manual de comunicacion para organizaciones sociales - enero 2010 - gi - portalguarani

7/21/2019 MANUAL DE COMUNICACION PARA ORGANIZACIONES SOCIALES - ENERO 2010 - GI - PORTALGUARANI

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E`ku`j dcmleuknm`mnk

p`r`lra`knz`mnlkcs

slmn`jcs

Cs uk` nknmn`tnv` dc7 Mlk cj plyl dc7


2/44

Mllpcr`mnk p`r` cj dcs`rrljjl

Cj Ilkdl Mrnstn`kl M`k`dncksc p`r` j` Kncz (MMIM plr sus snaj`sck nkajs) cs uk` lra`knz`mnk nktcrk`mnlk`j dc mllpcr`mnk p`r`cj dcs`rrljjl, mlk nktcrvckmnlkcs mcktr`d`s ck j` kncz quc vnvc cksntu`mnk dc plhrcz`. MMIM cs encehrl dcj MfnjdIukd @jjn`kmc (Ilkdl

@jn`kz` p`r` j` Kncz), uk` jn`kz` dc lra`knz`mnlkcs quc tr`h`g`k plrj` kncz prlelvnckdl mèhnls snakninm`tnvls ck j` m`jnd`d dc vnd` dcknls, kn`s, iènjn`s y mleuknd`dcs ck es dc 33 p`scs.

Mlk j` cxpcrnckmn` dc 32 `ls dc tr`h`gl nktcrk`mnlk`j (03 `lsck R`ràu`y), `prckdnckdl dc j`s huck`s prmtnm`s y mlk j`rcsplks`hnjnd`d dc prlelvcr `mmnlkcs slstcknhjcs p`r` ecglr`r j`m`jnd`d dc vnd` dc knls y kn`s, sus iènjn`s y sus mleuknd`dcs, cj

MMIM `pukt` fly ` uk dcs`rrljjl mleuknt`rnl mcktr`dl ck j` kncz.

Tr`h`g`kdl ck `jn`kz` mlk mlktr`p`rtcs jlm`jcs, cj MMIM `ply`prlarè`s quc ileckt`k j` p`rtnmnp`mnk y ilrt`jcmck m`p`mnd`dcs,ckilmkdlsc ck mnkml scmtlrcs7 ilrt`jcmnencktl nkstntumnlk`j y dcj` lra`knz`mnk mleuknt`rn`, cdum`mnk, s`jud y kutrnmnk, àu` ys`kcèncktl y dcs`rrljjl dc `jtcrk`tnv`s dc ackcr`mnk dc nkarcsls.

MMIM mllpcr` mtu`jecktc mlk prlarè`s dc dcs`rrljjl mleuknt`rnlck 6 p`scs7 Huronk` I`sl, Ctnlp`, Af`k`, Nkdn`, ]rn J`ko`, Knm`ràu`,R`ràu`y y T`kz`kn`.

MMIM Linmnk` R`ràu`yIjlrcs M`ktcrl 848 m/ Tcjel @qunklH`rrnl Ehurnm` / Tcjilkl 88>-6=3@sukmnk, R`ràu`y

p`ràu`ynkilBmmim`k`d`.m`www.mmim`k`d`.m`


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E`ku`j dcmleuknm`mnk

p`r`lra`knz`mnlkcs

slmn`jcs


4/44

4

E`ku`jdcmleuknm`mnkp`r`

lra`knz`mnlkcsslmn`jcs

Inmf` tmknm`

E`ku`j dc mleuknm`mnk p`r` lra`knz`mnlkcs slmn`jcs

Cj prcscktc e`tcrn`j iuc cj`hlr`dl plr cj cqunpl tmknmldc j` @ackmn` Ajlh`j dc Kltnmn`s, ck cj e`rml dc j`mllpcr`mnk tmknm` y ink`kmncr` dcj Ilkdl Mrnstn`klM`k`dncksc p`r` j` Kncz (MMIM). @eh`s lra`knz`mnlkcsmlnkmndncrlk ck j` prclmup`mnk c nktcrs dc dniukdnr uk`

vnsnk dc mleuknm`mnk mlel fcrrènckt` cstr`tanm` dcdcs`rrljjl quc pj`se`rlk ` tr`vs dcj prcscktc e`ku`j.

J` @ackmn` Ajlh`j dc Kltnmn`s cs uk prlycmtl dc Ajlh`jNki`kmn`, nktcar`ktc dc j` Xcd @KDN @ernm` J`tnk`.Dnrcmtlr` dc Ajlh`j Nki`kmn`7 E`rt` Hcktcz.Mllrdnk`dlr` dc j` @ackmn` Ajlh`j dc Kltnmn`s7 E`r` ]njvn`M`jvl.

Cqunpl tmknml7 Mcmnjn` ]è`kncal, Xldljil R`rnsn, XèkXlecrl y Dncal Hrle.

Neprcsl ck @sukmnk, ck ckcrl dc 8202.

@ackmn` Ajlh`j dc Kltnmn`s@vcknd` E`dèc Jykmf 896 csq. Ymtlr FcykH`rrnl Ynjj` @urcjn`, @sukmnk, R`ràu`y

Tcjilkls (3>3 80) 302 443 302 984C-e`nj7 àckmnàjlh`jBajlh`jnki`kmn`.lra.pyQch7 www.ajlh`jnki`kmn`.lra.py/àckmnàjlh`j


5/44

E`ku`jdc

mleuknm`mnk

p`r`lra`knz`mnlkcsslmn`jcs

3

KDNMC

0. Rrcsckt`mnk 9

8. Rrnkmnpnls hsnmls 6

=. Mleuknm`mnk dcsdc j`s lra`knz`mnlkcsdc j` slmncd`d mnvnj 00

4. J` mleuknm`mnk lra`knz`mnlk`j 0=

3. Lra`knz`kdl j` mleuknm`mnk ck j`

lra`knz`mnk 03

9. Xcsplks`hjc dc j` mleuknm`mnk 0>

1. J` mleuknm`mnk nktcrk` 88

6. J` mleuknm`mnk cxtcrk` 86

>. Nktcrkct mlel ecdnl dc mleuknm`mnk

slmn`j =6

02. H`sc dc d`tls 40

00. Iucktcs mlksujt`d`s 48


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9



RXC]CKT@MNK

J`s lra`knz`mnlkcs dc j` slmncd`d mnvnj (L]M) quc tr`h`g`k plrcj dcs`rrljjl y hnckcst`r slmn`j y` kl pucdck cjudnr, ck pjcklsnajl VVN, cj ar`k dcsìl dc cktckdcr j` mleuknm`mnk mleluk` fcrrènckt` cstr`tanm` dc acstnk quc mlj`hlr` mlk cj

jlarl dc su ensnk, sus lhgctnvls s mlel mlk j` slstcknhnjnd`ddc jls rcsujt`dls quc pcrsnauck. ]nk ceh`ral, ck R`ràu`y csnkmnpncktcecktc utnjnz`d` y cst csm`sècktc dcs`rrljj`d`.

Cj rlj slmn`j dc j`s L]M dchcr` nktcrpcj`rj`s ` mleuknm`r` j` slmncd`d y ` su phjnml `mcrm` dc j`s `mmnlkcs qucdcscepc`k. Kl sc tr`t` dc uk` snepjc dniusnk nkstntumnlk`jl ùtl prlelmnk, snkl dc uk mleprlensl cke`rm`dl ck

j` tr`ksp`rckmn` dc j` acstnk y j` mlkscmucktc mrcdnhnjnd`dnkstntumnlk`j y, ` su vcz, j` scksnhnjnz`mnk, cdum`mnk yackcr`mnk dc mleprlensl slmn`j f`mn` j` mùs` quc j`seucvc.

J` mleuknm`mnk mlk ckilquc dc dcs`rrljjl, eldcjl prlpucstlck cstc e`ku`j, rcquncrc scksnhnjnd`d y vnsnk cstr`tanm`p`r` pldcr mrc`r ckilqucs mleukcs, mucstnlk`r jl quc kl sc

mucstnlk`, prlpnmn`r j` p`rtnmnp`mnk dc jls arupls cxmjundlsquc slk nktcrjlmutlrcs jcatnels, scksnhnjnz`r ` j` slmncd`dslhrc mncrtls tce`s, elvnjnz`rjls ck cstc scktndl y mlj`hlr`rck j` mlkstrummnk dc uk tcgndl slmn`j prltàlknst` y prleltlrdcj dcs`rrljjl.

]n hnck sc rcmlklmc j` `jt` rcjcv`kmn` dcj mleplkcktcmujtur`j y j` ndcktnd`d dc m`d` lra`knz`mnk ck su acstnk

dc mleuknm`mnk, sc mlksndcr` prnelrdn`j rc`jnz`r j` t`rc` dce`kcr` pj`kninm`d` y cstr`tanm`. Cj prcscktc e`tcrn`j `mcrm`

0


7/44

E`ku`jdc

mleuknm`mnk


1

`jaukls mlkmcptls tcrnmls y mlkscgls prmtnmls quc pucdck`yud`r ` nepjceckt`r j`s `mmnlkcs ck cstc scktndl.

