kuliah@3-jenis sistem politik.ppt

8/10/2019 Kuliah@3-Jenis Sistem Politik.ppt

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TYPES OF POLITICAL

SYSTEM

DemocracyMonarchyAutocracy

TotalitarianCommunism


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The free electionof Augustus IIat Wola outside Warsaw Polish-

Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1697. Painted by Bernardo Bellotto
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_electionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardo_Bellottohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardo_Bellottohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_electionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Elekcja_Wola.jpg


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DEMOCRACY

Abraham Lincoln:

government of the people for the people.
http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0WTefdct4ZIM60AV12JzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBpdnJhMHUzBHBvcwMxBHNlYwNzcgR2dGlkAw--/SIG=1jrefra67/EXP=1216874716/**http%3A//images.search.yahoo.com/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fimages.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253F_adv_prop%253Dimage%2526fr%253Dslv8-msgr%2526va%253Dabraham%252Blincoln%2526sz%253Dall%26w=625%26h=834%26imgurl=www.sonofthesouth.net%252Fslavery%252Fabraham-lincoln%252Fpictures%252Fabraham-lincoln-625.jpg%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.sonofthesouth.net%252Fslavery%252Fabraham-lincoln%252Fabraham-lincoln-speech-debate.htm%26size=57.5kB%26name=abraham-lincoln-625.jpg%26p=abraham%2Blincoln%26type=JPG%26oid=572f2fd4acac6a14%26no=1%26tt=118,980%26sigr=12mr60h9h%26sigi=12eoropli%26sigb=133l8lhr8


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DEMOCRACY

DEMOS + KRATOS

PEOPLE GOVERNMENT

DEMOCRACY

Ancient Greek definition of democracy


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Four Faces of Democracy

Face I Popular sovereignty

People have the right to govern

they exercise control of governmental authorityby the people themselves directly

the peoples elected representatives indirectly


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Face II

Rights and liberties

Basic rights and freedoms that must beguaranteed by law to the citizen.


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Face III

Democratic value

Tolerance, fairness and compromise.

Face IV

Economic democracy

It establishes various criteria of fairness orequality as social and economiccomponents of democracy.


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Basic Principles of democracy

1. The rule of law

2. Inclusion

3. Equality

(Sodaro J. M., 2004)


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1. The rule of law

The rule of law is the principle that the power ofthe state must be limited by law and that no oneis above the law.

This principle is the fundamental bedrock for

democratic government. It requires the state to spell out the limitations to

its authority in official documents, such as writtenconstitution, legislation, court rulings or publicly

acknowledged understandings the law is. Without the rule of law, power can be wielded

indiscriminately by governing officials, uncheckedby any limits.


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Rule of law

VsRule by law


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2. Inclusion

Inclusions means that democratic rights and

freedoms must be for everyone.

All main social groups that comprise the

population (ethnic groups, religious groups,

social classes) should have reason to feel

that they are better off under a democracy

than under a non-democratic government.


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3. Equality

Equality means that democratic rights andfreedoms must be accorded to everyone onan equal basis.

No group in society should have fewerdemocratic privileges than other groups.

The rights and freedoms in the principle of

inclusiveness must be distributed equally. Everyone should be equal in the voting

rights and socioeconomic conditions.


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EQUALITYVS

EQUITY


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FORMS OF DEMOCRACY

1. Direct Participatory Democracy

The direct exercise of governmental power

by the people themselves. Involves consensus decision making and

offers greater political representation.

Athens.


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2. Semi Democracy

A semi democracy blends democratic andauthoritarian elements.

democratic despot controls the electoral process.

Individual rights are violated and independentbodies such as media are carefully monitored.Political competition is low.

In the other form of semi-democracy, democratic

puppets are, despite their status as elected leaders,manipulated or constrained by other power holderssuch as the military, ethnic leaders or criminal gangs.


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3. Representative Democracy / LiberalDemocracy

Indirect democracy where sovereignty isheld by peoples representatives.

Governed by political elites; able to

manage communitys affairs.

