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02 Mei 2010

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2/22

KORAN TEMPO) Tanzania,

Tiada hari tanpa daging $erlemak dalam menu makanan suku Masai. Meski demikian) tak

satu pun /arga suku nomaden di &en"a dan Tanania itu menderita pen"akitkardioaskuler) semisal antung koroner) darah tinggi) ataupunstroke. 3adahal tinggin"a

umlah konsumsi lemak $inatang ter$ukti meningkatkan risiko serangan pen"akitterse$ut. 4akta ini mem$uat $an"ak ilmu/an penasaran) rahasia apa "ang dimiliki suku

Masai.

#elama 50 tahun para ilmu/an menduga6duga) $ahkan muncul spekulasi $ah/a orang

Masai memiliki gen "ang $isa melindungi mereka dari pen"akit kardioaskuler. &ini para

ilmu/an di &arolinska Institutet "akin rahasia itu terletak pada ke$iasaan mereka$eralan kaki secara rutin. #tudi "ang dilakukan 'ulia M$alilaki $ekera sama dengan

ilmu/an dari Nor/egia dan Tanania ini menunukkan $ah/a rahasian"a terletak pada

ga"a hidup akti% suku itu.

&esimpulan ini diperoleh $erdasarkan penelitian terhadap ga"a hidup) diet) dan %aktorrisiko pen"akit kardioaskuler dari 7*8 pria dan /anita tengah $a"a di Tanania.

#e$an"ak 190 di antaran"a orang Masai) 9:1 petani) dan 5*5 orang /arga kota.

#ealan dengan riset se$elumn"a) hasil penelitian menunukkan $ah/a orang Masai

memiliki pola makan "ang kadar lemak $inatangn"a le$ih tinggi di$anding kadar lemak"ang disantap petani dan /arga kota. Risiko pen"akit kardioaskulern"a uga le$ih

rendah karena $erat $adan) ukuran pinggang) dan tekanan darah mereka paling rendah)

"ang dikom$inasikan dengan pro%il lipida darah "ang sehat.

;eraat aktiitas %isik "ang teramat tinggi mem$uat ga"a hidup suku ini $er$eda dengan

petani dan /arga kota. &egiatan %isik "ang dilakukan suku Masai memerlukan 2.800kilokalori setiap hari) auh le$ih tinggi daripada 1.800 kilokalori sehari untuk petani dan

*71 kilokalori untuk /arga kota. Menurut perhitungan tim ilmu/an) orang di $elahan$arat harus $eralan kira6kira 20 kilometer sehari untuk men"amai energi "ang

dikeluarkan suku Masai.

3ara ilmu/an "akin) orang Masai terlindungi oleh tinggin"a aktiitas %isik mereka) $ukan

oleh %aktor genetik "ang $elum diketahui.


3/22

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6/22

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!ou are Here)Home /age>"hronic Disease>Diet and "ardio-ascular Disease

$iet and 'ardiovascular $isease

$oes diet and nutrition lay a role in cardiovascular (')$*+

There is eidence that plant %oods pla" a role in preenting atherosclerotic heart disease.3lant %oods proide dietar" %i$er that help lo/er $lood cholesterol and antioidants that

help in lipoprotein oidation. n the other hand) the consumption o% saturated %at) dietar"

cholesterol) and red meat hae all $een sho/n to increase the incidence o% heart disease.Earl" /ork concentrated on ho/ these su$stances pla"ed a role in the leel o% total and
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7/22

?;? cholesterol lo/6densit" lipoproteins 6the $ad cholesterolD in the $lood. ?o/ering

dietar" lipid patterns to decrease saturated %att" acids and cholesterol and increasing

pol"unsaturated %att" acids /ill result in decreases in total and ?;? cholesterol leels.More recent research indicates that monounsaturated %att" acids also increase H;?

cholesterol high6densit" lipoproteins 6the good cholesterolD. A /ell6maintained diet) /ill

help people /ith lo/ leels o% $lood cholesterol minimie the tendenc" o% cholesterolleels to rise /ith age. 3eople /ith high leels o% $lood cholesterol /ill $ene%it $"

controlling their diet as /ell. ?o/ering intake %rom saturated %ats) dietar" cholesterol) and

red meat) /hile increasing intake o% dietar" %i$er /ill decrease $lood cholesterol leels. It/ill also improe the e%%ectieness o% lipid lo/ering drugs. In addition to cholesterol

leels) reduction o% salt intake can help to alleiate high $lood pressure. 4inall") good

diet pla"s a role in reducing C=; $" helping people to maintain proper $od" /eight.