Cj E`ku`j dc mleuknm`mnk p`r` lra`knz`mnlkcs slmn`jcs

husm` scr uk `plrtc quc scksnhnjnmc `j tcrmcr scmtlr slhrc j`neplrt`kmn` dc acstnlk`r cstr`tanm`ecktc j` mleuknm`mnky dc prlicsnlk`jnz`r cst` t`rc`. ]n jucal dc jccr j`s snauncktcspank`s sc ackcr`k dud`s c nkqunctudcs ck cstc scktndl, cjlhgctnvl cst`r muepjndl.

@ackmn` Ajlh`j dc Kltnmn`sAjlh`j Nki`kmn`

Ilkdl Mrnstn`kl M`k`dnckscp`r` j` Kncz (MMIM)


8/44

6



8RXNKMNRNL]H]NML]

J` mleuknm`mnk pucdc scr cktckdnd` mlel cj prlmcsl dcnktcrrcj`mnk fue`k` quc sc dcs`rrljj` tr`vs dcj nktcrmèhnldc nkilre`mnk y snakninm`dls. Ck cstc prlmcsl, mlepjcgl dcfcmfl, sc vnkmuj`k dnicrcktcs mleplkcktcs quc mlktrnhuyck c

nktcr`mt`k eutuècktc ck cj `mtl mleuknm`tnvl.

Ck rc`jnd`d, sc j` pucdc dcinknr dc dnvcrs`s e`kcr`s y`tckdnckdl ` dnicrcktcs `spcmtls. @s, pldcels prcsckt`rj`mlel7

uk prlmcsl k`tur`j uknvcrs`j quc `jm`kz` su exne`mlepjcgnd`d ck cj scr fue`kl vnvnckdl ck slmncd`d?

nktcrrcj`mnk fue`k` quc sc rc`jnz` ecdn`ktc cj usl dcsnakls, ackcr`jecktc lra`knz`dl ck ilre` dc mdnals?

cqunv`jcktc ` ecdnls dc mleuknm`mnk utnjnz`dls plrcj flehrc p`r` tr`ksplrt`r ecks`gcs l e`tcrn`jcs yprldumtls?

mleuknm`mnk mlel tcmkljla` `pjnm`d` ` j` prldummnk,tr`ksensnk y rcmcpmnk dc ecks`gcs?

snstce`s nkstntumnlk`jcs quc i`mnjnt`k j` mnrmuj`mnk dcecks`gcs l jls prldumck snstcetnmècktc7 ceprcs`spcrnldstnm`s, mlrrcls, àckmn`s dc kltnmn`s?

mnckmn` quc cstudn` c nkvcstna` jls ickeckls ck jlsmèpls `ktcrnlrecktc eckmnlk`dls.


9/44

E`ku`jdc

mleuknm`mnk


>

Dcj mlkmcptl quc `dlptcels dcpckdcr ck ar`k ecdnd`j` lrnckt`mnk quc jc dcels ck kucstrl `mmnlk`r. Dcsdccstc e`ku`j sc prlplkc j` vnsnk dc mleuknm`mnk p`r` cjdcs`rrljjl, quc scr dcsmrnt` mlk e`ylr dct`jjc ck j`s prxne`s

pank`s.

Sk prnkmnpnl ` tckcr ck muckt`, mlel hnck jl sc`j RùjQ`tzj`wnmo0, cs quc cs neplsnhjc kl mleuknm`r y` quctld` mlkdumt` cs mleuknm`mnk. Rlr jl t`ktl, sn dcmndnelskl mleuknm`r ck uk` dctcrenk`d` sntu`mnk, dchcels scrmlksmncktcs dc quc ck rc`jnd`d ck cs` kl mleuknm`mnkcstèls mleuknm`kdl `jal.

F`y quc tckcr ck muckt` tèhnk quc j` mleuknm`mnk scdcs`rrljj` ck uk mlktcxtl dctcrenk`dl ck cj quc nktcrvnckcksntu`mnlkcs y cjcecktls quc dcinkck j` mlkstrummnk dc jlsecks`gcs centndls. Rlr cgcepjl, sn pcksèls ck uk ecks`gcp`r` uk e`tcrn`j mlel uk ìnmfc, cj ecks`gc v` ` tckcrrcj`mnk mlk j`s m`r`mtcrstnm`s dc j`s pcrslk`s p`r` j`s quccj ensel v` dnrnandl. Cktlkmcs, vèls ` plkcr ck cj ìnmfcdnhugls, p`j`hr`s c ndc`s quc sc`k `mlrdcs mlk j` ilre` dcpcks`r, dc vcr j` rc`jnd`d, dc f`hj`r y dc f`mcr j`s mls`s dccs` mleuknd`d.

Dcj ensel eldl, mleuknm`r nepjnm` nkilre`r y csmumf`r `jls nktcrjlmutlrcs. J` nkilre`mnk centnd` rcprcsckt` d`tlsdctcrenk`dls quc mlktrnhuyck `j prlmcsl mleuknm`tnvl,r`zk plr j` mu`j kl dchc mlkiukdnrsc mlel snkknel dcmleuknm`mnk8, y` quc j` nkilre`mnk cs j` h`sc slhrc j` quclpcr` cst` jtne`. J` csmumf` `mtnv` cs uk` dc j`s f`hnjnd`dcses dnimnjcs dc dcs`rrljj`r y quc nepjnm` tckmnk, mleprlensl,`pcrtur` y prcsckmn` dc p`rtc dc jls `mtlrcs nktcrvnkncktcs ckcj prlmcsl.

0 Cstc cs ukl dc jls mnkml `xnle`s ilreuj`dls plr cstc tcrnml dc j` mleuknm`mnk dc j` csmucj`

dc R`jl @jtl, Cst`dls Skndls. Rucdc mlksujt`rsc su jnhrl Tclr` _RràetnmÙ dc j` mleuknm`mnkfue`k` (mlk G`kct Hc`vnk y Dlk G`moslk), 0>60.8 Icrkkdcz Jpcz, ]cranl. Mlel acstnlk`r j` mleuknm`mnk. Cdnmnlkcs K`rmc`. 8221


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02



J` utnjnz`mnk dc j` mleuknm`mnk mlel tcmkljla` cs j`fcrr`enckt` ck j` quc nktcrvnckck uk mlkguktl dc rcmursls,y` sc`k ecmknmls, cjcmtrknmls, isnmls, ctm. (cg.7 tcjilkl,nktcrkct, m`rt`s), quc sc `pjnm`k ` j` prldummnk, tr`ksensnk y

rcmcpmnk dc ecks`gcs.

Cs `jt`ecktc rcjcv`ktc sc`j`r cj mleplkcktc mujtur`j

mlel cgc prnkmnp`j p`r` dcinknr cj `mtl mleuknm`tnvl dcuk` lra`knz`mnk. Ck cstc scktndl, f`y quc dcst`m`r quc ckcj prlmcsl mleuknm`tnvl cs nkcvnt`hjc quc nktcrvcka`k j`smlstuehrcs, jls v`jlrcs, j` cdum`mnk, mrcckmn`s, cxpcrnckmn`s,mlklmnencktls dc qunckcs nktcar`k j` lra`knz`mnk, y quc slk

mj`vcs ck cj prlmcsl dnkenml dc j` `mmnk mleuknm`tnv`.


11/44

E`ku`jdc

mleuknm`mnk


00

=MLESKNM@MNKDC]DC J@]LXA@KNW@MNLKC]DC J@ ]LMNCD@DMNYNJ

Cj rlj slmn`j dc j`s lra`knz`mnlkcs dc j` slmncd`d mnvnj (L]M)rcquncrc mleuknm`r ` su phjnml y ` j` slmncd`d ense` j`s`mmnlkcs quc dcscepc`k.

Cj mleprlensl slmn`j dc mleuknm`r dchc cst`r cke`rm`dl,

plr uk j`dl, ck nepujs`r uk` tr`ksp`rckmn` lra`knz`tnv` ck

j` acstnk dc j`s `mmnlkcs quc rc`jnz`, y ck dcelstr`r cj

scktndl dc rcsplks`hnjnd`d slmn`j, jl quc hrnkd`r e`ylrmrcdnhnjnd`d ` j` lra`knz`mnk.

J` huck` neàck dc j` lra`knz`mnk cs uk `mtnvl quc sc dchcv`jlr`r y prcscrv`r, y cs neplrt`ktc cktckdcr quc huck` neàckkl cs snkknel dc j` usckmn` dc uk` e`j` neàck. Es hnck,cst` huck` neàck dchc scr mlkstrund` dcsdc cj qucf`mcrdn`rnl, pcrl tèhnk dcsdc j` mleuknm`mnk cstr`tanm`.

@j mleuknm`r cstr`tanmècktc, plr jl t`ktl, kls ilrt`jcmcelsy in`kzèls mlel lra`knz`mnk, plsnhnjntèls j` mlkstrummnkdc uk` neàck nktckmnlk`j y cvntèls nkilre`mnlkcsnkmlepjct`s y crrkc`s quc pucd`k suranr dc ruelrcs l v`mlsmleuknm`mnlk`jcs.

