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1 VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION PASSANGER ELEVATOR Dosen: Ir. Basaria T, MT.

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VERTICAL TRANSPORTATION

PASSANGER ELEVATORDosen: Ir. Basaria T, MT.

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RT

p x 300 hc

hc

HC N

JUMLAH CAR (KERETA LIFT) yang harus tersedia………………………………………………1)

N

RT I

KAPASITAS ANGKUT sebuah LIFT DALAM 5 MENIT (UNTUK SINGLE CAR CAPACITY)………………………..2)

I = INTERVAL…………………3)

HANDLING CAPACITY

WAKTU MENUNGGU LIFT

MUATAN KERETA LIFT (ORANG)

WAKTU PERJALANAN BOLAK BALIK LIFT

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ISTILAHHANDLING CAPACITY atau HC, prosentase jumlah orang (terhadap jumlah/populasi pengguna bangunan) yang harus diangkut oleh seluruh (N) LIFT selama 5 menit (orang), Tabel 3 DisyaratkanDaya angkut sebuah lift dalam lima menit atau hc, …………………….dihitung dengan persamaan 1WAKTU PERJALANAN BOLAK-BALIK LIFT (ROUND TRIP TIME) atau RT, ……………. dihitung dengan persamaan 2 atau berdasarkan gambar MEE.WAKTU MENUNGGU LIFT (INTERVAL WAITING TIME) atau I ………………. dianjurkan, Tabel1 Muatan normal kereta lift (orang) atau p lihat Tabel 2. Rekomendasi muatan dan kecepatan Lift yang digunakan berdasarkan fungsi bangunan dan jarak perjalan lift pada Tabe 6 atau dengan uji coba (trial & error).

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LANGKAH – LANGKAH PERHITUNGAN:

1. HITUNG JUMLAH/POPULASI PENGGUNA BANGUNAN BERDASARKAN FUNGSI DAN LUAS BANGUNAN (NET AREA ATAU EFISIENSI BANGUNAN), LIHAT TABEL 1 DAN 2

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TABEL 1: Population of Typical Buildings

for Estimating Elevator and Escalator Requirements

Net AreaOffice Buildings Square foot

per personM2/orang

Diversified :

Large Lower floors 110 to 120

Upper floors 120 to 145

Average Use 130

Single purpose 120

Hotels Persons per sleeping room

Normal use 1.3

Conventions 1.9

Hospitals Visitors per bed

General private 1.5

General public (large wards)

3 to 4

Apartment Houses Persons per bedroom

High rental 1.5

Moderate rental housing 2.0

Low – cost housing 2.5 to 3.0

a. Kepadatan tiap lantai mungkin berbeda. Kepadatan untuk daerah administrasi dapat dihitung 50 sq ft per person atau 4,6 m2/orang.

b. Jika jam kunjungan tidak dibatasi, populasi pengunjung menentukan jumlah elevator. Jika pengunjung dibatasi pada jam tertentu maka jumlah staf menentukan jumlah elevator. Jika lalu lintas rumah sakit sangat sibuk, maka kombinasi lift penumpang dan lift rumah sakit yang lebih besar dapat digunakan untuk pelayanan yang optimum.

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TABEL 2; Office Buildings Efficiency

Buildings Height Net Rentable Area as Percent to gross Area

0 to 10 floors Approximately 85 %0 to 20 floors Floors 1 to 10 approximately 80 %

11 to 20 approximately 85 %0 to 30 floors Floors 1 to 10 approximately 75 %

11 to 20 approximately 75 % 21 to 30 approximately 85 %

0 to 40 floors Floors 1 to 10 approximately 75% 11 to 20 approximately 80 % 21 to 30 approximately 85 % 31 to 40 approximately 90 %

Note : Applicable to building with 15,000 to 20,000 gross sq ft per floor. Source Reprinted from G. R. Strakosch. Vertical Transportation Elevators and escalators New York : wiley 1967

Sumber: MEE Hal.

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2. HITUNG JARAK PERJALANAN LIFT BERDASARKAN TINGGI/JUMLAH LANTAI BANGUNAN YANG DILAYANI (SATUAN FEET ATAU meter).

