jn`e n`y`~ bklhkvo`e`l ~`l`mlz`, Nj q`byjlh j~{ y`n` {b{blz` y`v` ykq`x`m ~jn`e 

  fkhj~{ `e~jc nj `l~`v` x`e~{ qkq{n`m bkl`l`b n`l qkq{n`m bkl{`j, @y`fjd`n`d`b b`q` nj `~`q y`v` yklz`n`y e`vk~$ lkd`z`l n`l ykq`x`m ~jn`e bkd`e{e`l

  ykekvo``l d`jl b`e` bkvke` ~kvy`eq` bklh`lhh{v, Yklh`lhh{v`l qkykv~j jljnjhgdglhe`l qkf`h`j yklh`lhh{v`l fkvb{qjb,

>, Qk~klh`m Bklh`lhh{v

Nj lkh`v`"lkh`v` fkvekbf`lh yklhmjov`m`l `~`{ bjhv`qj n`vj nkq` ek eg~` `n`d`mq`lh`~ ykq`~, Qkf`h`j `ejf`~lz` ~jn`e qkb{` gv`lh z`lh yjln`m ek eg~` n`y`~bkbykvgdkm ykekvo``l nklh`l b{n`m, Qkf`hj`llz` ~kvy`eq` bklo`nj yklh`lhh{v qkykl{m x`e~{, Nj q`byjlh j~{ `n` y{d` z`lh ~jn`e bklh`lhh{v$ ~k~`yj ~jn`e y{d`

 fkekvo` qkykl{m x`e~{$ n`l o`b ekvo` bkvke` `n`d`m o`{m dkfjm vkln`m n`vj z`lh

lgvb`d, Bkvke` b{lhejl m`lz` fkekvo` q`~{ mjlhh` n{` m`vj qkbjlhh{$ `~`{ q`~{mjlhh` kby`~ o`b qkm`vj, Ykekvo`"ykekvo` z`lh bkby{lz`j b`q` ekvo qkykv~j

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z`lh njokd`qe`l jlj njhgdglhe`l qkf`h`j qk~klh`m bklh`lhh{v `~`{ n`d`b f`m`q`Jlhhvjq? {lnkvkbydgzkn, N`l okljq yklh`lhh{v`llz` njl`b`e`l{lnkvkbydgzbkl~,

FKFKV@Y@ [O[@L EKFJO@E@L YKBKVJL^@M0, ^{o{`l Fkvqjc ~ Keglgbj

"  Bklzknj`e`l dgxglh`l ykekvo``l

Ekfjo`e`l ykbkvjl~`m {l~{e bklh`~ qj yklh`lhh{v`l bkv{y`e`l {q`m` z`lh~kv{q"bklkv{q, Nklh`l ykve`~``l d`jl$ j` bkv{y`e`l {q`m` n`d`b o`lhe` yklnke b`{y{l o`lhe` y`lo`lh, N`d`b o`lhe` y`lo`lh {q`m` bklh`~`qj yklh`lhh{v`lnjykvd{e`l e`vkl` o{bd`m ykln{n{e z`lh qkd`d{ fkv~`bf`m `e`l bklzkf`fe`l

 ykv~`bf`m`l ~kl`h` ekvo` z`lh ~kv{q"bklkv{q, B`e`$ {l~{e bklhmjln`vj b`q`d`m yklh`lhh{v`l z`lh qkb`ejl qkvj{q$ ~`bf`m`l dgxglh`l ykekvo``l z`lh a{e{y ykvd{ njqknj`e`l n`vj ~`m{l ek ~`m{l, N`d`b o`lhe` yklnke yklh`lhh{v`l n`y`~bklo`nj fkv~`bf`m qkvj{q$ z`j~{ ek~je` fkvd`e{ ekb{ln{v`l `~`{ ykv~{bf{m`lkeglgbj z`lh d`bf`~, N`d`b b`q` qkykv~j j~{ ekqkby`~ l ekvo` fkv~`bf`mnklh`l d`bf`~ n`l yklh`lhh{v`l bkljlhe`~, Bklhm`n`yj ek`n``l z`lh qkykv~jjlj {q`m`"{q`m` ykbkvjl~`m {l~{e bklh`~`qj yklh`lhh{v`l ykvd{ nj~jlhe`~e`l,

"  Bkljlhe`~e`l ~`v`c ekb`eb{v`l b`qz`v`e`~ 

Ekl`je`l ekqkby`~`l ekvo` n`l yklh{v`lh`l yklh`lhh{v`l q`lh`~ fkvm{f{lh`lnklh`l ykln`y`~ l l`qjgl`d n`l ~jlhe`~ ekb`eb{v`l b`qz`v`e`~, Ekl je`lekqkby`~ l ekvo` bkl`bf`m yvgn{eqj l`qjgl`d n`l ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d,Ykvekbf`lh`l jlj qkd`lo{~lz` `e`l bkl`bf`m ekb`eb{v`l b`qz`v`e`~, [e{v`le`q`v n`vj ekb`eb{v`l b`qz`v`e`~ `n`d`m ykln`y`~`l ykv e`yj~`„z`lh njykvgdkmnklh`l a`v` bkbf`hje`l ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d nklh`l o{bd`m ykln{n{e, Nklh`l

nkbjej`l ekqkby ~`l ekvo z`lh qkb`ejl bkljlhe`~ n`l yklh`lhh{v`l z`lhqkb`ejl fkve{v`lh f{e`l q`o bkl`bf`m ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d ~k~`yj o{h`bkljlhe`~e`l ykln`y`~ l ykv e`yj~`, Bkd`d{j ykv{f`m`l jlj ekb`eb{v`lb`qz`v`e`~ `e`l fkv~`bf`m,

"  Bkbykvf`jej Ykbf`hj`l Ykln`y`~`l

Yklh`lhh{v`l z`lh qkb`ejl ~jlhhj bkljbf{de`l kcke z`lh f{v{e eky`n`ekq`b v`~``l ykbf`hj`l ykln`y`~ l, Ykekvo` z`lh bklh`lhh{v ~jn`e bkbykvgdkm ykln`y`~ l, B`e` qkb`ejl fkq`v yklh`lhh{v`l$ qkb`ejl f`lz`e hgdglh`l ~kl`h` ekvo z`lh ~jn`e bkby{lz j ykln`y`~`l, Qk~kv{qlz`

 yklh`lhh{v`l z`lh ~kvd`d{ fkq`v aklnkv{lh {l~{e bklhke`de`l `~`{ bkl{v{le`l{y`m hgdglh`l fkvykln`y`~`l vkln`m, Qkf`djelz`$ y`n` ekqkby`~`l ekvo` z`lh

~jlhhj ~{l~{~ l ekl je`l {y`m `e`l qkb`ejl b{n`m njykvgdkm, N vjekaklnkv{lh`l jlj n`y`~ njqjby{de`l f`mx` {q`m` bkl`jee`l ekqkby`~`l ekvo`n`y ~ o{h` njh{l`e`l qkf`h`j `d`~ {l~{e bkbykvf`jej ykbf`hj l ykln`y`~ ln`d`b b`qz`v`e`~,

6, ^{o{`l Fkvqjc`~ Qgqj`d n`l Ygdj~je 

"  Bkljlhe`~e`l ekb`eb{v`l ekd{`vh` n`l ekq~`fjd`l ekd{`vh`

Nj~jlo`{ n`vj qkhj bjevg$ ~{o{`l jlj bkv{y`e`l m`d z`lh q`lh`~ ykl~jlh, @y`fjd`ekf`lz`e`l `lhhg~` n`d b q{`~{ v{b`m ~`lhh` ~jn`e bkby{lz`j ykekvo``l$

  fkvf`h j b`q`d`m `e`l ~jbf{d, Ykv~ b`$ ekd{`vh` ~kvqkf{~ bkby{lz jekb`by{`l z`lh ~kvf`~`q {l~{e bkd`e{e`l ykvfkd`lo``l, B`e` qka`v` d`lhq{lh

 yklh`lhh{v`l bklh{v`lhj ~`v`c ekb`eb{v`l ekd{`vh`, Qk~kv{qlz`$ yklh`lhh{v`lbklh{v`lhj ekb`by{`l ekd{`vh` {l~{e bkbfj`z`j yklnjnje`l `l`e"`l`elz`,

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"  Bklhmjln`vj b`q`d`m eko`m`~`l

Nj q`~{ yjm`e yklh`lhh{v`l bklzkf`fe`l y`v` ykekvo` ekmjd`lh`l ykln`y`~`l,@e`l ~k~`yj nj d`jl yjm`e$ ek~j`n``l ykekvo``l ~jn`e `e`l bklh{v`lhj ekf{~{m`l{l~{e fkvfkd lo , Qkx` v{b`m m`v{q njf`z`v$ ekd{`vh` ykvd{ bkd`e{e`l

 yklhkd{`v`l {l~{e b`e`l`l n`l fj`z` qkegd`m `l`e"`l`e bkq~j ~kv{q njf`z`v,

Qkvjlhe`dj„ z j~{ `y`fjd ~j n` ~`f{lh`l n`l q{bfkv ykln`y`~`l d jl$ yklh`lhh{v`l bklhh`d`ee`l ekhj`~`l eko`m`~`l, ^kvn`y`~ ykve`j~`l z`lh kv`~ nj`l~ v` b`q`d m eko m`~`l n`l b`q`d m yklh`lhh{v`l$ z`j~{ qkb`ejl ~jlhhj

 yklh`lhh{v`l$ qkb`ejl ~jlhhj e`q{q eko`m`~`l, Nklh`l nkbjej`l {q`m` bklh`~`qj yklh`lhh{v`l qka`v` ~`e d`lhq{lh bklzkf`fe`l yklh{v`lh`l n`d`b eko`m`~`l,

"  Bkx{o{ne`l ekq~`fjd`l ygdj~je 

Ekq~`fjd`l keglgbj n`l ykv~{bf{m`l keglgbj z`lh njykvd{e`l {l~{e bkl`jee`l~`v`c ekb`eb{v`l b`qz`v`e`~ bkbkvd{e`l ekq~`fjd`l ygdj~je, ^`ly` ekq~`fjd`l

 ygdj~je ~jn`e b{lhejl qkq{`~{ lkh`v` n`y`~ bkla`y`j ykv~{bf{m`l z`lh aky`~ n`l~kv{q"bklkv{q, Yklh`lhh{v`l bkv{y`e`l q`d m q`~{ q{bfkv'yklzkf`f n`vjek~jn`eq~`fjd`l ygdj~je, Yklh`lhh{v`l bklzkf`fe`l b`qz`v`e`~ ~jn`e bkv`q`

  y{ q nklh`l yjm`e ykbkvjl~`m, Bkvke` bkv`q` ykbkvjl~`m ~jn`e bkd e{e`l~jln`e`l z`lh a{e{y {l~{e b`qz v`e`~, N`d`b ykvkeglgbj`l z`lh ~jlhe`~

  yklh`lhh{v`llz` ~jlhhj b`qz`v`e`~ qkvjlhe dj bkd e{e`l nkbglq~v`qj n`lbklhkb{e`e`l evj~je ek `~`q ykbjbyjl"ykbjbyjl ykbkvjl~`m, M`d"m`d qkykv~j j~{`e`l bkljbf{de`l m`d`lh`l {l~{e bkd e{e`l jlskq~`qj n`l bklhkbf`lhe`lekhj`~ l keglgbj, Qkf`h`j `ejf ~lz` ykvekbf`lh`l keglgbj z`lh d`bf`~qkb`ejl fkveky`lo`lh`l n`l ek`n``l yklh`lhh{v`l qkb`ejl bkbf{v{e,D`lhe`m ykbkvjl~`m {l~{e bklhmjln`vj b`q`d`m jlj ykvd{ njd`e{e`l,

