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Kerangka kebijakan implementasi REDD di Indonesia

Wandojo SiswantoStaf Ahli Menteri Bidang Kemitraan wandojosis@yahoo.com

Jurnalis Workshop WWF - SIEJ, Bogor, 23 Oktober 2009

PENGANTAR : ISU KEHUTANAN DALAM

NEGOSIASI TENTANG PERUBAHAN IKLIM

INTERNASIONAL � Politik- ekonomi (e.g. penolakan USA untuk meratifikasi KP, negara industri

tidak bersedia mengalami pengurangan kenyamanan, negara berkembang tidakcukup resources; diluar proses negosiasi : ‘brokerage ‘ dalam ‘voluntary market’.)

� Technical/methodological/scientific (banyaknya perangkat yang harus disiapkanuntuk memenuhi persyaratan : long-term benefits, measurable, reportable, verifiable)

� Equity (Annex 1 vs non-Annex 1, antar Annex 1, antar non-Annex 1)

NASIONAL � Survival (kerentanan biofisik, ekonomi, sosial)� Sosial (livelihood) � ????? memastikan kepentingan masyarakat lokal terjaga ?

NASIONAL yang menjadi ISU INTERNASIONAL � Sosial (livelihood, hak adat, social equity)� Governance � Kondisi hutan (case : Indonesia, e.g. deforestasi, kebakaran, illegal logging)

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REDD : perkembangan terkini

Umum� Aspek teknis/metodologis dan policy masih dalam

negosiasi di SBSTA/COP UNFCCC,� Perkembangan yang terjadi � bisa semakin jauh dari spirit

munculnya konsep REDD bila negara berkembang tidak‘firm’

Di Indonesia :�mis-persepsi tentang demonstration activities, banyak

yang melihat REDD lebih dari sisi perdagangan carbon. �euphoria “voluntary carbon trading’ � pemahaman yang

sangat beragam tentang perlakuan ‘VCT’ , broker langsungke daerah (Gubernur/Bupati), sedikit keterlibataninstansi kehutanan.

Should REDD be a national or project approach or a

combination of both ?

� Effectiveness of REDD depends on the effectiveness in addressing drivers of DD, which in most cases require efforts across regions within the country/at the national level (e.g. illegal logging, forest conversion for other uses) or even at regional/international level (e.g. import of timber from illegally logged, international market demand for certain products)

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(continued)� REDD approach (esp. when relates to estimating and monitoring

carbon stocks and flows) is methodological/technical matter, but with policy implications (relates to national policy and national circumstances).

� REDD should be ‘National approach’ with flexible implementation according to national circumstances (e.g. country position : Indonesia/national approach with sub-national implementation, Brazil : national approach, EU : national approach, Columbia and some Latin American Countries : sub-national/project approach),

� To support this approach, Indonesia is in the process of developing National Forest Resource Information System where part of the system overlaps with National Carbon Accounting System. For REDD purpose, the national forest carbon accounting will comprise sub-national (provincial/district/project) carbon accounting (tested in demonstration activities).

6

CO2$

Reference

Emission LevelStrategi Monitoring

Pasar/

danaDistribusi

1 2 3 4 5

Infrastruktur yang diperlukan dalam REDD

Historical emissios

/future scenario

Perubahan tutupan hutan

dan stok carbon

National approach,

Sub-national

implementation Daya saing ?Tanggung jawab

dan manfaat ?

Dikembangkan dari IFCA

(2007)

Rekomendasi IFCA 2007 :

Strategi REDD di 5 tipe

landscapes : Hutan Produksi,

Hutan Konservasi, HTI, Peat

land, Pengembangn kelapa

sawit (terkait perubahan

penggunaan lahan)

U1

Slide 6

U1 User2, 12/5/2007

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Scheme pendanaan kehutanan

dalam konteks perubahan iklim

A/R CDM(Kyoto Protocol)

Catatan : negosiasi KP untuk

perbaikan terusberjalan

Gap : SFM, Konservasi,Peningkatan stok

carbon (Bali Action Plan) ���� FIP (Forest

Investment Programe/WB?)

A/R non-CDM ???

REDD(UNFCCC/? KP?

