makalah ekologi tumbuhan kelompok 11.docx

7/25/2019 Makalah Ekologi Tumbuhan Kelompok 11.docx

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MAKALAH EKOLOGI TUMBUHAN

HUTAN HUJAN TROPIK

KELOMPOK 11

ANNAFIANNISA (E1A011005)

BAIQ VIONA SENJA L(E1A011008)

IIN AMALIA (E1A011022)

FAKULTAS KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

UNIVERSITAS MATARAM

2014

KATA PENGANTAR


2/13

Segala puji a! "#u$u% $a&i pa!ja'$a! $epaa ua! *a!g Maa E"a+ $a%e!a ,e%$a'

li&paa! %a&a'-N#a &a$ala i!i apa' $a&i "ele"ai$a! e!ga! 'epa' .a$'u/ ala& &a$ala

i!i $a&i &e&,aa" 'e!'a!g u'a! uja! %3pi"4/ Aapu! pe&,ua'a! &a$ala i!i ,e%'ujua!

u!'u$ &e&e!ui 'uga" #a!g 'e%$ai' e!ga! &a'a $ulia E$3l3gi u&,ua!/

Ka&i &e!#aa%i ,a.a &a"i "a!ga' ,a!#a$ $e$u%a!ga! #a!g &e!a"a% paa

&a$ala i!i/ Ole $a%e!a i'u $%i'i$ a! "a%a! #a!g ,e%"ia' &e&,a!gu! "a!ga' ia%ap$a!

3le pe!uli" u!'u$ $e"e&pu%!aa! ala& &a$ala i!i/ e%i&a $a"i $a&i u6ap$a!+ a! "e&3ga

&a$ala i!i ,i"a &e&,e%i$a! "u&,a!g"i p3"i'i ,agi $i'a "e&ua ,ai$ i $ala!ga! pelaja%

&aupu! u!'u$ &a"#a%a$a' lua"/

Ma'a%a&+ 10 Ju!i 2017

Pe!uli"

2


3/13

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

A/ La'a% Bela$a!g

Bu&i &e%upa$a! 'e&pa' #a!g iup ,agi "elu%u 3%ga!i"&e i!i/ i&a!a i,u&i aa

#a!g i$e!al e!ga! ,i3"e% ,u&i/ Bi3"e% ,u&i i!i aala .ila#a #a!g i'e&pa'i 3le

&alu$ iup #a!g &e!6a$up "e&ua $a.a"a! a%a'a!+ ua%a a! ai% a%i pla!e' ,u&i/

Ka.a"a! ,i3"e% 'e%le'a$ &ulai a%i 8 $& ia'a" pe%&u$aa! ,u&i+ "a&pai 8 $& i,a.a

pe%&u$aa! lau'a!/ O%ga!i"&e iup 'ia$ 'e%i"'%i,u"i "e6a%a &e%a'a ala& ,i3"e%+ a!#a

,e,e%apa "pe"ie" 3%ga!i"&e #a!g iup paa pe%&u$aa! e" a,ai i$u'u, "ela'a! &aupu!

i$u'u, u'a%a ,u&i/ Se,ali$!#a u'a! "a!ga' $a#a e!ga! $ea!e$a%aga&a! "pe"ie"/

Bi3"e% ,e"a%+ $3&ple$" a! "uli' ipelaja%i+ "ei!gga pa%a ali e$3l3gi le,i "u$a

,e$e%ja e!ga! u!i' le,i $e6il a%i ,i3"e%+ #a!g i"e,u' e!ga! e$3"i"'e&/ Se,ua e$3"i"'e&

'e%i%i a'a" ga&,a%a! i"i$ $a.a"a! 'e%'e!'u (a$'3% a,i3'i$) a! 3%ga!i"&e iup (a$'3%

,i3'i$) #a!g 'e%apa' ala& $a.a"a! 'e%"e,u'/ Fa$'3% a,i3'i$ ala& e$3"i"'e& u'a! uja!