Kl sc pucdc naklr`r quc cj jckau`gc mlkstruyc

eukdl, jl rcmrc`, slstnckc c nkmjusl prcinaur` ltrls

eukdls plsnhjcs.


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08



Rlr ltr` p`rtc, j` mleuknm`mnk dchc scr uk nkstruecktlcstr`tanml dcj dcs`rrljjl.Cj dcscepcl dc uk` lra`knz`mnkck j` slmncd`d cst v`jlr`dl plr sus `mmnlkcs, quc cstk`ply`d`s y dcpckdck dcj mleprlensl f`mn` j` mùs` quc

j`s eucvc, y ck mlkscmuckmn` j` mlkin`kz` quc ackcrc ckj` slmncd`d. Ck cstc scktndl, rcsujt` iukdèckt`j prlelvcrcj dch`tc phjnml dc jls tce`s ck jls quc tr`h`gèls p`r`scksnhnjnz`r y mrc`r mlkmnckmn` slhrc jls ensels.

Cs plr cstl quc, p`r` muepjnr mlk j` ensnk y vnsnk dc j`lra`knz`mnk, st` kcmcsnt` mleuknm`r. Nktcar`r j` mleuknm`mnkcstr`tanm` ck prlycmtls dc dcs`rrljjl cs j` fcrrènckt` cinm`z

quc pucdc mlktrnhunr jlar`r jls lhgctnvls y j` slstcknhnjnd`d dcjls rcsujt`dls quc pcrsnauc j` lra`knz`mnk. J` mleuknm`mnkcstr`tanm` husm` jlar`r uk mèhnl ck cj mleplrtèncktl yf`mcr slstcknhjc cj dcs`rrljjl `jm`kz`dl.

Cj p`pcj dc j` mleuknm`mnk ck y dcsdc j`s lra`knz`mnlkcs

ck cj ckilquc dc dcs`rrljjl rcquncrc scksnhnjnd`d y vnsnkcstr`tanm` p`r` pldcr mrc`r vnsnlkcs mleukcs, mucstnlk`r jlquc kl sc mucstnlk`, prlpnmn`r j` p`rtnmnp`mnk dc jls aruplscxmjundls quc slk nktcrjlmutlrcs jcatnels, scksnhnjnz`r ` j`slmncd`d slhrc mncrtls tce`s y elvnjnz`rjls ck cstc scktndl, ymlj`hlr`r ck j` mlkstrummnk dc uk tcgndl slmn`j i`vlr`hjc p`r`j` `mmnk slmn`j.

Sk` mleuknm`mnk quc husquc mlktrnhunr `j dcs`rrljjl7

dnsmutnr jls prnkmnpnls y v`jlrcs slmn`jcs? nktcar`r cj rcspctl plr j` dnvcrsnd`d mujtur`j?

scr mrtnml ircktc ` j` rc`jnd`d?

mleprckdcr y husm`r tr`ksilre`mnlkcs ` tr`vs dcmèhnls mlkmrctls?

mlklmcr j`s rc`jnd`dcs mleprlectnd`s ck m`d` `mmnk?

ckmlktr`r ectldljla`s quc mlksndcrck `j scr fue`kl

mlel mcktrl dc j` csmck`.


13/44

E`ku`jdc

mleuknm`mnk


0=

4J@ MLESKNM@MNKLXA@KNW@MNLK@J

J` mleuknm`mnk lra`knz`mnlk`j pucdc scr dcinknd` mlel cjsnstce` mllrdnk`dlrcktrc j` lra`knz`mnk y sus phjnmls,quc`mt` p`r` i`mnjnt`r j` mlkscmumnk dc jls lhgctnvls cspcminmlsdc èhls=.

R`r` cktckdcr ecglr cstc mlkmcptl, vèls ` enr`r ck dct`jjcsus cjcecktls.

]nstce` mllrdnk`dlr7sc rcincrc ` j` iukmnk `rtnmuj`dlr`,dc ckj`mc y rcj`mnlkèncktl quc tnckc j` mleuknm`mnklra`knz`mnlk`j. ]c v`jc dc ecdnls y ecm`knselscspcminmls.

Rhjnmls7 slk j`s pcrslk`s, lra`knz`mnlkcs, ceprcs`sc nkstntumnlkcs quc cstk rcj`mnlk`d`s `j qucf`mcr dc j`lra`knz`mnk. ]c mj`sninm`k ck7 nktcrkls (jls encehrls quctr`h`g`k `j nktcrnlr dc j` ense`) y cxtcrkls (jls quc cstk

iucr` dc cjj`). Lhgctnvls7j` lra`knz`mnk tr`z` lhgctnvls, jls mu`jcs scr`k

neplsnhjcs dc vn`hnjnz`r sn kl sc mlkt`r` mlk pcrslk`s qucjc dcdnquck su csiucrzl y ckcra`. Cst`s pcrslk`s jjca`kmlk ect`s pcrslk`jcs quc quncrck vcr jlar`d`s ` p`rtnr dcsu tr`h`gl nkdnvndu`j y dc j` mllpcr`mnk mlk jls ltrls. J`lra`knz`mnk dchcr` nktcrcs`rsc plr f`mcr rc`jnd`d èhlsnktcrcscs.

= Eurncj, E`r` Juns` y Xlt`, Anjd`. Mleuknm`mnk nkstntumnlk`j7 ckilquc slmn`j dc j`s rcj`mnlkcsfue`k`s. Puntl7 Cdntlr` @kdnk`, 0>62.


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09



J` pj`kninm`mnk

Mlel sc f` vnstl, j` mleuknm`mnk lra`knz`mnlk`j, mlelmu`jquncr ltrl prlmcsl dc acstnk, kcmcsnt` dc j` r`mnlk`jnz`mnk

dc j`s lpcr`mnlkcs quc sc prctckdck jjcv`r ` m`hl, ` jl quc scdcklenk` pj`kninm`mnk.

Sk cjcecktl quc pucdc `ktcmcdcr ` j` pj`kninm`mnk cs j`dcinknmnk dc `j eckls `jaukls eknels dcjnkc`encktlsdc pljtnm` nkstntumnlk`j ck rcj`mnk ` j` mleuknm`mnklra`knz`mnlk`j. Cst` pljtnm` dchc lircmcr cj e`rml rcicrckmn`jdcktrl dcj mu`j sc dcs`rrljj`r j` acstnk mleuknm`tnv` y cst`r

ck mlkmlrd`kmn` mlk j` vnsnk y ensnk, jls v`jlrcs, j` ndcktnd`dy j` mujtur` lra`knz`mnlk`j.

Cj dnscl p`rtnmnp`tnvl dc uk pj`k cstr`tanml dc

mleuknm`mnk rcsujt` mj`vc, y` quc cs uk prlmcsl quc scrvnrp`r` dcjnkc`r jls prlpsntls y jlar`r jls lhgctnvls dcsc`dls plrj` lra`knz`mnk. Cj tncepl quc dce`kd` j` pj`kninm`mnk pucdccst`r dctcrenk`dl7 ` mlrtl, ecdn`kl y j`ral pj`zl, dc `mucrdl

` j`s kcmcsnd`dcs prlpucst`s. Cstl dcpckdcr dc j` cjcmmnkdc j`s cstr`tcan`s es `dcmu`d`s p`r` jlar`r jls lhgctnvls.

Ct`p`s dc j` pj`kninm`mnk dc j` mleuknm`mnk

J` pj`kninm`mnk v`r` ck su k`tur`jcz` dc `mucrdl ` jl qucsc prctckdc pj`kninm`r? snk ceh`ral, f`y `jaukls `spcmtlsquc pucdck scr mlksndcr`dls y `jaukls p`sls hsnmls quc sc

dchck scaunr. @ mlktnku`mnk sc prcsckt` uk csquce` sckmnjjlmlk prcaukt`s au`s quc pucdck i`mnjnt`r kucstr` t`rc` dcpj`kninm`r j` mleuknm`mnk.


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E`ku`jdc

mleuknm`mnk


01

Ct`p` 07 Dnàkstnml

Rrcaukt`7 mujcs slk j`s kcmcsnd`dcs y prlhjce`s `rcsljvcr

9XC]RLK]@HJC DCJ@ MLESKNM@MNK

J` acstnk dc j` mleuknm`mnk j nktcrnlr dc j`s lra`knz`mnlkcs

cs uk` prmtnm` rcj`tnvècktc kucv`. Ck uk prnkmnpnl y `kck kucstrl p`s cs plsnhjc quc `k `s sc` j`s `mtnvnd`dcsdc mleuknm`mnk cr`k dcs`rrljj`d`s m`sn nktuntnvècktc, mlkcsm`sl l kujl rcsp`jdl tcrnml, dc e`kcr` neprlvns`d`, snk rnalrl ectldljla`? cs dcmnr, snk uk` pj`kninm`mnk cstr`tanm`.