,hat are the dietary recommendations %or reventin- cardiovascular disease+

4or the population) a health" diet that can $e recommended %or all health" people oert/o "ears o% age is low in total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol and is moderate in

sodium. Fat intake should be lowered to no more than 30% of calories, while limiting

saturated fat intake to less than 10% of calories. Cholesterol intake is limited to no morethan 300 mg per day. For persons who have already been diagnosed with some form of

C!, further modifications are usually advised. "ncrease fiber intake to #$ grams per

day especially increase soluble fiber for persons with high blood cholesterol anddiabetes.

$oes a hi-h %at diet durin- childhood and adolescence increase the risk o% heart disease+

3reention o% heart and $lood essel disease needs to $egin at an earl" age.

Atherosclerosis) or %att" deposits in the /alls o% the $lood essels) /as sho/n in

other/ise health" "oung soldiers killed in $attle in the &orean -ar. More recentl") anautops" stud" o% 1)0:7 men and /omen /ho died $et/een the ages o% 18 and 95 sho/ed

%att" deposits and lesions in those /ith high leels o% $lood cholesterol. Eating ha$its that

deelop earl" can $e di%%icult to change. There%ore) a preentie diet is recommended %or

all health" children oer the age o% t/o "ears.

Is oor diet a ublic health roblem+

The National Health and Nutrition Eamination #ure" NHANE#D) one o% the maor

national sure"s in the National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research 3rogram) is a

maor source o% periodic in%ormation o% the dietar") nutritional and health status o% the

>.#. population. The dietar" assessment component included a 256hour recall interie/.Highlights o% this sure" include, Mean dail" intake o% energ" /as 2)078 kilocalories

kcalD %or persons t/o months o% age and older. The oerall dietar" pattern %or the >.#.population ages t/o months and older /as 80 o% energ" %rom car$oh"drate) 18 o%

energ" %rom protein) 95 o% energ" %rom %at) and 2 o% energ" %rom alcohol.

-hen comparing mean intakes o% energ" and protein /ith the Recommended ;ietar"

Allo/ances R;AsD it has $een %ound that although the percent o% energ" %rom %at has


8/22

declined since the 17:0s and 17*0s) mean alues %or the population are still a$oe the

@ear 2000 goal o% 90 o% energ" or less %rom total %at and less than 10 o% energ" in the

population. Mean cholesterol intakes decreased in adults. The mean cholesterol intakes%or adult males /as still a$oe the recommended leel o% 900 milligrams or less per da".

.acts and statistics about diet and nutrition in N"#/

9:; of the adult ew !ork population is o-erweight

o ; of females

9?; of adult ew !orkers were estimated to eat at least fi-e ser-ings of fruits and -egetables a day in @==6

o 99; of nonwhites

o 9>; of whites

o 9


9/22

Laporan: Haris Fadilah

/enyakit kardio-askuler seperti jantung dan stroke sering ditemukan pada pasienginjal. Bahkan* hampir separuh kematian pada penderita dialisis di $merika (erikatdisebabkan penyakit kardio-askuler. /enyakit kardio-askuler ini timbul pada pasientersebut bersamaan dengan berkurangnya fungsi ginjal.

/enyakit kardio-askuler seperti jantung dan stroke sering ditemukan pada pasienginjal. Bahkan* hampir separuh kematian pada penderita dialisis di $merika (erikatdisebabkan penyakit kardio-askuler. /enyakit kardio-askuler ini timbul pada pasientersebut bersamaan dengan berkurangnya fungsi ginjal./enyakit ginjal berhubungan dengan faktor risiko penyakit kardio-askuler* termasuktingginya pre-alensi diabetes* dislipidemia* dan hipertensi. Kelainan lain pada pasienginjal yang dapat menjadi predisposisi atau memperbesar risiko penyakitkardio-askuler adalah peningkatan kadar 3p7a8 serum dan homosistem sertaahnemia kronik.1aktor diet yang berpengaruh terhadap timbulnya penyakit kardio-askuler padapasien ginjal hingga saat ini belum mendapat perhatian yang cukup. Hal inidisebabkan karena diet pasien ginjal pada umumnya adalah pembatasan protein dangaram* sedangkan total kalori meningkat. amun untuk pasien dialisis atau cucidarah perlu mengonsumsi protein yang lebih tinggi untuk mengurangi berkurangnyamasa otot. I(

