l[a-lf-ja-jen by gunkarta gunawan kartapranata cc-by-sa 344 by gunkarta gunawan kartapranata...
TRANSCRIPT
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l[a-Lf-ja-jEnjwOk-Rbcx-lk-ENa: 8 e[s-rk 1967aK-Wla-Tcs: Fk-dk-SkVK-Ek-dla: 240 thka WoajaUl-Dpg: 1,919,000 dx2
Wckx-Ak-JAha: 130 Woa/dx2
lk-n}-Vka-dks: 28.2 Vpek-eK-Ak: VK-xka 80% jVia-Ekc-x}f-eK-
t[x, 10% jVia-Ekc-W[-e-SNa JtK jVia-Ekc-q}f-xp-qNs-Ahln-fNc-jDogk-aIa.
qk-ek: qk-ek-l[a-Lf-ja-jEn Whkn-Wu-div-qk-ek- xk-jt jE[gs-jVia-Dks-dka. Woa-ebca-Tkn-jcOk-qk-ek-Aygs-Ga 3,000 qk-ek-Eoa-jQogk-wls-VK-jDf JtK RNa-qk-ek-l[a-Lf-ja-jEn jVia-qk-ek-Dp-els-wls-qcd-jwok.
jef-CK-d[f: l[a-Lf-ja-jEn xp-jef-CK-d[f-Grnb-Dpg-e}f-Ga-d}bx-lk-ENa jE[gs-Hfh-Riv-Wckx-jen-rkn-Tkn-dcbk-VK-jDf-luga\-Ga-c[-d[f-dka-dka-js[a-jl-jEn-Ga-Vp 1997+1998. JSb-VK-F}-via-aP jef-CK-d[f-Jxba-jSpv-LS-Bbks-XIa-Wos-lpd-WIs jE[gs-ek-xkf-eogs-a>-xia, dk-e-D<-xK-Ekf, Bks JtK Hxh-lld-jVia-F<-aca-Tcs-Tkn.
tkn-Hfh-Smg-Woa: $2,230 (ÕÓ)tkn-Hfh-VNv-DNv-Smg-Woa: $4,300 (ÕÓ)tK-fiv-tkn-Hfh-VNv-DNv: 156e<-VK-e[f-F[-ap: 37
45
q]x-xpVK-jDfl[a-Lf-ja-jEn-jVia-VK-jDf-Dpg-xp-qoa-tK-jxuls-Tkn-jVia-lia-fiv 4 wls-
Ltd. xp-qNs-JSb-VK-jDf-Fpa, l[a-jfn JtK eK-rK-tif-lk-jx-#[-dk-jDogk-aIa-Dpg-xp-qoa-tK-jxuls-Tkn-dcbk. Woa-l[a-Lf-ja-jEn-lk-He-B]b-Jvv-dK-JFd--dK-Fkn-voa 4 jdkK-Grnb JtK lpd 15,000 jdkK-ahln. Fkd-eOa-e}f-Dks-Sk-jcia-lld-wls-VK-jDf-rk-eOa-e}f-Dks-Sk-jcia-Sod l[a-Lf-ja-jEn xp-Wckx-dchks 5,100 dx. Fkd-D[f-jAul-rk-GSh dchks 1,800 dx. qUa-Dpg-jTogk-aIa-ebca-Tkn-jVia-a> vmg-Jxba-Dpg-f[a JSb-l[a-Lf-ja-jEn-dgm-nis-Wos-Grnb-dcbk-VK-jDf-luga-Ga-d}bx-lk-ENa. -xp-jaUl-Dpg-DNv-jDogk-VK-jDf-tkc, d<-V]-jFn, rcNf-akx, HD JtK xNa-xhk-xk-Rcx-dia.