Fly ck d` f`y e`ylr mleprcksnk dc j` neplrt`kmn` dccst` acstnk y, mlkscmucktcecktc, e`ylr mlkvnmmnk dc j`

kcmcsnd`d dc husm`r ` uk` pcrslk`j prlicsnlk`j quc j` cgcrz`.

Ck cstc scktndl, j` inaur` dcj rcsplks`hjc dc j` mleuknm`mnkcs mj`vc, y` quc cs j` pcrslk` quc tr`h`g` mlk j` neàck

dc j` nkstntumnk, acstnlk` y `denknstr` jls ecks`gcs t`ktl

dcktrl mlel iucr` dc j` lra`knz`mnk y, ` su vcz, nktcrprct`

y d` rcspucst` ` jls quc sc rcmnhck dcsdc iucr`.

Eurncj y Xlt`9

mljlm`k `j mleuknm`dlr nkstntumnlk`j mleluk` pcrslk` lhgctnv`, m`p`z dc `prcmn`r j` rc`jnd`d t`j mu`jcs, mlk j` ecklr p`rmn`jnd`d plsnhjc. Dchcr scr tèhnkuk` pcrslk` ceptnm`, m`p`z dc mljlm`rsc ck cj jua`r dcjltrl y cktckdcr y rcspct`r su puktl dc vnst`. Dchcr plsccrj` m`p`mnd`d dc nkilre`rsc, l sc`, dc rcmurrnr ` j`s iucktcsdc nkilre`mnlkcs ilre`jcs c nkilre`jcs p`r` mlrrlhlr`r susd`tls y iukdèckt`r snceprc su `mtu`mnk. Dchcr tèhnk

9 Eurncj, E`r` Juns` y Xlt`, Anjd`. Mleuknm`mnk nkstntumnlk`j7 ckilquc slmn`j dc j`s rcj`mnlkcsfue`k`s. Puntl7 Cdntlr` @kdnk`. 0>62.


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82



tckcr uk` ar`k m`p`mnd`d dc rcijcxnk mrtnm` quc jl jjcvc` mucstnlk`r csquce`s, ` mlkirlkt`rjls mlk j` rc`jnd`d y `rcpj`ktc`rjls sn rcsujt` kcmcs`rnl. @uk`dl ` cjjl, dchcr scruk` pcrslk` mrc`tnv`, m`p`z dc nkklv`r y, euy p`rtnmuj`recktc,

mlk m`p`mnd`d dc mleuknm`rsc, dc nktcrmèhn`r y dc mlep`rtnrmlk jls dces ndc`s y scktnencktls.

Ck lm`snlkcs sc f`hj` dc rcsplks`hjc dc prcks`, jl quc klcs snkknel dc rcsplks`hjc dc mleuknm`mnk. Cstc trenkl`judc ` j` mlkmcpmnk quc cktnckdc quc j` mleuknm`mnk dcuk` lra`knz`mnk mlk cj cxtcrnlr mlksnstc knmècktc ck cjmlkt`mtl mlk jls ecdnls dc mleuknm`mnk. ]nk ceh`ral, cj

trenkl rcsplks`hjc dc mleuknm`mnk suancrc uk` vnsnkes epjn`, quc cktnckdc j` mleuknm`mnk dc uk` lra`knz`mnkmlel `jal ajlh`j y cstr`tanml.

Xcmleckd`mnlkcs tnjcs ` j` flr` dc rcd`mt`r uk tcxtl1

Mj`rnd`d7 jlar`r uk` huck` mleprcksnk y quc st` scìmnj dc jccr. Xcspct`r jls snakls dc puktu`mnk. ]c suancrc

cvnt`r cj usl dc eldnsels, `hrcvn`tur`s y snaj`s. R`r`cst` jtne`, sc dchc eckmnlk`r prnecrècktc cj klehrcmlepjctl y plstcrnlrecktc cktrc p`rktcsns nkmjunr j` snaj`.

Rrcmnsnk7 utnjnz`r j`s p`j`hr`s y cxprcsnlkcs `dcmu`d`s`j prlpsntl quc sc quncrc d`r. Stnjnz`r snkknels. Cvnt`rèhnacd`dcs y rcdukd`kmn`s ck cj mlktckndl. Jlstcmknmnsels dchck cepjc`rsc mu`kdl cj m`sl jl rcquncr`.

]ckmnjjcz7 utnjnz`mnk dc p`j`hr`s y ir`scs imnjcs dc

mleprckdcr. Cvnt`r jl rchusm`dl l rnehleh`ktc. Mlkmnsnk7utnjnz`mnk dc sljl `qucjj`s p`j`hr`s y ir`scs

quc sc`k `hsljutècktc kcmcs`rn`s p`r` cxprcs`r jl qucsc dcsc`. Cvnt`r rcdukd`kmn` dc j` nkilre`mnk. Xcvns`r ymlrrcanr cj csmrntl, suprnenckdl trenkls nkkcmcs`rnls.

Lrnank`jnd`d7 cxprcs`r ndc`s ackunk`s y mlkmchnd`s. Cvnt`rir`scs fcmf`s. Ndc`r hnck jl quc sc quncrc mleuknm`r,cstrumtur`kdl janmècktc jls ckukmn`dls.

1 Jck, Hcrtf`. Cstr`tcan`s p`r` cj dcs`rrljjl dc j` mleuknm`mnk prlicsnlk`j. Cdntlrn`j Jneus`,8228.


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80

Cicmtnv`ecktc, cj mleuknm`dlr nkstntumnlk`j dchcr scr cjrcsplks`hjc dcj muepjnencktl y scaunencktl dc jls lhgctnvls

mleuknm`tnvls, dcj pj`k dc mleuknm`mnk, s mlel p`rtmnpc

dc j` dcinknmnk dc j` mujtur` lra`knz`tnv`.

Dcktrl dc j`s t`rc`s quc pucdc dcs`rrljj`r sc pucdckeckmnlk`r7 cj e`kcgl nktcrkl dc j` mleuknm`mnk?

j` cj`hlr`mnk dc puhjnm`mnlkcs y e`tcrn`jcs?

j` lrnckt`mnk ` jls plrt`vlmcs dc j` nkstntumnk?

j` cj`hlr`mnk y dniusnk dc a`mctnjj`s y klt`s dc prcks`?

cj e`kcgl dcj sntnl wch nkstntumnlk`j?

cj `plyl ` j` dcinknmnk dc ecks`gcs y mleuknm`dlsnkstntumnlk`jcs?

c nkmjusl `suenr j` t`rc` dc vlmcrl sn sc mlksndcr`pcrtnkcktc.

J` vlmcr` dc mleuknm`mnk cs j` t`rc` ckm`ra`d` ` j`

pcrslk` quc scr cj censlr dc jls ecks`gcs nkstntumnlk`jcs,

cs qunck dchc f`hj`r ck klehrc dc j` lra`knz`mnk. J`cjcmmnk dc j` pcrslk` quc `sue` cst` rcsplks`hnjnd`d cs

t`k neplrt`ktc mlel j` dcinknmnk dcj mlktckndl dcj ecks`gc,

y` quc cj vlmcrl tckdr uk` cxplsnmnk phjnm`. ]c pucdcpcks`r ck tckcr es dc uk vlmcrl, pcrl cs neplrt`ktc scaur`rquc cst`s pcrslk`s tcka`k dnsplknhnjnd`d ck tncepl rc`j p`r`rcsplkdcr ` j`s dce`kd`s dc j` prcks`, quc tcka`k `mmcsl` j`s nkilre`mnlkcs kcmcs`rn`s p`r` d`r d`tls lplrtukls y

rcjcv`ktcs y quc cstk mlepckctr`dls mlk j` injlsli` y pcrinjnkstntumnlk`j.


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88



1J@ MLESKNM@MNKNKTCXK@

J` mleuknm`mnk nktcrk` pcrentc ` jls encehrls dc j`

lra`knz`mnk nktcrrcj`mnlk`rsc y tr`ksentnr nkilre`mnkmlkcj lhgctnvl dc jlar`r cj ink prlpucstl y ecglr`r j` mlfcsnk y j`srcj`mnlkcs cktrc sus encehrls. Cj huck mjne` lra`knz`mnlk`jcs vnt`j p`r` cj huck iukmnlkèncktl dc j` ense`. R`r` cjjl scprcmns` plkcr ck mlek, ck jl nktcrkl, cj mlklmnencktl qucackcr` j` `mtnvnd`d mltndn`k` dc j` lra`knz`mnk.

J` mleuknm`mnk nktcrk`, `dces, suplkc uk nkstruecktlquc dchndècktc utnjnz`dl pcrentc ` tldls jls encehrlsùeckt`r j` s`tnsi`mmnk ck rcj`mnk j tr`h`gl dcscepc`dl lj` snepjc pcrmcpmnk dc j` lra`knz`mnk, quc sneujtkcècktcmlktrnhuyc ` prlplrmnlk`r uk` ndcktnd`d m`r`mtcrstnm`.

