kontaminan bahan pangan

8/18/2019 KONTAMINAN BAHAN PANGAN

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KONTAMINN BAHANPANGAN

KELOMPOK II

YASJUDANIAYU ANDARI

ARMANSYAH ABDULLAH

A. ISMA NURSYAMSU

HUSNIAR


2/42

Jenis Kontaminan

• Logam Hg, Cd, Cu, dll• Metallod S, A!, a"tmo", Se

• #a! A"o$ga"%

• &at $adoa%t'

• (olatle o$ga") )om*ou"d! +(OC!

• Pol-)-)l) a$omat) -d$o)a$/o"! +PAH!

• Pol-)lo$"ated /*e"-l! +PCB!

• Clo$o0uo$o)a$/o"! +C1C!

• O$ga"o)lo$"e +*e!t!da


3/42

Jenis Kontaminan

• Clo$"ated *e"ol!• Clo$"ato" *$odu)t!

• Do2"

• O$ga"o'o!'at +*e!t!da

• Ka$/amat +"!e%t!da

• P$et$od +"!e%t!da

• He$/!da

• O$ga"ologam


4/42

Kontaminan Kimiawi

• Ko"tam"a" L"g%u"ga"

• Ko"tam"a" P$o!e!

• Re!du A"t/ot%a


5/42

KontaminanLingkungan

• Be$!'at u/3ute$

• Logam /e$at• POP! +*e$!!te"t o$ga")

*olluta"t!4 $e!du *e$t!da,

PCB, Do%!"• Da$ l"g%u"ga" mema!u%

$a"ta ma%a"a"


6/42

Kontaminan Proses

• 5e$6ad !elama *$o!e! *e"golaa"

• A%$lamda

• 78MCPD

• PAH

• Nt$o!oam"


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8/42

Logam Berat

• Pe")ema$a" l"g%u"ga" ole logam /e$at, te$utama Hg, P/,Cd

• Hg da" *e$!e"-a:aa""-a4 *e$alata" la/., *e$tam/a"ga"ema!, "du!t$, dl"g%u"ga" te$edu%! me"6ad metlme$%u$, te$a%umula! *ada %a" da" *$odu%8*$odu% laut

• P/ te$dete%! *ada *$odu% *e$ta"a"

• Cd /!a /e$a!al da$ "du!t$ mau*u" alam, *ada %o"d!

geog$a;! te$te"tu

• Ke$a)u"a" A%ut 6a$a"g te$6ad

• Mem/e"tu% %om*le%! de"ga" gugu! tol e"doge" +e"


9/42

Sumber Kontaminan

• Baa" Ba%u Me"ta• Pe$alata"=me!" -a"g /e$%o"ta% la"g!u"g

de"ga" ma%a"a"

• Pe$alata" u"tu% !te$l!a!

• A$ u"tu% *e"golaa" ma%a"a"• A$ *e"d"g" %ale"g

• Pe$alata"=me!" -a"g me"a"ga" *$odu%a%$


10/42

Karakteristik Toksik

• A$!e"A$!e" me$u*a%a" !ala !atu eleme" -a"g*al"g to%!% da" me$u*a%a" $a)u"a%umulat'. A$!e" a"o$ga"% /e$!'at le/

to%!% d/a"d"g%a" a$!e" o$ga"%.


11/42

Ko"!e"t$a! a$!e" t$o$ga"% le/ da$ >?.???@g=%g alam ma%a"a" atau m"uma" da*atme"-e/a/%a" %emata". Ko"!e"t$a! a$!e"a"o$ga"% 7?? @g=%g 8 7?.??? @g=%g dalamma%a"a" atau m"uma" me"-e/a/%a" $ta!

*e$ut da" u!u! d!e$ta de"ga" ge6ala mual,mu"ta da" da$e.

5e$tela" a$!e" me"-e/a/%a" *e"u$u"a"*$odu%! !el da$a me$a +e$t$o!t da" !el

da$a *ut +leu%o!t. Ko"!e"t$a! ?,?? mg=l dalam a$ m"umda*at me"-e/a/%a" %e$u!a%a" %ult da"!!tem !$%ula! !e$ta da*at me""g%at%a"$!%o %a"%e$


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E'e% a%ut te$ada* a$!e" /e$la"g!u"glam/at "amu" d!e$ta de"ga" a"emaemolt% -a"g )e*at.

E'e% %$o"! da*at me"-e/a/%a" %e$u!a%a"

*ada tula"g, da$a, at, !alu$a"*e$"a'a!a" da" !!tem !-a$a' *u!at.


13/42

•KadmumDalam %o"d! a!am lema, %admum a%a"muda te$a/!o$*! %e dalam tu/u.Se/a"-a% %admum d!e$a* melalu

!alu$a" *e")e$"aa", da" te$a%umula!dalam at da" g"6al. Kadmum da"!e"-a:a"-a /e$!'at %a$!"oge" da"/e$!'at $a)u" %umulat'. Sela" !alu$a"*e")e$"aa" da" *a$u8*a$u, o$ga" -a"g*al"g *a$a a%/at me")e$"a %admumadala g"6al.