'%3pi" 'e%i%i a'a" a$'3% a,i3'i$ "epe%'i 'a!a+ ai%+ "uu+ $ele&,a,a!+ a!gi!+ "i!a% &a'aa%i/

Sea!g$a! 'u&,ua!+ e.a!+ "epe%'i $eli!6i+ ,u%u!g+ 'i$u"+ "i!ga a! lai!-lai! aala

$3&p3!e! ,i3'i$ ala& e$3"i"'e& u'a! uja! '%3pi"/

u'a! uja! '%3pi" aala u'a! #a!g &e&ili$i $ea!e$a%aga&a! 'u&,ua! #a!g

"a!ga' 'i!ggi "e,agai&a!a #a!g iga&,a%$a! 3le e"3"3ea%&3 et al., (198:) &elalui uja!

uja! '%3pi" p%i&e% pegu!u!ga! i ;i,3a"+ #a!g &e&ili$i $e$a#aa! je!i" 'u&,ua!

,e%,u!ga a! pa$u-pa$ua! "e,a!#a$


4/13

B/ u&u"a! Ma"ala

- Bagai&a!a "aja $a%a$'e%i"'i$ u'a! uja! '%3pi$@

- Apa "aja u!g"i a%i u'a! uja! '%3pi$@

- Bagai&a!a$a! 3'3'%3 u'a! uja! '%3pi$@

;/ ujua!

- !'u$ &e!ge'aui ,agai&a!a "aja $a%a$'e%i"'i$ u'a! uja! '%3pi$

- !'u$ &e!ge'aui apa "aja u!g"i a%i u'a! uja! '%3pi$

- !'u$ &e!ge'aui ,agai&a!a 3'3'%3 u'a! uja! '%3pi$

4


5/13

BAB II

PEMBAHASAN

A/ Ka%a$'e%i"'i$ u'a! uja! %3pi"

ia%'3+ ala& e"3"3ea%&3+ u'a! uja! '%3pi" aala u'a! #a!g &e&ili$i

$ea!e$a%aga&a! 'u&,ua! #a!g "a!ga' 'i!ggi/ uja! 'au!a! &ele,ii 2 %i,u &&+ ja'u

"epa!ja!g 'au!+ u&u&!#a e!ga! "a'u ,ula! a'au le,i e!ga! pe%i3e %ela'i $e%i!g/ Suu

a! laju pe!#i!a%a! aala 'i!ggi+ a! "a!ga' $e6il aa!#a ?a%ia"i &u"i&/ Kele&,a,a! ua%a

%ela'i "epa!ja!g .a$'u 'i!ggi/ Me!u%u' I%a.a!'3 (2011) u'a! uja! '%3pi" &e%upa$a! "ala

"a'u 'ipe ?ege'a"i u'a! 'e%'ua #a!g 'ela &e!u'upi ,a!#a$ laa!/

E$3"i"'e& u'a! uja! '%3pi" 'e%,e!'u$ 3le ?ege'a"i $li&a$" paa ae%a e!ga!

6u%a uja! 2/000-11/000 && pe% 'au!+ %a'a-%a'a 'e&pe%a'u% 25C; e!ga! pe%,eaa!

'e&pe%a'u% #a!g $e6il "epa!ja!g 'au! a! %a'a-%a'a $ele&,apa! ua%a 80D/ ega$a! u'a!

uja! '%3pi" i3&i!a"i 3le pep33!a! #a!g "elalu ijau/ Kea!e$a%aga&a! "pe"ie"

'u&,ua! a! ,i!a'a!g #a!g aa i u'a! uja! '%3pi" "a!ga' 'i!ggi (u'a! ala& '%3pi" #a!g

&a"i u'u)/ Ju&la "pe"ie" p33! #a!g i'e&u$a! ala& u'a! uja! '%3pi" le,i ,a!#a$

i,a!i!g$a! e!ga! #a!g i'e&u$a! paa e$3"i"'e& #a!g lai!!#a/

a&,a% u'a! uja! '%3pi"

("u&,e% ''p>>.../g33glepi6'u%e/63&>u'a!-'%3pi6al/'&l/)