(umber) http)9


10/22

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12 'ardiovascular diseases

:.1 Are cardioascular diseases a gro/ing pro$lemL

:.2 Ho/ can diet and ph"sical actiit" a%%ect cardioascular diseasesL

:.9 -hat nutrients are kno/n to a%%ect cardioascular diseasesL

:.5 -hat %ood items are kno/n to a%%ect cardioascular diseasesL :.8 Ho/ could cardioascular diseases $e preentedL

123 Are cardiovascular diseases a -ro!in- roblem+

#tethoscope

Micro Application

#igni%icant li%est"le changes in the second hal% o% the 20 thcentur" hae greatl"

contri$uted to the emerging epidemico% chronicdiseases such as cardioascular diseasesC=;D.

Currentl") 18.9 million people are estimated to die %romcardioascular diseaseseer"

"ear that represents one6third o% all glo$al deaths %rom all causes. In the net t/odecades) the increasing $urden o% cardioasculardiseases /ill $e $orne mostl" $"

deeloping countries.

This tet is a summar" o%, -HJ4A;iet) Nutrition and the preention o% chronic

diseases#ection 8.5.1 Background 8.5.2 Trends

The" include amongst others,

atherosclerosis) /hich occurs /hen %att" deposits clog and harden arteries)

coronary heart disease) caused $" the reduced $lood suppl" to the heart muscle)

stroke) caused $" inadeOuate $lood %lo/ to the $rain leading to the death o% $rain

cells) hyertension) occurs /hen $lood pressure is higher than the normal range)

cardiac arrhythmias) /hich are irregular or a$normal heart$eats.

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?eel 2 uestions

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124 &o! can diet and hysical activity a%%ect

cardiovascular diseases+

There tends to $e a dela" $et/een the eposureto risk %actors such as poor nutrition)insu%%icient ph"sical actiit" and to$acco use and the onset o%cardioascular diseases.

This risk is increased $" $iological %actors such as o$esit") high $lood pressure)dia$etesand lo/ cardio6respirator" %itness.

Cardioasculardisease death rates there%ore tend to re%lect risks encountered at some

point in the past.

This tet is a summar" o%, -HJ4A;iet) Nutrition and the preention o% chronicdiseases

#ection 8.5.9 ;iet) ph"sical actiit" and cardioascular disease

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125 ,hat nutrients are kno!n to a%%ect cardiovascular

diseases+

;air" products such as

cheese contain #aturated%att" acids

Micro Application

Ta$le 10 #ummar" o% strength o% eidence on li%est"le %actors

A high intakeo% dietary %atsstrongl" in%luences the risk o% deeloping cardioasculardisease C=;D.

#aturated %att" acidscommonl" %ound in dair" products and meat raise cholesterolleels.

Moreoer) studies hae also sho/n trans %att" acids) %ound in industriall" hardened oils)

increase the risk o% coronar" heart disease.-hile the" hae $een eliminated %rom spreadsin man" parts o% the /orld) trans %att" acids are still %ound in deep6%ried %ast %oods and

$aked goods.

The most e%%ectie replacement %orsaturated %att" acidsin the diet arepol"unsaturated

%att" acids3>4AsD /hich can lo/er the risk o% deeloping cardioasculardisease. In

particular) the" are %ound in so"$ean and sun%lo/er oils as /ell as in %att" %ish and plant%oods. 3ol"unsaturated %att" acidshae man" positie e%%ects) nota$l" on $lood pressure)

heart %unction) $lood clotting) and in%lammator"mechanisms.

Most o% this eidence is a result o% %ish consumption studies. In one particular stud") a

group o% patients /ho suried a heart attack /ere gien %ish oils oer seeral "ears.