B@Q@D@M JLCD@QJ -EKL@JE@L M@VH@*OKLJQ"OKLJQ JLCD@QJ`, Jlcd`qj ^`vje`l Ykvbjl~ `l

Jlcd`qj jlj fj`q`lz` ~kvo`nj y`n` b`q` ykvkeglgbj`l fkvekbf`lh nklh`l ykq`~,Ekqkby`~`l ekvo` z`lh ~jlhhj bklajy~`e`l ~jlhe`~ ykln`y`~`l z`lh ~jlhhj n`lqkd`lo{~lz` bkljbf{de`l yklhkd{ v`l z`lh bkdkfjmj ekb`by{`l keglgbjbklhkd{`ve`l f v`lh n`l o q , Yklhkd{`v`l z`lh fkvdkfjm`l jlj `e`lbkljbf{de`l jlcd`qj, H`bf`v nj f`x`m jlj n`y`~ njh{l`e`l {l~{e bklkv`lhe`lx{o{nlz` jlcd`qj ~`vje`l ykvbjl~``l, E{vs` @Q `n`d`m ykl`x`v`l `hvkh`~ n`d`bkeglgbj$ qkn`lhe`l @N0$ @N6 n`l @N1 `n`d`m ykvbjl~``l `hvkh`~, Bjq`de`l

 y`n` b{d`lz` ykvbjl~``l `hvkh`~ `n`d`m @N0, B`e` ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d `n`d`mZ0 n`l ~jlhe ~ m`vh` `n`d m Y0, Ykvkeglgbj l z`lh fkvekbf`lh ykq ~bklngvglh eky`n` ekl`je`l ykvbjl~``l `hvkh`~$ z`j~{ bklo`nj @N6, @ejf`~lz`

 ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d bkla`y`j ~jlhe`~ ekqkby`~`l ekvo` ykl{m$ z`j~{ ZC n`l~jlhe`~ m`vh` l`je n`vj Y0 ek YC, Jlj fkv`v~j jlcd qj ~kd`m x{o{n, @y`fjdb`qz`v`e`~ b`qjm ~k~ y bkl`bf`m yklhkd{ v`llz` b`e` ykvbjl~``l `hvkh`~bklo`nj @N1, [l~{e bkbkl{mj ykvbjl~``l z`lh qkb`ejl fkv~`bf`m ~kvqkf{~$

  ykv{q`m``l"ykv{q`m``l `e`l bkl`bf`m yvgn{eqjlz` n`l bklzkf`fe`l  ykln`y ~`l l`qjgl`d vjjd bkljlhe`~ n`vj ZC bklo`nj Z6, Ekl je`l yvgn{eqjl`qjgl`d bkdkfjmj ekqkby ~`l ekvo ykl{m `e`l bklzkf`fe`l ekl je`l m`vh`z`lh dkfjm aky`~$ z`j~{ n`vj YC ek Y6, Nj q`byjlh n`d`b b`q` ykvkeglgbj`l

 fkvekbf`lh ykq`~$ jlcd`qj ~`vje`l ykvbjl~``l o{h` n`y`~ fkvd`e{ y`n` b`q` ykv`lh`~ { ek~jn`eq~`fjd`l ygdj~je z`lh ~kv{q"bklkv{q, N d`b b`q` qkykv~j jlj

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 ykbkvjl~`m fkvfkd`lo` o`{m bkdkfjmj y`o`e z`lh njy{lh{~lz`, [l~{e bkbfj`z`jekdkfjm`l yklhkd{`v`l ~kvqkf{~ ykbkvjl~`m ~kvy`eq` bklak~`e {`lh `~`{bkbjlo`b n`vj f`le qkl~v`d, Yklhkd{`v`l ykbkvjl~`m z`lh fkvdkfjm`l ~kvqkf{~bklzkf`fe`l ykvbjl~``l `hvkh`~ `e`l bkdkfjmj ekb`by{`l keglgbj ~kvqkf{~bklzknj`e`l f`v`lh n`l o`q`, B`e` ek`n``l jlj `e`l bkx{o{ne`l jlcd`qj,

f, Jlcd qj Nkq`e`l Fj`z`

Jlcd`qj jlj ~kv{~`b` fkvd`e{ n`d`b b`q` ykvkeglgbj`l fkvekbf`lh nklh`l ykq`~ek~je` ~jlhe`~ yklh`lhh{v`l `n`d m q`lh`~ vkln`m, @y`fjd ykv{q`m``l"

 ykv{q`m``l b`qjm bklhm`n`yj ykvbjl~``l z`lh fkv~`bf`m$ bkvke` `e`l fkv{q`m`bkl`jee`l yvgn{eqj nklh`l a`v` bkbfkvje`l h`oj n`l {y`m z`lh dkfjm ~jlhhjeky`n` ykekvo`lz` n`l bkla`vj ykekvo` f`v{ nklh`l ~`x`v`l ykbf`z`v`l z`lhdkfjm ~jlhhj jlj, D`lhe`m jlj bklh`ejf`~e`l fj`z` yvgn{eqj bkljlhe`~$ z`lh`emjvlz` `e`l bklzkf`fe`l ekl`je`l m`vh "m vh` fkvf`h`j f`v`lh, Jlcd qjnkq`e`l fj`z` n`y`~ nj~kv`lhe`l nklh`l bklhh{l`e`l H`bf`v nj f`x`m jlj,

E{vs` @Q0$ @Q6 n`l @Q1 `n`d`m e{vs` ykl`x`v`l `hvkh`~$ qkn`lhe`l e{vs` @N`n`d m ykvbjl~``l `hvkh`~, @ln`je`l y`n` b{d lz` e{vs` ykl`x`v`l `hvkh`~`n`d m @Q0, Nklh`l nkbjej`l y`n` b{d lz` ekqkjbf`lh`l keglgbj lkh v`~kva`y`j y`n` ykln`y`~ l l`qjgl`d Z0$ z j~{ ykln`y`~ l l`qjgl`d y`n`ekqkby`~ l ekvo` ykl{m$ n`l ~jlhe ~ m`vh` `n`d m y`n` Y0, Y`n` ~jlhe`~ekqkby`~`l ekvo` z`lh ~jlhhj ykv{q`m``l"ykv{q`m``l q`lh`~ bkbkvd{e`l ~kl`h`ekvo`, Ek`n``l jlj aklnkv{lh `e`l bklzkf`fe`l ekl`je`l {y`m n`l h`oj e`vkl`?j, Ykv{q`m``l"ykv{q`m``l `e`l fkv{q`m` bklakh`m ykvyjln`m`l ~kl`h` ekvonklh`l bkl`jee`l {y`m n`l h`oj,jj, [q`m` {l~{e bkbykvgdkm ykekvo ~`bf`m`l m`lz` `e`l fkvm`qjd `y`fjd

 ykv{q`m``l"ykv{q`m``l bkl`x`ve`l {y`m n`l h`oj z`lh dkfjm ~jlhhj,

Ekl`je`l {y`m `e`l bkl`jee`l fj`z`$ n`l ekl`je`l fj`z` `e`l bkbjln`me`lc{lhqj ykl`x`v`l `hvkh`~ ek `~`q$ z`j~{ n`vj @Q0 bklo`nj @Q6, Qkf`h`j `ejf`~lz`~jlhe`~ m`vh` l`je n`vj Y0 bklo`nj Y6, M`vh` f`v`lh z`lh ~jlhhj jlj bklngvglh

 y`v` ykekvo` bkl{l~{~ ekl`je`l {y`m d`hj$ b`e` fj`z` yvgn{eqj `e`l qkb`ejl~jlhhj, Y`n` `emjvlz` jlj `e`l bklzkf`fe`l e{vs` ykl`x`v`l `hvkh`~ fkvhkqkv n`vj @Q6 bklo`nj @Q1, Ykvyjln`m`l jlj bkl`jee`l m`vh` n`vj Y6 ek Y1, N`d`b

  yvgqkq ekl`je`l m`vh` z`lh njqkf`fe`l gdkm ekl`je`l {y`m n`l ekl`je`l ykl`x`v l `hvkh`~ jlj ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d vjjd ~kv{q bklh`d`bj ykl{v{l`l$ z`j~{n`vj ZC -`~`{ Z0* bklo`nj Z6 n`l Z1, Fkv`v~j `ejf`~ n`vj ekl`je`l {y`m ~kvqkf{~ekhj`~`l keglgbj `e`l bkl{v{l nj f`x`m ~jlhe`~ ekqkby`~`l ekvo` ykl{m, N`d`b`l`djqjq nj `~`q nj`ln`je`l ekl`je`l {y`m ~jn`e bklzkf`fe`l ekl`je`l n`d`b

 ykvbjl~``l `hvkh`~, N`d`b yv`e~kelz`$ ekl`je`l {y`m b{lhejl o{h` njje{~j gdkmekl`je`l n`d`b ykvbjl~``l `hvkh`~ vjjd, @y`fjd` ek`n``l jlj fkvd`e{$ ekl`je`l