Cj dcsìl dc jlar`r uk` huck` mleuknm`mnk

nktcrk` nepjnm`7

rcmlklmcr su neplrt`kmn` pcrentnckdl dcs`rrljj`r uk ecglriukmnlkèncktl ck tld`s j`s rc`s dc j` lra`knz`mnk?

cktckdcr j`s fcrrènckt`s dc mleuknm`mnk nktcrk` ysu `pjnm`mnk ` j`s mnrmukst`kmn`s, `d`pt`kdl st`s ` j`rc`jnd`d dc j` lra`knz`mnk?

`denknstr`r jls mlkijnmtls quc surg`k ck j` lra`knz`mnk dcuk` e`kcr` pljtnm` y mj`r`?

tckcr m`p`mnd`d dc snak`r rcmursls p`r` j` nepjceckt`mnkdc j` mleuknm`mnk nktcrk` mlel uk tce` cstr`tanml.


23/44

E`ku`jdc

mleuknm`mnk


8=

J` acstnk dc j` mleuknm`mnk nktcrk` cs iucrtcecktc

dctcrenk`d` plr j` mujtur` dc j` lra`knz`mnky tld` cstr`tcan`dc mleuknm`mnk dchc tle`r mlel puktl dc p`rtnd` cstccjcecktl. M`d` lra`knz`mnk tnckc su janm` mujtur`j p`rtnmuj`r

y cst` mujtur` jlm`j, jcgls dc scr uk lhstmujl, cs cj mlktcxtlmj`vc p`r` cj dcs`rrljjl dc j` vn`hnjnd`d y j` pcrspcmtnv` dcmu`jquncr `mmnk mleuknm`tnv` nktcrkècktc.

@jaukls puktls rcs`jt`ktcs slhrc j`mleuknm`mnk nktcrk`67

uk` lra`knz`mnk quc sljl acstnlk` j` mleuknm`mnk nktcrk`

sc mlkvncrtc ck uk arupl mcrr`dl? ck lm`snlkcs j` mleuknm`mnk nkilre`j cs eumfl es

cinm`z p`r` rcsljvcr prlhjce`s quc j` quc sc prldumc `tr`vs dc m`k`jcs ilre`jcs?

uk` rcj`mnk nkilre`j mlk jls nktcar`ktcs dc j` lra`knz`mnk`yud`r ` quc j` nkilre`mnk tr`ksentnd` plr jls m`k`jcsilre`jcs rcsujtc cicmtnv`?

j` mleuknm`mnk `smckdcktc hnck acstnlk`d` tnckc j`vckt`g` dcj dcs`flal dc jls nktcar`ktcs dc j` lra`knz`mnk`j mlep`rtnr mlk sus supcrnlrcs jls prlhjce`s?

ck j` mleuknm`mnk `smckdcktc f`y uk` tckdckmn` ` qucjls ecks`gcs es dcsi`vlr`hjcs kl sc tr`ksent`k, jl qucackcr` mlk ircmuckmn` uk dcsmlklmnencktl plr p`rtc dcjls dnrnacktcs dc j` lra`knz`mnk dc j`s mucstnlkcs esmlkijnmtnv`s?

sn j` mleuknm`mnk ilre`j cs kuj`, j` cstrumtur` nkilre`jmuhrnr csc csp`mnl rpndècktc mlk ruelrcs, mleuknm`mnknkdnrcmt` c, nkmjusl, dcsnkilre`mnk. Cj ruelr cs uk tnpl dcmleuknm`mnk quc tr`ksentc uk` nkilre`mnk muy` iucktccs ackcr`jecktc dcsmlklmnd` y muy` vcr`mnd`d plr ckdccs dnimnj dc mlktr`st`r. ]ucjc nr ukndl ` j` ùsckmn` dcnkilre`mnk linmn`j.

6 Lka`jjl, M`rjls. Au` p`r` acstnlk`r cj mlklmnencktl, j` nkilre`mnk y j`s rcj`mnlkcs fue`k`s ckceprcs`s y lra`knz`mnlkcs. Dyonkslk, 8221.


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J` mleuknm`mnk cs tnj p`r` j` lra`knz`mnk ck j` ecdnd`

ck quc s`tnsi`mc ` j`s pcrslk`s y a`r`ktnz` uk eknel dc

mlfcsnk cktrc cjj`s. Cs neplrt`ktc dcs`rrljj`r uk pj`k dcmleuknm`mnk nktcrk` quc mlktcka` mj`rècktc `mmnlkcs dc

dcs`rrljjl dc m`d` uk` dc j`s fcrrènckt`s quc j` lra`knz`mnkdcmnd` plkcr ck prmtnm`.

]uacrckmn`s p`r` quc cj rcsplks`hjc dc

mleuknm`mnk pucd` dcs`rrljj`r j` mleuknm`mnk

nktcrk`

Dcinknr jls ecks`gcs quc f`y quc tr`ksentnr ` tld` j`

lra`knz`mnk, `s mlel mrc`r j`s cstrumtur`s lraknm`skcmcs`rn`s p`r` plkcr ck e`rmf` j` cstr`tcan` dcmleuknm`mnk dcinknd`.

Xc`jnz`r uk` mlksujt` dc mleuknm`mnk nktcrk` y, dc scrplsnhjc, uk dlmuecktl dc plsnmnlkèncktl ck rcj`mnk` j` mleuknm`mnk. Cstl pcrentnr mlklmcr cj cst`dl dclpnknk dc j` lra`knz`mnk, cj mjne` j`hlr`j, jls tce`s slhrcjls quc sc dce`kd` nkilre`mnk, jls v`jlrcs y ecks`gcsquc mnrmuj`k ck j` lra`knz`mnk, j` rcmcptnvnd`d dc jls`slmn`dls, mlj`hlr`dlrcs, phjnml cxtcrkl, `s mlel j`siucktcs dc nkilre`mnk y su mrcdnhnjnd`d.

E`ktckcr mlkt`mtl ircmucktc mlk tld`s j`s rc`s dc j`lra`knz`mnk.

Xcmlpnj`r j` nkilre`mnk kcmcs`rn` quc pucd` nktcrcs`r yscr dc utnjnd`d dc jls mlep`crls, y tr`ksentnrj` (cgcepjl7

hljctnkcs nktcrkls ` tr`vs dc e`njnka). E`kcg`r y mund`r j` mleuknm`mnk nktcrpcrslk`j, plr

csmrntl, tcjilkl, e`nj.


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83

Rrnkmnp`jcs fcrrènckt`sdc j` mleuknm`mnk nktcrk`

J`s fcrrènckt`s dc mleuknm`mnk `yud`k ` ecglr`r cj mjne`

j`hlr`j y i`mnjnt`k cj ijugl dc nkilre`mnk y mleuknm`mnk. Cst`sfcrrènckt`s dchck scr mlksndcr`d`s y utnjnz`d`s dc `mucrdl` j`s kcmcsnd`dcs mleuknm`tnv`s dc j` lra`knz`mnk.

@jauk`s ilre`s dc mleuknm`mnk

Hljctnkcs nktcrkls7 pucdck scr neprcsls l dnant`jcs.Mlktnckck nkilre`mnk quc sc dcsc` mnrmuj`r cktrc jls

mlj`hlr`dlrcs nktcrkls dc j` lra`knz`mnk, ùkquc tèhnkpucdc scr dniukdndl `j phjnml cxtcrkl. ]c pucdck nkmjunr`spcmtls ilre`jcs (rcplrtc l `kukmnl dc `mtnvnd`dcs,mleuknm`dls nkstntumnlk`jcs, ctm., mlel `spcmtls esnkilre`jcs (muepjc`ls, cvcktls slmn`jcs, ctm.). Csrcmleckd`hjc su usl prnkmnp`jecktc ck lra`knz`mnlkcsar`kdcs p`r` `scaur`r j` tr`ksensnk dc nkilre`mnk `tldls sus encehrls.

E`ku`jcs nktcrkls7 slk au`s snstce`tnz`d`s dcprlmcdnencktls nkstntumnlk`jcs quc rckck j` nkilre`mnktmknm`, lra`knz`tnv`, fnstrnm`, ctm. ]lk es ilre`jcs ydchck mlktckcr j`s pljtnm`s y klre`tnv`s dc iukmnlkèncktldc j` lra`knz`mnk. Dchck prcvcrsc cstr`tcan`s quc pcrent`k`scaur`r su mlklmnencktl y `prlpn`mnk dc p`rtc dc jlsmlj`hlr`dlrcs.

Mnrmuj`rcs, ecels, mleuknm`dls7mlktnckck nkilre`mnkcspcminm` dc `jauk` dcmnsnk, rcsljumnk l plstur`nkstntumnlk`j. Rucdck scr mljcmtnvls (dnrnandls ` tldls jlsmlj`hlr`dlrcs l ` uk arupl p`rtnmuj`r) l pcrslk`jcs.

Ecelrn` dc j` lra`knz`mnk7 sc rcmlenckd` rc`jnz`r`ku`jecktc. Dchc mlepnj`r j`s `mtnvnd`dcs, `mmnlkcs,prlycmtls, `prckdnz`gcs y rcsujt`dls `jm`kz`dls ` jl j`ral

dcj `l. ]c pucdc prcsckt`r ck ilre`tl dnant`j l neprcsl.