B/ Fu!g"i E$3"i"'e&a/ P%3u$'i?i'a"

5
http://www.googlepicture.com/hutan-tropical.htmlhttp://www.googlepicture.com/hutan-tropical.html


6/13

P3'e!"i 'u&,ua! #a!g &e!e%u" iae%a ,e%i$li& '%3pi$a #a!g le&,a,

&e&,ua' u'a! uja! '%3pi$a aala "a'u-"a'u!#a e$3"i"'e& #a!g pali!g p%3u$'i i

u!ia i!i/ P%3u$'ii'a" p%i&e% "e$i'al 20 /000 $6al>&2>' a! &a&pu &e!u!ja!g

"eju&la ,e"a% ,i3&a""a e.a!/

P%3u$'i?i'a" $u"u"!#a i .ila#a '%3pi" ipe!ga%ui 3le ,e,e%apa a$'3%+

a!'a%a lai! aala

1) Suu a! 6aa#a &a'aa%i

Suu ua%a i ae%a a'a%a! %e!a u'a! uja! '%3pi" 'ia$ pe%!a 'u%u!

"a&pai paa 'i'i$ ,e$u/ Se,agia! ,e"a% "uu paa .ila#a i!i ,e%$i"a% a!'a%a 20-

280; (al'e%+ 1981)/ !'u$ ae%a u'a! uja! '%3pi" "uu ,u$a!la a$'3%

3&i!a! #a!g &e!e!'u$a! p%3u$'i?i'a"+ 'api la&a!#a &u"i& 'u&,u (al'e%+

1981)/ila#a u'a! uja! '%3pi" &e!e%i&a le,i ,a!#a$ "i!a% &a'aa%i 'au!a!

#a!g 'e%"eia ,agi 3'3"i!'e"i" i,a!i!g e!ga! .ila#a i$li& "ea!g/ al i!i

i"e,a,$a! 3le < a$'3%

(1) Ke&i%i!ga! p3%3" ,u&i &e!#e,a,$a! .ila#a '%3pi$a &e!e%i&a le,i

,a!#a$ "i!a% &a'aa%i i,a!i!g paa a'&3"e% lua%!#a i,a!i!g e!ga!

.ila#a i$li& "ea!g/

(2) Le.a'!#a "i!a% &a'aa%i paa a'&3"e% #a!g le,i 'ipi" ($a%e!a "uu' #a!g

le,i 'ega$ lu%u" i ae%a '%3pi$a)+ &e!gu%a!gi ju&la"i!a%a! #a!g

i"e%ap 3le a'&3"e%/

(


7/13

'e%jai ,aai a! 'u%u! $e ,u&i ,e%"a&a e!ga! uja!/ a%a lai! #a!g ,a!#a$

&a"u$ $eala& e$3"i"'e& &elalui 6u%a uja! "epe%'i K+ ;a+ a! Mg/


8/13

p3'e!"i #a!g 'i!ggi u!'u$ 'e%jai "e%a!ga! i!"e$'a/ Na&u!+ "ei$i' ,u$'i #a!g aa+

"e$u%a!g-$u%a!g!#a i u'a! #a!g 'u&,u "e6a%a ala&i+ aa!#a "e%a!ga! i!"e$'a

paa a%eal ,e%"$ala lua" (Lug3 et al., ala& J3%a!+ 1985)/ I!i i"e,a,$a! 3le

'i!ggi!#a $ea!e$a%aga&a! i ae%a u'a! uja! %3pi"/ Ba!#a$ p33!