Compared to patients /ho did not receie %ish oil) this group had a 20 reduction in total

mortalit") a 90 reduction in cardioasculardeath and a 58 decrease in sudden death.

Cholesterol)/hich is an essential component o% cell mem$ranes and certain hormones) is

produced $" the lier) $ut it is also present in dair" products) meat and eggs. A high

amount o% a certain t"pe o% cholesterol ?o/ ;ensit" ?ipoprotein or ?;?D in the $loodcan lead to its deposition in the arteries that can restrict $lood %lo/ and ma" cause heartpro$lems. It is not clear /hether dietar" cholesterol is associated /ith cardioascular

disease) $ut it is recommended to aoid ecessieintake. Cholesterol is not) in %act)

reOuired in the diet $ecause it is produced $" the lier in su%%icient amounts.
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$ietary %ibreis also a maor %actor in reducing totalcholesterolin the $lood and ?;?

cholesterol in particular. Eating a diet high in %i$re and /holegrain cereals can reduce the

risk o% coronar" heat disease.

An intakeo% 0.* mg o% %olic acidcould possi$l" reduce the risk o% coronar" heart disease

reduced $lood suppl" to the heart muscleD $" 1K and the risk o% stroke$" 25.4laonoids)compoundsthat occur in a ariet" o% %oods such as tea) onions and apples)

could also possi$l" reduce the risk o% coronar" heart disease. There is insu%%icienteidence to support the theor" that antioidants such as =itamin E)=itamin Cor $6

carotene might reduce the risk o% cardioascular diseasesC=;D.

A high intakeo% saltsodiumD has $een linked to high $lood pressure) a maor risk %actor%or strokeand coronar" heart disease.

There is conincing eidencethat a reduction in the dail"intakeo% sodium$" 80 mmol)

i.e a$out 1.2g across the /orld /ould lead to reduction in the num$er o% deaths resulting

%rom strokesand coronar" heart disease$" a$out 22 and 1K respectiel"D.

Taking potassium supplements has $een sho/n to reduce $lood pressure and the risk o%C=;. Ho/eer) the recommended leel o% %ruit and egeta$le consumption supplies an

adeOuate intakeo% potassium and there is no eidence in %aour o% long term potassium

supplementation to reduce the risk o% C=;.


#ection 8.5.5 #trength o% eidence

P66 Back to ?eel 1

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A$out

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126 ,hat %ood items are kno!n to a%%ect cardiovascular

diseases+
http://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/cholesterol.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/cholesterol.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/cholesterol.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/jkl/lipoproteins.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/jkl/lipoproteins.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/ghi/intake-biologic-intake.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/def/folate.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/coronary-heart-disease.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/coronary-heart-disease.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/pqrs/stroke.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/def/flavonoids.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/compound.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/compound.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/tuv/vitamins.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/tuv/vitamins.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/tuv/vitamins.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/cardiovascular-system-circulatory-system.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/cardiovascular-system-circulatory-system.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/ghi/intake-biologic-intake.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/ghi/intake-biologic-intake.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/pqrs/sodium.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/pqrs/stroke.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/coronary-heart-disease.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/toolboxes/degrees-of-evidence.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/ghi/intake-biologic-intake.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/ghi/intake-biologic-intake.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/pqrs/sodium.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/pqrs/sodium.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/mno/mole.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/mno/mole.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/pqrs/stroke.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/coronary-heart-disease.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/cardiovascular-system-circulatory-system.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/ghi/intake-biologic-intake.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/wxyz/who.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/def/fao.htmhttp://www.who.int/entity/nutrition/topics/5_population_nutrient/en/index10.html#diet5.4.4http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/index.htm#7http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/l-2/index.htm#0http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/l-2/7-cardiovascular-diseases.htm#%23http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/index.htm#7http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/index.htm#7http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/index.htm#7http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/l-2/7-cardiovascular-diseases.htm#4%234http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/l-2/7-cardiovascular-diseases.htm#4%234http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/l-2/7-cardiovascular-diseases.htm#4%234http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/about-diet-nutrition.htm#contenthttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/links/index.htm#contenthttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/glossary-diet-nutrition.htm#contenthttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/l-2/7-cardiovascular-diseases.htm#5%235http://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/cholesterol.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/jkl/lipoproteins.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/ghi/intake-biologic-intake.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/def/folate.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/coronary-heart-disease.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/pqrs/stroke.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/def/flavonoids.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/compound.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/tuv/vitamins.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/tuv/vitamins.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/cardiovascular-system-circulatory-system.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/cardiovascular-system-circulatory-system.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/ghi/intake-biologic-intake.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/pqrs/sodium.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/pqrs/stroke.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/coronary-heart-disease.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/toolboxes/degrees-of-evidence.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/ghi/intake-biologic-intake.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/pqrs/sodium.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/mno/mole.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/pqrs/stroke.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/coronary-heart-disease.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/cardiovascular-system-circulatory-system.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/ghi/intake-biologic-intake.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/wxyz/who.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/def/fao.htmhttp://www.who.int/entity/nutrition/topics/5_population_nutrient/en/index10.html#diet5.4.4http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/index.htm#7http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/l-2/index.htm#0http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/l-2/7-cardiovascular-diseases.htm#%23http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/index.htm#7http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/l-2/7-cardiovascular-diseases.htm#4%234http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/about-diet-nutrition.htm#contenthttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/links/index.htm#contenthttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/glossary-diet-nutrition.htm#contenthttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/l-2/7-cardiovascular-diseases.htm#5%235