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]ucjc scr tèhnk uk` neplrt`ktc fcrrènckt` dcmleuknm`mnk cxtcrk` quc i`vlrcmc j` tr`ksp`rckmn` dc jàcstnk nkstntumnlk`j.

Mlrrcl cjcmtrknml / nktr`kct7 `mtu`jecktc sc jl

mlksndcr` mlel uk` neplrt`ktc y prmtnm` fcrrènckt` dcmleuknm`mnk nktcrk`. ]nk ceh`ral, f`y quc `scaur`r cjcst`hjcmnencktl dc ecm`knsels dc utnjnz`mnk dc j` ense`,dc t`j e`kcr` mcrmnlr`rsc dc quc tld`s j`s pcrslk`s scp`kmel utnjnz`rj` p`r` j` acstnk nktcrk` dc j` mleuknm`mnk. Csiukdèckt`j quc tldls jls mlj`hlr`dlrcs y mlj`hlr`dlr`sdc j` lra`knz`mnk tcka`k `mmcsl ` uk` muckt` dc mlrrcl y` nktcrkct p`r` quc j` ense` sc` mlksndcr`d` uk` lpmnk

vjnd` dc mleuknm`mnk nktcrk`.

Eur`j dc `kukmnls7 cs uk` cstr`tcan` sckmnjj` dcmleuknm`mnk nktcrk`. Cj eur`j dchc cst`r ck uk jua`rvnsnhjc plr tldls (cj mlecdlr, j` s`j` dc rcuknlkcs, j`cktr`d`). Rucdc utnjnz`rsc t`ktl p`r` j` mleuknm`mnkilre`j (`kukmnls, mleuknm`dls, `vnsls) mlel p`r` j`nkilre`j (iltls, muepjc`ls). Dchc ing`rsc uk` pcrnldnmnd`d

y rcsplks`hjc p`r` su `mtu`jnz`mnk. ]lkdcls dc lpnknk7 pcrentc rcmlacr lpnknlkcs,

scktnencktls, cst`dls dc knel, nkqunctudcs dc j`s y jlsmlj`hlr`dlrcs. Cst` fcrrènckt` pucdc utnjnz`rsc `ktcmlyuktur`s p`rtnmuj`rcs ck j`s quc sc mlksndcr` neplrt`ktcmlklmcr j` pcrmcpmnk dcj phjnml nktcrkl. Cs neplrt`ktcnkilre`r `dcmu`dècktc slhrc jls lhgctnvls y inkcsdcj slkdcl y dniukdnr plstcrnlrecktc jls rcsujt`dls dcjensel.

Xcuknlkcs7sc pucdck rc`jnz`r plr cqunpl dc tr`h`gl, plrdcp`rtècktl l rc` l àjutnk`kdl ` tld` j` lra`knz`mnk.Cs neplrt`ktc cst`hjcmcr j` pcrnldnmnd`d dc j`s ense`s ytckcr uk` àckd` dcinknd` quc pcrent` lra`knz`rj`s ecglry lptnenz`r cj tncepl. ]lk neplrt`ktcs p`r` pj`kninm`r`mtnvnd`dcs, mlep`rtnr prlmcsls y rc`jnz`r cv`ju`mnlkcs.

]ucjc scr tèhnk uk` huck` cstr`tcan` p`r` mlep`rtnr


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81

j`s cxpcrnckmn`s dc j`s dnstnkt`s nknmn`tnv`s dc uk`lra`knz`mnk.

Glrk`d`s dc m`p`mnt`mnk7sc rc`jnz`k mlk cj ink cspcminmldc tr`ksentnr mlklmnencktl l dcs`rrljj`r m`p`mnd`dcs ck

rcj`mnk ` `jauk` tcetnm` ck p`rtnmuj`r. Cs neplrt`ktc qucj`s ense`s cstk pj`kninm`d`s y prcp`r`d`s dc t`j ilre`quc sc`k prlvcmfls`s y kl uk` prdnd` dc tncepl. ]cpucdck utnjnz`r cjcecktls dc `plyl mlel prcsckt`mnlkcs,dnkenm`s, e`tcrn`jcs.

Ckmucktrls nkilre`jcs7 slk csp`mnls quc i`vlrcmckj` mlfcsnk y cj huck rcj`mnlkèncktl nkstntumnlk`j. @j

nau`j quc j`s rcuknlkcs ilre`jcs, dchck scr pj`kninm`d`sy prlarè`d`s p`r` quc kl sc dnjuy`k y sc pncrd`k. Klsc dchck suhcstne`r cstls csp`mnls, quc mlkstntuyckuk` cstr`tcan` iukdèckt`j p`r` ilrt`jcmcr j` ndcktnd`dnkstntumnlk`j y slk uk cjcecktl mj`vc dc su mujtur`.


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6J@ MLESKNM@MNKCVTCXK@

J` mleuknm`mnk i`mnjnt` j` mlkstrummnk dc j` neàck quc

j` lra`knz`mnk dcsc` quc dc cjj` tcka`k sus phjnmls>.

Eumf`s lra`knz`mnlkcs slmn`jcs qunzs kl sc pj`ktc`k j`plsnhnjnd`d dc d`r ` mlklmcr j`s `mmnlkcs quc rc`jnz`k, y` sc`plrquc kl muckt`k mlk jls rcmursls kcmcs`rnls p`r` f`mcrjl,plrquc kl slk mlksmncktcs dc jl cstr`tanml dc cst` acstnk, lsnepjcecktc plrquc dcsmlklmck mujcs slk jls nkstruecktlses `ptls p`r` mleuknm`r cj tr`h`gl quc dcscepc`k.

Cs ircmucktc csmumf`r dcsdc j`s lra`knz`mnlkcs quc mlk sljldcs`rrljj`r su acstnk slmn`j y` cstk muepjnckdl su ensnk.]nk ceh`ral, dcsdc j` janm` dc j` mleuknm`mnk p`r` cjdcs`rrljjl, t`j mlel sc fnzl rcicrckmn` ck j`s pank`s nknmn`jcs

dc cstc e`ku`j, cs p`rtc dc j` rcsplks`hnjnd`d slmn`j dc

qunckcs tr`h`g`k ck tce`s dc dcs`rrljjl mrc`r mlkmnckmn`,

nkilre`r y scksnhnjnz`r ck tlrkl `j tce` quc tr`h`g`k y quc

quncrck plsnmnlk`r ck j` àckd` phjnm`. Dcinkntnvècktc,

qunck kl mleuknm` kl cst cgcrmnckdl uk` t`rc` slmn`j

mlepjct`.

Rlr ltr` p`rtc, f`y quc mlksndcr`r quc eumf`s vcmcs j`mleuknd`d dcsmlklmc j`s `mmnlkcs dcs`rrljj`d`s plr j`slra`knz`mnlkcs, plr jl quc kl mleuknm`r ck cstls m`sls cscstr`tanmècktc crrkcl. J` `mtnvnd`d p`rtnmnp`tnv` dc j`mnud`d`k` dchc `jneckt`rsc dc cstc nktcrmèhnl.

> Icrkkdcz Jpcz, ]cranl. Mlel acstnlk`r j` mleuknm`mnk. Cdnmnlkcs K`rmc`. 8221.


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8>

Sk` lra`knz`mnk quc tr`h`g` plr cj dcs`rrljjl,

dchc nkilre`r y mleuknm`r slhrc su ndcktnd`d, sus

`mtnvnd`dcs y, iukdèckt`jecktc, scksnhnjnz`r slhrc

j` rc`jnd`d slmn`j mlk j` quc j` quc jc tlm` tr`h`g`r.

J` mleuknm`mnk pucdc ecglr`r j` acstnk dc j`lra`knz`mnk ar`mn`s ` fcrrènckt`s quc i`mnjntck

cj nktcrmèhnl dc lpnknlkcs y dc nkilre`mnk

y i`mnjnt`r j` mlkstrummnk dc j` neàck quc j`

lra`knz`mnk dcsc` quc dc cjj` tcka`k sus phjnmls.

Sk `spcmtl iukdèckt`j ` mlksndcr`r cs quc j` mleuknm`mnkcxtcrk` l j` mleuknm`mnk pucrt`s p`r` iucr` dc j` nkstntumnkkl cs snkknel kn dchc jnent`rsc cxmjusnvècktc ` jls ecdnlsdc mleuknm`mnk.

Dcinkntnvècktc, jls ecdnls dc mleuknm`mnk t`ktl jlse`snvls mlel jls jlm`jcs y jls jtcrk`tnvls slk uk` jtcrk`tnv`neplrt`ktc y dc ar`k pltckmn`jnd`d ` j` flr` dc dcinknr j`scstr`tcan`s dc prcsckt`mnk y cxplsnmnk dc j` lra`knz`mnk`ktc jls dnicrcktcs phjnmls.