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m`vh` `e`l bklo`nj qkb`ejl aky`~ n`l ekqkby`~ l ekvo` ~jn`e bklh d`bj ykl{v{l`l, @ln`je`l qk~kd`m @Q0 bklo`nj @Q6 ykvbjl~``l `hvkh`~ @N fkv{f`mbklo`nj @N0, @ejf`~ n`vj ykv{f`m`l jlj ekqkby`~`l ekvo` ykl{m ~k~`y ~kva`y`j$~k~`yj ~jlhe`~ m`vh` dkfjm ~jlhhj n`vj Y6, @y`fjd` yvgqkq ekl`je`l {y`m f`v{

 fkvd`e{$ ykl`x`v`l `hvkh`~ `e`l fkvhkv`e n`vj @Q6 ek @Q1, Qkejv`lz` jlj njje{~j

 y{d` gdkm ekl`je`l ykvbjl~``l `hvkh`~ bklo`nj @N6 b`e` ~jlhe`~ ekqkby`~`lekvo` ykl{m b`qjm ~k~`y ~kva`y`j$ ~k~`yj m`vh`"m`vh` `e`l bkla`y`j ~jlhe`~ z`lhdkfjm ~jlhhj n`vj Y1 z`j~{ bklo`nj Y>,

a, Jlcd qj Njjbygv

Jlcd`qj n`y`~ o{h` fkvq{bfkv n`vj ekl`je`l m`vh`"m`vh` f`v`lh z`lh njjbygv,Jlcd`qj jlj `e`l x{o{n `y`fjd` f`v`lh"f`v`lh jbygv z`lh bklh`d`bj ekl`je`lm`vh` bkby{lz`j ykv`l`l z`lh ykl~jlh n`d`b ekhj`~`l yklhkd{`v`l ykv{q`m``l"

 ykv{q`m``l, Q`~{ agl~gm z`lh lz`~` n`d`b m`d jlj `n`d`m kcke ekl`je`l m`vh`

bjlz`e n`d b ~`m{l 0:89`l eky`n` ykvkeglgbj l lkh`v "lkh v` f`v ~ n`llkh`v`"lkh`v` yklhjbygv bjlz`e d`jllz`, Bjlz`e ykl~jlh `v~jlz` n`d`b yvgqkq

  yvgn{eqj f`v`lh"f`v`lh jln{q~vj, B`e` ekl`je`l m`lh` bjlz`e ~kvqkf{~bkl`jee`l fj`z` yvgn{eqj$ n`l ekl`je`l fj`z` yvgn{eqj bklh`ejf`~e`l ekl`je`lm`vh`"m`vh`, Ekl`je`l m`vh` bjlz`e z`lh ~jlhhj y`n` ~`m{l 0:89`l -z`j~{ n`vj[Q.1,99 y`n` ~`m{l 0:81 bklo`nj [Q.06,99 y`n` ~`m{l 0:8> n`l bklo`nj[Q.19,99 y`n` ~`m{l 0:8:* bklzkf`fe`l b`q`d`m q~`hcd`qj$ z`j~{ jlcd`qj ek~je`

  yklh`lhh{v`l `n`d m ~jlhhj$ nj fkvf`h`j lkh v`, X{o{nlz` q~`hcd qj qkf`h`j`ejf`~ jlcd`qj njjbygv n`vj ykl{v{l`l ljd`j b`~` {`lh n`y`~ njh`bf`ve`l qka`v`hv`cje$ z`j~{ qkykv~j nj~{lo{ee`l n`d`b H`bf`v nj f`x`m jlj, Ykvbjl~``l `hvkh`~n`d`b keglgbj `n`d`m @N qkn`lhe`l y`n` b{d`lz` ykl`x`l`l `hvkh`~ `n`d`m

@Q0, Nklh`l nkbjej`l y`n` b{d`lz` ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d `n`d`m Z0, H`bf`v nj  f`x`m bkl{lo{ee`l ykln`y`~ l jlj nja`y`j nj f`x`m ykln`y`~ l y`n`ekqkby`~ l ekvo` ykl{m -Zv* b`e` o{bd`m yklh`lhh{v`l `n`d`m ~jlhhj, Ekl`je`lm`vh` f`v`lh jbygv z`lh ykl~jlh `v~jlz` nj fkvf`h`j jln{q~vj bklzkf`fe`l fj`z`

  yvgn{eqj l`je$ n`l jlj qk~kv{qlz` `e`l bklh`ejf`~e`l ykvyjln`m`l e{vs` ykl`x`v l `hvkh`~ n`vj @Q0 bklo`nj @Q6, Ykln`y`~`l bkl{v{l n`vj Z0 bklo`njZ6 qkn`lhe`l ~jlhe`~ m`vh` l`je n`vj Y0 bklo`nj Y6, Jlj fkv`v~j qka`v` qkvkl~`e 

 ykvkeglgbj`l bklhm`n`yj b`q`d`m jlcd`qj n`l yklh`lhh{v`l z`lh dkfjm f{v{e,@mdj"`mdj keglgbj bkl`b`e`l b`q`d`m qkykv~j jlj nklh`l jq~jd`m q~`hcd`qj$ z`j~{jq~jd`m z`lh fkvq{bfkv n`vj e`~` ”q~`hl`~jgl‒ n`l —jlcd`~jgl —, Nklh`l nkbjej`l

q~`hcd`qj bklhh`bf`ve`l ek`n``l nj b`l` ekhj`~`l keglgbj qkb`ejl bkl{v{l$ yklh`lhh{v`l qkb`ejl ~jlhhj n`l y`n` x`e~{ z`lh q`b` yvgqkq ekl`je`l m`vh`"m`vh` qkb`ejl fkv~`bf`m aky`~,

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JLCD@QJ BKV@Z@Y N@L MJYKVJLCD@QJNkcjljqj Jlcd`qj Bkv`z`y n`l Mjykvjlcd`qj

Jlcd qj bkv`z`y `n`d m yvgqkq ekl je`l m`vh`"m vh` z`lh d`bf`~ o`d llz`, Z`lhnjhgdglhe`l eky`n` jlcd qj jlj `n`d m ekl je`l m`vh`"m`vh` z`lh ~jlhe`~lz` ~jn`e bkdkfjmj n{` `~`{ ~jh` ykvqkl qk~`m{l, B`d`zqj n`l Qjlh`y{v` `n`d m n{` n`vjlkh`v`"lkh`v` z`lh ~jlhe`~ jlcd`qjlz` n`y`~ njhgdglhe`l qkf`h`j jlcd`qj bkv`z`y,

Mjykvjlcd`qj `n`d m yvgqkq ekl`je`l m`vh`"m`vh` z`lh q`lh`~ aky`~$ z`lhbklzkf`fe`l ~jlhe`~ m`vh` bklo`nj n{` `~`{ fkfkv`y` e`dj djy`~ n`d`b b`q` z`lhqjlhe`~, Nj Jlnglkqj`$ qkf`h`j agl~gm$ y`n` ~`m{l 0:3; ~jlhe`~ jlcd`qj `n`d`m ;99

 ykvqkl n`l y`n` ~`m{l 0:33 j` ~kd`m bkla`y`j 3;9 ykvqkl, Jlj fkv`v~j ~jlhe`~ m`vh`"m`vh` l`je ; e`dj djy`~ y`n` ~`m{l 0:3; n`l 3$; e`dj djy`~ n`d`b ~`m{l 0:33, Njlkh v`"lkh`v fkvekbf`lh `n`e`d`lz` ~jlhe`~ jlcd`qj ~jn`e b{n`m njekln`dje`l,

 Lkh`v "lkh`v` ~kvqkf{~ ~jn`e bklhm`n`yj b`q`d`m mjykvjlcd qj$ `e`l ~k~`yj o{h` ~jn`e 

b`by{ bkl{v{le`l jlcd qj y`n` ~jlhe ~ z`lh q`lh`~ vkln`m, Qka`v` v`~ "v`~ njqkf`hj`l lkh`v` ~jlhe`~ jlcd`qj bkla`y`j nj `l~`v` ; mjlhh` 09 ykvqkl, Jlcd`qj nklh`l~jlhe`~ z`lh qkykv~j j~{ njhgdglhe`l qkf`h`j jlcd`qj qknkvm`l` `~`{ bgnkv`~k jlcd`~jgl,

Jlcd`qj Bkv`z`y n`l Ykv~{bf{m`l Keglgbj

Qkhgdglh`l `mdj keglgbj fkvykln`y`~ f`mx` jlcd`qj bkv`z`y `n`d`m njykvd{e`l {l~{e bklhh`d`ee`l ykvekbf`lh`l keglgbj, Bkl{v{~ bkvke` m`vh` f`v`lh y`n`{b{blz` l`je nklh`l ~jlhe`~ z`lh dkfjm ~jlhhj n`vj ekl`je`l {y`m, B`e` n`d`bjlcd`qj bkv`z`y {y`m ~jn`e `e`l fkv{f`m `~`{ l`je nklh`l ~jlhe`~ z`lh dkfjm vkln`mn`vj jlcd`qj, Qkf`h`j `ejf ~lz` ekl`je`l m`vh`"m`vh` z`lh fkvd`e{ ~kv{~ b`bklh`ejf`~e`l ykv~`bf`m`l n`d`b ek{l~{lh`l ykv{q`m``l"ykv{q`m``l, [l~{lh z`lh

dkfjm fkq`v `e`l bklhh`d ee`l ykv~`bf`m`l jlskq~`qj, Qkhgdglh`l `mdj keglgbj d`jl~jn`e qkykln`y`~ nklh`l y`ln`lh`l nj `~`q, Ekfjo`e`l {l~{e bkbfj ve`l fkvd`e{lz`jlcd`qj bkv`z`y {l~{e bklhh`d ee`l ykv~{bf{m`l keglgbj m`lz` qkq{`j `y`fjd`n`d`b o`lhe` y`lo`lh jlcd qj bkv`z`y ~kv{q n`y`~ njekln`dje`l, Hgdglh`l `mdjkeglgbj z`lh bklkl~`lh ekfjo`e`l bklhh`d ee`l jlcd qj bkv`z`y fkvykln`y`~

 f`mx` jlcd`qj bkv`z`y z`lh ~jn`e ~kvekln dj y`n` `emjvlz` `e`l bklo`nj mjykvjlcd qj,Nj n`d`b jlcd`qj qkykv~j jlj y`v` yklh{q`m` ~jn`e ~kvh`d`e d`hj {l~{e fkv{q`m` n`d`bekhj`~ l z`lh yvgn{e~jc e`vkl` j` ~jn`e `e`l bkbfkvje`l ek{l~{lh`l z`lhbkb{`qe`l, Z`lh `e`l fkvekbf`lh `n`d`m ekhj`~`l z`lh fkvqjc`~ qyke{d`qj qkykv~jbklzjby`l f`v`lh n`l bkbfkdj m`v~` ~k~`y„qkykv~j ~`l`m$ v{b`m$ n`l f`lh{l`l

 ykve`l~gv`l,

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Q{bfkv X{o{nlz` Mjykvjlcd`qj