15/22

Consumption o% %ruits and ve-etableshas $een /idel" associated /ith good health.

Recent studies sho/ a protectie e%%ect againstcoronar" heart disease) strokeand high

$lood pressure.

.ish consumtionalso reduces the risk o% coronar" heart disease. The $ene%its are most

eident in high risk groups. 4or these groups) consuming 506K0g o% %ish per da" /ouldlead to a 80 reduction in the num$er o% deaths %orm coronar" heart disease. ther

dietar" %actors ma" also contri$ute to reducing the risk.

Nutsare high in unsaturated %att" acidsand lo/ in saturated %ats) /hich contri$ute to

lo/ering cholesterolleels. #eeral animal eperiments hae suggested that iso%laones)

present in soy roducts) ma" proide protection against coronar" heart disease.

#ee also !reen4acts(

Alcohol ;igest

Alcoholcan hae $oth a damaging and protectie role in the deelopment o%cardioasculardisease. ;espite conincing eidencethat lo/ to moderate alcohol

consumption reduces the risk o% coronar" heart disease) consumption should $e limited

$ecause o% the risk o% other cardioascular diseasesand health pro$lems.

'o%%ee$eans contain a su$stance calledca%estol) /hich can raise the leel o%cholesterol

in the $lood and ma" increase the risk o% coronar" heart disease. The amount o% ca%estolin the cup depends on the $re/ing method, ero %or paper6%iltered drip co%%ee and high

%or un%iltered co%%ee /hich is /idel" drunk in !reece) the Middle East and Turke".


#ection 8.5.5 #trength o% eidence) 4ood items and %ood groups

P66 Back to ?eel 1

?eel 2 uestionsTop

?eel 1, #ummary

?eel 2, $etails

A$out
http://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/coronary-heart-disease.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/coronary-heart-disease.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/pqrs/stroke.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/pqrs/stroke.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/coronary-heart-disease.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/def/fatty-acids.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/def/fatty-acids.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/cholesterol.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/cholesterol.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/coronary-heart-disease.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/coronary-heart-disease.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/alcohol/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/alcohol/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/alcohol.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/cardiovascular-system-circulatory-system.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/toolboxes/degrees-of-evidence.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/toolboxes/degrees-of-evidence.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/coronary-heart-disease.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/cardiovascular-system-circulatory-system.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/cafestol.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/cafestol.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/cholesterol.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/cholesterol.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/coronary-heart-disease.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/wxyz/who.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/def/fao.htmhttp://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/5_population_nutrient/en/index11.htmlhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/index.htm#7http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/l-2/index.htm#0http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/l-2/7-cardiovascular-diseases.htm#%23http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/index.htm#7http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/index.htm#7http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/index.htm#7http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/l-2/7-cardiovascular-diseases.htm#5%235http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/l-2/7-cardiovascular-diseases.htm#5%235http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/l-2/7-cardiovascular-diseases.htm#5%235http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/about-diet-nutrition.htm#contenthttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/coronary-heart-disease.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/pqrs/stroke.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/coronary-heart-disease.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/def/fatty-acids.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/cholesterol.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/coronary-heart-disease.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/alcohol/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/alcohol/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/alcohol.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/cardiovascular-system-circulatory-system.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/toolboxes/degrees-of-evidence.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/coronary-heart-disease.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/cardiovascular-system-circulatory-system.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/cafestol.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/cholesterol.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/abc/coronary-heart-disease.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/wxyz/who.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/glossary/def/fao.htmhttp://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/5_population_nutrient/en/index11.htmlhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/index.htm#7http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/l-2/index.htm#0http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/l-2/7-cardiovascular-diseases.htm#%23http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/index.htm#7http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/l-2/7-cardiovascular-diseases.htm#5%235http://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/about-diet-nutrition.htm#content