3. BERDASARKAN LANGKAH 2 TENTUKAN KAPASITAS MUATAN DAN KECEPATAN LIFT YANG DIANJURKAN SESUAI TABEL 3.

4. CARI MUATAN NORMAL PENUMPANG LIFT (ORANG) atau p, LIHAT TABEL 4.

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TABEL 3Elevator Equipment Recommendations

Usage Car Capacity (pounds) Minimum Car Speeda (Feet per Minute) Car Travel (Feet)

Office buildings 350 to 400 0 to 125

Small building 2500 500 to 600 126 to 225

Medium building 3000 700 226 to 275

Large building 3500 800 276 to 375

1000 Above 375

Hotels 2500

3000 As Above As above

Hospitals 150 0 to 60

200 61 to 100

3500 250 to 300 101 to 125

4000 350 to 400 126 to 175

500 to 600 176 to 250

700 Above 250

Apartment houses 100 0 to 75

2000 200 76 to 125

2500 250 to 300 126 to 200

350 to 400 Above 200

Retail stores 200 0 to 100

3500 250 to 300 101 to 150

4000 350 to 400 151 to 200

5000 500 Above 200

a Geared equipment is used up to 400 fpm gearless at higher speeds

b FHA minimum requirements call for full – collective variable voltage control. Minimum of two cars; and approximately 120 bedrooms per car for all buildings exceeding seven stories in height

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Usage Car Capacity Minimum Car Speeda Car Travel

Pounds kg Feet per Minute m/detik Feet m

Office buildings

350 to 400 1,8 - 2 0 to 125 0 – 37,5

Small building 2500 1134 500 to 600 2,5 - 3 126 to 225 37,9 – 67,5

Medium building 3000 1361 700 3,5 226 to 275 67,9 – 82,5

Large building 3500 1588 800 4 276 to 375 82,8 – 112,5

1000 5 Above 375 > 112,5

Hotels2500 1134

3000 1361 As Above As above

Hospitals

150 0,8 0 to 60 0 - 18

200 1 61 to 100 18,3 – 30

3500 1588 250 to 300 1,3 – 1,5 101 to 125 30,3 – 37,5

4000 1814 350 to 400 1,8 - 2 126 to 175 37,8 – 52,5

500 to 600 2,5 - 3 176 to 250 52,8 - 75

700 3,5 Above 250 > 75

Apartment houses

100 0,5 0 to 75 0 – 22,5

2000 907 200 1 76 to 125 22,8 – 37,5

2500 1134 250 to 300 1,3 – 1,5 126 to 200 37,8 – 67,5

350 to 400 1,8 - 2 Above 200 > 67,5

Retail stores

200 1 0 to 100 0 - 30

3500 1588 250 to 300 1,3 – 1,5 101 to 150 30,3 - 45

4000 1814 350 to 400 1,8 - 2 151 to 200 45,3 - 60

5000 2268 500 2,5 Above 200 > 60

TABEL 3. Elevator Equipment Recommendations

a Geared equipment is used up to 400 fpm gearless at higher speeds

b FHA minimum requirements call for full – collective variable voltage control. Minimum of two cars; and approximately 120 bedrooms per car for all buildings exceeding seven stories in height

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TABEL 4Car Passenger Capacity

Elevator Capacity (Pounds)

Maximum passenger Capacity

Normal Passenger*

Load per Trip

2000 12 102500 17 133000 20 163500 23 194000 28 22

*The number of passengers carried on a trip during peak conditions is approximately 80 % of the car capacitySumber: MEE Hal. 1071

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ik

s

msnshRT det

)43()1(42 ………..2)

h = jarak lantai ke lantai (m) s = kecepatan rata-rata lift (m/detik) (lihat tabel 3

atau 4.1)n = jumlah lantai yang dilayani liftm = daya angkut/kapasitas lift (orang)

5. HITUNG WAKTU PERJALANAN BOLAK BALIK LIFT (ROUND TRIP TIME) atau RT, DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PERSAMAAN 2 (satuan jarak adalah meter dan satuan kecepatan: meter/dtk)

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Atau:berdasarkan grafik pada buku MEE (satuan kecepatan adalah fpm).