&e!ge&,a!g$a! ala' peli!u!g 'e%aap e%,i?3%a &elalui p%3u$"i ,aa! $i&ia

'e%'e!'u #a!g ji$a i$3!"u&"i 3le e%,i?3%a &e&,e%i ee$ #a!g $u%a!g ,ai$ ,agi

e%,i?3%a/

,/ a!'ai &a$a!a!

a!'ai &a$a!a! pa!ja!g a! "a!ga' $3&ple$"/ O%ga!i"&e 'e%"pe"iali"a"i

aala p%a3&i!a!+ $a%e!a 'i!ggi!#a laju ali%a! e!e%gi a! aa!#a $3&pe'i"i ia!'a%a

je!i" #a!g $ua'/

P%3"e" Ali%a! E!e%gi ala& E$3"i"'e&

ala& 'uli"a! Fai"al+ 2012 #a!g &e!gu'ip paa ;a%'3!3+ $$ ali%a! e!e%gi ala&

e$3"i"'e& &e!gala&i 'aapa! p%3"e" "e,agai ,e%i$u'

1) E!e%gi &a"u$ $e ala& e$3"i"'e& ,e%upa e!e%gi &a'aa%i+ 'e'api 'ia$ "e&ua!#a

apa' igu!a$a! 3le 'u&,ua! ala& p%3"e" 3'3"i!'e"i"/ a!#a "e$i'a%

"e'e!ga!#a a%i %a'a-%a'a "i!a% &a'aa%i #a!g "a&pai paa 'u&,ua! ia,"3%p"i

3le &e$a!i"&e 3'3"i!'e"i"+ a! juga a!#a "e,agia! $e6il+ "e$i'a% 1-5D+ #a!giu,a &e!jai &a$a!a! (e!e%gi $i&ia)/ Si"a!#a $elua% a%i "i"'e& ,e%upa pa!a"+

a! e!e%gi #a!g iu,a &e!jai &a$a!a! 3le 'u&,ua! ipa$ai lagi u!'u$ p%3"e"

%e"pi%a"i #a!g juga "e,agai $elua%a! a%i "i"'e&/

2) E!e%gi #a!g i"i&pa! ,e%upa &a'e%i 'u&,ua! &u!g$i! ila$u$a! &elalui %a!'ai

&a$a!a! a! ja%i!g-ja%i!g &a$a!a! &elalui e%,i?3%a a! e'%i?3%a/ Sepe%'i 'ela

iu!g$ap$a! "e,elu&!#a+ 'e%jai!#a $eila!ga! "eju&la e!e%gi ia!'a%a

'i!g$a'a! '%3i$+ &a$a ali%a! e!e%gi ,e%$u%a!g a'au &e!u%u! $e a%a 'aapa!

,e%i$u'!#a a%i %a!'ai &a$a!a!/ Bia"a!#a e%,i?3%a &e!#i&pa! "e$i'a% 10D

e!e%gi #a!g i$a!u!g 'u&,ua!+ e&i$ia! pula $a%!i?3%a &e!#i&pa! "e$i'a%

10D e!e%gi #a!g i$a!u!g &a!g"a!#a/


9/13

"eju&la e.a! $e .ila#a+ e$3"i"'e& lai!+ a'au a$i,a' ali%a! ai% "eju&la gul&a

ai% $elua% a%i "i"'e& 'e%,a.a a%u"/

6/ Si$lu" !u'%i"i

Si$lu" ,e%jala! 6epa' a! &elipu'i "eju&la ,e"a% !u'%i"i/ Pe!gu%aia! 'e%jai

6epa' 3le $egia'a! ,a$'e%ia+ "ei!gga "a!ga' "ei$i' #a!g 'e%"i&pa! ala& ,e!'u$

"a&pa ala& "i"'e&/ Pep33!a! ijau a! ,e%au! le,a% &e&,e%i$a! pe!ga&,ila!