jqkK-cbk-xia--Grnb-Tkn jE[gs-VK-dlv-fhcn-jdkK-Dpg-Jnd-Fkd-dia-Tkn-Rhln-jdkK JtK Tkn-vhka-dK-JFd-dK-Fkn-HV-Skx-Rblx-q]-Qk eKaIa Fygs-xp-Tkn-cif-DK-aK-D<-Hfh-qif-DK-ak-wYa-Ga-l[a-Lf-ja-jEn jE[gs-xp-Eoa-jQogk-Dpg-JSd-Sbks-diajC[s 300 Eoa-jQogk JtK GEh-qk-ek-jC[s 250 qk-ek.
l[a-Lf-ja-jEn
lK-a}-ela-eK-Cka-v]-Rka-Jrbs-Lv-L#-v]-foc-Jxba-c[-rka-ek-eK-Ak-q}f-Dpg-Grnb-Dpg-e}f-Ga-Ltd JtK jVia-eK-Cka-Dpg-Dbls-DbNc-lia-fiv 1 Ga-l[a-Lf-ja-jEn. xia-xp-Wckx-jdogk-Jdb-VK-xka 1200 Vp. Lv-L#-v]-foc- Cud-ehks-wYa 9 EIa JtK xp-Dks-nbks-lhlx-Rlv-JSb-tK-EIa. qK-eos-Dpg-jria-B]b-aP Jxba-d<-tis-aK-xif-eK-dka-B]b-EIa-jD[s-e}f.
frank w
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VK-rcif-ekfBbks-Ahln-dgm 4,000 Vp Qbka-xk-Jthc Dpg-xp-Woa-lk-He-B]b-Ga-jdkK-jTogk-
aP. qcd-jwok-V]d-jwOk, ehks-vhka JtK jtpgx-Whk-wkn-div-l[a-jfn JtK Fpa.Ga-eK-SK-cif-Dp 7 l[a-Lf-ja-jEn-dkn-jVia-lk-ak-Fid-Jrbs-dka-Whk-Dpg-Eos-
l<-akf. Woa-ebca-Tkn-jEugl-Cu-ek-eK-Ak-q}f JtK R[a-f]. qcd-jwok-ehks Lv-L#-v]-foc jE[gs-jVia-lK-a}-ekcK-tp-Dks-ek-eK-Ak-q}f-Dpg-Grnb-Dpg-e}f-Ga-Ltd voa-jdkK-Ekck JtK Hfh-Whk-wkn-div-VK-jDf-luga-Ga-jl-jEn-Sk-jcia-lld-ebNs-GSh.
Fkd-aIa Ekc-Whk-wkn-R[a-f]-dgm-xk-Rlf JtK-Hfh-ehkslk-ak-Fid-GXb-wYa-voa-jdkK-lpd-Jrbs-Aygs Wu jdkK e}-xk-f-S-#k. l[f-D[-qoa-wls-qcd-jwok-JQb-wK-rnkn-lld. VK-F}-via-aP Woa-ebca-Tkn-Ga-l[a-Lf-ja-jEn-Jxba-Ekc-x}f-eK-t[x.
jxugl-jlp-#ov-jtpgx-Eos-l<-akf Ekc-Whk-wkn-jlp-#ov-Shls-dka-jWugls-jDf-Dpg-jSpv-Grnb-Hfh-fp-Ga-q]x-lk-dkf-wls-l[a-Lf-ja-jEn. Vld-S}n-dka, lis-d[f, JtK LRa-tis Dis-Xof-qK-nk-nkx-Wlv-Wls-l[a-Lf-ja-jEn. LRa-tis-jRif-e<-jtif JtK l[a-Lf-ja-jEn-dgm-dkn-xk-jVia-jxuls-wYa-wls-LRa-tis.
Ga-Vp 1945 jxugl-eos-Wkx-Ltd-WIs-Dp ÉÉ e{a-e}f-tos LRa-tis-qK-nk-nkx-
jxugl-els-qia-Vp-xk-Jthc qmg-Whk-Ekc-l[a-Lf-ja-jEn-Hfh-Jtba-jRul-HV-nis-DK-cpv-lk-z-#[-dk. qcd-jwok-jVia-aid-jfpa-jRul-Dpg-xp-Wckx-ek-xkf. R]v-qkv-aP-Jxba-jRul-t<-Aygs-Dpg-JdK-eK-Tid-B]b-Zk-cif-Lv-L#-v]-foc-VK-xka-Vp 800.