Mjykvjlcd`qj qkvjlhe`dj fkvd`e{ n`d`b ykvkeglgbj`l z`lh qkn`lh bklhm`n`yj ykv`lh`~`{ eke`a`{`l ygdj~je nj n`d`b lkhkvj, N`d`b b`q`"b`q` qkykv~j jlj ykbkvjl~`m~kvy`eq` bkl`bf`m yklhkd{`v`l z`lh o`{m bkdkfjmj n`vj y`o`e z`lh njy{lh{~lz`,Q`d`m q`~{ a`v`lz` j`d`m nklh`l bkbjlo`b n`vj f`le qkl~v`d `~`{ bkx`ojfe`l f`le 

qkl~v`d bklak~`e dkfjm f`lz`e {`lh, Ykvfkd`lo``l ykbkvjl~ m z`lh fkvdkfjm`l~kvqkf{~ `e`l bkbykvaky`~ ykv~`bf`m`l yklhkd{`v`l `hvkh`~, Y`n` {b{blz` qke~gv 

  ykv{q`m``l ~jn`e `e`l b`by{ bklhm`n`yj ekl`je`l yklhkd{`v l z`lh q`lh`~ fkvdkfjm`l$ n`l qkf`h`j `ejf`~lz` m`vh`,"m`vh` `e`l l`je nklh`l aky`~, Ykbkvjl~`mqkd d{ `e`l fkv{q`m` bklhkln dje`l jlcd`qj z`lh fkvd`e{, Fkvf`h`j a`v` `e`lnjo d`le`l ykbkvjl~`m {l~{e bklh{v`lhj ekykq`~`l o`d llz` jlcd qj, @l~ v` d`jld`lhe`m"d`lhe`m z`lh qkvjlh njh{l`e`l {l~{e bklhm`n`yj mjykvjlcd`qj j`d`m nklh`lbklhkln dje`l m`vh` -bklk~`ye`l m`vh` b`eqjb{b*$ bkla ~{ f`v lh"f`v`lhekf{~{m`l ygege$ bkbf{`~ ykv`~{v`l"ykv`~{v`l z`lh bkd`v`lh bklzjby`l f`v`lh$n`l bkbfkvj q{fqjnj eky`n` yvgn{qkl"yvgn{qkl, Jlcd`qj z`lh njagf` njmjln`vj nklh`lbklo`d`le`l d`lhe`m"d`lhe`m nj `~`q njl`b`e`l jlcd`qj ~kv~ke`l, @y`fjd` {q`m`"{q`m`

bkbf`~`qj jlcd`qj nklh`l a`v` qkykv~j nj `~`q ~jn`e njd`e{e`l b`e` jlcd`qj ~kvqkf{~njl`b`e`l jlcd`qj ~kvf{e`, Nj n`d`b mjykvjlcd`qj z`lh f{v{e$ ykbf`~`q`l"ykbf`~`q`lnj `~`q ~jn`e `e`l bkljbf{de`l kcke qkykv~j z`lh njm`v`ye`l, @y`fjd` jlcd`qj z`lh~jlhhj ~jlhe`~lz` jlj fkvo`d`l qka`v` ~kv{q"bklkv{q$ ~jlhe`~ ekhj`~`l keglgbj `e`lqkb`ejl bkl{v{l n`l jlj bklzkf`fe`l ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d bklh`d`bj ekb{ln{v`ln`l yklh`lhh{v`l qkb`ejl bkljlhe`~, Jlj fkv v~j mjykvjlcd`qj aklnkv{lh {l~{e bkx{o{ne`l q~`hcd`qj,

KCKE F[V[E JLCD@QJ

Jlcd`qj n`l Ykvekbf`lh`l KeglgbjJlcd qj z`lh ~jlhhj ~jlhe`~lz` ~jn`e `e`l bklhh`d ee`l ykvekbf`lh`l keglgbj,Fj z` z`lh ~kv{q bklkv{q l`je bklzkf`fe`l ekhj`~`l yvgn{e~jc q`lh`~ ~jn`e bklh{l~{lhe`l, B`e` ykbjdje bgn`d fj`q`lz` dkfjm q{e` bklhh{l`e`l {`lhlz`{l~{e ~{o{`l qyke{d`qj, @l~`v` d`jl ~{o{`l jlj nja`y`j nklh`l bkbfkdj m`v~`"m`v~`~k~`y qkykv~j ~`l`m$ v{b`m n`l f`lh{l`l, Gdkm e`vkl` yklh{q`m` dkfjm q{e`bklo`d le`l ekhj ~`l jlskq~`qj z`lh fkvqjc`~ qkykv~j jlj$ jlskq~`qj yvgn{e~jc `e`l

 fkve{v`lh n`l ~jlhe`~ ekhj`~`l keglgbj bkl{v{l, Qkf`h`j `ejf`~lz` dkfjm f`lz`e  yklh`lhh{v`l `e`l x{o{n, Ekl`je`l m`vh`"m`vh` bkljbf{de`l kcke z`lh f{v{e y{d`ek `~`q ykvn`h`lh`l, Ekl`je`l m`vh` bklzkf`fe`l f`v`lh"f`v`lh lkh`v` j~{ ~jn`e n`y ~ fkvq jlh nj y`q`v`l jlkvl`qjgl`d, B`e` keqygv `e`l bkl{v{l, Qkf`djelz $

m`vh "m vh` yvgn{eqj n`d`b lkhkvj z`lh qkb`ejl ~jlhhj qkf`h j `ejf`~ jlcd`qjbklzkf`fe`l f`v`lh"f`v`lh jbygv bklo`nj vkd`~jc b{v`m, B`e` dkfjm f`lz`e jbygv `e`l njd`e{e`l, Keqygv z`lh bkl{v{l n`l njje{~j y{d` gdkm jbygv z`lh fkv~`bf`mbklzkf`fe`l ek~jn`eqkjbf`lh`l n`d`b `djv`l b`~` {`lh `qjlh, Ekn{n{e`l lkv`a`

 ykbf`z`v`l `e`l bkbf{v{e,

Jlcd`qj n`l Ekb`eb{v`l B`qz`v`e`~

Nj q`byjlh bkljbf{de`l kcke f{v{e ek `~`q ekhj`~`l keglgbj lkh`v`$ jlcd`qj o{h``e`l bkljbf{de`l kcke"kcke z`lh fkvje{~ eky`n` jlnjsjn{ n`l b`qz`v`e`~?j, Jlcd`qj `e`l bkl{v{le`l ykln`y`~`l vjjd gv`lh"gv`lh z`lh fkvykln`y`~`l ~k~`y,Y`n` {b{blz` ekl`je`l {y`m ~jn`ed`m qkaky`~ ekl`je`l m`vh`"m`vh`, B`e` jlcd`qj

`e`l bkl{v{le`l {y`m vjjd jlnjsjn{"jlnjsjn{ z`lh fkvykln`y`~`l ~k~`y,

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jj, Jlcd`qj `e`l bklh{v`lhj ljd`j eke`z``l z`lh fkvfkl~{e {`lh, Qkf`hj`l eke`z``lb`qz`v`e`~ njqjby`l n`d`b fkl~{e {`lh, Qjby`l`l nj f`le$ qjby`l`l ~{l`j$ n`lqjby`l`l n`d`b jlq~j~{qj"jlq~j~{qj ek{`lh`l d`jl bkv{y`e`l qjby`l`l ek{`lh`l, Ljd`jvjjdlz` `e`l bkl{v{l `y`fjd` jlcd`qj fkvd`e{,jjj, Bkbykvf{v{e ykbf`hj`l eke`z``l, ^kd`m nj~{lo{ee`l f`mx` yklkvjb`

 ykln`y`~`l ~k~`y `e`l bklhm`n`yj ekbkvgqg~`l n`d`b ljd`j vjjd ykln`y`~`llz`$ n`l  ykbjdje eke`z``l fkvqjc`~ ek{`lh`l bklh`d bj ykl{v{l`l n`d`b ljd j vjjdeke`z``llz`, @e`l ~k~`yj ykbjdje m`v~`"m`v~` ~k~`y„~`l`m$ f`lh{l`l n`l v{b`m„ n`y`~ bkbykv~`m`le`l `~`{ bkl`bf`m ljd`j vjjd eke`z``llz`, O{h` qkf`hj`l yklo{`d'

 ykn`h`lh n`y`~ bkbykl~`m`le`l ljd`j vjjd ykln`y`~`llz`, Nklh`l nkbjej`l jlcd`qjbklzkf`fe`l ykbf`hj`l ykln`y`~`l nj `l~`v` hgdglh`l fkvykln`y`~`l ~k~`y nklh`l

 ykbjdje"ykbjdje m`v~` ~k~`y n`l yklo{`d'ykn`h`lh `e`l bklo`nj qkb`ejl ~jn`e bkv`~`,

B@Q@D@M YKLH@LHH[V@L N@L EKFJO@E@L

CJQE@DN`d`b bklkv`lhe`l bklhkl`j ykv`l`l ekfjo`e`l cjqe`d n`d`b bklhm`n`yj b`q`d`m

 yklh`lhh{v`l$ `l`djqjq z`lh `e`l njf{`~ njfkn`e`l eky`n` n{` yklnke`~`l? nklh`lbklhh{l`e`l hv`cje Z2@K$ n`l hv`cje @K"@Q, N`d`b bklo`d`le`l ekfjo`e`l cjqe`dn`y`~ njd`e{e`l ~jh` fkl~{e ~jln`e`l? -`* bklh{f`m yklhkd{`v`l ykbkvjl~`m q`o`$ -f*bklh{f`m y`o`e q`o`$ n`l -a* qka`v` qkvkl~`e bklh{f`m yklhkd{`v`l ykbkvjl~`m n`l

 y`o`e, N`d`b `l`djqjq nj f`hj`l jlj z`lh `e`l nj~kv`lhe`l `n`d`m ekfjo`e`l cjqe`dz`lh njlz`~`e`l n`d`b -`* n`l -f*, Qkd`lo{~lz` n`d`b `l`djqjq z`lh njf{`~ `e`lnjbjq`de`l ykv{f`m`l yklhkd{`v`l ykbkvjl~`m z`lh njd`e{e`l `n`d`m q`b` nklh`l

 ykv{f`m`l y`o`e,

KCKE EKFJO@E@L CJQE@D? YKLNKE@^@L Z2@KYkvm`~je`l H`bf`v nj f`x`m jlj, Hv`cje -`* bkl{lo{ee`l kcke ekfjo`e`l cjqe`d`y`fjd` yklh`lhh{v`l fkvd`e{ n`d`b ykvkeglgbj`l n`l ykv~`bf`m`l yklhkd{`v`l

  ykbkvjl~`m qkfkq`v H njd`e{e`l {l~{e bklh`~`qj b`q`d`m ~kvqkf{~, Qkn`lhe`lh`bf`v -f* bkl{lo{ee`l kcke ekfjo`e`l cjqe`d `y`fjd` ykv{f`m`l j~{ njd`e{e`l

bkd`d{j ykl{v{l`l y`o`e nj b`l` ^ 2H,

Ykv{f`m`l Ekqkjbf`lh`l z`lh Fkvd`e{N`d`b hv`cje -`* njbjq`de`l ekqkjbf`lh`l `q`d nja`y`j nj ~j~je K0, Ekqkjbf`lh`l jljbkl{lo{ee`l ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d `n`d m Z0 n`l n d`b ekqkjbf`lh`l jlj

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 yklh`lhh{v`l fkvd`e{, [l~{e bklh`~`qjlz` ykbkvjl~`m bkl`bf`m yklhkd{`v`llz`

qkf`lz`e H n`l ykv~`bf`m`l yklhkd{`v`l jlj bkbjln`me`l yklhkd{`v`l `hvkh`~n`vj @K0 ek @K6, Ykv{f`m`l ~kvqkf{~ fkv`v~j ekqkjbf`lh`l fkvhkqkv ek K6 n`l

  ykln`y ~`l l`qjgl`d bkljlhe ~ n`vj Z0 ek Z6, Ykv{f`m`l jlj `e`l bkl`bf`mekqkby`~ l ekvo n`l bklh{v`lhj yklh`lhh{v`l, N d`b hv`cje -f*$ z`lh

bkl{lo{ee`l kcke yklh{v`lh`l y`o`e ek `~`q ekqkjbf`lh`l ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d$  o{h` njbjq`de`l ekqkjbf`lh`l z`lh `q`d `n`d`m nj K0, Yklh{v`lh`l y`o`e qkfkq`v 