Establishment of legislative, judiciary andexecutive bodies (check and balance).

Media and speech freedom implemented US


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Representative Democracy

Mechanism: elections

people may exercise their sovereign right to

participate in politics.

Hold their chosen representatives in

government accountable for their actions.


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9 Characters Of Representative

Democracy

Roskin, Cord, Medeiros dan Jones (2000)

1. Popular accountability of government

majority through election

2. Political competition

The freedom of citizens in choosing their

representatives; voters must have a choice

either of candidates or parties.


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3. Alternation in power Oppositions rule government or

previous representative becomeopposition.

The reins of power must occasionallyalternate peacefully and legitimately

4. Popular representationthe voters elect representatives to act aslegislators to voice and protect theirgeneral interest; mandate; trustee.


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5. Majority decision Majorityrule with minority rights.

the majority should decide. modern democracydecides with respect for minority rights.

6. Right of Dissent and Disobedience

the overthrown of failure government.

related to minority rights, the people must havethe right to resist the commands of thegovernment if those commands no longer servethe public will.


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7.Political equality all adults are equally able to participate in

politics

one person, one vote

8. Popular consultation

to govern effectively, most leaders must know

what the people want and must beresponsive to these needs and demands.


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9. Free Press

while dictatorships cannot tolerate free and

critical mass media, democracies cannot do

without them.

one of the clearest ways to determine the

degree of democracy in a country is to see

how free its press is.


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Process of Presidential DemocracySystem

(Michael G. Roskin: 2003, 259)

Ministries

orDepartments

Voters

ParliamentPresident

Cabinetelect

elect


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A system with the separate election of an

executive.

President (the chief political official) is

independently elected on the basis of

popular election.


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Parliament DemocracySystem

(Michael G. Roskin: 2003, 259)

Parliament

Parties

Voters Ministries

Cabinet

Prime Minister

Elects andousts


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A system with the election of parliament

only, which in turn elects as prime

minister.

The chief political official in parliamentary

system.


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Industrial Democracies

First World

Definition of development connected with:

a. Increasing development,

b. Successful achievement,

c. Independent administration

In economic terms, developed countries are taken

to be industrial or postindustrial societies with highlevels of income and education

Economically developed and democratic


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The general determinant factors:

Democratically; the degree of participation

(voting and elections), competition and liberty.

Economic development; the presence of private

poverty, open market, level of GDP at

purchasing-power parity (PPP).

In sum, liberal democratic regimes, capitalisteconomic systems in which service sector

dominates and a high HDIranking.


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Human Development Index (HDI)

The HDI combines three basic dimensions:

Life expectancyat birth, as an index of

population health and longevity

Knowledge and education, as measured by the

adult literacyrate and the combined primary,

secondary, and tertiary gross enrollment ratio

Standard of living, as measured by the grossdomestic product(GDP) per capita at

purchasing power parity(PPP).

INDUSTRIAL DEMOCRATIC
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_expectancyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_enrollment_ratiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_of_livinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_producthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_producthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power_parityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power_parityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_producthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_producthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_of_livinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_enrollment_ratiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_expectancy


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INDUSTRIAL DEMOCRATIC

STATES

Russia

United

Kingdom

Germany

Canada

Japan

France

Italy

United

States

G8


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5. Exchangeable currency (hard currency) andcredibility accepted globally

United States dollar, Euro, the JapaneseYen, British pound and Swiss Franc.

Hard currency issued by large countries,

stable Internal and external politicalrelation.

6. Transaction and modal and liberal stockexchange


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Less-Developed Democracies

Third World

Developing countries are much more varied

group but the least developed countries are

marked by agricultural economies, limited

urbanization, a small average income and

low of improving literacy rates.


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Divided into two groups that indicate differences

in their level of development:

Newly industrializing countries (NICs)

Less developed countries (LDCs) NICs: rapid economic growth , democratization,

political and social stability. Eg: South Korea

LDCs: a slow economic development, political

instability with authoritarian rule. Eg: Ghana.


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CHILDREN IN POOR COUNTRIES

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