16/22


17/22

This tet is a summar" o%, -HJ4A;iet) Nutrition and the preention o% chronic

diseases

#ection 8.5.8 ;isease6speci%ic recommendations

P66 Back to ?eel 1

3reious uestion?eel 2 uestions

Net uestion

This ;igest is a %aith%ul summar" o% the leading scienti%ic consensus reportproduced in 2009 $" the -orld Health rganiation -HD, &!iet, 'utrition and

the prevention of chronic diseases&(earn more...

Bro/se this pu$lication @. 4o what e'tent does diet play a role in chronic diseasesC

9. How are diets changingC


18/22

#ustaina$le deelopment

3u$lications A6F

AI;#

Agriculture

Alcohol

Arctic Climate Change Arsenic

Aspartame

Biodiersit"

Bio%uels

Boron

C2Capture #torage

Cherno$"l

Climate Change

;B3

;IN36;I;3

;ental Amalgams ;eserti%ication

;iet Nutrition

;ioins

Ecos"stem Change

Electromagnetic 4ields

Endocrine ;isruptors

Energ" #aing ?amps

Energ" Technologies

4isheries

4luoride

4orests 4orests Energ"

!eneticall" Modi%ied Crops

!lo$al 3u$lic Health Threats

Indoor Air ualit"

Malaria

Mercur"

Nanotechnologies

Nitrogen ;ioide

Non6human primates

one

3CBs

3articulate Matter

3ersonal Music 3la"ers Hearing

3hthalates in school supplies

3o/er lines

3s"choactie ;rugs

Respirator" ;iseases
http://www.greenfacts.org/en/digests/sustainable-development.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/aids/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/agriculture-iaastd/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/alcohol/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/arctic-climate-change/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/arsenic/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/aspartame/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/digests/biodiversity.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/biofuels/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/boron/boron-1.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/co2-capture-storage/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/co2-capture-storage/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/co2-capture-storage/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/chernobyl/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/digests/climate-change.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/dbp-dibutyl-phthalate/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/dinp-didp/index.htmhttp://copublications.greenfacts.org/en/dental-amalgam/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/desertification/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/dioxins/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/ecosystems/index.htmhttp://copublications.greenfacts.org/en/electromagnetic-fields/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/endocrine-disruptors/endocrine-disruptors.htmhttp://copublications.greenfacts.org/en/energy-saving-lamps/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/energy-technologies/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/fisheries/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/fluoride/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/forests/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/forests-energy/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/gmo/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/global-public-health-threats/index.htmhttp://copublications.greenfacts.org/en/indoor-air-pollution/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/malaria/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/mercury/mercury-1.htmhttp://copublications.greenfacts.org/en/nanotechnologies/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/nitrogen-dioxide-no2/index.htmhttp://copublications.greenfacts.org/en/non-human-primates/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/ozone-o3/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/pcbs/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/particulate-matter-pm/index.htmhttp://copublications.greenfacts.org/en/hearing-loss-personal-music-player-mp3/index.htmhttp://copublications.greenfacts.org/en/phthalates-school-supplies/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/power-lines/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/psychoactive-drugs/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/respiratory-diseases/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/digests/sustainable-development.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/aids/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/agriculture-iaastd/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/alcohol/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/arctic-climate-change/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/arsenic/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/aspartame/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/digests/biodiversity.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/biofuels/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/boron/boron-1.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/co2-capture-storage/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/chernobyl/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/digests/climate-change.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/dbp-dibutyl-phthalate/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/dinp-didp/index.htmhttp://copublications.greenfacts.org/en/dental-amalgam/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/desertification/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/diet-nutrition/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/dioxins/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/ecosystems/index.htmhttp://copublications.greenfacts.org/en/electromagnetic-fields/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/endocrine-disruptors/endocrine-disruptors.htmhttp://copublications.greenfacts.org/en/energy-saving-lamps/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/energy-technologies/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/fisheries/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/fluoride/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/forests/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/forests-energy/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/gmo/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/global-public-health-threats/index.htmhttp://copublications.greenfacts.org/en/indoor-air-pollution/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/malaria/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/mercury/mercury-1.htmhttp://copublications.greenfacts.org/en/nanotechnologies/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/nitrogen-dioxide-no2/index.htmhttp://copublications.greenfacts.org/en/non-human-primates/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/ozone-o3/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/pcbs/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/particulate-matter-pm/index.htmhttp://copublications.greenfacts.org/en/hearing-loss-personal-music-player-mp3/index.htmhttp://copublications.greenfacts.org/en/phthalates-school-supplies/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/power-lines/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/psychoactive-drugs/index.htmhttp://www.greenfacts.org/en/respiratory-diseases/index.htm