!u'%i"i-!u'%i"i "e6a%a &e!e%u" $e 'a!a/ Sala "a'u 63!'3!#a aala u!"u% a%a ala&

'a!a u'a! uja! '%3pi"/

i ae%a u'a! uja! '%3pi"+ Ga' a%a ja%a!g "e$ali 'e%"i&pa! la&a i 'a!a+

!a&u! la!g"u!g i"e%ap 3le 'u&,ua! a'au 3le &i$%33%ga!i"&e/ Pe%ge%a$a! a%a

#a!g e&i$ia! i!i juga i'u!ja!g 3le $e,e%aaa! ,e%,agai 3%ga!i"&e #a!g iup

&aupu! &a'i "epe%'i ,%#3p#'a+ li6e!"+lu&u'+ ,%3&elia+ pa$u-pa$ua!+ a!gg%e$+ a!

epii' lai!!#a #a!g "a!ga' ,a!#a$ 'e%apa' paa 'aju$ p33!/ O%ga!i"&e-3%ga!i"&e i!i

&a&pu &e!#e%ap a%a!#a "e!i%i a%i li!g$u!ga! "e$i'a%!#a+ 'e%u'a&a a%i a'&3"e%

'a!pa &e%u"a$ 'u&,ua! i!a!g!#a/

Paa "aa' 3%ga!i"&e pe!gu!i 'aju$ i!i &a'i+ &a$a a%a #a!g i$a!u!g!#a

juga a$a! 'e%u%ai a! la!g"u!g i"e%ap 3le a$a%-a$a% ua%a #a!g "a!ga' ,a!#a$

'e%apa' i u'a! uja! '%3pi"/ Ke&a&pua! i!i i'u!ja!g 3le &3%3l3gi a$a% ua%a

#a!g &e&ili$i ,a!#a$ "e$ali a$a%-a$a% alu" i pe%&u$aa!!#a+ juga ,a!#a$ a%i a$a%

i!i apa' ,e%a"3"ia"i e!ga! ja&u% &e&,e!'u$ e!3&i$3%iGa+ a! &e&ili$i

$e&a&pua! u!'u$ &e&i$"a"i !i'%3ge!/ Keai%a! &i$3%iGa juga "a!ga' &e&,a!'u

'u&,ua! &e&pe%3le a%a paa 'a!a #a!g &i"$i!/ Ki&&i!" (198=) &e!jela"$a!

,a.a &i$3%iGa aala a"3"ia"ia!'a%a ja&u% a! a$a% 'u&,ua! 'i!ggi/ Ja&u%-ja&u%

i!i &e!#eli&u'i a$a% 'u&,ua! e!ga! a$a% #a!g i"e,u' #pae/ #pae $e&uia!

,e%u,u!ga! e!ga! "el-"el a$a% a! a"il &e'a,3li"&e pu! i'%a!"e% i a!'a%a

$eua!#a/ A$a% 'u&,ua! "e6a%a pa"ia$a! 'e%u"-&e!e%u" &e!gelua%$a! "e!#a.a-

"e!#a.a #a!g i,u'u$a! 3le ja&u% "epe%'i a"a& a&i!3 #a!g $e&uia! i"e%ap 3le

ja&u%/ Ja&u% "e,ali$!#a &e!#uplai 'u&,ua! e!ga! ,e%,agai a%a #a!g ipe%lu$a!/

Ja&u%-ja&u% i!i &e&pe%3le Ga'-Ga' a%a 'e%"e,u' a%i pe!gu%aia! &aupu! &elalui

i$"a"i/

/ a!a

a!a aala "u,u% paa u'a! #a!g 'ia$ 'e%ga!ggu/ uja! #a!g le,a' apa'

&e!ga$i,a'$a! pe!6u6ia!+ 'e'api i!i apa' ii&,a!gi e!ga! 'i!ggi!#a e?ap3%a"i/

Se$ali $a!3pi u'a! ila!g &a$a &a'e%i 3%ga!i$ i3$"ia"i e!ga! 6epa' "ei!gga

$e"u,u%a! 'a!a ila!g/

9


10/13

;/ O'3'%3 u'a! uja! %3pi$a

a/ K3&u!i'a" 'u&,ua!

ae%a u'a&a a%i u'a! uja! '%3pi$a "e6a%a i"i$ aala 'e%i"3la"i a! &e!ga!u!g

ge!e%a #a!g ,e%lai!a!+ 'e'api &e%e$a ,e%aa ala& $eaaa! #a!g ,e"a% $e"a&aa!!#a

ala& "'%u$'u% a! aap'a"i/ Se&ua!#a i3&i!a"i 3le p33! #a!g "elalu ijau a!