Ais-S}d-dK-Sk jVia-jc-tk-Tkn-Rhln-Vp-Jthc Dpg-Ais-S}d-dK-Sk (jWugls-jEpf) Hfh-Grh-Wckx-via-jDps-Jdb-Woa-l[a-Lf-ja-jEn. jWugls-jEpf-jsok figs-Dpg-jria-B]b-aP Jxba-jVia-Dpg-a[-nox-Ga-jdkK-Ek-ck JtK vk-tp. S}d-dK-Sk-Dpg-fp-Dpg-e}f-Jxba-QK-t[f-Fkd-Ais-Wckn. S}d-dK-Sk-JSb-tK-LS-FK-Cud-jEpf-wYa-Lfn-xp-Hxh-ekx-Dbla-Dpg-jRif-Fkd-jwok-Wckn Tu Hxh-HQb-jVia-LS-Ebcn.
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Wlv-Wls-lpd-jDugl-Aygs. JSb-l[a-Lf-ja-jEn-VK-dkf-jl-dK-tkf JtK Dbka e}-dk-La dgm-dkn-xk-jVia-VK-Dka-VK-jDf. xia-d[a-jc-tk 4 Vp Foa-dcbk-qcd-jwok-FK-ek-xkf-wiv-Htb-Ekc-LRa-tis-lld-Fkd-VK-jDf.
via-fk-jdkK-wls-l[a-Lf-ja-jEnl[a-Lf-ja-jEn-Wcv-W}x-Tkn-dcbk 15,000 jdkK JSb-xp-Tkn-jdkK-jVia-
jdkK-ahln JtK-vmg-xp-Woa-lk-He-B]b. xia-jVia-ebca-Aygs-wls-X]b-jdkK-Dpg-Grnb-dcbk jE[gs-tcx-xp zp-t[v-V[a jE[gs-jVia-X]b-jdkK-Dpg-Grnb-Dpg-e}f-Ga-Ltd. via-fk-jdkK-Dpg-Grnb-Dpg-e}f-Ga-l[a-Lf-ja-jEn-Jxba:
e}-xkf-S#k: e}-xkf-S#k-Jxba-X]b-jdkK-Grnb-Dpg-Hd-Dpg-e}f-Dks-D[f-Sk-jcia-Sod-wls-l[a-Lf-ja-jEn. xia-xp-q]x-lk-dkf-Dpg-Rhla JtK E}bx, xp-eif-Vbk-Tkn-EK-a[f tcx-xp-: LS -JRf, jeul, -Dk-jVp, Ehks JtK tps-l}-tis-l}-Sis.
foa-aka-xk-Jthc Woa-fk-Bid-Dpg-B]b-jD[s-jdkK-vm-ap-Ll-jWpn-jVia-qcd-tbk-roc-xK-a}f-. qcd-jwok-FK-Sif JtK eK-eox-roc-wls-qcd-eif-S]. Woa-ebca-Grnb--Jxba-Hfh-nod-jtpd-dka-VK-S[-vif-figs-dbkc-Jthc JSb-qcd-jwok-dmg-nis-Cu-cbk-jVia-aid-e]h-Dpg-Lrf-B]b.