^ -z`lh q`b` ljd`jlz` nklh`l H* `e`l bkl`bf`m ykln`y`~ l njqygqkfkd v{b`m

~`lhh` qkfkq`v? Zn 2 ^, Ykv~`bf`m`l ykln`y`~`l njqygqkfkd jlj `e`l bkl`jee`l yklhkd{`v`l v{b`m ~`lhh`$ `e`l ~k~`yj ekl`je`l yklhkd{`v`l j~{ `n`d`m e{v`lh n`vj

H$ z`j~{ m`lz` qkfkq`v? A 2 BYA , H, Ekl`je`l yklhkd{`v`l v{b`m ~`lhh`~kvqkf{~ `e`l bkbjln`me`l yklhkd{ v`l `hvkh`~ bklo`nj @K6 n`l ekqkjbf`lh`lbklo`nj K6, B`e` ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d f`v{ `e`l nja`y`j nj Z0, Ykln`y ~`l l`qjgl`d

  fkv~ bf`m n`l gdkm qkf`f j~{ ekqkby`~ l ekvo` bkljlhe ~ n`l yklh`lhh{v`l fkve{v`lh,

Ykvf`lnjlh`l Bklhkl`j Qkf`f z`lh Fkvd`e{

@y`fjd njykvm`~je`l kcke n`vj ykv~ bf`m`l yklhkd{ v`l ykbkvjl~`m -nj~{lo{ee`ln d`b hv`cje `* n`l yklh{v`lh`l y o`e -nj~{lo{ee`l n`d`b hv`cje f* n`y ~njqjby{de`l f`mx` Z9Z0 n`d`b hv`cje -f* `n`d`m e{v`lh n`vj Z0Z6 n`d`b hv`cje -`*,

M`d jlj fkvd`e{ n`d`b ek`n``l nj b`l` nj`q{bqje`l H 2 ^, Z`lh bklzkf`fe`l  ykvfkn``l ~kvqkf{~ `n`d`m e`vkl` yklh{v`lh`l y`o`e `e`l bkl`bf`m yklhkd{`v`l`hvkh`~ -z`lh fkvd e{ qkf`h`j `ejf`~ ykv~ bf`m`l eglq{bqj v{b`m ~`lhh`* y`n`

  o{bd`m z`lh dkfjm ekajd n`vj H, N`vj ykvfkn``l kckelz` jlj n`y`~ njqjby{de`l f`mx` b{d~jydjkv y`o`e `n`d`m dkfjm ekajd n`vj b{d~jydjkv yklhkd{`v`l ykbkvjl~`m,Ekf`je`l d`jl ykl`bf`m`l yklhkd{`v`l ykbkvjl~`m `y`fjd` njf`lnjlhe`l nklh`l

  yklh{v`lh`l y o`e qkf`h`j `d ~ ekfjo`e`l cjqe`d `n`d m? kcke ykv~ bf`m`l yklhkd{`v`l ykbkvjl~`m n`d`b bklhh`d`ee`l ekhj`~`l keglgbj `n`d`m dkfjm aky`~n`vj kcke yklh{v`lh`l y`o`e, Yklh`bfjd`l eky{~{q`l {l~{e bkl`bf`m yklhkd{`v`l

  ykbkvjl~ m$ ykd eq l``l yklhkd{ v`l j~{ n`l ekl`je`l ekhj ~`l keglgbj z`lhnj`ejf`~e`llz` fkvd`e{ n`d b b`q` z`lh vkd ~jc aky`~, Jlj njqkf`fe`l e`vkl`

 yklhkd{`v`l ykbkvjl~`m bkv{y`e`l egbyglkl yklhkd{ v`l `hvkh`~, Yklh{v`lh`l  y o`e `e`l bkd d{j ykvo d`l`l y`lo lh qkfkd{b bkljbf{de`l ykv{f`m`l n`d b yklhkd{`v`l `hvkh`~, ^kvdkfjm n`m{d{$ ykv`~{v`l m`v{q njf{`~ bklhkl`j y`o`e z`lhnje{v lhe`l, Ekn{ $ ~kvn`y`~ ykvfkn``l x`e~{ nj `l~ v` ykbf{ ~`l ykv ~{v`l

 yklh{v`lh`l y`o`e n`l ykd`eq`l`l ekfjo`e`l ~kvqkf{~, M`lz` qk~kd`m ykd`eq`l``l ykv{f`m`l y`o`e j~{ ~kvd`eq`l` ykln`y`~`l njqygqkfkd n`l eglq{bqj v{b`m ~`lhh`

bkljlhe ~$ n`l bklngvglh eky`n` ykvekbf`lh`l ekhj ~`l keglgbj, X`d`{ f`h`jb`l`y{l$ nj q`byjlh bkb`m`bj ekf`je`llz`$ ykvd{ y{d` njq`n`vj ekdkb`m`lekfjo e`l bkljlhe`~e`l yklhkd{ v`l ykbkvjl~ m, Ykv~`bf`m`l yklhkd{ v`lqkvjlhe`dj bkljbf{de`l nkcjqj~ n`d`b f{nhk~ ykbkvjl~`m n`l bkljlhe`~e`l {~`lhlkh`v`, Ekl`je`l {~`lh lkh`v` z`lh ~kv{q"bklkl{q n`y`~ bkljbf{de`l kcke f{v{e eky`n` ykv~{bf{m`l keglgbj nj b`q` nky`l,

KCKE EKFJO@E@L CJQE@D? YKLNKE@^@L @L@DJQJQ @N"@QA`v` d`jl {l~{e bkl{lo{ee`l kcke ekfjo`e`l cjqe`d eky`n` ekqkjbf`lh`l ykln`y`~`l

l`qjgl`d n`l ekhj`~`l keglgbj `n d`m nklh`l bklhh{l`e`l `l djqjq @N"@Q,Ykvm`~je`l H`bf`v nj f`x`m jlj, Ekqkjbf`lh`l z`lh `q`d `n`d`m nj K9„z`j~{ y`n`

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 ykvyg~glh`l nj `l~`l` e{vs` @N9 n`l @Q, N`d`b H`bf`v nj f`x`m e{vs` @Q `n`d`md`ln`j gdkm e`vkl` njbjq`de`l n`d`b ykvkeglgbj l b qjm ~kvn`y`~ f`lz`e 

  yklh`lhh{v`l, Y`n` ekqkjbf`lh`l jlj ~jlhe`~ m`vh` `n`d m Y9 n`l ykln`y ~`l

l`qjgl`d `n`d`m Z9, @y`fjd` yklhkd{`v l ykbkvjl~`m fkv~`bf`m qkf`lz`e H b`e`e{vs` @N9 `e`l fkvhkqkv ek @N0, Fkq`vlz` ykvhkqkv`l ~kvqkf{~ nj~kl~{e`l gdkm ljd`j

Z0Z6 n`d`b h`bf`v -`* n`vj H`bf`v qkfkd{blz`$ z`j~{ y`n` m`vh` ~k~`y -z`j~{ y`n`Y9*$ ekl je`l yklhkd{`v`l ykbkvjl~`m bkl`bf`m ykln`y`~ l l`qjgl`d qkf`lz`e Z0Z6 n`l ykv{f`m`l j~{ `n`d`m q`b` nklh`l ykv{f`m`l ~j~je ekqkjbf`lh`l n`vj ~j~je K9 bklo`nj ~j~je @, E{vs` @N bkbg~glh e{vs` @Q nj ~j~je K0 n`l fkv`v~j ekfjo`e`l

cjqe`d nklh`l bkl`bf`m yklhkd{`v`l ykbkvjl~`m qkfkq`v H `e`l bklzkf`fe`lekqkjbf`lh`l ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d fkvhkqkv ek K0, Ekqkjbf`lh`l jlj bkl{lo{ee`l~jlhe`~ m`vh` bkljlhe`~ n`vj Y9 ek Y0 n`l ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d vjjd fkv~`bf`m n`vj Z9ek Z0, Ljd`j Z9Z0 `n`d`m dkfjm ekajd n`vj Z0Z6 n`d`b H`bf`v -`* qkfkd{blz`,H`bf`v nj f`x`m jlj o{h` bkl{lo{ee`l kcke yklh{v`lh`l y`o`e, ^kd`m nj~{lo{ee`ln`d`b hv`cje -f* n`vj H`bf`v qkfkd{blz` f`mx` y`o`e z`lh fkve{v`lh ~kvqkf{~ `e`lbkl`bf`m ykln`y`~ l l`qjgl d z`lh dkfjm ekajd n`vj n`d`b h`bf`v -`*, N`d`bH`bf`v nj f`x`m$ ykv{f`m`l z`lh nj`ejf`~e`l yklh{v`lh`l y o`e ~kvqkf{~bkbjln`me`l ekqkjbf`lh`l n`vj K9 bklo`nj y`n` ~j~je F „ z`j~{ y`n` m`vh` Y9ekqkjbf`lh`l Z2@K fkv{f`m n`vj ~j~je K9 bklo`nj y`n` ~j~je F, Fkv`v~j$ yklh{v`lh`l

 y`o`e bkbjln`me`l e{vs` @N9 bklo`nj @N6, E{vs` @N6 bkbg~glh e{vs` @Q y`n`K6, Ekqkjbf`lh`l @N"@Q z`lh f`v{ jlj bkl{lo{ee`l yklh{v`lh`l y`o`e bklzkf`fe`l ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d vjjd fkv~`bf`m n`vj Z9 bklo`nj Z6 n`l ~jlhe`~m`vh` bkljlhe`~ n`vj Y9 bklo`nj Y6, H`bf`v`l bklhkl j kcke ekfjo`e`l cjqe`dnklh`l bklhh{l`e`l `l`djqjq @N"@Q o{h` bkl{lo{ee`l f`mx` ykv~`bf`m`l

  yklhkd{`v`l `n d`m dkfjm kcke~jc n`vj yklh{v lh`l y`o`e n`d b bklhh`d`ee`l ykvekbf`lh`l keglgbj n`l bklh`~`qj yklh`lhh{v`l,

EKFJO@E@L BGLK^KV N@L B@Q@D@M YKLH@LHH[V@LN`d`b bklkv`lhe`l kcke ekfjo`e`l bglk~kv n`d`b bkbyklh`v{mj ekhj`~`l keglgbj$

  o{h` n`y`~ njh{l`e`l n{` yklnke`~ l? nklh`l bklhh{l`e`l hv cje Z2@K n`lnklh`l bklhh{l`e`l `l`djqjq @N"@Q, Ekn{` yklnke`~ l j~{ njh`bf`ve`l n`d bH`bf`v nj f`x`m jlj,

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Kcke Ekfjo`e`l Bglk~kv n`d`b @l`djqjq Z2@K

N d`b `l`djqjq nklh`l bklhh{l`e`l hv`cje Z2@K$ kcke ekfjo`e`l bglk~kv nj~{lo{ee`l n`d`b H`bf`v nj `~`q -`*, Yklhkd{`v`l `hvkh`~ z`lh b{d`"b{d` fkvd`e{n`d`b keglgbj nj~{lo{ee`l gdkm @K9 n`l nklh`l nkbjej`l ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d