,e%au! le,a%+ "e%'a "e6a%a e$"'%i& 'e%i%i a%i ,e%&a6a&-&a6a& je!i" 'e%"pe"iali"a"i/

u'a! uja! '%3pi$a &e&pu!#ai pelapi"a! #a!g ,a!#a$+ a! aa!#a < pelapi"a! p33!

&e%upa$a! $a%a$'e%i"'i$a!!#a/

1) Pep33!a! "a!ga' 'i!ggi+ 'e%pe!6a% #a!g 'u&,u &ele,ii lapi"a! $a!3pi

u&u&!#a/2) Lapi"a! $a!3pi #a!g &e!e%u"+ 'u&,u "e$i'a%


11/13

,e,a" 6a,a!g!#a 6u$up 'i!ggi/ Paa u'a! "'%a'u& A i!i ,a!#a$ iju&pai lia!a-

lia!a ,e%,a'a!g 'e,al+ ,e%$a#u+ ,e%"ia' e%,a a! epii'/

- S'%a'u& B e%i%i a%i p33!-p33! #a!g &e&pu!#ai 'i!ggi 18-


12/13

BAB III

PENUTUP

Ke"i&pula!

- u'a! uja! '%3pi" aala u'a! #a!g &e&ili$i $ea!e$a%aga&a! 'u&,ua!#a!g "a!ga'

'i!ggi/ u'a! uja! '%3pi" &e%upa$a! "ala "a'u 'ipe ?ege'a"i u'a! 'e%'ua #a!g 'ela

&e!u'upi ,a!#a$ laa!/

- Fu!g"i E$3"i"'e&

a/ P%3u$'ii'a" #a!g ipe!ga%ui 3le Suu a! ;aa#a Ma'aa%i+ 6u%a uja!+

I!'e%a$"i A!'a%a Suu a! ;u%a uja!+ p%3u$'ii'a" "e%a"a a! e%,i?3%a/

,/ Se,agai jalu% 'e&pa' %a!'ai &a$a!a! ,e%jala!/ Be%$ai'a! e%a' e!ga! ali%a! e!e%gi

#a!g 'e%jai ala& %a!'ai &a$a!a!/

6/ Si$lu" !u'%i"i #a!g ,e%jala! 6epa' a! &elipu'i "eju&la ,e"a% !u'%i"i/

/ a!a #a!g "u,u% paa u'a! #a!g 'ia$ 'e%ga!ggu/

- O'3'%3 u'a! uja! '%3pi$ '%i%i a%i

a/ K3&u!i'a" 'u&,ua!

aa!#a < pelapi"a! p33! &e%upa$a! $a%a$'e%i"'i$a!!#a/

- Pep33!a! "a!ga' 'i!ggi+ 'e%pe!6a% #a!g 'u&,u &ele,ii lapi"a! $a!3pi

u&u&!#a/

- Lapi"a! $a!3pi #a!g &e!e%u"+ 'u&,u "e$i'a% ;u&&i!g Pu,li"i!g ;3&pa!# I!"+ ;ali3%!ia/

12


13/13

Faishal. 2012. Ekosistem, Aliran Energi, Siklus Materi dan AliranMateri

dalam Ekosistem.

Diunduh di http://faishal666.blogspot.co/2012/08/!"osist!#ali$an#

!n!$gi#si"lus#at!$i.htl. %ada ha$i s!nintanggal 9 &uni 2014

'$a(anto. 2011. Ekosistem Hutan Hujan Tropis. Dia"s!s di

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J3%a!+ ;/ F/ 1995/Nutrient Cycling in Tropical Ecosystem. J3! ile# a! S3!"+Ne.

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e"3"3ea%&3+ /S/+ Ka%'a.ija#a+ K/+ S3egia!'3/+ A/ 198:/ Pengantar Ekolologi/

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33.eell+ /M/19:=/!adiation and Pattern o" Nature/ Science 15: 7:1-7=0/

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