Ga-tK-rcbks-eos-Wkx-Ltd-WIs-Dp ÉÉ jxugl-npg-V}ba-Hfh-Byf-Wls-l[a-Lf-ja-jEn qcd-jwok-Hfh-VK-S[-vif-Smg-Woa-Dhls-C[ga-Bbks-Lrf-
Rhkn. eK-aIa Fygs-jdpf-xp-dka-tcx-Soc-dia-wls-aid-Rov-fk-Bid-Tkn-Woa-div-DK-rka-
Zbkn-qia-DK-x[f-jqugl-Smg-e]h-Shka-npg-V}ba. Dks-fk-
Bid-Hfh-tkn-ska-dka-dK-D<-wls-dls-Div-npg-V}ba-Grh-Jdb-Zbkn-qia-DK-
x[f-qhlx-Dis-Hfh-eis-rka JtK Fiv-
DK-rka-npg-V}ba-Hfh-VK-xka 1,500 Woa. Ga-vks-
dmtK-ap, qcd-jwok-dmg-Hfh-Sif-Wm JtK eK-eox-roc-wls-eif-S]-Hch.
Ahk-dkd-aP-Jxba-jWpn-GEh-Ga-q[-Dp-Sbks\-xk-Jthc-jD[s-jdkK-Ek-ck.
aid-tbk-roc-Jrbs-jdkK-vm-ap-Ll
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Ekck: jC[s-Jxbacbk xia-jVia-qNs-jdkK-Grnb-lia-fiv 4 wls-l[a-Lf-ja-jEn Ekck-dgm-xp-qoa-tK-jxuls-Tkn-dcbk-jW[gs-Aygs-wls-qoa-tK-jxuls-Ga-VK-jDf JtK aK-Wla-TcsB]gGaEkck. Ga-jdkK-aP-xp cif-ek-eK-Ak-q}f JtK R[a-f] Dpg-e<-Wia-F<-aca-Tkn-jEiga: qK-Dkf-Grnb- Lv-L#-v]-foc. Fkd-Ekd-Dpg-Hfh-Cud-WOa-Wchk-Grh-R]h-cbk Woa-n}d-SOa-\ jE[gs-jVia-Woa-fyd-f<-via-lk-He-B]b-Ga-jdkK-Ekck SIs-JSb 500,000 rk 1,000,000 Vp-xk-Jthc-.
vm-ap-Ll: xp-ekx-VK-jDf-RbcxB]bGa vm-ap-Ll. qUa-Dpg-ebca-Tkn-wls-jdkK-jVia-wls-l[a-Lf-ja-jEn. vks-F<-aca-jVia-wls-xk-jt-jEn JtK-qUa-Dgp-e}f-Dhkn jE[gs-jVia-qUa-Dpg-ahln-Jxba-VK-jDf-v#]-Ha. vm-ap-Ll -Jxba-jdkK-Dpg-Grnb-Ga-wos-jwf-aP JSb-xp-qoa-tK-jxuls-lk-He-B]b-qNs-jtid-Ahln. ebca-Tkn--qUa-Dpg-jVia--q]-jwok JtK Vod-W}x-fhcnVbk-Syv Fygs-vmg-Wbln-xp-Q]h-Gf-Ga-Ltd-R]h-Fid-.
a[c-dp-ja: jdkK-Dpg-Grnb-Dpg-e}f-Ga-jl-jEn-Sk-jcia-lld-ebNs-GSh Hfh-Cud-Jnd-lld-jVia-els-VK-jDf. ebca-Sk-jcia-SodjW[gs-Aygs-wls Vk-Voc Hfh-dkn-jVia-ebca-Aygs-wls-l[a-Lf-ja-jEn-Ga-Vp 1963. nhla-Jac-aP-Tkn-Woa-Ga-jdkK-Fygs-vmg-qm-GF JtK-Shls-dka-Bkd-Jnd-Soc-lld-jVia-VK-jDf-l[f-eK-tK JSb-dka-jtuld-SIs-Vp 1969 Sif-e[acbk xia-FK-nis-Wos-jVia-ebca-Aygs-wls-l[a-Lf-ja-jEn.
#k-Lz-tp-jEn (Òáææìåóéá) Jxba-fld-Hxh-Dpg-Grnb-Dpg-e}f-Ga-Ltd. vks-EK-a[f-xp-Wckx-dchks-jC[s 1 Jxif JtK xp-a>-Aid-jC[s 10 d[-Lt-d#kx. #k-zK-tp-jEn-Hfh-jdpf-wYa-Skx-jdkK-Sbks\-wls-l[a-Lf-ja-jEn, xk-jt-jEn JtK zp-t[v-V[a.