`n`d m Z9, [l~{e bklh`~`qj yklh`lhh{v`l n`l bklhh`d ee`l ekhj ~`l keglgbj f`le qkl~v`d bkl`bf`m ykl`x`v`l {`lh, D`lhe`m jlj bkl{v{le`l q{e{ f{lh` n`l

bklhh`d`ee`l y`v` yklh{q`m` bkl`bf`m jlskq~`qj$ z`j~{ qkfkq`v J, Ykv~`bf`m`ljlskq~`qj ~kvqkf{~ bkbjln`me`l yklhkd{ v`l `hvkh`~ n`vj @K9 bklo`nj @K0 n`lbkbjln`me`l ekqkjbf`lh`l n`vj K9 ek K0, Nklh`l nkbjej`l ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`dbkljlhe`~ bklo`nj Z0, Ykljlhe`~`l jlj bkl`bf`m ekqkby`~`l ekvo` n`l bklh{v`lhj

 yklh`lhh{v`l, Ykv{f`m`l ekhj`~`l jlj fkvd`e{ y`n` m`vh` z`lh ~jn`e bklh`d`bj ykv{f`m`l„z`j~{ nj`q{bqje`l ~jlhe`~ m`vh` z`lh fkvd`e{ `n`d`m Y9,

Kcke Ekfjo`e`l Bglk~kv n`d`b @l`djqjq @N"@Q

Ykvm`~je`l hv`cje -f* n`vj H`bf`v nj `~`q„z`lh bklhh`bf`ve`l kcke ekfjo`e`l

bglk~kv ek `~`q ekqkjbf`lh`l @N"@Q$ ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d vjjd n`l ~jlhe`~ m`vh`,Ykl`x v`l `hvkh`~ n`d`b ykvkeglgbj`l j~{ njh`bf ve`l gdkm e{vs` @Q$ z`lh d`ln`j

  fkl~{elz` e`vkl` njbjq`de`l ~kvn`y`~ f`lz`e yklh`lhh{v`l n`d`b ykvkeglgbj`l,Ykvbjl~``l `hvkh`~ z`lh `q`d `n`d`m @N9 n`l ~j~je @ bklhh`bf`ve`l ekqkjbf`lh`lz`lh b{d`"b{d` nja`y`j n`l ekqkjbf`lh`l jlj `n`d`m q`b` nklh`l K9 y`n` hv`cje -`*

 „z`lh bklhh`bf`ve`l ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d vjjd `n`d`m Z9 n`l ~jlhe`~ m`vh` Y9,Qkykv~j ~kd`m njlz`~`e`l$ y`n` ekqkjbf`lh`l jlj ~kvn`y`~ f`lz`e yklh`lhh{v`l n`d`b

 ykvkeglgbj`l, Nklh`l bklo`d`le`l ekfjo`e`l bglk~kv njm`v`ye`l q{e{ f{lh` `e`lbklo`nj qkb`ejl vkln`m n`l jlskq~`qj bkljlhe`~, ^kd`m nj~{lo{ee`l n`l nj~kv`lhe`lnklh`l bklhh{l`e`l hv`cje -`* f`mx` ekfjo`e`l bglk~kv `e`l bkbjln`me`l

 yklhkd{`v`l `hvkh`~ n`vj @K9 ek @K0 n`l bkljlhe`~e`l ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d n`vj Z9

ek Z0, N`d`b hv`cje -f* ykvyjln`m`l ~kvqkf{~ njh`bf`ve`l gdkm ykv{f`m`l @N9bklo`nj @N0 n`l o`v`e @F q`b` nklh`l Z9Z0, Ykvbjl~``l `hvkh`~ @N0 bkbg~glh

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 ykl`x`v`l `hvkh`~ @Q nj ~j~je A, Nklh`l nkbjej`l$ qkf`h`j `ejf`~ n`vj ekfjo`e`lbglk~kv ekqkjbf`lh`l @N"@Q fkv{f`m n`vj ~j~je @ ek ~j~je A, Ykv{f`m`l jljbklhh`bf`ve`l ykv{f`m`l fkvje{~? kcke n`vj njo d`le`llz` ekfjo`e`l bglk~kv 

 ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d vjjd bkljlhe`~ n`vj Z9 bklo`nj Z6 n`l ~jlhe`~ m`vh` bkljlhe`~n`vj Y9 bklo`nj Y0, Hv`cje -f* okd`q bklhh`bf`ve`l f`mx` bkl{v{~ `l`djqjq Z2@K

-ykl`x`v`l `hvkh`~„ yklhkd{`v l `hvkh`~ n`l `l`djqjq Ekzlkqj l* ykv{f`m`l  yklhkd{`v`l -z`j~{ njbjq`de`l jlskq~`qj fkv~ bf`m* n d`b ykvkeglgbj lbklzkf`fe`l ykv~ bf`m`l z`lh dkfjm fkq`v eky`n` ykln`y ~`l l`qjgl`d `y`fjd`njf`lnjlhe`l nklh`l n`d`b `l`djqjq @N"@Q, M`d jlj njqkf`fe`l e`vkl` ykvfkn``l

 ykbjq d`l n`d`b ekn{` `l`djqjq ~kvqkf{~, N`d b `l`djqjq Z2@K njbjq`de`l m`vh`~jn`e fkv{f`m -~k~`y y`n` Y9*, @e`l ~k~`yj n`d`b `l djqjq @N"@Q m`vh` n`y`~bklh`d`bj ykv{f`m`l, [v`j`l nj `~`q bkl{lo{ee`l m`vh` bklh`d`bj ekl`je`l$ z`j~{n`vj Y9 bklo`nj Y0, Ykv{f`m`l jlj bklzkf`fe`l? -j* eglq{bqj vjjd v{b`m ~`lhh`

 fkve{v`lh$ -jj* keqygv fkve{v`lh n`l -jjj* jbygv fkv~`bf`m, Gdkm ekv`l` j~{ n`d`b`l`djqjq @N"@Q ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d vjjd m`lz` bkljlhe`~ ek Z6 n`l f{e`l ek Z0,

B@Q@D@M JLCD@QJ N@L EKFJO@E@L

YKBKVJL^@MEKFJO@E@L CJQE@D [L^[E BKLH@^@QJ JLCD@QJYkvm`~je`l H`bf`v nj f`x`m jlj, Nklh`l bklhh{l`e`l hv cje ~kvqkf{~ `e`lnj~kv`lhe`l f`h`jb`l` ekfjo`e`l cjqe`d `e`l njh{l`e`l {l~{e bklh`~`qj b`q`d`mjlcd`qj, Ekfjo`e`l cjqe`d z`lh `e`l njd`eq`l`e`l `n`d`m n`d`b fkl~{e bklh{v`lhj

  yklhkd{`v`l ykbkvjl~`m, D`lhe`m jlj bkljbf{de`l kcke z`lh aky`~ n`d`bbklh{v`lhj yklhkd{`v`l n`d`b ykvkeglgbj`l,

Kcke Ekfjo`e`l Cjqe`d Bkl{v{~ Yklnke`~`l Z2@K

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N`d b bklkv`lhe`l kcke ekfjo`e`l cjqe`d n`d b bklh`~ qj jlcd qj$ {v`j l `e`lnjfkn`e`l eky`n` n{` ek`n``l? ek`n``l nj b`l` njbjq`de`l jlcd`qj fkvd`e{ ~`ly`njegl~vgd ykbkvjl~`m n`l z`lh nj`~ qj bkd d{j ekfjo`e`l cjqe`d, Hv`cje -`* n`d`bH`bf`v nj `~`q bkbfkvje`l h`bf`v`l bklhkl`j n{` ek`n``l ~kvqkf{~ nklh`lbklhh{l`e`l hv`cje Z2@K, Yklhkd{`v`l `hvkh`~ z`lh `x d `n`d m @K-Y9* n`l

 yklhkd{`v`l jlj bkx{o{ne`l ekqkjbf`lh`l nj ~j~je K9$ ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d `n`d`mZ9 n`l ~jlhe`~ ekqkby`~ l ekvo` ykl{m m`byjv nja`y j, Qk~kv{qlz` bjq`de`lekl`je`l keqygv bkl`bf`m yklhkd{`v`l `hvkh`~ n`l y`n` x`e~{ z`lh q`b` ekl`je`lm`vh`"m`vh` bklo`nj dkfjm aky`~, ^`ly` ekfjo`e`l ykbkvjl~`m yklhkd{`v`l `hvkh`~`e`l bkla`y`j @K-Y0*„z`j~{ m`vh`"m`vh` o{h` bklh`d`bj ekl`je`l n`l bkla`y`jY0, Nklh`l nkbjej`l ekl`je`l yklhkd{`v`l `hvkh`~ ~kvqkf{~ ~kd`m bkljbf{de`l kcke 

  fkvje{~? ykln`~ l l`qjgl`d bkljlhe`~ n`vj Z9 bklo`nj Z0 n`l ~jlhe`~ m`vh`bkljlhe`~ n`vj Y9 bklo`nj Y0, Gdkm e`vkl` dkfjm fkq`v n`vj ZC ~jlhe`~ yklh`lhh{v`l`n`d`m q`lh`~ vkln`m, Qk~kv{qlz` ykvm`~je`ld`m kcke ekfjo`e`l cjqe`d n`d`b {q`m`bklh`~`qj jlcd`qj, N`d`b e`q{q jlj$ qko`e ykvb{d``l d`hj ykbkvjl~`m bklz`n`vj f`mx`

  ykv~`bf`m`l yklhkd{`v`l `hvkh`~ z`lh fkq`v„z`j~{ n`vj @K-Y9* bklo`nj @K-Y0*

`e`l bklzkf`fe`l ~jlhe`~ jlcd`qj fkv~`bf`m aky`~, Ykbkvjl~`m bklagf` bklh`~`qj`v`m `djv`l -ekaklnkv{lh`l* jlj nklh`l a`v` bklh{v`lhj ykv~`bf`m`l yklhkd{`v`l`hvkh`~ z`lh fkvd`e{$ z`j~{ nklh`l a`v bklh{v`lhj yklhkd{`v l ykbkvjl~`m,D`lhe`m jlj bklzkf`fe`l yklhkd{`v`l `hvkh`~ m`lz` bkljlhe`~ ek @K-Y6* z`lhdkfjm vkln`m n`vj Y0, Ekqkjbf`lh`l ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d z`lh f`v{ nja`y`j nj K6„ z`lh bklhh`bf`ve`l keglgbj bkla`y`j ekqkby`~`l ekvo` ykl{m n`l ykln`y`~`ll`qjgl`d `n`d`m ZC, H`bf`v`l jlj bkl{lo{ee`l f`mx` ekfjo`e`l cjqe`d -j* n`y`~bkx{o{ne`l ~jlhe`~ ekqkby`~`l ekvo` ykl{m$ n`l -jj* ekl`je`l m`vh` z`lh fkvd`e{~jn`e ~kvd`d{ ~jlhhj„z`j~{ m`lz` bkla`y`j Y6 n`l f{e`l Y0,