14/42

Ke$u!a%a" -a"g te$6ad d!e/a/%a" ole*$o!e! de!t$u%! e$t$o!t, *$ote"u$a,$"t!, em*-!ema da" /$o"%t! %$o"!.#e6ala %e$a)u"a" %$o"! adala te$6ad"-a

e%!%$e! m%$oglo/ul" dalam u$" a%/at%e$u!a%a" 'u"g! g"6al. Kadmum 6ugame"ga%/at%a" te$6ad"-a de'o$ma! tula"g


15/42

•Me$%u$Me$%u$ me$u*a%a" !ala !atu logam /e$at-a"g /e$/aa-a da" da*at te$6ad !e)a$aalama d l"g%u"ga", !e/aga a!l da$

*e$om/a%a" m"e$al d alam melalu*$o!e! )ua)a=%lm, da$ a"g" da" a$.Se"-a:a me$%u$ da*at dtemu%a" duda$a, ta"a da" a$ de%at tem*at8tem*at%oto$ da" /e$/aa-a. Me$%u$ da*at/e$%ata" de"ga" !e"-a:a la" !e*e$t%lo$", !ul'u$ atau o%!ge" mem/e"tu%!e"-a:a atau ga$am me$%u$ a"o$ga"%.


16/42

Se)a$a alama me$%u$ te$6ad dalam/e/e$a*a /e"tu% d l"g%u"ga"=alam.Ba!a"-a dtemu%a"=/e$ada *ada %a" lautatau %e%e$"ga" !e)a$a alama F ?,

mg=%g. Da*at ma!u% %e dalam tu/uma"u!a melalu *e"-e$a*a" uda$a -a"gme"ga"du"g /au=ua* metal% me$%u$,atau !aat me"g%o"!um! *a"ga" -a"gte$)ema$ me$%u$.


17/42

Me"g$u* me$%u$ o$ga"% da*atmem*e"ga$u ota% da" 'u"g! la""-a,da" a%a" me"-e/a/%a" /e$ma)am8ma)amge6ala !e*e$t muda ma$a, !u%a

gemeta$, %ela"ga" !e"!a!, %e!ulta"da-a "gat, ota% -a"g tda% te$o$ga"!$,da" la"8la". A*a/la %o"ta% de"ga" %ult,da*at me"-e/a/%a" ale$g da" $ea%! -a"gte$6ad te$ga"tu"g da-a taa" tu/u

!e!eo$a"g.


18/42

• 5ma

Pada ma%a"a" -a"g tda% dola%a"du"ga""-a amat !a"gat $e"da.Dtemu%a" *ada *$odu% ma%a"a" %ale"g

+/ua da" !a-u$, %a" e$$"g, *a!ta gg,tma logam dtemu%a" *ada de/u ataua!a* *olu! "du!t$. Ma%a"a" /e$lema%le/ muda me"-e$a* tma.


19/42

Ko"!um! tma dalam *a"ga" -a"g/e$le/a" da*at me"-e/a/%a" $ta!!alu$a" *e")e$"aa" -a"g dta"da de"ga"ge6ala mu"ta, da$e, %elelaa" da" !a%t

%e*ala. Pada do!! a%ut da*atme"-e/a/%a" a"o$e%!a, ata2a da"%elemaa" otot, !e$ta *em/e"g%a%a" u!u!alu! "gga %emata". Ko"!e"t$a! tmaa"ta$a ? Gg=g 8 ? Gg=g d dalam

ma%a"a" %ale"ga" da*at me"ga%/at%a"*e$lu%aa" lam/u"g !e)a$a a%ut


20/42

• 5m/al

D dalam tu/u, tm/al d*e$la%u%a" !e*e$tal"-a Kal!um. 5em*at *e"-e$a*a"*e$tama adala *la!ma da" mem/$a"

6a$"ga" lu"a%. Sela"6ut"-a dd!t$/u!%a"%e /aga"8/aga" dma"a Kal!ummemega"g *e$a"a" *e"t"g !e*e$t gg*ada a"a%8a"a% da" tula"g *ada !emuaumu$


21/42

5m/al da*at ma!u% %e dalam tu/u melalu*e$"a'a!a" da" ma%a"a". Ko"!um! tm/aldalam 6umla /a"-a% !e)a$a la"g!u"gme"-e/a/%a" %e$u!a%a" 6a$"ga",

te$ma!u% %e$u!a%a" 6a$"ga" mu%o!al.S!tem -a"g *al"g !e"!t' adala !!tem!"tet! 6a$"ga" da$a +emato*oet%!e"gga /o!"tet! aema te$ga"ggu.Semua !el8!el -a"g !eda"g a%t'

/e$%em/a"g !e"!t' te$ada* tm/al. 5m/al 6uga da*at me$u!a% !-a$a'