#k-zK-tp-jEn- -vmg-xp-t<-SOa (jWul Tu dhka). xia-FK-jtpa-Grnb-wYa-Fkd-dka-Zis-Soc-jwOk-Ga-jWul-wls-quf-EK-a[f-luga. e[gs-Dpg-qcd-jRokjria-Dis-Xof-aP-Jxba-fld-wls-xia.
xia-Cud-SIs-Eug-Skx-Eug-wls-Dbka LD-xi-e #k-Lz (Ôèïíáó Òáææìåó) Q]h-ehks-SIs-aK-Wla-n}d-GXb- wls e[s-dK-LV.
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xp-cia-Aygs-Ga-Vp 1883 Q]h-Woa-Ga-lof-eK-S-#k-tp-Hfh-
n[a-eNs-JVd\. xia-Whkn-Wu-div-eNs-tK-jvpf, JSb-jxugl-
qcd-jwok-jv[gs-HV-lhlx-Rlv qcd-jwok-dmg-vmg-eis-jdf-jria-
e[gs-Q[f-Vod-dK-S[-Gf\. qcd-jwok-W[f-cbk-xia-jVia-eNs-Dpg-
jdpf-Fkd-rpa-Grnb-Ga-Rblx-q]-Gdh\-aIa-CK-Togx.
JSb-xia-vmg-Jxba. eNs-aIa-Jxba-xk-Fkd-q]-jwok-Hz-Dpg-B]b-
jD[s-jdkK-Aygs-Dpg-SIs-B]b-tK-rcbks-jdkK-Ek-ck div jdkK-
e}-xkf-S-#k-d<-tis-tK-jvpf-
wYa jE[gs-xia-B]b-Hd-lld-HV-
jC[s 3,500 d[-Lt-Jxif.
q]-jwok-Hz-aP-xp-Eug-cbk W-#k-
dk-LS-lk (Ëòáëáôïá). xia-
jtpgx-Vbln-wP-jDogk, lkn-a>
JtK d}bx-Wcia-lld-xk-Ga-
jfula-qyf-eK-qk, Vp 1883.
Ga-cia-Dp 27 jfula-e[s-rk
xia-Hfh-tK-jvpf-wYa jE[gs-jVia-
dka-tK-jvpf-wls-q]-jwok-Hz-
Dpg-Grnb-Dpg-e}f-Ga-Ltd-jDogk-Dpg-
xp-dka-via-Dyd-xk.
dka-tK-jvpf-WIs-aP-Jxba-
Grnb-Tkn JtK jVia-Sk-
Bhka-Dpg-e}f-jdpa-Dpg-jRok-FK-ek-xkf-F[a-SK-ak-dka-Hfh. Smg-
HV-aP Jxba-Wckx-F[s-vks-Bbks-dbNc-div-dka-tK-jvpf-
wls-xia.
Ý dka-tK-jvpf-Hfh-jRif-Grh-Vkd-wls-q]-jwok-Hz-dchks-
lld 6 d[-Lt-Jxif.
Ý dka-eiga-Hrc-wls-JQba-f[a-Hfh-jRif-Grh-jdpf-WUa-
nid-Ga-xK-rk-eK-X}f jE[gs-R]h-dia-cbk “Eu-ak-x[.” xp-
WUa-Aygs-Ga-WUa-jTogk-aP-e]s-jC[s 30 Jxif. jxugl-xia-
jWugla-Soc-jwOk-Rlf-jdkK-e}-xkf-S-#k JtK jdkK-
Ek-ck xia-Hfh-D<-tkn-HV-Tkn-X]b-vhka-Foa-Rkv-
dhNs JtK Hfh-eis-rka-Woa-jC[s 30,000 Woa.