Kcke Ekfjo`e`l Cjqe`d n`d`b @l`djqjq @N"@Q[l~{e bklkv`lhe`l -j* f`h jb`l` ykv~ bf`m`l yklhkd{ v`l `e`l bkbyklh`v{mjekhj`~`l keglgbj$ ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d n`l ~jlhe`~ m`vh`$ n`l -jj* f`h`jb`l` kcke ekfjo`e`l cjqe`d n`d`b bklhkln`dje`l jlcd`qj$ n`y`~ y{d` njh{l`e`l `l`djqjq @N"@Q,Nklh`l bklhh{l`e`l `l`djqjq jlj n`y`~ nj~{lo{ee`l nklh`l dkfjm okd`q f`h`jb`l`

  ykv{f`m`l yklhkd{ v`l n`l ekfjo`e`l fkd`lo`x`l `e`l bkbyklh`v{mj ekhj ~`lkeglgbj n`l ~jlhe`~ m`vh`, @l`djqjq j~{ n`y`~ nj~kv`lhe`l nklh`l dkfjm f`je nklh`lbklhh{l`e`l hv cje -f* n`vj H`bf`v nj `~`q, Ekqkjbf`lh`l z`lh `q d n`d b

 ykvkeglgbj`l ~kvqkf{~ nja`y`j nj ~j~je @, Ekqkjbf`lh`l jlj bkbfkvje`l h`bf`v`lbklhkl`j ek`n``l z`lh q`b` z`lh nj~{lo{ee`l gdkm ~j~je K9 n`d`b h`bf`v -`*„z`j~{

 ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d vjjd `n`d`m Z9 n`l ~jlhe`~ m`vh` Y9, ^kd`m nj~kv`lhe`l f`mx`

~`ly` yklh`x`q`l n`vj ekfjo`e`l ykbkvjl~`m$ yklhkd{`v`l `hvkh`~ bkljlhe`~ n`vj@K-Y9* bklo`nj @K-Y0*, N`d`b h`bf`v -f*$ ykv{f`m`l ~kvqkf{~ nj~{lo{ee`l gdkm

 ykv`djm`l e{vs` ykvbjl~``l `hvkh`~ n`vj @N9 bklo`nj @N0 n`l ekqkjbf`lh`l f`v{nja`y`j nj ~j~je F, Y`n` ekqkjbf`lh`l ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d z`lh f`v{ jlj m`vh`bkljlhe`~ n`vj Y9 bklo nj Y0 n`l ykln`y ~`l l`qjgl`d vjjd `n d`m Z0, Nklh`lnkbjej`l$ x`d`{y{l ~kvo`nj ykljlhe`~`l n`d`b ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d vjjd$ ~jlhe`~ jlcd`qj

 o{h` q`lh`~ ~jlhhj, B`e` qko`e `x`d ykbkvjl~`m fkv{q`m` bklhmjln`vj ekl`je`l m`vh`z`lh ~jlhhj jlj nklh`l bklo`d le`l ekfjo`e`l cjqe`d$ z`j~{ nklh`l bklh{v`lhj

 yklhkd{`v`l ykbkvjl~`m, Kcke n`vj ekfjo`e`l cjqe`d jlj$ ykvbjl~``l `hvkh`~ m`lz`bkljlhe`~ bklo nj @N6 q`o` n`l ekqkjbf`lh`l @N"@Q nja`y`j nj ~j~je A,Ekqkjbf`lh`l j~{ bkl{lo{ee`l ~jlhe`~ ekqkby`~`l ekvo` ykl{m nja`y`j„n`l

 ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d vjjd `n`d`m ZC, ^jlhe`~ m`vh` z`lh f`v{ `n`d`m Y6„z`lh dkfjmvkln`m n`vj Y0 n`l fkv`v~j ekfjo`e`l cjqe`d n`y`~ bklhkln`dje`l jlcd`qj,

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EKFJO@E@L BGLK^KV [L^[E BKLH@^@QJ JLCD@QJNklh`l bklhh{l`e`l hv`cje qkykv~j z`lh ~kvn`y`~ y`n` H`bf`v qkfkd{blz`$ kcke ekfjo`e`l bglk~kv n`d`b bklhmjln`vj jlcd`qj n`y`~ nj~{lo{ee`l, Ekn{` h`bf`v$ z`j~{

z`lh ~kvn`y`~ n`d b f`hj`l -`* n`l f`hj`l -f* n`vj H`bf`v qkfkd{blz` n`y`~njh{l`e`l, N`d`b {v`j`l fkvje{~ z`lh `e`l njh{l`e`l `n`d`m h`bf`v qkykv~j z`lh~kvn`y`~ n`d`b f`hj`l -f* n`l nj~{lo{ee`l n`d`b H`bf`v nj f`x`m,Ekqkjbf`lh`l `q`d nja`y`j nj ~j~je K9„z`j~{ y`n` ykvyg~glh`l ykl`x`v`l `hvkh`~@Q n`l ykvbjl~``l `hvkh`~ @N9, Nklh`l nkbjej`l ~jlhe`~ m`vh` `n`d`m Y9 n`l

 ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d vjjd `n`d`m Z9, Ykvekbf`lh`l keglgbj z`lh ykq`~ bkbjln`me`l ykvbjl~``l `hvkh`~ n`vj @N9 bklo`nj @N0 n`l `e`l bkljbf{de`l ekqkjbf`lh`l njK0, Nklh`l nkbjej`l$ `y`fjd` ykbkvjl~`m ~jn`e bkd e{e`l yklh`x`q l ~kvm`n`y

 ykv~{bf{m`l yklhkd{`v`l `hvkh`~$ ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d bkljlhe`~ n`vj Z9 ek Z0~k~`yj ykljlhe`~`l jlj njje{~j gdkm ekl`je`l m`vh` z`lh ~jlhhj$ z`j~{ n`vj Y9 ek Y0,Bjq`de`l ykbkvjl~`m jlhjl ~k~`y bklhjlhjle`l ykvekbf`lh`l keglgbj mjlhh` ek~jlhe`~ ekqkby`~`l ekvo` ykl{m$ ~k~`yj o{h` fkv{q`m` bklajy~`e`l ykv{f`m`l m`vh`"m`vh` z`lh dkfjm q~`fjd, M`d j~{ `e`l nja`y`j `y`fjd` ykbkvjl~`m n`y`~ bklhkln`dje`l

 ykv{f`m`l ykvbjl~``l `hvkh`~ -@N* z`j~{ bkbjln`me`l e{vs` @N0 bklo`nj @N6,@y`fjd` {q`m` {l~{e bklh{v`lhj jlcd`qj njd`e{e`l nklh`l bklo`d`le`l ekfjo`e`lbglk~kv$ z`lh `e`l njd`e{e`l gdkm ykbkvjl~`m `n`d`m bkl{v{le`l ykl`x`v`l {`lh,Ykv{f`m`l jlj `e`l bkl`jee`l q{e{ f{lh`, Qkf`h`j `ejf`~lz`$ ykv~`b`"~`b` d`lhe`mjlj `e`l bklzkf`fe`l ykv{q`m``l"ykv{q`m``l n`l ykl`l`b bgn`d f`v{ bklh{v`lhjekhj`~`l jlskq~`qjlz`, Z`lh ekn{`$ ekl`je`l q{e{ f{lh` `e`l bklh{v`lhj ekjlhjl`lv{b`m ~`lhh` {l~{e bkbfkdj v{b`m f`v{, Qk~kv{qlz`$ kckelz` z`lh ek~jh`$ v{b`md`b` z`lh b`qjm nj`lhq{v$ m`v{q bkbf`z`v f`z`v`l f{d`l`l z`lh dkfjm ~jlhhj,

Fkve{v`lhlz` ekjlhjl`l {l~{e bkl`l`b bgn`d n`l bkbfkdj v{b`m f`v{ -z`lh o{h`bkv{y`e`l egbyglkl n`vj ykd`f{v`l* `e`l bklh{v`lhj jlskq~`qj ykv{q`m``l, Njq`byjlh j~{ ykbf`z`v`l `lhq{v`l v{b`m z`lh dkfjm ~jlhhj `e`l bklh{v`lhj

 yklhkd{`v`l eglq{bkl, Fkvf`h`j kcke n`vj ekfjo`e`l bglk~kv jlj `e`l bkbjln`me`le{vs` @N ek f`x`m$ bjq`dlz` ek @N6, Nklh`l nkbjej`l ekqkby`~`l ekvo` ykl{m~kva`y j n`l ~jlhe`~ jlcd`qj n`y`~ njekln`dje`l„z`j~{ m`vh` m`lz` bklh d`bjekl`je`l n`vj Y9 bklo`nj Y6,

EKFJO@E@L CJQE@D @^@[ EKFJO@E@L BGLK^KV7

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Ekfjo`e`l cjqe`d n`l ekfjo`e`l bglk~kv njo`d`le`l gdkm n{` yjm`e z`lh fkvfkn`,Ekfjo`e`l cjqe`d njd`eq`l`e`l gdkm Ekbkl~kvj`l Ek{`lh`l n`l ekfjo`e`l bglk~kv njo`d`le`l gdkm F`le Qkl~v`d, Ekn{` jlq~j~{qj jlj m`v{qd`m bklzkq{`je`l ekfjo`e`lkeglgbjlz` n`d`b bklh`~`qj b`q`d`m z`lh njm`n`yj, @y`fjd` ~jn`e nkbjej`l$ z`j~{`y`fjd` d`lhe`m bkvke` bkljbf{de`l kcke z`lh fkv~kl~`lh`l„z j~{ q`~{ yjm`e 

bklo`d le`l d`lhe`m"d`lhe`m {l~{e bklh`~`qj jlcd`qj n`l yjm`e d`jllz` bklo`d`le`lekfjo`e`l bklh`~ qj yklh`lhh{v`l$ ekfjo`e`l z`lh fkv~kl~`lh`l j~{ ~jn`e `e`lbkla`y j ~{o{`llz`, [l~{e bkljlhe`~e`l ekkcke~jc`l ekfjo`e`l ykbkvjl~`m b`qjlh"b`qjlh jlq~j~{qj nj `~`q ykvd{ bklo`d`le`l m`d fkvje{~?j, [l~{e bklh`~`qj yklh`lhh{v`l? F`le Qkl~v`d ykvd{ bkl{v{le`l q{e{ f{lh` n`lEkbkl~kvj`l Ek{`lh`l bkl`bf`m yklhkd{`v`l ykbkvjl~`m z`lh n`y`~ njje{~j y{d`nklh`l yklh{v`lh`l y`o`e, D`lhe`m ~kvqkf{~ `e`l bklzkf`fe`l ekl je`l n`d b

  yklhkd{`v`l `hvkh ~ qkf`h`j `ejf ~? ekl`je`l jlskq~`qj$ ekl`je`l yklhkd{`v`l ykbkvjl~`m n`l ekl`je`l yklhkd{`v`l v{b`m ~`lhh` -eglq{bqj*,jj, [l~{e bklh`~ qj jlcd`qj? ^jln`e`l z`lh ykvd{ njo d`le`l F`le Qkl~v`d `n`d mbklh{v`lhj ykl`x`v`l {`lh n`l bkl`jee`l q{e{ f{lh`, Ekfjo`e`l bglk~kv jlj