]nk ceh`ral, ltr`s lpmnlkcs dchck scr mlksndcr`d`s`tckdnckdl su pcrtnkckmn` y cicmtnvnd`d p`r` m`d` sntu`mnk.Ck cstc scktndl, sc pucdck mnt`r7

t`jjcrcs, rcuknlkcs, dch`tcs, ecs`s dc tr`h`gl u ltrl tnpldc ckmucktrls dc m`p`mnt`mnk, scksnhnjnz`mnk, nkilre`mnkl tr`h`gl mlk dctcrenk`dls phjnmls?

cj`hlr`mnk dc e`tcrn`jcs y su mlkscmucktc dnstrnhumnk lmljlm`mnk ck puktls cstr`tanmls dc j` mleuknd`d?

pank`s wch, ilrls l plrt`jcs wch, mlk nkilre`mnk dc j`nkstntumnk y sus nknmn`tnv`s?

mlrrcls cjcmtrknmls l hljctnkcs cjcmtrknmls quc mlk mncrt`pcrnldnmnd`d pucdck lircmcr nkilre`mnk dc j` lra`knz`mnky/l sus nknmn`tnv`s?


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mèp``s dc dniusnk y scksnhnjnz`mnk, quc pucdck nkmjunrcstr`tcan`s dc dniusnk dc splts y e`tcrn`jcs ck ecdnlse`snvls y jlm`jcs? ckmucktrls mleuknt`rnls, dnstrnhumnkdc e`tcrn`jcs ` jls phjnmls cstr`tanmls, cktrc ltr`s?

mu`jquncr ltr` cstr`tcan` l ecdnl quc kls pcrent` jjca`rlplrtukècktc ` uk kecrl dctcrenk`dl dc pcrslk`s mlkcj ecks`gc quc qucrcels tr`ksentnr.

Cs neplrt`ktc mlksndcr`r quc cj prnkmnp`j rncsal dc mleuknm`r` tr`vs dc jls ecdnls r`dnm` quc, ck jtnel trenkl, slkjls pcrnldnst`s qunckcs scjcmmnlk`k jls ecks`gcs quc v`k `mlkstntunr cj e`tcrn`j nkilre`tnvl, mlk plsnhnjnd`dcs dc quc

pucd`k f`hcr e`j`s nktcrprct`mnlkcs l dnstlrsnlkcs dc jlsecks`gcs quc qucrcels tr`ksentnr. Cst` cs ltr` r`zk es plrj` quc j` mleuknm`mnk dc uk` lra`knz`mnk kl pucdc h`s`rscsjl ck j`s `p`rnmnlkcs ck jls ecdnls dc mleuknm`mnk.

J` neplrt`kmn` dc rcj`mnlk`rscmlk jls ecdnls dc mleuknm`mnk

R`r` cst`hjcmcr uk rcj`mnlkèncktl mlk jls ecdnls dc

mleuknm`mnk cs neplrt`ktc mlklmcr ekneècktc j`

cstrumtur` y iukmnlkèncktl dc jls ensels, y` quc tnckckuk` dnkenm` y e`kcgl dcj tncepl euy dnicrcktcs ` jls dc j`slra`knz`mnlkcs.

Jls ecdnls dc mleuknm`mnk slk jls quc e`rm`k j` àckd`

` knvcj slmn`j, dctcrenk`kdl jl quc cs rcjcv`ktc l kl ckj` dnsmusnk phjnm`. Ck cstc scktndl, cxnstc uk` cstrcmf`rcj`mnk cktrc j` àckd` y dch`tc phjnml y jls tce`s tr`t`dlsck jls ecdnls dc mleuknm`mnk7 jl quc kl cst ck ecdnls,kl cxnstc.

Rlr ltr` p`rtc,cj tr`h`gl y cxpcrnckmn` dc j` @ackmn` Ajlh`jdc Kltnmn`s f` pcrentndl lhscrv`r quc jls pcrnldnst`s

muhrck mlk e`ylr ircmuckmn` y m`jnd`d qucjjl quc mlklmcky cktnckdck mlel neplrt`ktc y dc nep`mtl slmn`j, y quc j`


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=0

t`rc` sc lptnenz` mu`kdl rcmnhck nkilre`mnk pcrtnkcktc,

mj`r`, dc nktcrs pcrnldstnml y mlk rcicrckmn` dc iucktcs dc

nkilre`mnk ` qunck mlksujt`r.

Rlr tldl jl `ktcdnmfl, nkijunr ck j` àckd` ecdntnm`plsnmnlk`kdl uk tce` dc nktcrs dc j` lra`knz`mnk cs ukdcsìl prnelrdn`j p`r` cj rcsplks`hjc dc j` mleuknm`mnk.

J`s `mmnlkcs dc mleuknm`mnk mlk jls ecdnls slk es

cicmtnv`s sn sc h`s`k ck uk huck rcj`mnlkèncktl y ck

uk` rcj`mnk dc mlkin`kz`. Sk` vnsnt` nknmn`j ` j`s s`j`s dc

rcd`mmnk p`r` prcsckt`rsc, prcsckt`r j` lra`knz`mnk y

plkcrsc dnsplsnmnk pucdc scr uk` cstr`tcan` dcmu`d` ckcstc scktndl. J` neplrt`kmn` dc dcs`rrljj`r huck`s rcj`mnlkcsmlk jls ecdnls dcsdc j`s lra`knz`mnlkcs kl sljl r`dnm` cknkmrceckt`r su prcsckmn` ck jls ensels, snkl tèhnk ckcj mund`dl dc j` nkilre`mnk quc dcsc` f`mcr jjca`r ` susdnicrcktcs phjnmls.

Rlr qu f`hj`r mlk jls ecdnlsNKTCXKCT MLELECDNL DCMLESKNM@MNK

]LMN@J

J`s kucv`s tcmkljla`s dc j` nkilre`mnk y mleuknm`mnkvnsjuehr`k uk` `d`pt`mnk ` kucv`s fcrrènckt`s dcmleuknm`mnk, quc fly ck d` lircmc nktcrkct mlk j` dcklenk`d`wch 8.2.

Ck cstc scktndl, cst`r prcscktc ck nktcrkct y` kl sljl sch`s` ck tckcr uk sntnl wch csttnml snkl, `dces, mlklmcr

y s`hcr utnjnz`r j`s nktcrcs`ktcs `pjnm`mnlkcs quc j` wch

lircmc mlel fcrrènckt` dc mleuknm`mnk. Rlr jl t`ktl,mlksndcr`r dlpt`rj`s mlel cstr`tcan` dc mleuknm`mnk pucdcscr hckcinmnlsl p`r` jjca`r ` jls dnstnktls phjnmls ` jls quc`pukt` j` lra`knz`mnk.

J` wch cs uk csp`mnl quc sc mlksljnd` p`r` cst`hjcmcr

rcj`mnlkcs y dcsdc cst` dnkenm` ackcr`r nktcr`mmnlkcs

slmn`jcs? cs dcmnr, sc d` uk` rctrl`jneckt`mnk pcre`kcktc

quc rcsujt` j` prnkmnp`j vckt`g` dc cst` mleuknm`mnk lk jnkc.Cst`s fcrrènckt`s dc rcj`mnlkèncktl pcrentck cst`hjcmcrj`zls es mcrm`kls cktrc j` lra`knz`mnk y sus phjnmls, snckdlukl dc jls ar`kdcs hckcinmnls quc mlkmcdc j` nktcr`mtnvnd`d.@snensel, sc dcst`m` plr j` nkecdn`tcz dc rcspucst` y, ckmlkscmuckmn`, mlk j` `mtu`jnz`mnk dc jls mlktckndls quc

j` lra`knz`mnk dcsc` mlep`rtnr ck j` wch.Kl lhst`ktc, csneplrt`ktc mlksndcr`r jls rncsals quc mlkjjcv` cj usl kl scaurl

dc cst` fcrrènckt`, p`r` jl mu`j tèhnk cs iukdèckt`j cjmlklmnencktl dc j` ense` dc e`kcr` nktcar`j.


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=>

J`s fcrrènckt`s l `pjnm`mnlkcs p`r` dcs`rrljj`r cstc tnpldc mleuknm`mnk slk dnvcrs`s y su usl dcpckdc dc m`d`prlpsntl quc j` lra`knz`mnk dcmnd` rc`jnz`r mlk cjj`s. R`r`

cstl cs kcmcs`rnl mleprckdcr cj iukmnlkèncktl dc j` wchp`r` prlvcmf`r tld`s j`s pjnm`mnlkcs quc pcrentck slmn`jnz`r,mrc`r y mlep`rtnr mlktckndls y scrvnmnls.

J`s pjnm`mnlkcs suacrnd`s es h`gl pucdck utnjnz`rsc

ckj`z`d`s mlk cj sntnl wch dc j` lra`knz`mnk. ]c suancrc

quc cj dnscl sc` èna`hjc y dc imnj k`vca`hnjnd`d,

y quc cj mlktckndl cst mlkst`ktcecktc `mtu`jnz`dl

mlk tld` nkilre`mnk rcjcv`ktc ` j` lra`knz`mnk.Tèhnk cs neplrt`ktc nkmjunr jls ckj`mcs dc sntnls

dc lra`knz`mnlkcs `jn`d`s, àckmn`s dc mllpcr`mnk,

ùspnmn`ktcs, cktrc ltr`s.