/Protokol lain?) masihdalam negosiasi

(component : demonstration

activities, capacity building & technology

transfer, full implementation)

Sumber dana mis : bilateral, FCPF,

UNREDD

REDDI : the progress

Sebelum COP-13

� Membangun REDDI architecture (analisis aspek2 terkait : metodologi, potensi pasar, mekanisme insentif dan distribusinya, strategi REDDI)

� Membentuk dan memanfaatkan Indonesia Forest Climate Alliance (IFCA) sebagai wadah komunikasi multi-stakeholders dan proses lain terkait � secara internasional fungsi IFCA telah dikenal/diakui.

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REDDI : progres sampai saat ini (lanjutan)

Setelah COP-13

� Menindak lanjuti kegiatan tahun 2007 (lanjutan penyiapan perangkat metodologi : (framework : FRIS dan NCAS; fasilitasi ‘stakeholders communication, awareness raising, capacity building di daerah)

� Demonstration activities (RI-Australia, RI-Jerman) �tahap awal implementasi.

� Penyiapan Readiness Plan untuk WB/FCPF

� IAFCP (RI- Australia ) � penyiapan DA di lokasi baru

� UN-REDD � penyiapan

Forest Resource Information System (FRIS) and National Carbon

Accounting System (NCAS) (Source : MoF, 2008)

Redrawn from MOF Planning Agency, 2008

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FCPF PROGRAMME PHASESI. R-PIN (outcome : R-PIN review and selection by FCPF Participants

Committee)II. R-Plan (outcome : country prepares and presents R-Planto FCPF) III. Conduct Readiness Plan Studies and Activities (outcome :

Readiness package outlined in the approved R-Plan � represent the final product of readiness process, describes : (a) REDD strategy and implementation, (b) adopted and published reference scenario, (c ) designed monitoring system � reviewed and assessed by FCPF FMT and Participant Committee)

IV. Investment and Implementation � domestic, bilateral or private sources, FIP (?) � any countries

V. Payments for emissions reductions � FCPF (5 countries with approved Readiness package)

Note : IV & V not necessarily to be in that sequence

REDD framework :

R-PLAN FCPF � 8 components1. Land use, forest policy and governance quick assessment,2. Management of readiness (Convene National REDD working

Group, Prepare a REDD consultation and Outreach Plan),3. Design the REDD strategy4. REDD implementation framework5. Assess the social and environmental impacts of candidate REDD

strategy activities6. Assess investment and capacity building requirements7. Develop reference scenario of deforestation and degradation,8. Design and implement a monitoring, reporting and

verification system for REDD9. Design a system of management, implementation, and evaluation

of readiness preparation activities . Note : banyak (tawaran) bantuan dengan scope/fokus/prioritas yang sama � prioritas kita?

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Deep cut : Forth Assessment Report _IPCC

(WG III, p 39 and 90 Chapter 13, page 776)

Untuk tingkat stabilisasi GHGs di atmosfir antara 450-550 ppm CO2-eq , pengurangan emisi yang diperlukan:

� Negara maju�10 – 40 % dibawah tingkat emisi tahun 1990 pada

tahun 2020 dan�40-95 % di bawah tingkat emisi tahun 1990 pada

tahun 2050(footnote ‘Bali Action Plan’)

� Negara berkembang : tingkat emisi negaraberkembang perlu diupayakan lebih rendah dariproyeksi baseline emisinya pada beberapa dekademendatang.

Kenapa kita harus peduli?

� Kontribusi LULUCF (Indonesia) terhadap emisi global � record yang dipakai dunia (Indonesia emitter ke-3 (?) bila LULUCF masuk, urutan 22 tanpa LULUCF) � sampai saat ini Indonesia belum mampu meng-counter angka tsb dengan data yang akurat,

� National Communication � laporan nasional ke UNFCCC (SNC, data kehutanan sangat penting) �??? Kita mampu memperbaiki data kita di FNC),

� National Action – TL Bali Action Plan � ??? emisi < baseline bbrp dekade mendatang.

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Kebijakan/regulasi REDD

� Permenhut 68, Tahun 2008 : REDD Demonstration Activities

� Permenhut 30, Tahun 2009 : REDD Guideliness

� Permenhut 36, Tahun 2009 : Tata cara perijinan Pengurangan Emisi di Hutan Produksi dan Hutan Lindung

� Draft Permenhut, REL