`e`l bklh{v`lhj jlskq~`qj n`l yklhkd{`v`l v{b`m ~`lhh` -eglq{bqj*, Qk~kv{qlz`Ekbkl~kvj`l Ek{`lh`l ykvd{ y{d` bklh{v`lhj yklhkd{ v`l n`l bkl jee`l y`o e jlnjsjn{ n`l ykv{q`m``l, D`lhe`m ~kvqkf{~ n`y`~ bklh{v`lhj yklhkd{`v`l

 ykbkvjl~`m$ bklh{v`lhj jlskq~`qj n`l bklh{v`lhj yklhkd{`v`l v{b`m ~`lhh`,

EKFJO@E@L QKHJ YKL@X@V@LYkbf`m`q`l z`lh ~kvn`m{d{ bklhkl j f`h jb`l` ekfjo`e`l cjqe`d n`l ek{`lh`lnjh{l`e`l {l~{e bklh`~`qj b`q`d`m yklh`lhh{v`l n`l jlcd`qj n`y`~ o{h` njl`b`e`lqkf`h`j ekfjo`e`l qkhj ykvbjl~``l, Jq~jd`m j~{ ykvd{ njh{l`e`l {l~{e bkbfkn`e`llz`

nklh`l ekfjo`e`l qkhj ykl`x v`l, Ekfjo`e`l qkhj ykvbjl~``l y`n` m`eje ~lz`bkv{y`e`l ekfjo`e`l ykbkvjl~`m {l~{e bkbyklh`v{mj b`hlj~{n n`vj fkvf`h`jegbyglkl yklhkd{`v`l n`l ykvbjl~``l `hvkh`~, Qkn`lhe`l ekfjo`e`l qkhj ykl`x`v`l`n`d`m d`lhe`m"d`lhe`m ykbkvjl~`m z`lh fkv~{o{`l {l~{e bkbyklh`v{mj ykl`x`v`l`hvkh`~ -@Q*, N`d`b {v`j`l fkvje{~ nj~kv`lhe`l f`h`jb`l` ekfjo`e`l qkhj ykl`x`v`lnjh{l`e`l {l~{e bklh`~`qj b`q`d`m q~`hcd`qj n`l yklh`lhh{v`l,

Q^@HCD@QJ N@L EKFJO@E@L QKHJ YKL@X@V@LH`bf`v nj f`x`m jlj bklkv`lhe`l bklhkl`j x{o{nlz` b`q`d m q~`hcd`qj n`l

 f`h`jb`l` ekfjo`e`l qkhj ykl`x`v`l njh{l`e`l {l~{e bklh`~`qjlz`, Ykvbjl~``l n`l ykl`x`v`l `hvkh`~ z`lh `x`d b`qjlh"b`qjlh `n`d`m @N9 n`l @Q9, Nklh`l nkbjej`lekqkjbf`lh`l `x`d nja`y`j nj K9 n`l ekqkjbf`lh`l jlj bklhh`bf`ve`l ~jlhe`~m`vh` Y9 n`l ~jlhe`~ ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d Z9, Bjq`de`l ~jbf{d q`d`m q`~{ b`q`d`mz`lh bkljbf{de`l q~`hcd`qj qkykv~j ekl`je`l {y`m ~kl`h` ekvo`$ ekbkvgqg~`l ljd`jb`~` {`lh `~`{ ekl`je`l m`vh` f`v`lh jbygv, Kcke n`vj q`d`m q`~{ ykv{f`m`l qkykv~jj~{ e{vs` ykl`x`v`l `hvkh`~ `e`l fkvhkqkv ek ejvj„z`j~{ njh`bf`ve`l gdkm

 ykv{f`m`l n`vj @Q9 bklo`nj @Q0, Kcke n`vj ykv{f`m`l jlj ekqkjbf`lh`l fkv{f`mn`vj K9 bklo`nj K0 n`l bklzkf`fe`l ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d vjjd bkl{v{l n`vj Z9 ekZ0 n`l ~jlhe`~ m`vh` bkljlhe`~ n`vj Y9 bklo`nj Y0, Nklh`l e`~` d`jl$ q~`hcd`qj

 fkvd`e{, [l~{e bklh`~`qj b`q`d`m ~kvqkf{~ ykbkvjl~`m bklo`d`le`l ekfjo`e`l qkhj

 ykl`x v`l„ z`j~{ bkd e{e`l d`lhe`m"d`lhe`m z`lh bkl{v{le`l fj`z` yvgn{eqj  ykv{q`m``l"ykv{q`m``l -bjq`dlz` nklh`l bklh{v`lhj y`o`e ek `~`q f`m`l bkl~`m

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`~`{ bklk~`ye`l m`vh` f`m`l bkl~`m* n`l bklhh`d`ee`l ykvekbf`lh`l ~kelgdghj,D`lhe`m"d`lhe`m ykbkvjl~`m ~kvqkf{~ `e`l bkbjln`me`l e{vs` @Q ek e`l`l$bjq`dlz` n`vj @Q0 bklo`nj @Q6, Ekqkjbf`lh`l f`v{ nja`y`j nj K6 n`l fkv`v~j ~jlhe`~m`vh` bkla`y`j Y6 n`l ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d Z6, @y`fjd` @Q0 n`y`~ njekbf`dje`leky`n` @Q9 qkf`h`j `ejf`~ n`vj ekfjo`e`l qkhj ykl`x`v`l$ ~jlhe`~ m`vh` `e`l ekbf`dj

ek Y9 n`l ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d vjjd ek Z9,

JLCD@QJ N@L EKFJO@E@L QKHJ YKL@X@V@L

Qkd`lo{~lz` ykvm`~je`l y{d` f`h`jb`l` b`q`d`m jlcd`qj z`lh ~jbf{d nj`~`qj nklh`lbklo`d le`l ekfjo`e`l qkhj ykl`x`v`l, Ykvm`~je`l H`bf`v nj f`x`m jlj,Ekqkjbf`lh`l ykvb{d``l nja`y`j nj K9$ z`j~{ y`n` ykvyg~glh`l @N9 ek @Q9, Y`n`ekqkjbf`lh`l jlj ~jlhe`~ m`vh` Y9 n`l ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d vjjd Z9, Ykvekbf`lh`lkeglgbj z`lh ykq`~ bkbjln`me`l ykvbjl~``l `hvkh`~ n`vj @N9 bklo`nj @N0 n`lbkbjln`me`l ekqkjbf`lh`l ek K0„z`lh bklhh`bf`ve`l jlcd qj fkvd e{ -m`vh`l`je n`vj Y9 ek Y0* n`d`b ek`n``l keglgbj z`lh fkvekbf`lh -ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`dvjjd fkv~`bf`m n`vj Z9 ek Z0*, X`d`{y{l ykv~{bf{m`l keglgbj z`lh fkvd`e{bkv{y`e`l q`~{ m`d z`lh bklhh`d`ee`l$ ek`n``l jlcd`qj bkljbf{de`l kcke f{v{e eky`n` ekb`eb{v`l b`qz`v`e`~, B`e`$ {l~{e bklhke`de`l ykv~{bf{m`l keglgbjz`lh fkvd`e{$ ykbkvjl~ m bklo d`le`l ekfjo`e`l qkhj ykl`x`v`l z`lh n`y`~bkl{v{le`l fj z` yklhkd{`v`l ykv{q`m``l"ykv{q`m``l n`l bklhh`d`ee`l

 ykvekbf`lh`l ~kelgdghj, @y`fjd` d`lhe`m jlj fkvm`qjd$ ykl`x`v`l `hvkh`~ @Q `e`l fkvhkv`e ek e`l`l$ bjq`dlz` n`vj @Q9 bklo`nj @Q0, Ykv{f`m`l jlj bkbjln`me`lekqkjbf`lh`l n`vj K0 ek K6, Ekqkjbf`lh`l f`v{ jlj bklhh`bf`ve`l f`mx`

 ykvkeglgbj`l qkb`ejl fkvekbf`lh qkmjlhh` ekqkby`~`l ekvo` ykl{m nja`y`j -z`j~{  ykln`y ~`l l`qjgl`d vjjd bkla`y`j Z* n`l b`q`d`m jlcd qj n`y`~ nje{v`lhjekqkvj{q`llz` gdkm e`vkl` m`vh` ~kd`m ~{v{l n`vj Y0 ek Y6,

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YKLH@LHH[V@L N@L EKFJO@E@L QKHJ YKL@X@V@L

[l~{e bkb`m`bj f`h`jb`l` ekfjo e`l qkhj ykl`x`v`l `e`l njh{l`e`l {l~{e bklh`~ qj b`q`d`m yklh`lhh{v l ykvm`~je`ld`m H`bf`v nj f`x`m jlj, Ekqkjbf`lh`lkeglgbj nja`y`j nj K9 n`l bklhh`bf`ve`l -j* ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d vjjd n`l ~jlhe`~m`vh` b`qjlh"b`qjlh `n`d`m Z9 n`l Y9$ n`l -jj* ~kvn`y`~ yklh`lhh{v`l z`lh qkvj{qn`d`b ykvkeglgbj`l gdkm e`vkl` ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d vjd z`lh x{o{n `n`d`m o`{m nj

  f`x`m ZC, N`d b {q`m` {l~{e bklh`~`qj yklh`lhh{v`l ykbkvjl~`m bkd e{e`l  fkfkv`y` ~jln`e`l z`lh ~kvhgdglh qkf`h`j ekfjo`e`l qkhj ykl`x`v`l, Kcke n`vj ykd`eq`l``l ekfjo`e`l ykbkvjl~`m ~kvqkf{~ e{vs` @Q9 fkhkqkv ek @Q0, Y`n` b`q`z`lh q`b` fkfkv`y` {q`m` n`d`b ekfjo`e`l qkhj ykl`x`v l ~kvqkf{~ `e`l bkl`jee`lekqkby ~`l ekvo n`l ykln`y`~ l, Ykv{f`m`l jlj `e`l bkbjln`me`l e{vs` @N9bklo`nj @N0, Ekqkjbf`lh`l f`v{„z`j~{ ykvyg~glh`l `l~`v` @Q0 n`l @N0 nja`y`j

nj K0 n`l fkv`v~j ~jlhe`~ m`vh` vkd`~jc q~`fjd y`n` Y9 n`l ykln`y`~`l l`qjgl`d vjjdbkljlhe`~ n`vj Z9 ek Z0 n`l ykv~`bf`m`l jlj `e`l bklh{v`lhj yklh`lhh{v`l, N`vj`l`djqjq nj `~`q n`y`~ njqjby{de`l f`mx` ekfjo`e`l qkhj ykl`x`v`l `n`d`m q`lh`~kcke~jc {l~{e bklh`~ qj yklh`lhh{v`l e`vkl` nj q`byjlh bkbjln`me`l @Q o{h`n`y`~ bkbjln`me`l @N$ n`l y`n` b`q` z`lh q`b` ~jlhe`~ m`vh` n`y`~ njq~`fjde`l,Ykv~{bf{m`l keglgbj o{h` dkfjm ykq`~,