Ý q]jwokHzjRifGrhjdpfjViarpaTknEK-a[f. rpa-
EK-a[f-Aygs-xp-R]-lk-
dkf-ahln\-VK-eox-B]b
xia-dkn-jVia--dhla--
rpa-Dpg-xp-a>-Aid--jvok--
Tkn-Foa-ek-xkf--z]-
jD[s-Ahk-a>-Hfh. jRul-
Dpg-Jtba-HV-xk-Ga-DK-
jt-lhlx-W-#k-dk-LS-
lk qov-cbk-Soa-jls-
jWugla-Soc-Hfh-nkd-
Tkn jqkK-Ahk-a>-
jSix-HV-fhcn-dhla-
rpa-Dpg--z]B]b.
Ý wP-Z}ba-Dpg-jdpf-Fkd-
dka-tK-jvpf -Hfh-V[c-
wYa-HV-Ga-Dhls-zhk JtKwK-rnkn--Soc-lld-HV-Dogc-
D}d-D[f-Dks. d}bx-wP-Z}ba-Hfh-dIs-vis-Jes-Sk-jcia-Hch-
Foa-jRif-Grh-lk-dkf-Akc-tos. l}a-rK-q]x-Lfn-eK-
jtbn-lhlx-Rlv-Ltd-Hfh-T}f-tos-Fkd-Vod-dK-S[ 1 los-
ek.
dka-tK-jvpf-WIs-Grnb-Dpg-e}f-
- -jFOkekxkf-lbka--jqpgx-jSpx--HfhGa-VYxroc-aP-!
d}bx-VK-jDf lk-ENawNa: t}sEkEbk, JShx: jEigsHE d]bEogs JtK dogsEogc jEigstp, -JV: HQbrcka, LREiaak vmt[dkaJVqkek.
dcfJdh: viaakD[dka lhknA]ahln, Fif-q[x-Lfn: e<-aid-q[x -lhkn-ra]-ahln, Tcs-qK-vks. DKvNalKa}nkf: tDv 370/qF08112011. q[x-WIs-Dp1
q[xDpg LRsq[x epeKrckf, cNsFia, 2011. wKAkf 19~26Ex, F<aca 6000 roceKrscat[wKe[fvofwNa µ 2012 t}sEkEbk, eKrscat[wKe[fR]vJShx µ 2012 lhknA]ahln
vks-R]v-qkv-Ga-VYx-roc-aP Hfh-xk-Fkd ÷÷÷.÷éëéðåäéá.ãïí. vks-R]v-jwok-jFOk-vmg-Cu-t[-wK-e[f vks-R]v-dmg-lK-a}-nkf-Grh-GEh-Skx-tK-vNv-wls-los-dka Ãòåáôéöå Ãïííïîó. tkn-tK-lNf-Dbka-ek-xkf-jwOk-Eox èôôð://ãòåáôéöåãïííïîó.ïòç/ìéãåîóåó/âù-óá/3.0/ (Tu 2.5 Tu 2.0, Tu Skx-Dpg-Hfh-wNa-Hch-JSb-tK-R]v). qcd-jRok-wm-wlv-GF-a<-via-fk-aid-Cbkn-R]v-Dis-Tkn Dpg-jRif-cNd-
Bbks-Aid jqugl-Grh-Q]h-Woa-Hfh-a<-GEh-Bbks-dchks-wcks. AhkVod: Wckn: ÐáõìÒõää ÃÃ+ÂÙ+ÓÁ 3.0; aid-zhla: Æòáîë ×ïõôåòó, ÃÃ+ÂÙ+ÓÁ 2.0; VKS]HE: Óìõç78 ÃÃ+ÂÙ+ÓÁ 2.0; e}-jtogk: Áúòååù ÃÃ+ÂÙ+ÓÁ 3.0
The Countries of ASEAN, with non-fiction text and story selection by Sasha Alyson, Story illustrations by Sengsay Khousong and Kongsoua Sengli. Published by Big Brother Mouse, Luang Prabang, Lao PDR.
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