19/22

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20/22

Beranda $rtikel Diet tinggi%gula meningkatkan disfungsi jantung dan mortalitas pada hi pertensi

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Diet tinggi-gula meningkatkan disfungsi jantung dan mortalitas

pada hipertensi2ritten by irfan arief

2ednesday* 9: anuary 9=Konsumsi gula mempengaruhi pelepasa insul in dan pada hipertensi dapat mempercepat hipertrofi -entrikel kiri.Diet tinggi gula mempercepat disfungsi sistolik jantung dan mortalitas pada hipertensi dibandingkan dengan diet rendah%karbohidrattinggi lemak atau tinggi starch.Demikian simpulan (harma dkk dalam ournal of Hypertension* uly 9:.

Konsumsi gula mempengaruhi pelepasan i nsulin dan pada hipertensi dapat merangsang mekanisme signaling jantung yang mempercepat hipertrofi -entrikel kiri danperkembangan gagal jantung. (tudi ini meneliti efek diet tinggi fruktosa atau sukrosa terhadap fungsi -entrikel dan mortalitas pada tikus Dahl hipertensi yang peka garam.

4ikus%tikus diberi makanan yang tinggi%starch 7>; starch* @; lemak menurut energi8* tinggi lemak 79; karbohidrat* 6; lemak8* tinggi fruktosa 76@; sukrosa* =;starch* @; lemak8. 6; garam ke dalam makanan 7nG:kelompok8.

(esudah : minggu perlakuan* tekanan darah sistolik dan massa -entrikel meningkat secara mirip pada semua -entrikel meningkat secara mirip pada semua tikus yangdiberi diet tinggi garam. Hipertensi menyebabkan perubahan pada m$ myosin hea-y chain isoform dari 7$lpha8 menjadi 7Beta8* dan efek ini lebih besar pada kelompoksukrosa dan fruktosa yang tinggi%garam. m$ jantung untuk atrial natriuretic factor juga meningkat pada semua kelompok tinggi%garam dibandingkan dengan kontrolyang sepadan* dengan peningkatan yang secara signifikan lebih besa r pada kelompok hipertensi yang diberi makan sukrosa. +ortalitas lebih tinggi pada kelompok sukrosa7AA;8 dibanding semua kelompok hi pertensi lainnya 7@9%@:;8* karena apoptosis kardiomiosit.

1raksi ejeksi -entrikel kiri lebih rendah pada kelompok sukrosa yang tinggi garam* yang dikarenakan oleh peningkatan -olume akhi r%sistolik* dan bukan peningkatan-olume akhir diastolik. 7Kardio-askuler* o.@6@* 4h I* an 9=% of Hypert 9:967>8)@A9%@A@8
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