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23/42

Proses dan Reaksi ada

kontaminan


24/42

Proses ter!adin"a toksik

•A$!e"

. I"te$a%! A!7 de"ga" !ul'-d$-l +SH*ada !!tem e"


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26/42

•

Me$%u$. Me$%u$ da*at me"g%at da" mem/lo)%"g

SH dalam !!tem e"


27/42

•

Sama de"ga" me%a"!me P/ da" Cd

/lo)%"g e"


28/42

Akri#amid

• 8*$o*e"amde

• Dmeta/ol!me ole !to%$om P? me"6adgl!damd

• #l!damd ??8??? %al le/ $ea%t' te$ada*DNA d/a"d"g%a" a%$lamd +1$edma", ??7

NH2

O

O

NH2

O

cytochrom P450


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Pembentukan karbokation dari g#isidamid

+H2C

HO O

NH2

HO CH+

NH2

O

OO

NH2

glisidamid

sekunder

primer


30/42

Ben$o%a&iren•

Me"galam meta/ol!me ole !to%$omP? da" e*o2de -d$ola!e mem/e"tu%/e" %al '*)*BP+,


31/42

Pembentukan BP+,

OH

HO

O

OH

HO

O

OH

HO

Cytochrom P450

O

O

OH

HO

(+)-BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol

(-)-BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol

(+)-BaP-7,8-dioxide

(-)-BaP-7,8-dioxide

Benzo[a]yrene

(+)-BPED

(-)-BPED


32/42

Pembentukan karbokation dari./-*dik#ororoan

CH2+

Cl

CH+

Cl

Cl

Cl

- Cl

- Cl

primer

sekunder

DCP


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M0P,

•

1*23#oro*./-*roanedio#• Me$u*a%a" %o"tam"a" *ada *$odu%

Hydrolyzed Vegetable Protein (HPV)

• 5da% d%etau !t$u%tu$ meta/olt MCPD

-a"g le/ /e$!'at %a$!"oge"%d/a"d"g%a" MCPD

• Mem/e"tu% %a$/o%ato" -a"g da*at

/e$ea%! de"ga" DNA

+H2C

OH

OH

OH

OH

-Cl

P 3i


34/42

Per3itungan

D ma"a4

5E Q 5o2) e3u9ale"t

PCDD Q Pol-)lo$"ated d/e"


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36/42

4aktor "ang mestidier3atikan da#am

er3itungan

• Ka6a" ala"ga" !te$%

•

Kemudaa" o"!a!• Ka6a" Nu%leo;l!ta!

da" Ele%t$o;l!ta!Muata" Ele%t$o!tat%Atom

• Ka6a" Sta/lta! I%ata"DNA8Ka$!"oge"

• Ka6a" Sta/lta! Addu)t Ade"" da"#ua""

• Ka6a" l*o;l!ta!


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.5 Ka!ian Ha#anganSterik

• Me"ggu"a%a" !t$u%tu$ %a$/o%ato" da$gl!damd, +8BPED,+88BPED, DCP da"MCPD

• Pa$amete$ *e$tu"ga" – Surface area

– Molar refractivity

- K d 3


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-5 Kemuda3anIonisasi

• Pamete$ *e$tu"ga"4 Sel! e"e$g HOMO8LUMO

• HOMO +Hge!t O))u*ed Mole)ula$ O$/tal

• LUMO +Lo:e!t U"o))u*ed Mole)ula$ O$/tal

•

Sel! e"e$g HOMO8LUMO da*at mem*e$%$a%a"*ote"! te$o"!a!"-a !uatu !t$u%tu$ !e"-a:a

1


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15 Ka!ian Nuk#eo6#isitas dan +#ektro6#isitas Muatan+#ektrostatik Atom

• Pa$amete$ *e$tu"ga"4 muata" ele%t$o!tat!atom

• Muata" ele%t$o!tat% *o!t' )e"de$u"gd!e$a"g melalu me%a"!me !e$a"ga""u%leo;l% SN

• P$ed%! *o!! *e"-e$a"ga"


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75 Ka!ian Stabi#itas Ikatan ,NA*Karsinogen

• Pa$amete$ *e$tu"ga"4 e"e$g *ote"!al+PES da$ !t$u%tu$ %ata" gl!damd,BPED, DCP da" MCPD de"ga" ade"" da"

gua""• Ma%" $e"da e"e$g *ote"!al !t$u%tu$

%ata", ma%" !ta/l !t$u%tu$ te$!e/ut

•

Pengertian P+SMe$u*a%a" *$ed%! 6umla e"e$g da$ /e$/aga%om*o"e" "d9dual !e*e$t bonding, angle dan

van der waals


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95 Ka!ian #io6#isitas

• Pa$amete$ *e"gu6a"4

Log P +log. Pe$/a"d"ga"a%t9ta! !uatu !e"-a:a

dalam )am*u$a" "8o%ta"ol a$

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