Average trip time

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Round trip time

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6. HITUNG HANDLING CAPACITY atau HC, yaitu jumlah/populasi pengguna bangunan yang harus diangkut oleh seluruh (N) LIFT selama 5 menit (orang), Tabel 5

Tabel 5: Minimum Handling Capacities (HC)Facility Percent of population to be carried in 5 minutes

Office Buildings

Center city 13 to 15

Investment 12 to 14

Single Purpose 14 to 18

Residential

Prestige 5 to 7

Other 6 to 8

Dormitories 10 to 11

Hotels – 1 st quality 12 to 15

Hotels – 2 nd quality 10 to 12a Due to more urgent traffic demands, particularty at the school and work exodus Sumber: M&E hal. 1072

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7. Daya angkut sebuah lift dalam lima menit atau hc, dihitung dengan persamaan 2

8. HITUNG JUMLAH LIFT YANG DIBUTUHKAN dengan persamaan 1

9. Ceck:

Sebagai evaluasi harus dicek terhadap persyaratan waktu tunggu penumpang atau Interval (I) dengan menggunakan persamaan 3 terhadap table 6.

hc

HC N

RT

p x 300 hc …….2)

………1)

N

RT I ………3)

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Tabel 6 Suggested

Elevator IntervalsFacility

Interval (in seconds)

Office Buildings

Center city 25 to 30

Investment 30 to 40

Residential

Prestige apartments 50 to 70

Middle – income apartmenst 60 to 80

Low – income apartments 80 to 120

Dormitories 60 to 80

Hotels – 1 st quality 40 to 60

Hotels – 2 nd quality 50 to 70

WAKTU MENUNGGU (INTERVAL WAITING TIME) atau I

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CONTOH SOAL:PERHITUNGAN LIFT

DIK : BANGUNAN ASRAMA JUMLAH LANTAI: 14 LANTAITINGGI LANTAI – LANTAI = 12 feetLuas Lantai = 1152,48 m2 = 3841,6 feet2

Jumlah Kamar 1 Lantai = 28 kamar, masing-masing diisi 1 orang/ kamar.JUMLAH PENGHUNI KAMAR (14 LANTAI)

= 14 X 28 = 392 ORANGPENJAGA + PETUGAS KEBERSIHAN = 10 ORANGPEGAWAI KANTOR ADM = 10 ORANG

JUMLAH ORANG / POPULATION DENSITY = 392 + 10 + 10 = 412 ORANG

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Jika digunakan: LIFT DENGAN KAPASITAS 2500 POUNDS DAN KECEPATAN 300 FPM AKAN DIPEROLEH RT = 158 dt.

HC asrama min = 10 % (Tabel 5)= 10 % x 412 = 41 orang

TINGGI BANGUNAN = 14 X 12 = 168 FEETTabel 3 merekomendasikan lift (yang paling mendekati fungsi asrama adalah apartemen) yang digunakan adalah kapasitas 2500 pounds dengan kec. 250 – 300 fpm

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ELEVATOR CAPACITY

(POUNDS)

MAX PASSANGER CAPACITY

NORMAL PASSANGER

LOAD PERTRIP

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

12

17

20

23

28

10

13

16

19

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TABEL 4CAR PASSANGER CAPACITY

Untuk lift dengan kapasitas berat 2500 pounds, jumlah penumpang yang dapat diangkut untuk 1 x perjalanan adalah 13 orang (lihat Tabel 4)

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Digunakan: SINGLE CAR CAPACITY

hc = 300 X p RT = 300 X 13 = 24,6 PERSON atau 25 person 158

p (Normal Passanger Load) = 13RT = 158

JUMLAH CAR:N = HC hc

= 42 = 1,68 2 buah 25

Cheq:I = RT = 158 = 79 Second N 2

SYARAT: INTERVAL (I) UNTUK ASRAMA:60 – 80 Sec

MEMENUHI SYARAT !!!!!!

HC asrama min = 10 % X Jlh. Penghuni= 10 % x 412 = 42 orang

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TUGAS PERHITUNGAN LIFT

DIKETAHUI• OFFICE BUILDING• 14 LANTAI @ 12.000 sqft atau 1000 m2

• TINGGI LANTAI – LANTAI 12 ft atau 3,6 m

JIKA DIGUNAKAN LIFT DENGANKECEPATAN LIFT = 400 FPM atau 2m/dtk

TUGAS RUMAH

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LAY OUT LOBBY - LIFT

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DIMENSI

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