@jauk`s dc cst`s `pjnm`mnlkcs quc pucdck iukmnlk`rck snktlk` mlk cj sntnl wch dc j` lra`knz`mnk slk7 j`s

hntmlr`s l hjlas(cg.7 Hjlaacr,QlrdRrcss, ctm.), rcdcsslmn`jcs(cg.7 I`mchllo, Twnttcr, JnkocdNk, Dnaa, ctm.), sntnlsdc `je`mckèncktl dc vndcls y iltlarì`s(cg.7 ^lutuhc,Ynecl, Ijnmor, ctm.), vndclhjla, cj àrca`dlr dc kltnmn`s,quc mlksnstc ck uk tnpl dc slitw`rc (cg.7 X]], @tle,ctm.) quc pcrentc j` suhsmrnpmnk ` iucktcs dc kltnmn`s` uk sntnl dcsc`dl y quc nkilre` ùtletnmècktc j`sklvcd`dcs nkmlrplr`d`s ck dnmf` wch suhsmrnpt` (p`r`

`mmcdcr ` j`s `pjnm`mnlkcs cgcepjninm`d`s cs kcmcs`rnlrcanstr`rsc y mrc`r uk pcrinj, prcicrnhjcecktc dc m`rmtcrnkstntumnlk`j).

Cjhjlacs j` puhjnm`mnk dc tcxtls quc pcrentc uk` mtu`jnz`mnkmlkst`ktc, f`mcr rcmlpnj`mnlkcs mrlkljanmècktc y utnjnz`rmlel sntnl dc kltnmn`s. Jls cjcecktls m`r`mtcrstnmls slk7ckj`mcsdc uk` klt`mnk(dc uk` iucktc mlksujt`d`, rmfnvl ktcrnlr ljnst` dc ckj`mcs ` ltrls hjlas scjcmmnlk`dls l rcmleckd`dls


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42



plr jls ùtlrcs)? jls jcmtlrcs pucdck rc`jnz`r mleckt`rnls y cjùtlr pucdc d`rjcs rcspucst` pudnkdlsc ackcr`r uk dch`tc`jrcdcdlr dc sus mlktckndls (j` lpmnk dc f`hnjnt`r mleckt`rnlsdcpckdc dc m`d` ùtlr)? mlktnckc iltlarì`s l vndcls quc slk

`jlg`dls ck sntnls dc `je`mckèncktl dc vndcls y iltlarì`s?y j` rcdniusnk dcj hjla ` tr`vs dc j` suhsmrnmnk dc jcmtlrcs `tr`vs dc jls àrca`dlrcs dc kltnmn`s.

J`s rcdcs slmn`jcs slk csp`mnls dc nktcr`mmnk slmn`j ck cj qucsc d` uk nktcrmèhnl dnkenml cktrc pcrslk`s y arupls. J`sfcrrènckt`s `plrt`k ck ackcr`j7 j` `mtu`jnz`mnk ùtletnm`dc j` jnhrct` dc dnrcmmnlkcs, j` mrc`mnk dc pcrinjcs vnsnhjcs,

j` m`p`mnd`d dc mrc`r kucvls ckj`mcs ecdn`ktc scrvnmnlsdc prcsckt`mnk y ltr`s e`kcr`s dc mlkcxnk slmn`j jkc` y,jl es rcjcv`ktc, j` plsnhnjnd`d dc rc`jnz`r puhjnmnd`d. Cstlscsp`mnls tèhnk pucdck scr e`kcg`dls mlel jls dc uk hjla.Ck sktcsns, pucdck scr `prlvcmf`d`s p`r` d`r ` mlklmcr `j` lra`knz`mnk y mleuknm`r ecglr mlk iuturls y `mtu`jcsphjnmls.


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40

02H@]C DC D@TL]

Cs neplrt`ktc mlkt`r mlk uk` rcd dc mlkt`mtls dc

rcj`mnlkèncktl mlk jls ecdnls dc mleuknm`mnk `s mlel

tèhnk mlk ltr`s lra`knz`mnlkcs dc j` slmncd`d mnvnj y

auhcrkèckt`jcs. Cst` h`sc dc d`tls `yud`r ` uk` ecglrlra`knz`mnk y ` dcs`rrljj`r uk ecglr tr`h`gl dc mleuknm`mnk.

@jaukls puktls hsnmls p`r` rc`jnz`r uk` h`sc dc

d`tls pldr`k scr7 rcmlpnj`r nkilre`mnk ck h`sc ` uk `rmfnvl dlkdc sc

nkmjunrk d`tls dc mlkt`mtls dc ecdnls dc mleuknm`mnk,

pcrnldnst`s y ltr`s lra`knz`mnlkcs, scp`r`kdl plrm`tcalr`s. Cs rcjcv`ktc ndcktninm`r klehrcs dc pcrslk`smj`vcs ck m`d` uk` dc j`s m`tcalr`s, `s mlel jlstcjilkls, dnrcmmnk, mlrrcl cjcmtrknml l mu`jquncr ltr`v` dc mlkt`mtl?

`mtu`jnz`r j` h`sc `j eckls `ku`jecktc.

Eldcjl dc inmf` dc dnrcmtlrnl dc ecdnls

Ecdnl Rcrnldnst` rc` /]cmmnk

Tcjilkls Dnrcmmnk C-e`nj Qch /hjla

Inmf` dc dnrcmtlrnl dc L]M

Lra`knz`mnk Xcsplks`hjc rc` Tcjilkls Dnrcmmnk C-e njQch /hjla


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mleuknm`mnk


4=

Ajlh`j Nki`kmn` cs uk rc` cspcmn`jnz`d` dc j` @slmn`mnk Ajlh`j,lra`knz`mnk snk inkcs dc jumrl quc k`mc ck gujnl dc 0>>3 prlelvnckdl`mmnlkcs dc j` slmncd`d mnvnj mlktr` cj trinml dc hchs. Cst nktcar`d`plr pcrslk`s cspcmn`jnz`d`s, sljnd`rn`s y mleprlectnd`s mlk jlsdcrcmfls fue`kls dc j` kncz quc, mlk j` slmncd`d mnvnj y cj Cst`dl,ilrt`jcmc cj prltàlknsel mnud`d`kl c nkmndc ck j` jcansj`mnk y j`spljtnm`s phjnm`s. Tr`h`g` nepujs`d` plr j` mlkvnmmnk dc quc knls,kn`s y `dljcsmcktcs, vnvnckdl ck cj cgcrmnmnl pjckl dc sus dcrcmfls,mlktrnhuyck ` j` mlkstrummnk dc uk` slmncd`d gust` y dcelmrtnm`.

Dcsdc ink`jcs dcj l 822= nepujs` uk` kucv` y dcsìn`ktc nknmn`tnv`mlfcrcktc ` su ensnk7 j` @ackmn` Ajlh`j dc Kltnmn`s, iukd`dlr` yencehrl dc j` Xcd @KDN @ernm` J`tnk`. Cst` rcd cst mlkilre`d`plr 0= p`scs dc j` rcank quc rc`jnz`k uk` `mmnk cstr`tanm` ck`jn`kz` mlk pcrnldnst`s, ecdnls dc mleuknm`mnk y lra`knz`mnlkcs

dc kncz y `dljcsmckmn`, husm`kdl prlelvcr uk pcrnldnselslmn`jecktc rcsplks`hjc quc mlj`hlrc ck j` mlkstrummnk dc uk`mujtur` rcspctuls` y a`r`ktnst` dc jls dcrcmfls dc knls, kn`s y`dljcsmcktcs.

J` tr`ycmtlrn` dc j` @ackmn` Ajlh`j dc Kltnmn`s pcrentc lhscrv`rrcsujt`dls jckt`dlrcs. Mlk es dc 9 ls dc uk tr`h`gl cstr`tanml` tr`vs dcj elkntlrcl dc ecdnls, j` elvnjnz`mnk y m`p`mnt`mnk

dc pcrnldnst`s y iucktcs dc nkilre`mnk y cj rcmlklmnencktl dc 82pcrnldnst`s plr su dcst`m`d` j`hlr ck suktls quc icmt`k j` kncz yj` dljcsmckmn` -` jls quc sc sue`k ltrls y ltr`s quc k`tur`jecktc sc`mcrm`k snduècktc j` @ackmn` ck husm` dc plyl c nkilre`mnk yeltnv`dls plr jlar`r uk tr`h`gl dc e`ylr m`jnd`d- pldcels ùaur`rquc cstèls ck cj nknmnl dc uk` rcd dc pcrnldnst`s scksnhnjnz`dls ymleprlectndls, quc sc v`k mlkstntuyckdl ck `jn`dls mj`vcs ck j`jumf` plr cj muepjnencktl cicmtnvl dc jls dcrcmfls dc knls, kn`s

y `dljcsmcktcs.


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]lmnls cstr`tanmls

Encehrl dc

manual de comunicacion para organizaciones sociales - enero 2010 - gi - portalguarani

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